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M.T.A. (First Term)

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

ECONOMICS OF TOURISM

MTA - I TERM Max. Marks - 100

Sessional - 30

Examination – 70

Period/week 4

Objective

This course is designed to acquaint the students with the varied aspects of Economic

Tourism as well as its socio-cultural impact. It also aims at making them familiar with the

problems and prospects of tourism development.

UNIT - I Tourism : Definition, history and different forms, Socio-cultural

significance of tourism. Recreation & Tourism, distinction between

excursionist, visitor and traveller. Basic components and elements of

Tourism : Types of Tourism: inter-regional, intra-regional, domestic &

International, Tourism as an industry trade and business.

UNIT - II Factors affecting Tourist Inflow: Organizational Infrastructure in Public

and Private Sector. State Policy on Tourism, Impact of Scientific &

Technological advancement, industrialization, mechanization and human

population explosion on tourism growth. Tourism & automation process.

UNIT - III Economic significance of Tourism: Economic Development and Tourism.

National Income and Tourism. Demand and Supply in Tourism:- its unique

features; organizational Infra-structure for Tourism. Cost/Benefit Analysis

of Tourism.

UNIT - IV Fiscal and non-fiscal incentives for Tourism Development: Concessions

granted by Central/State Governments, Foreign Exchange Documentation,

Passport and Visa requirements. Transport and Accommodation Tariff :

Traveler’s Cheque. Domestic Ticketing & International Ticketing.

UNIT - V Trends in World Tourism: Neo-Tourism, Development of spas, resorts etc.,

Problems and Prospects of Tourism Growth. Role of forecasting in

Tourism, Resource Mobilization for growth of Tourism.

References : 1. Holloway, Y. J.Christopher : The Business of Tourism

2. Bhatia, A.. K. : Tourism in India

3. Kaul, R. N. : Dynamics of Tourism - A Trilogy (3 Vols.)

4. Seth, P. N. : Successful Tourism management in India.

5. Madlik, S. : Tourism : Past, Present & Future

6. Mathieson Alister : Tourism : Economic, Physical and Social Impact.



PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM

(MTA - I TERM) Max. Marks - 100

Sessional - 30

Examination - 70

Period/week 4

Objective

The course is designed to acquaint the students with up-to date international tourism scenario,

its planning and management. It also aims at making them familiar with the development of

international tourism as well as its problems and prospects.

COURSE INPUTS

UNIT - I Tourism Planning and its types; Models - Sectoral, Spatial and Integrated, Tourism

complex planning. Tourism Master Plans.

Tourism Product life cycle theories and their applicability in Tourism Planning;

UNIT - II Background for Tourism Planning : Tourist Market, Tourism Resources, Tourist

Infrastructure, Tourist Impacts, Carrying Capacity. Identifying the role of tourism in

socio-economic and environmental perspectives of the tourist destination Area/region.

Tourism Planning and the Policy perspectives. Over-all national, state and regional policy

goals versus tourism policy goals; Identifying the place of tourism in tourism policy

goals.

UNIT - III Planning Tourist Destinations & Destination Regions : Tourism Planning Process:

Objective setting; Background Analysis; Detailed Research & Analysis; Synthesis; Goal

Setting; and Plan formulation. Project feasibility study : Evaluation of tourism project,

techniques for preparing feasibility reports.

UNIT - IV Analysis of Planning process and models adopted in developed countries like, Italy,

Spain, France, U.K. & Switzerland; and developing countries like Sri Lanka, Thailand,

Caribean countries and Kenya. Place of tourism in India’s Planning process;

Institutions/Departments responsible for evolving tourism plans in India.

UNIT - V Concept of community approach to tourism planning and its relevance in Indian context;

Planning urban and rural tourism destinations and sea-side resorts : case models from

India.

Assessment of tourism planning process in Indian context : problems, grey areas and

possible solutions. Role of WTO, PATA, UFTAA, IUOTO, WATA and ASTA towards

planned development of tourism with special reference to developing countries.

REFERENCES :

1. Haekins, D.E. : Tourism Planning and Development, CBI Publishing, Boston.

2. Kaul, R.N., 1985 : Dynamics of Tourism-A Trilogy, Sterbing Publisher Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

3. Hill Robert Christies & Alastair M. Horrison, 1985 : The Tourism System.

4. Singh, T.V., J. Kaur et al. (eds.) 1992 : Tourism Wildlife Parks Conservation, Metrololitan, New

Delhi.



TOURISM MARKETING


Sessional - 30

Examination - 70

Period/week 4

Objective

This course is designed to acquaint the students with the principles and practices of Tourism

marketing, and equip them with the basic tools of marketing research applicable to Tourism.

COURSE INPUTS

UNIT - I A conceptual Framework for Marketing Management; The concept of marketing:

Traditional Approach to Marketing; Modern Approach to Marketing: Sovereignty of

consumer, the Components of Marketing mix., Nature, Classifications &

Characteristics of services and their marketing implications, Developing marketing

strategy for service firms; Definition of ‘Product Marketing’ & ‘Tourism Marketing’;

differentiation between two concepts.

UNIT - II The Concepts of Tourism Product Development, Pricing of Tourism Product; Various

middlemen in Tourism & Travel Business: Promotional Techniques.

UNIT - III Marketing Information System & Marketing Research. Marketing Research -

Objectives and Scope. Techniques of Marketing Research; Findings; Use of the

Research Findings. Significance of ‘Sources of Marketing’ - Journals, Periodicals

Magazines, Newspapers, Directions, Guidebooks, Maps in Tourism, Documentation

and Indexing of Information.

UNIT - IV Linkages in Tourism Marketing : Marketing Segmentation; Product Positioning;

Inter-relationship; Linkages in tourism and travel marketing between

accommodation, transport, travel marketing between accommodation, transport,

travel and tour sectors and governments; Tourism Products and their formulations;

Marketing Mix and product Market Strategy.

Role of Agencies in Tourism Marketing: The concept of opinion Leader; Role

of Air India Missions, Travel Agents, Indian Airlines, Vayudoot, Indian Railways,

Tourism Development Corporations in Tourism Marketing.

