Polar Tundra Tropical·Temperature is extremely low and there is a little rain or snowfall.·Most of the plants can't grow up.·Many polar animals can life there and keep warm by a thick layer of fur or fat.

·Regions have harsh wins and low winter temperatures, averaging from -30ºC to -20ºC. · The temperature rises to around 17ºC during the summer.·Tough, low-growing land plants such as linchers are examples of tundra vegetation.

·Regions have a warm climate all year round. There are two seasons, dry and wet.·Temperatures tend to between 21ºC and 30ºC.·Grasslands in tropical regions are mostly made up of scattered trees and tall grasses.

Mediterranean Continental Equatorial Desert·Areas are warm and wet in winter, but dry in summer.·Their climate is influence by currents of air.·In this climate grow a lot of citrus fruits. And their thick skins prevent them from dying during the summer.

·This areas as the central parts of Asia and North America have not summers and cold winter.·North American prairies have every hot summer.

·Regions have a constantly hot and wet climate.·The temperature never drops below around 17ºC, creating ideal growing conditions for huge numbers of plants.

·Climates are very dry, with less than 250mm of rainfall per year.·Temperatures in the hottest deserts may be over 38ºC.Some become much cooler in winter.·Some of the mainly plants of the desert are for example; Cacti's.

In mountains areas, temperatures drop as height above sea level (altitude) increases, producing different climates and vegetation at different altitudes.

Trees can’t survive on high mountain slopes because this is little soil, and the ground may be frozen and blasted by harsh, icy winds.

The direction which a mountains faces (called its aspect) also effects its climate.

If one side of a mountain receives more sunlight than the other, more vegetation may grow there.

Small, low growing plants as moss and lichens grow on the high mountainside.

In coastal areas, the land and sea gain and lose heat at different rates during the day and night.

The air create a mild, wet climate. This is known as a coastal or maritime climate. DURING THE DAY: - land warms up more quickly.

- warm air cools, then sinks again.

- cooler air from above the sea moves in to replace the

warm air. DURING THE NIGHT: - sea cools more slowly.

-warm air rises: cooler air moves out, air cools and

sinks.

Cities tend to be warmer than the areas surrounding them.

This is concrete absorbs more heat than vegetation. It also holds on to heat for longer, making nights warmer in cities than in the countryside.

The ground beneath a city also tends to be drier, as roads and pavements prevent water from draining into the soil beneath.

Weather is what the forecasters on the TV news predict each day. They tell people about the temperature, cloudiness, humidity, and whether a storm is likely in the next few days. That’s weather! It is the mix of events that happens each day in our atmosphere. Weather is not the same everywhere. It may be hot and sunny in one part of the world, but freezing and snowy in another.

Climate is the average weather in a place over many years. While the weather can change in just a few hours, climate takes hundreds, thousands, even millions of years to change.

Identify five factors that affect climate

and explain how each

affects climate.

Observation: predictable patterns of ecosystem distribution across Earth

How does latitude affect climate?

As latitude ________, the averageannual temperature _________.

0° Latitude 90°

Tem

per

atu

redecreases

increases

How does closeness to a large body of water affect climate?

Water __________ the temperature._______ summers. _______ winters.

City B is closer to a large body of water.

Its temperature line is flatter (moderated).

moderates

Cities A & B are located at the same latitude.

Cooler Warmer

The windward sides of the Adirondacks & Catskills receive a great deal more

precipitation

The leeward sides of the

Adirondacks & Catskills

receive much less

precipitation

How does the Orographic Effect

affect climate?

Windward Side: ___________Leeward Side: _____________

cool, moistwarm, dry

Page 14 of the ESRTs

We live in the troposphere. Temperature decreases

with elevation.

During summer, temperature is strongly controlled by elevation -- cold at the higher reaches of the Alaska and Brooks Ranges, and warmer in the lowlands.

How does elevation affect climate?

As elevation _________, the averageannual temperature __________.

Elevation

Tem

per

atu

reincreases

decreases

How do ocean currentsaffect climate?

Warm Currents: warmer climateCold Currents: cooler climate