climate changes – symptoms and prevention adam figiel institute of agricultural engineering
TRANSCRIPT
CLIMATE CHANGES – SYMPTOMS AND PREVENTION
Adam Figiel
Institute of Agricultural Engineering
Layout:
1. Definition of climate2. From basics of thermodynamics to climate changes3. Definition of greenhouse gases4. Greenhouse effect5. Factors influencing climate changes6. Prevention of climate changes7. What we can do to prevent climate changes?
CLIMATE CHANGES – SYMPTOMS AND PREVENTION
DEFINITION OF CLIMATE
Climate is a measure of the average pattern of variation in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rains and other meteorological variables in a given region over long periods of time. Climate is different from weather. Weather only describes the short-term conditions of these variables in a given region.
FROM BASICS OF THERMODYNAMICS TO CLIMATE CHANGES
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FROM BASICS OF THERMODYNAMICS TO CLIMATE CHANGES
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FROM BASICS OF THERMODYNAMICS TO CLIMATE CHANGES
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FROM BASICS OF THERMODYNAMICS TO CLIMATE CHANGES
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FROM BASICS OF THERMODYNAMICS TO CLIMATE CHANGES
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FROM BASICS OF THERMODYNAMICS TO CLIMATE CHANGES
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FROM BASICS OF THERMODYNAMICS TO CLIMATE CHANGES
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Exosphere — contains few particles that move into and from space.Thermosphere — temperature increases with height.Mesosphere — the layer in which most meteors burn up after entering Earth’s atmosphere and before reaching Earth’s surface.Stratosphere — contains the ozone layer; the layer where volcanic gases can affect the climate.Troposphere — the layer closest to Earth’s surface in which all weather occurs.
Lands
Oceans
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FROM BASICS OF THERMODYNAMICS TO CLIMATE CHANGES
Lands
Oceans
t out
t in
Exosphere — contains few particles that move into and from space.Thermosphere — temperature increases with height.Mesosphere — the layer in which most meteors burn up after entering Earth’s atmosphere and before reaching Earth’s surface.Stratosphere — contains the ozone layer; the layer where volcanic gases can affect the climate.Troposphere — the layer closest to Earth’s surface in which all weather occurs.
FROM BASICS OF THERMODYNAMICS TO CLIMATE CHANGES
Lands
Oceans
t out
t in
Exosphere — contains few particles that move into and from space.Thermosphere — temperature increases with height.Mesosphere — the layer in which most meteors burn up after entering Earth’s atmosphere and before reaching Earth’s surface.Stratosphere — contains the ozone layer; the layer where volcanic gases can affect the climate.Troposphere — the layer closest to Earth’s surface in which all weather occurs.
Greenhouse gases
(insulation effect)
FROM BASICS OF THERMODYNAMICS TO CLIMATE CHANGES
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FROM BASICS OF THERMODYNAMICS TO CLIMATE CHANGES
DEFINITION OF GREENHOUSE GASES
Greenhouse gases – any of various gaseous compounds that absorb infrared radiation and trap heat in the atmosphere. The more of these gases in the atmosphere, the more heat is prevented from escaping into space and, consequently, the higher is energy accumulated in the environment. This increase in accumulation of energy associated with increased temperature is known as the greenhouse effect.
Examples of greenhouse gases:
water vapor carbon dioxide methane nitrous oxide
ozone fluorocarbons
A greenhouse is made of glass. It traps the Sun's energy inside and keeps the plants warm, even in winter
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
Visable energy from the sun passes through the glass and heats the ground
Infra-red heat energy from the ground is partly reflected by the glass
and some is trapped inside the greenhouse
A greenhouse is made of glass. It traps the Sun's energy inside and keeps the plants warm, even in winter
Transfer of excess heat through the walls at a certain temperature difference
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
Visable energy from the sun passes through the glass and heats the ground
Infra-red heat energy from the ground is partly reflected by the glass
and some is trapped inside the greenhouse
The higher the greenhouse effect, the higher the temperature in the system
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
Visable energy from the sun passes through the glass and heats the ground
Infra-red heat energy from the ground is partly reflected by the glass
and some is trapped inside the greenhouse
Transfer of excess heat through the walls at a certain temperature difference
Humanity needs the Greenhouse Effect. Without it the Earth would be too cold to live on.
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
But the more greenhouse gas released, the stronger the effect becomes, and the more the Earth warms up.
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
Currently, China is the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
FACTORS INFLUENCING CLIMATE CHANGES
acuminQ EtR Eart’s Total Heat Content
A recent analysis on climate change has revealed that just 90 companies are responsible for 63% of all greenhouse gas emissions since 1854, the dawn of the Industrial Revolution (started in 1760).
acuminQ EtR Eart’s Total Heat Content
FACTORS INFLUENCING CLIMATE CHANGES
acuminQ EtR Eart’s Total Heat Content
FACTORS INFLUENCING CLIMATE CHANGES
acuminQ EtR Eart’s Total Heat Content
FACTORS INFLUENCING CLIMATE CHANGES
Melting of glaciers
A composite from NASA showing how the ice is receding in the Arctic from 1979 to 2003
Arctic sea ice volume in 1000s of cubic kilometers
FACTORS INFLUENCING CLIMATE CHANGES
Rising seas
By 2020, seven more cities, including Baltimore and Atlantic City, N.J., can suffer from flood.And within the next 35 years, most cities along all coasts will be dealing with routine flooding.