UNIT - V Communication Mix: The definition of communication mix; Components of the

communication mix; Communication-mix in Tourism and Travel Market.

Public Relations (PR) : The concept of Public Relations, Significance of Public

Relations, Methods and Techniques of Public Relations, Role of various Promotional

Units and their specific strategies in developing international tourism in India.

REFERENCES : 1. W. Savaaley Abdul : Tourism Marketing

2. R.A. Nykiel : Marketing in Hospital Industry

3. Donnelly J.H. and George W.H. : Marketing of Services

4. Braden P.V. and Wiener L. : Tourism Marketing and Management Issues

5. Green P. and T.D. : Research for Marketing Decisions.



INDIAN HISTORY, SOCIETY & CULTURE


Sessional - 30

Examination - 70

Period/week 4

Objective

The course of Indian History has been designed in such a manner as to acquaint the students

with the social political economic and cultural history of the Indian people through the ages. It

also aims to make them familiar with Indian Art and Architecture and the places of tourist

interest.

COURSE INPUTS

UNIT - I Cultural Heritage of India - Stages of Evolution, Continuity and change,

Social Set up - Formation of Varnashrams and caste system, Religious and

beliefs.

UNIT - II Evolution and main stages of Indian History and Tradition in the Ancient,

Medieval and Modern Periods - the Vedas, Epics, Puranas, The Buddist

literature, Travels and Biographic Accounts, Memoirs and Other written

records.

UNIT - III Art Architectural Heritage - Main schools of Art, Sculpture and Painting.

Architectural trends-Strupas, Rock cut caves, Temples, Mosques, Palaces

and Forts etc. Monuments of British India and Post-Independence India.

UNIT - IV Food Culture and Traditions: Music and dance, variations, Patronage and

taste. Religion, Pilgrimage and Traditional beliefs.

UNIT - V Indian people and society - Social Structure, Diversified nature and

composition. Unity in Diversity, Regional pattern any change, Question of

Integration, Customs and traditions - Manners, customs, tradition beliefs,

major fairs and festivals.

REFERENCES :

1. Panikkar K.M. : Survey of Indian History

2. Spear Percival : History of India Vol. 2

3. Tomory Edith : A History of Fine Arts in India and the West

4. Brown Percy : Indian Painting

5. Geoff Crother, Prarkash

A. Raj, and Tony Wheeler : India: A travel Survival Kit.

6. Chandra, B. : Modern India, NCERT, New Delhi 1971.

7. Das, Arjun : The Study of Civilization, Vol. I-II, NCERT, New Delhi 1987.



ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT


Sessional - 30

Examination - 70

Period/week 4

Objective

The course aims at equipping the students with the basic knowledge pertaining to

Tourism Organization and Management so that an affective organization and

management may bring rich dividends to an economy drawing sustenance from

tourism.

COURSE INPUTS

UNIT - I Nature, meaning, Scope and functions of Management, Principles of

management, schools of management though including contributions of

E.W. Taylor and Henry Fayol, process of management, Managerial skills,

roles, external environment .

UNIT - II Planning: Nature, Objectives, Types and Process Principles and

Significance, Management by Objectives (MBO), Strategies & Policies,

Decision Making: Meaning and Significance, Types, Process, Rationale &

Decision Making Models.

UNIT - III Organizing: Concept and Process of Organizing, Organizational Structure &

Design, Meaning and Theories of Organization, Types of Organisation,

Departmentation. Delegation of Authority. Centralization &

Decentralization.

UNIT - IV Directing function of Management, Motivation, Leadership;

Communication; Controlling function of Management and its process,

Methods and techniques of control; Co-ordination.

UNIT - V Management of Change and Organization development, Tourism

Organizational set up in India; Types, Issues and Problems, Private and

Public Sector Perspective of tourism.

REFERENCES :

1. Davis, K. : Human Relations at work : The Dynamic of Organizational Behaniour.

2. Choadhury K.K. : Understanding - Organizational behaviour.

3. Dwidedi, R.S. : Human Relations and Organizational Behaniour.

4. Ginnies, M.C. : Social Behaviour. A Functional Analysis.

5. Relman, H.C. : International Behaviour; A Social Psychological Analysis.



HOTEL MANAGEMENT


Sessional - 30

Examination - 70

Period/week 4

Objective

The purpose of this course is to familiarize students with important managerial

functions in a hotel with a view to give insights into hotel jobs.

COURSE INPUTS

UNIT - I Introduction: Introduction to Hotel industry, historical background, Forms

of Hotel ownership: Economic significance of Hotel Industry in India and

Future trends, Hotel Organization structure, linkages and integration.

UNIT - II Hotel project planning: concept, feasibility study, components, general

market and Hotel market analysis, demand & demand potential, Cost

Analysis, Hotel Planning, Hotel Design; Hotel Development and opening

requirements and procedures for application of star hotels.

UNIT - III Hotel Finance: Investment in hotels, source of hotel finance, Role of Public

Institutions in hotel finance, general procedures for obtaining loan from

State Financial Corporations, State assistance in developing hotels.

UNIT - IV Hotel Marketing: Marketing Mix, Market Segmentation and Product

Positioning, Sales skills and Public Relations in hotel; area group and co-

operative Hotel Marketing.

UNIT - V Hotel Control: Control process and techniques, Hotel Accounting, night

audit, laws relating to accommodation sector in India, Emerging challenges

before Hotel industry in India.

REFERENCES:

1. Rutherford Deeney G. : Hotel Management & Operation

2. Reid Robert D. : Hospitality Marketing Management

3. Andrews Sudhir : Front Office Manual

4. Sethi Mohini, : Catering Management : An Intergrated Approach.



FOREIGN LANGUAGE : FRENCH


Sessional - 30

Examination - 70

Period/week 4

Objective

The course shall consist of the following chapters and exercises found in Mauger’s

“Course de Langue et de Civilisation Francaises”.

COURSE INPUTS

UNIT - I Lecons 1 to 4 : Basic vocabulary with genders. Definite and indefinite

articles, Asking basic questions. Location of objects. Colours.

