OLR(1983)30(6) F. General 487

83:3604 Kondratyev, K.Y., 1982. Physics and chemistry of the

atmosphere. Impact Sci. Soc., 32(3):245-259.

Climate is determined by complex interactions among the atmosphere, ocean, sea, ice, land and biosphere. To understand climate formation and the causes for its changes, studies are necessary on: (1) physical and chemical processes connected with solar energy transformations and water phase trans- formations; (2) air flow/sea current interaction; (3) exchange between surface and deep layers of the ocean; and (4) atmospheric chemical transforma- tions. Commission of the USSR for Unesco, 9 Prospekt Kalinina, Moscow G-19, USSR.

83:3605 Maksimova, L.V. et al., 1982. Climate: chemistry and

physics of the atmosphere. Impact Sci. Soc., 32(3):227-382; 15 papers.

Whether current climate trends reflect a random fluctuation within a stable system or indicate actual progress toward global climate changes is considered in terms of current research. These papers cover different aspects of this problem: Is the Earth heating up or cooling down? What effect do living organisms have on climate? How can other disci- plines (e.g. marine research) contribute new infor- mation? Other topics include the impact of atmos- pheric changes (especially increased CO2) on devel- oping countries, climate change and international law, and atmospheric chemistry as it relates to conservation of works of art. (ahm)

83:3606 Maksimova, L.V., 1982. Will our descendants be

warm or cold? Impact Sci. Soc., 32(3):229-236.

We now know how to forecast the weather within a few days, but long-term forecasts require more knowledge of the structure of the atmosphere and oceans. The trend is toward a closer link between weather forecasting and climate evolution. USSR Natl. Commission for Unesco, 9 Prospekt Kalinina, Moscow G-19, USSR.

83:3607 Nanda, V.P., 1982. Global climate change and

international law. Impact Sci. Soc., 32(3):365-374.

Existing international legal mechanisms are judged inadequate to provide effective preventative or remedial measures for coping with increasing an- thropogenic abuse of the atmosphere. Promising first steps toward needed global policies are being taken by international organizations and by nation-states acting bilaterally. Univ. of Denver, Coll. of Law, 200 West 14th Ave., Denver, Colo. 80204, USA.

83:3608 Palacio, F.J., 1982/83. Concerns. The cessation of

commercial whaling. Oceanus, 25(4):71-74.

In 1972, 53 countries approved a 10-year mora- torium on commercial whaling. Ten years later the International Whaling Commission (IWC) adopted a proposal setting the catch limits at zero for whales from all stocks for the 1985 coastal and 1985-86 pelagic seasons and thereafter; a review by IWC will be scheduled for no later than 1990. Advantages of this proposal are that the moratorium is not indefinite, the whaling industry has a phase-out period, the IWC and its scientific commission are supported, and there is a provision for a review of stocks. The author concludes that what is needed now is the U.S. to sanction countries defying the IWC decision and a commitment by more countries to protect whales and all endangered wildlife. Tinker Center, RSMAS, Univ. of Miami, Fla., USA. (dgs)

83:3609 Stansell, John, 1982. No rush for the seabed's riches.

New Scient., 96(1335):p.649.

The manganese nodules that developed nations want to mine from the ocean, that Third World nations want to have the technology to mine, and that both sides are arguing over in LOS negotiations are 'equal to one to two times the world's known reserves of these minerals.' Mining costs could exceed $1.5 billion yet five consortia are waiting to begin. In the meantime, Britain has decided not to sign the LOS Treaty and only two of the developed nat ions-- Japan and France--are still planning to sign it. (dgs)

83:3610 Winokur, R.S. and R.E. Gonzalez Jr., 1982/83.

Ocean science and military use of the ocean. Oceanus, 25(4):58-66.

As in the past, advances in ocean science will continue to contribute significantly to naval oper- ational policy and ability. Among the continuing challenges to the effectiveness of the Navy's ocean science program are adequate funding and facilities, cost-effectiveness, adaptability, and effective com- munications. Increased use of satellite remote sens- ing will require more effective methods of data handling and utilization. 'Central to all issues is the basic problem of fiscal climate.' Office of Naval Research, Washington, D.C., USA. 0ch)

F420. Miscellaneous

83:3611 Born, D.O., 1982. Survival suit. Offshore, 42(14):97-

99.