FACTORS INFLUENCING CLIMATE CHANGES
Shrinkage of lakes
Lake Chad, in 1972, and 15 years later in 1987. Almost gone.
Desertification in China
FACTORS INFLUENCING CLIMATE CHANGES
The higher the Eacum the more intensive convection process
FACTORS INFLUENCING CLIMATE CHANGES
Convective motions in the atmosphere are responsible for the redistribution of heat from the warm equatorial regions to higher latitudes and from the surface upward
The higher the Eacum the more intensive convection process
FACTORS INFLUENCING CLIMATE CHANGES
A) Idealized winds generated by pressure gradient and Coriolis Force. B) Actual wind patterns owing to land mass distribution
FACTORS INFLUENCING CLIMATE CHANGES
Intensive convection process leads to high pressure disproportion
FACTORS INFLUENCING CLIMATE CHANGES
The links between global warming and cyclones, such as 2012's Hurricane Sandy, shown here, are considered but not yet well understood.
FACTORS INFLUENCING CLIMATE CHANGES
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
How to protect the Earth from global warming
acuminQ EtR Eart’s Total Heat Content
We can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere in order to control the greenhouse effect
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
During photosynthesis radiant energy from the sun (sunlight) is absorbed by green plants. The energy is used to convert carbon dioxide, water and minerals into sugar and gaseous oxygen
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
Alone in a sealed jar, a mouse would die from exhaled CO2. But as scientist Joseph Priestley observed in 1771, adding a mint plant allows the mouse to live. In this proof of photosynthesis, the mint absorbed CO2, retained carbon for growth, and released oxygen. Two centuries later humans tried—and failed—to survive in a sealed environment in Arizona's Biosphere 2.
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
Reduction of deforestation
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
Planting trees
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
favoursphotosynthesis
When using biomass for energy purposes, the carbon dioxide is ‘inhaled' by living plant matter, which will be used again for the same purposes. This results in oxygen being released into the atmosphere, reducing the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere. Therefore burning of biomass makes more biological and environmental sense when thinking about sustainable and renewable energy.
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
Biogas is a biofuel produced from the anaerobic fermentation of carbohydrates in plant material or waste) by bacteria. It is mainly composed of methane, with some carbon dioxide and other gases.
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
During the fermentation process, yeasts convert the carbohydrates into alcohol and CO2.
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
Solar energy
Photovoltaic panels Hot-water collectors
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
Geothermal energy uses the heat stored in the Earth to generate electricity and heat, producing one of the most reliable and constantly available sources of renewable power
Reducing of carbon dioxide emissions
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
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The excess
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reduced by different ways
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
The wave–induced motion at each joint of the Pelamis pushes two pairs of hydraulic rams up and down, forcing a high-pressure fluid through hydraulic motors. These motors are linked to electricity generators, thus wave energy is converted into an electrical form.
The Pelamis is one of the world’s most advanced offshore wave energy converters
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
System of Mechanical Ventilation Heat Recovery (MVHR) creates fresh air feeling with the benefit of a warm home
Heat recovery
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
Fresh air from outside
Heating effect Cooling effect
Ground heat-exchanger
Ground heat-exchanger Ground heat-exchanger
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
Heat recovery
Power-Pipe Waste Water Heat Recovery System
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
Waste water as heat source of heat pump
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
Lower temperature
Higher temperature
1 kW from electricity
2 kW from ground or water 3 kW for heating
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
The inside of a refrigerator
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
The inside of a refrigerator
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
HEAT POMP DRYING
humid airdehumidified air(low relative humidity)
dehumidificationheating
Compressor
Throttle velve
Con
dens
er
Eva
pora
tor
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
HEAT POMP DRYING
Heat pomp dryer (University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus)
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
Convective dryer before modification
Convective dryer before modification
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
Uneven drying air flow
A lot of waste heat
High energy consumption
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
Convective dryer after modification
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
Convective dryer after modification
air nozzles
solar collector
reci
rcul
atio
n
The transformation of heat into electricity is achieved by exchanger incorporated into the exhaust line and equipped with small terminals made of thermoelectric material.
REDUCING CONSUMPTION BY RECOVERING HEAT FROM EXHAUST GASES
PREVENTION OF CLIMATE CHANGES
WHAT WE CAN DO TO PREVENT CLIMATE CHANGES?
Men who commute via public or active modes have BMI (body mass index) scores around 1 point lower than those who use private transport, according to researchers
Commute using public transport or active modes (walking, riding bike)
WHAT WE CAN DO TO PREVENT CLIMATE CHANGES?
Turn down heatersUse energy saving bulbs
Unplag devices when not in use
Turn the lights when you leave room Replace your CRT monitor with LCD/LED
WHAT WE CAN DO TO PREVENT CLIMATE CHANGES?
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WHAT WE CAN DO TO PREVENT CLIMATE CHANGES?
University cooperates with international educational programmes such as TEMPUS, CEEPUS, ERASMUS and LEONARDO DA VINCI.
WHAT WE CAN DO TO PREVENT CLIMATE CHANGES?
Invitation to Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences
WHAT WE CAN DO TO PREVENT CLIMATE CHANGES?
The Institute of Agricultural Engineering
WHAT WE CAN DO TO PREVENT CLIMATE CHANGES?
The center of renewable energy sources
Wind tunnel
Heat pomps
WindmillBriquetting press
WHAT WE CAN DO TO PREVENT CLIMATE CHANGES?
The center of renewable energy sources
Biofuel reactor
Biogas reactor
Biogastat A
Quantity and quality of biogas
Thank you for your attention