UNIT - II Lecons 5 to 7 : Nouns and plurals, Pronouns, Feminine of Adjectives. The

verb to be or “Etre”. The expression “I 1 y a” ames of Materials-wood,

leather, steel etc. Dictation, Dialogue.

UNIT - III Lecons 8 to 10 : More nouns, Adjectives, Parts of the Body. Parts of the

Human Face. The Verb AVOIR and its conjugation. Possessive Adjectives.

UNIT - IV Lecons 11 to 14 : Basic verbs and their variations - verbs ending in ER and -

IR Telling the Time. Names of the Seasons, Days, Months, Ce, Cet, Cette,

Ces. Dimensions - Length, Breadth, etc.

UNIT - V Verbs ending in ‘ER’

Numbers 1 - 100. Weights and Measures.

Translating a passage; Answering questions in French.

REFERENCES : (Questions only from Mauger)

1. G. Mauger : Cours de langue et de civilisation Francaises; Hachette and

Goyal Publishers, Delhi, 2002. (Lecons 1-14 only)

2. Collins : French Phrase Book and Dictionary

3. : Elegant French Learning Book.

Department of CommerceAligarh Muslim University, Aligarh

ARABIC

(MTA - I Term)Max. Marks - 100

Period/week - 4 Sessional - 30Examination - 70

Objective:-

The course aims at acquianting the students with the basic knowledge of

Arabic Grammar and Composition in order to help equip them with communication

skills, essentially needed for tourism administration personnel.

COURSE INPUTS

Unit - I The Alphabet

Forms and sounds of the letters

Vowels, Nunation and Double consonants

Definite article, weak letters

Proper Noun and Common Noun

Numerals

UNIT-II Parts of Speach

Gender and number (Singular, Dual and Plural)

The nominal sentence

UNIT-II The Possessive

The pronouns: possessive,Demonstrative

and Relative pronouns

The interrogative Pronounce

The prepositions

UNIT-IV Comprehension exercise developed by to understand Arabic Language.

Translation of Simple Sentences from English into Arabic and Vice Versa based

on the above topic from 'Arabic for Biginners'.

UNIT-V Selected Arabic Text Lessons from 'Learning Arabic by Records Vol. I'.

� A Family (Lesson 1, pp. 01-08)

� A House (Lesson 2, pp. 10-16)

� The School (Lesson 3, pp. 18-21)

� The Garden (Lesson 4, pp. 26-32)

� The Fruit Shop (Lesson 7, pp. 52-58)

Suggested Readings:

1. Ali Syed Arabic for Biginners.

2. Rafi'el Imad Faynan The essential Arabic

3. ....................... Learning Arabic by Records Vol. I

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M.T.A. (Second Term)



TOURISM GEOGRAPHY

(MTA - II Term)

Max. Marks.-100

Sessional - 30

Examination - 70

Period/week 4

Objective

The course attempts to interpret processes and linkages responsible for generation of touristic flows and their local and regional impacts. It provides an insight into the geographical framework of various aspects of tourism in general and South Asia in particular.

COURSE INPUTS

Unit - I : Importance of Geography in Tourism, Latitude, Longitude, International Date Line, Time Zone, Time differences, GMT Variations, Tourist-Resources- Major Landforms, Elements of Weather and Climate, World Climatic regions and its impact on tourist Destinations.

Unit - II : Tourist Flow - Measurement of National and International Tourist Flows. Variation in Tourist Flow-Weekly, Monthly, Seasional and Annual. Causes and Factors of Regional Imbalances in Tourist Flow. Capacity to accomodate Tourist Flow. a Case study of Central Europe and SAARC Countries.

Unit - III : Elements of Tourism- Basic and Georaphical components of Tourism. Tourism Development. Georaphical determinants, Linkages, Accessibility. Limitations, Seasonal Rhythm. Tourist and the Environment. Tourism in Regional Development Planning.

Unit - IV : Physico-Biotic regionalisation and Rich natural ambience of India Physiographic regions of India and Tourist Growth-Planning, Spatial variation and interaction, Pattern, Problems Temporal changing orientation, Impact and Infrastructural planning for tourism.

Unit - V : Cultural Heritage, Spatial Attributes and varying cultural assets and their impact on products in Indian Tourism.

REFERENCES : 1. Douglas P. : Tourism Today : A Geographical Analysis,

Longman, London, 1987 2. Govt. of India : National Atlas of India, Calcutta, 1967. 3. Perian, Briface and Ceristopher : The Geography of Travel & Tourism, & Cooper P. Neineman, 1987. 4. Cambell, C.K. : An Approach to Research in Recreational

Geography-Occasional papers, Department of Geography of British Columbia, 1967.

5. Nenzelman, O.H. & Ninhsmith, R.M. : World Regional Geography.



FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

(MTA - II Term)

Max. Marks.-100

Sessional - 30

Examination - 70

OBJECTIVES

The course purports to acquaint the students with the principles and techniques of Financial Management and to equip them with knowledge of financial design making in a business enterprises.

COURSE INPUTS

Unit - I : Introduction - Meaning, Nature, Scope, Objectives, Importance and Limitations of Financial Management, Finance Functions, Financial Forecasting and Time Value of money.

Unit - II : Pattern of Funds Requirements: Short Term, Medium Term and Long

Term Financial Planning, Financing for Tourism Development, Capitalization, Types of Securities and their evaluation from Income, Risk and Control point of view.

Unit - III : Capital Structure Planning: Approaches to Capital Structure, Objectives

and Determinants of optimum Capital Structure, Cost of Capital, Operating and Financial Leverage.

Unit - IV : Capital Budgeting: Process and Methods of Ranking Investment Proposals, Management of Corporate Debt-Equity, Dividend Decisions and Dividend Policy in practice.

Unit - V : Working Capital Management: Concept of Working Capital, Need and

Influencing factors, Estimation of Working Capital Requirements, Sources of Finance of Working Capital, Management of cash, Inventory and Accounts Receivables.

Suggested Readings :

1. Soloman Ezra : The Theory of Financial Management

2. John Dougles : Financial Planning for Corporate Growth

3. Khan and Jain : Financial Management

4. Srivastava, R.M. : Financial Decision-Making

5. Kutchal, S.C. : Principles of Financial Management

6. Chandra, P. : Fundamentals of Financial Management

7. Pandey, I.M. : Financial Management



HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

MTA - II Term

Max. Marks.-100

Sessional - 30

Examination - 70 OBJECTIVES

This course aims at acquainting the students with the meaning, need and signifcance of Human Resource Development, it’s techniques, procedures and management. Also education and training of human resource in tourism industry in the context of India’s requirement:

COURSE OUTLINE: UNIT - I: Human Resource Development, Concept, Role and Importance. Structure of HR

Department in Hotels, Airlines and Travel Agencies. Role of HR Manager in the dynamic business world. HR Scenario in Tourism Industry in 21st Century in India.

UNIT - II: Human Resource Planning - Meaning, Nature, Need and Importance, Process and

Objective. Job Analysis - Meaning, Process, Methods and Uses. Job Description, Job Specification, Job Design and Job Satisfaction.

UNIT - III: Instruments of Human Resource Development: Education, Training and Development, Job Enrichment, Career Planning and Development, Team Building, Leadership development, Recruitment and Selection procedures, Placement, Induction, Transfer and Promotion.

UNIT - IV: Working life and its quality: Working environment and conditions in Tourism

industry, Absenteeism and its causes, Grievances; Redressal procedure, Stress Management, TIme Management in the Tourism Industry.

UNIT - V: HRD in Tourism Industry: problems and grey areas, Causes of Gap between

Demand and Supply of Professionals in the Industry, Contribution of University Education in HRD in India, Professionalisation of Tourism Education and Training in India: need and importance.

REFERENCES :

1. Singh, Percy K. : HRM in Hotel And Tourism Industry: Existing

Trends and Practices.

2. Madhukar, Manoj : Human Resource Management in Tourism

3. Sheikh, A.M. : Human Resource Development and

Management

4. Ghosh, Biswanath : Human Resources Development and

Management

5. Ashwathappa, K. : Human Resource Management



ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

MTA - II Term

Max. Marks.-100

Sessional - 30

Examination - 70

OBJECTIVES

The course aims at acquainting the students with the meaning and concept of human behaviour at work in tourism organizations. Instructions imparted will aim at equipping the students with the fundamental principles of organizational behaviour to enable them identify, analyse and

solve the problems for harmonious relationship leading to higher productivity and job satisfaction.

COURSE INPUTS

UNIT - I : Organizational Behaviour: Nature Scope and Significance, Relationship between Management and Organizational Behaviour, Influence of Socio-Cultural factors on Organization, Perceptions, Attitudes, Values, Personality, Leaning and Job-Satisfaction, Transactional Analysis.

UNIT - II : Theories of Motivation: Need Theories, Goal Theory, Equity Theory,

Expectancy Theory, Leadership - Nature, Significance styles and Theories,

UNIT - III : Group dynamics-definition and importance, types of group, Group

Formation, Group Structure, Characteristics, Group Decision making, Team Development & Team Management, Conflict : Nature and Approaches to Management of Conflict.

UNIT - IV : Communication: Interpersonal, Organizational, Formal, Informal Oral and

Written; Human Efficiency, Fatigue, Physical and mental, Minimizing Fatigue Effects; Safety Measures and Accident Benefits, Productivity and Efficiency, Participative Management.

UNIT - V : Organization Culture, Organizational Effectiveness - Concept and

Approaches, Managerial Effectiveness, Determinants, Organizational Change - Concept nature and Process of Planned change, Resistance and its Management, Organizational Development Concept, Processes, OD techniques.

REFERENCES : 1. Davis, K. : Human Relations at Work : The Dynamics of

Organisational relation.

2. Davis, K. : Human Behaviour at Work : Organisational

Behaviour.

3. Gull, C.L. : Principles of Behaviour : An Analysis.

4. Ruskel, P.L. : Research in Human Behaviour.

5. Mc. Grath, J.E. Dwedi, R.S. : Human Relations and Organisational Behaviour.



QUANTITATIVE METHODS

MTA - II Term

Max. Marks.-100

Sessional - 30

OBJECTIVE Examination - 70

The course has been designed to acquaint the students with the basic statistical tests and techniques for tourism and travel industry.

COURSE INPUTS

UNIT - I : Indroduction : Significance of Quantitative Techniques in Tourism, Data Collection and Classification; Normal Frequency Distribution; Measures of Central Tendency, Measures of Variation and Skewness.

UNIT - II : Correlation and Regression Analysis : Nature and Significance of

Correlation, Methods of Studying correlation Graphic Method, Non-Graphic Method, Karl Pearson’s Rank and Concurrent Deviation Method.

Regression - Nature and Uses of Regression Analysis, Regression Equations (Two Variables only).

UNIT - III : Index Numbers : Meaning, types and use, Weighted aggregative

indices-Laspeyre’s, Paosch’s indices, Laspeyre’s and Paech’s indices compared, Indices of Weighted average of (Price-quantity) relative, Tests of adequecy, Special Problems-shifting the base, splicing overlaping index series, uses and Problems.

UNIT - IV : Analysis of Time Series: Nature, Components of Time Series,

Decomposition-Addictive and Multiplicative models, Measurement of Trends, Graphic Method, Method of Moving Averages and Method of Least Squares. (including Linear, second degree, parabolic and exponential trend)

UNIT - V : Probability Theory : Definition, events, counting rules and computation of

Probability, Addition and Multiplication Theorem, Bayes Theorem and exercise based on them.

Probability Distributions : Binomial, Poisson, and Normal, their Characteristics and Applications.

REFERENCES :

1. Pillai, R.S.N. : Statistics

2. Shukla, M.C. &Gulshan, S.S. : Statistics

3. S. Gujpate : Fundamentals of Statistics

4. Gupta, S.P. : Statistical Methods

5. Ahmad, M.M. : Introduction to Statistics

6. Gupta, C.B. : Statistical Methods



FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

MTA - II Term

Max. Marks.-100

Sessional - 30


The course has been designed to acquaint the students about the fundamentals of accounting so that they can analyse and interpret the financial statements of various business enterprises particularly related to tourism while discharging their duties as executives in Hotels, Travel Agencies and other Travel Trade Institutions.

COURSE INPUTS

UNIT - I : Indroduction to Accounting : Nature, Objectives, Concepts, Conventions and Principles of Accounting, Accounting Equation, Classification of Assets and Liabilities, Preparation of Journal, Ledger, Cash Book and Trial Balance.

UNIT - II : Preparation of Financial Statements : Preparation of Trading and Profit

and Loss Account (with adjustments) and Balance Sheet. Accounting for Hotel Companies and Travel Agencies.

UNIT - III : Analysis of Financial Statements : Meaning and Significance of

financial statement Analysis, Technique of Financial Statement Analysis - Ratio Analysis, Comparative Analysis, Trend Analysis, Funds Flow and Cash Flow Analyses.

UNIT - IV : Analysis, Concept and Classification of Cost : Basic Cost Concepts,

Cost Classification : fixed, variable and semi-variable, Elements of Cost - Material, Labour and Overhead Cost. Preparation of Cost Sheet. Break-even Analysis.

UNIT - V : Managerial Costing : Budget and Budgetary Control : Cash Budget,

Flexible Budget, Standard Costing and Variance Analysis. REFERENCES :

1. Maheshwari, S.N. : Financial Accounting

2. Ahmad Naseem : Financial Accounting

3. Jain, S.P. & Narang, K.L. : Cost Accounting

4. Shukla, M.C. & Grewal, T.S. : Cost Accounting

5. Sharma, R.K. & Gupta, S.K. : Management Accounting

6. Glautier and Underdown : Accounting Theory & Practice

7. Bhattacharya, Asish K. : Financial Accounting for Business Managers




MTA - II Term

Max. Marks.-100

Sessional - 30


The course shall be based on the Textbook, namely, Mauger’s “Course de Langue et de Civilisation Francaises”. The break-up of the units shall be as follows:

COURSE INPUTS

UNIT - I : Lecon 15 : Revision of Verbs ending in er, ir, oir, re. Parts of the House. Lecon 16 : Verbs in Passe Compose. Family and Relationships. UNIT - II : Lecon 17 : Negative and interogative of Verbs in Passe Compose. The

Verbs “metter” , “Prendre”. Parts of a Home - Dining Room, Kitchen equipment and Cutlery.

Lecon 18 : Le Passe Compose avec etve. Bedroom furniture, Bathroom equipment. The verbs “Aller” and “Venir”.

UNIT - III : Lecon 19 : Du, de la - des articles Partitifs. The berbs “Prendre”, “Boire”,

“Servir”. Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner. Lecon 20 : Le future (de 1 ‘ indficatif) future de verbes en ER, IR, ETRE,

AVOIR. The Newspaper. UNIT - IV : Lecon 21 : Future des verbes du third group. Verbs en IR, RRE, ER, -OIR.

Les vetements el ‘ homme. Lecon 22 : Le Future Proche. Les Vetements de femme, et des Bijoux. Lecon 23 : Le Passe recent. Les Verbes ecrire, lire, venir, sortir. Letters et

Passports. UNIT - V : Lecon 24 : Le verbes pronomial. ‘Se laver, etc. Le Toilette des Hommes et

des Femmes. Lecon 25 : Le Passe Compose d’un verbe prenomial. Setting off on a

Cruise.

REFERENCES : (Questions only from Mauger)

1. G. Mauger : Cours de langue et de civilisation Francaises; Hachette and

Goyal Publishers, Delhi, 2002. (Lecons 15-25 only)

(Question only from Mauger)

2. Espaces 1. : For Personal Improvement

M.T.A. (Second Term)



BUSINESS POLICY & SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

MTA - III Term

Max. Marks.-100

Sessional - 30


This course aims at integrating the knowledge acquired by the students in various concepts and components of strategic management in order to gain an understanding on the formulation and implementation of business policies :

UNIT - I INTRODUCTION: Nature, Objectives and Importance of Business Policy, Concept of Strategy and Strategic Management, Difference between policy & strategy, Process and level of strategic management, Approaches to strategic decision making.

UNIT - II ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS : Environmental Analysis, Characteristics and

need for environmental Analysis, components of environment, Economic, Political, Technological Socio-cultural and International, Environemtnal scanning, Approaches to environmental scanning, Organisational Appraisal and SWOT Analysis

UNIT - III FORMULATION OF STRATEGY : Vision, mission and goals, strategic alternatives - Generic strategies - cost leadership, Differential, Focus, Direction of strategies - Modernisation, Stability, Retrechment , Mechanism of strategies - Internal development, Joint venture, merger and acquisition.

UNIT - IV STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION : Concept and difference between formulation &

implementation, Functional implementation - structural, production, Financial, Human Resource and Marketing, Strategic Control - Strategic Control, Operational Control.

UNIT - V SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND BUSINESS POLICY : Corporate Culture and

Business ethics, Concept, nature and significance of social responsibility, Different views on social responsibility, Social responsibility in the Indian context, Integrating social responsibility with business policy.

REFERENCES :

1. Kazmi, A. : Business Policy (New Delhi : Tata Mc-Grew Hill,

1992.

2. Levin, H.J. : Business Organisation and Public Policy : A Book of

Reading, Holt, New York, 1958.

3. Cline, W.R. (ED) : Policy Alternatives for New International Economic

Order, Praeger Published, New York, 1979.

4. Ham Christopher : The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State,

Wheetsheet Books, Sussex, 1984.

5. Schellenberger, R. : Policy Formulation and Strategy Management: Text

and Cases, John Willey & Sons, New York, 1982.

6. Sontakki, S.N. : Strategic Management



MANAGEMENT OF TRAVEL AGENCY AND TOUR OPERATIONS

MTA - III Term

Max. Marks.-100

Sessional - 30

Examination - 70

OBJECTIVES

The course aims at acquainting the students with the prevalent provisions and procedures in travel and tour management, Organization structures, duties and administrative requirements will also be focused at.

COURSE INPUTS UNIT - I INTRODUCTION: Definition of Travel Agent and Tour Operators and distinction

between the two, History of travel agency system in India since the institution of Pandas to the present age; Changing status of travel agents and tour Operations; Rights, duties and nature of their activities; Role of Travel Agents and Tour Operators in the 21st century.

UNIT - II FUNCTIONS AND SERVICES: Functions of Travel Agents and Tour Operators,

Planning of sight-seeing and shopping; Preparation of Itineraries; Ticketing- Rail reservations and Airline reservations; Marketing of Tourism packages; Transportation, Accommodation and other auxiliary services; Providing professional knowledge and experience, foreign currency exchange, train schedules, airline tariff , Hotel rates and documentary requirements. Economies of Travel agency, Business and need for professional guidance. How to “sell” travel.

UNIT- III ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND LINKAGES: Organizational structure of travel Agents and Tour operators, How to form a Travel Agency & Linkages of the Travel Agents and Tour Operators with—( I) transporters (II) Accommodation

providers (III ) Rail and Airlines (IV) National and International Travel. Associations Job training for Guides etc.

UNIT - IV LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND INCENTIVES: Legal responsibilities of Travel Agents. Difficulties of Travel Agents. Incentives-- Remuneration and Earning; Familiarization Trips Important Guidelines and literature for Travel Agency business; State and Travel agency.

UNIT- V GOVERNMENT AND TOURISM: Important activities of the Central and State

Government for building the infrastructure of Tourism Industry with special reference to the Objectives, management, working and future prospects of: ( I) ITDC (II ) STDC.

REFERENCES :

1. Chatterjee : The Indian Travel Agent.

2. Jagmohan Negi : Travel Agent & Tour Operation.

3. Gunn, C.A. : Tourism Planning (2nd Ed.) Taylor and Rencies, New York,

1988.

4. Bhatre, A.K. : Tourism Development: Principles and Practice, Starling

Publishers, New Delhi, 1986.



PRICING POLICY & CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR

<MTA - III Term

Max. Marks.-100

Sessional - 30

Examination - 70

OBJECTIVES The Course aims at equipping the students with the basic skills of analysis and application the results to help solve problems of tourism pricing and consumer behaviour with special emphasis on the pricing aspects of tourism package, and its development. Local, regional and global aspects will also be covered to help develop critical and analytical reasoning with reference to Consumer Behaviour, Tourism Pricing and its Mechanism.

COURSE INPUTS

UNIT - I The Concepts of Price, Cost, Value and Profit, Price Mechanism, Elasticity: Price, Demand and Supply Framework, Techniques of Product Analysis and Pricing.

UNIT - II Concepts of Cost Break-Even Analysis in Pricing of Tourism Products and

Packages, Pricing of a Tourist Product and Tourism Packages, Pricing Methods - Cost Plus Pricing, Discrimination Pricing, Penertration Pricing, Marginal Cost/Variable Pricing, Unit Pricing.

UNIT - III Pricing and Income Policies - Critical Analysis of Pricing and Income

Policies of USA, Russia, West Asian, SAARC and EU Countries and their institutional Frame work.

UNIT - IV Introduction to Consumer Behaviour, Group Behaviour and Consumers in

their Social and Cultural Settings, Consumer Decision Making Process : Personal influence and the opinion leadership process, diffussion of innovations.

UNIT - V Consumer Behaviour Models - Economic, passive, Congnitive and

Promotional Models of Man, Nicosia, Howard Seth and Engel Kollet Bloctwell Models of Consumer decision making.

REFERENCES:

1. Koutsoyiannis, A. : Modern Micro-Economics

2. Paumol, W.J. : Economic Theory and Operations

3. Hicks, J.G. : Value and Capital

4. Lipsey, G. : An Introduction to Positive Economics.

5. Devis K. : Human Behaviour at Work, Organisational Behaviour

6. Dwivedi R.S. : Dynamics of Human Behaviour at work, HRs & OB.



LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAME-WORK OF TOURISM

MTA - III Term

Max. Marks.-100

Sessional - 30

Examination - 70

OBJECTIVES :

The purpose of this course is to provide the students basic knowledge of important laws useful for tourism sector in India.

COURSE INPUTS UNIT - I Laws Applicable to Tourism Industry : Distinction between the legal

status of a domestic tourist and an international Tourist; Right to Tourism as a fundamental right: Restrictions on foreigners and citizens to visit certain places; Contract between a tourist and a Tourism Manager offer, acceptance, consideration, consent, frustration, damages.

UNIT - II Arrival of an International Tourist : Applicability of Indian Laws,

Fundamental Rights of a foreign Tourist, Application of criminal laws; General Principles of Criminal Responsibilities, General Defences and Procedures, Indian Passport Act and Visa Responsibility.

UNIT - III Economic Laws & Tourism : International Tourist : Customs Act, Foreign

Exchange Management Act, Immigration Law, Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of smuggling Act.

UNIT - IV Stay of Tourist and Relevant Laws (I) : Salient features and important

provisions Motor Vehicle Act, Consumer Protection Act, 1986, Food Adulteration Act and Cyber Laws.

UNIT - V Stay of Tourist and Relevant Laws (II) : Salient Features and Important

provisions of laws relating to Water Pollution Control and Environment Pollution Control, Protection of Archaedogical sites and Ancient Monument Act.; Need of Central Tourism Legislation in India; Regulatory role of the Department of Tourism

REFERENCES :

1. Avtar Singh : Law of Contract.

2. M.P. Jain : Indian Constitution.

3. Bare Acts : (1) Indian Contract Act (2) Indian Panal Code (3) Indian Passport Act

(4) Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (5) Conservation of Foreign

Exchange Prevention of Smuggling Act (6) Protection of

Archaeological sites & Ancient Monument Act (7) Food adulteration

Act (8) Consumer Protections Act.

4. Economic Laws : Taxmann Publications, New Delhi.

5. Merchantile Laws : Taxmann Publications, New Delhi.



OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

MTA - III Term

Max. Marks.-100

Sessional - 30

Examination - 70

OBJECTIVES

The course is designed to develop skills in Operation Management and to train students to effectively shoulder their responsibilities in Operation and Management of Tourism Services at dynamic levels of efficiency and growth.

COURSE INPUTS

UNIT - I Operations Research: Meaning, Nature, Significance and scope; Origin of the science of Operation Management; Scope of Operation Research in Travel and Tourism, Steps in designing operations research studies; Models of Operation Research.

UNIT- II Linear Programming and its applications - Graphic Method and simplex method, Duality problem, Transportation and Assignment problems.

Introduction to other types of Programming : Goal programming, Integer programming, Dynamic programming, Non-linear programming (introductory only).

UNIT- III Waiting Line Models : Waiters and services, Mathematical distribution of queues, Basic models of queuing theory and applications in Tourism and Travel. Monte-Carlo Solutions.

UNIT - IV Inventory Control : Deterministic models and probabilistic models. Game Theory : Zero sum game, Pure and mix strategies, Criteria of sharing

strategies.

UNIT-V Net Work Analysis - Introduction to Critical Path Method (CPM) and Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), Application areas of PERT and CPM. Shortest route problems.

REFERENCES :

1. Charry, S.N. : Production and Operations Management, Mc-Graw Hill

Inc. 1991

2. Phillips, D.T. : Operations Research, John Willey 1976

3. Srivastava, U.K. : Quantitative Techniques for Managerial Decisions, Willey

Eastern Ltd. 1983

4. Weist, J.D. : A Management Guide to PERT/CPM, Prentice Hall of

India Pvt., Ltd., 1983

5. Shenoy, Srivastava, Sharma : Operations Research for Management

R.K. Gupta

6. Gupta and Sharma : Operations Research for Management




MTA - III Term

Max. Marks.-100

Sessional - 30

Examination - 70

OBJECTIVES

The course shall based on Mauger’s “Course de Langue et de Civilization Francaise”. The breakup of the units shall be as follows:

COURSE INPUTS

UNIT - I Lecon 26 : Plurals of Nouns; Elements of Travel. Lecon 27 : Plurals of Nouns; (Contd.) UNIT- II Lecon 28 : The plural of Adjectives; Formalities for Freshy Arrived Guests, etc. Lecon 29 : The imperative - ordering someone to do a task; Dealing with Taxi

drivers. UNIT- III Lecon 30 : Comparative expressions; Checking in at a Hotel. Lecon 31 : Superlative Expressions; Description of a Hotel Room. UNIT - IV Lecon 32 : The feminine of Adjectives; The breakfast. Lecon 33 : The feminine of Adjectives (Contd.); Important sights around Paris.

UNIT-V Lecon 34 : Feminine of Adjectives; Lunch at a Restaurant. Lecon 35 : Identifying the Subject and the Object in a sentence; Dinner dishes

and vines. REFERENCES :

1. G. Mauger : Course de langue et de civilization Francaises; Hachette and Goyal

Publishers, Delhi, 2002.

M.T.A. (Fourth Term)



MASTER OF TOURISM ADMINISTRATION

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN TOURISM

MTA - IV Term

Period /Week 4 Max. Marks.-100

Sessional - 30

Examination - 70

OBJECTIVES

The course aims at acquainting the students with the utility and use of computer in Tourism sector.

UNIT -I Management Information System : Concept of MIS, Structure, Basic Information Systems: Function and Role of MIS, Concepts of Decision Making and its Models.

System Analysis and Design : Introduction, system development, Life Cycle, Development of System Analysis Methods, Organization and Method, System Design.

UNIT - II Internet & E-Mail : Introduction : Computer Hardware, Software, Data Communications. Internet Services, Internet Addressing, Internet Protocols, World Wide Web (WWW), Internet / Web Browsing, Electronic Mail (e-mail).

Reservation & Networking Systems : Central Reservation Systems for Air Travel, Rail, Road Transport, Hotel etc.

UNIT - III Travel Business & Information Technology : The History of IT in Travel, Business, Travel and Entertainment, Leisure, Travel, Trade Bodies. Bsic Idea of Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN).

UNIT - IV Word Processing : Microsoft Windows, Windows Explorer, Control panel, paint brush, calculators, Window control buttons. Concept of word - processing, MS Word, creating the document with the word, Enhancing document with the word and Mail-merger. Working with MS Excel, Introduction to Spreadsheet,

UNIT - V E-Commerce: Introduction to E-Commerce, Features of E-Commerce, Strategic issues of E-Commerce and on line trading. Microsoft Power Point, Show time, Sound effect and animation effects, Using internet, downloading and Saving documents from internet and sending mails.

REFERENCES :

1. Gorden B. Devis : Management Systems Conceptual.

Marrethe H. Olsov : Foundation Structure and Development.

2. Ross and Murdick : Information System for Modern Management.

3. Kante Jerone : Management Information Systems, Management.

4. Gary Inkpen : Information Technology for Travel and Tourism.

5. Dennis P. Curtin, Kim Foly, Kunal Sen, Kathleen Morin : Information Technology.

6. Nance : Introduction to Networking, (11 Edition).

7. Internet Complete : BPB Publications.



TOURIST PRODUCTS OF INDIA

MTA - IV Term

Max. Marks.-100

Sessional - 30


The course aims at acquainting the students with varied tourist products with focus on their marketability to maximise income and gains to the benefit of tourism organizations and the tourists.

COURSE INPUTS

UNIT - I TOURISM PRODUCTS : Conceptual meaning of tourism products, why it is different from other types of consumer products? Elements and characteristics of Tourism Products, Tourism Production systems, Typology of Tourism products.

UNIT -II BACKGROUND OF TOURISM ELEMENTS: a. Natural Attraction - Jim Corbett Tiger Resort, Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, Kanha

National Park and Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, Sea beaches (Goa and Kerala).

b. Man Made Attraction: Tourism Circuits, Buddhist circuit, Desert circuit, Golden Temple, Taj Mahal, Red Fort of Delhi & Forts & Palace of Jaipur,

c. Socio-Cultural Attraction - Kullu Dushara, Cronel Festival of Jaisalmer, Nehru Boat Race of Kerala, Regional festivals including Durgapuja ofwest Bengal and Hemis Festival of Laddhak.

d. Indian Cuisane, Yage and Meditation Centres, Classical dances, folk dances and folk culture.

UNIT- III ACCOMMODATION: Classification of hotel types of hotels, food plans, National and lnternational Hotel choice of India and emergence of Heritage Hotels.

UNIT- lV TRANSPORTATION :

Various modes of transportation -

a. Airline Transportation- Air transport facilities, Control of fares and tariffs, Role of ICAO, IATA, IAAI, and Domestic Air Transport.

b. Surface Transport System -Travel agency and Tour operators, State and inter State bus and coach network, Tourist Coaches and Tourist cars. Connected documentation namely Regional Transport Authority, Insurance and Road Taxes.

c. Rail Transport Network -Rail Transport facilities, various steps taken by Railways to promote tourism, special schemes of packages available, palace on wheels & Royal orient. Facilities provided —Rail Yatri Niwas, Tourist Police, Railway Tourist Guides.

d. Water Transport Systems -Growth and development, Cruise Ships, Ferries, River & Canal Boats, Fly cruise - prospects of future growth of water transport in India.

UNIT- V SHOPPING FAClLITY: Souvenirs, Handi crafts of J & K, Rajasthan, U.P. & Delhi. Authorized shopping.

Emporiums and outlets at major tourist places like Agra.. Delhi & Jaipur.

REFERENCES :

1. Basham. A.L. : The wonder that was India, Rupa & Co, Calcutta, 1992 .

2. Brown, Percy : Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu Period) Taraporevala Sons &

Co Pyt. Lt. Bombay.

3. Cravern. R.C. : A. Concise History of Indian Art, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi,

1979 .

4. Khokar .M. : Splendors of Indian Dance, Himalayan Books, New Delhi 1988.

5. Milrison Alister : Hospitality and Travel Marketing) Delmar Publishing INC, N.York,1979.



HOSPITALITY AND RESORT MANAGEMENT

MTA - IV Term

Max. Marks.-100

Sessional - 30

Examination - 70

OBJECTIVES The objective of this course is to enlighten the students on the various issues involved in Hospitality and Resort Management. It will enable to develop and manage new resorts as well as to suggest effective strategies for healthy development of the already existing ones.

COURSE INPUTS : UNIT - I Concept, origin and growth of Hospitality industry - Role of hospitality in the

development of Tourism Industry, Hotel operations: Front office, F and B, House Keeping, Engineering, Horticulture, Personnel, Marketing and Accounts.

UNIT- II Hospitality Industry : Typology based on location and price, size and scope, nature of business, Structure of industry, Problems.

Service : Service quality concept, Service attributes, criteria of a good perceived service quality, service gap model, organizational culture in service.

UNIT- III Catering and drinking places, food services for conference and convention, transport, leisure services, retail food services, health care food services, club food services, fast food. Future trends in lodging and food services Industry in India.

UNIT - IV Tourism Resorts : Concept, types and Characteristics, Distinction between ‘Destination and resort’, Resorts Planning - concept, significance and scope, types, approaches and principles, Theoretical Frame work for formulating a Resort Plan. Resort planning in Indian Context: Critical review of the progress in destination and resort planning in India.

UNIT- V Role of tourism development agencies in resort planning and development, Resort development by multinationals in India, Scope for resort planning in India, Typology of Resorts and their development prospects, major advantages and constraints in resorts development.

REFERENCES :

1. P. Jones & Pizam : International Hospitality Industry (London)

2. Tim, Knowles : Hospitality Management : An Introduction (London)

3. Foster, Pennish : An Introduction to Hospital (Singapore)

4. Negi, J.M.S. : Tourism & Hoteliering

5. Bovy, Band & Mundueland Lawson : Tourism & Recreation Development, C.B.I. Pub. Company 1976.



TOURISM ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY

MTA - IV Term Max. Marks.-100

Sessional - 30

Examination - 70

OBJECTIVES The aim of this course is to give an insight to the students into the intimate relationship and cause and effect dimensions of the environment and ecology on tourism :

COURSE INPUTS :

UNIT - I Introduction : Meaning and Scope of ‘Ecology’, Biosphere, ecosystem, ecological pyramids, food-chains and food-web. Environment and its relation to

human survival and well-being. Growing importance of ecological education both for the citizens as well as foreign tourists. Environment - friendly life style. Sustainable development.

Man Environment relationship Over time : Stages of development and growing environmental imbalances. Limits to growth, Man-environment syndrome.

Contemporary environmental problems - air water and noise pollution, deforestation and degradation of natural areas, extinction of animals and plant species, Green house effect, depletion of Ozone layer, threat of atomic and other lethal warfares, energy syndrome and its multiplier effect.

UNIT- II Growing Concern for environmental/ecological conservation, Stress on environment oriented development programs. Need of consensus in global approach. The outcome of Earth Summit.

Prominent international organizations in the field of environmental protections preservation and conservation: IUCN, WWF, UNEP and ELC their functions and achievements.

UNIT- III State of India’s Environment - major problems, issues and grey areas, Problems of economic sustenance and nature conservation. Role of Government and Non-government organizations in environmental protection and conservation.

UNIT - IV Ecology, Environment & Tourism - Areas of conflicts, Symbiosis, mutualism and synergism. Tourism in various bio-geographic realism and specific situations of environmental concern, respect & abuse.

Tourism - Environment inter-relationship with the mountains, desert, forest, beach and island areas.

UNIT- V Quality, Recreation and Environmental Compatibility, concept of carrying - biophysical, socio-cultural and infrastructural, Cultural Ecology and Tourism, cost-benefits. Impact of hard and soft tourism on natural and cultural environment - Impact, evaluation at micro and micro levels.

REFERENCES :

1. G. Tayler Miller Jr. : Environmental Science, An Introduction II Edition. (Publisher : Wordsworth Publishing Company, USA) 2. Charles Southwick : Ecology and the quality of our environment. (Publisher D. Von-Nostrand Co.) 3. Martin Woodcock : Collins Handguide to the birds of the Indian Sub-Continent. (Publisher

Collins, London). 4. S.H. Prater : The bock of Indian Animals. (Publisher B.N.H.S. Bombay). 5. P.D. Stracey : Wildlife in India (Publisher : Ministry of Food, Agr., C.D. & Coop. Govt. of

India, New Delhi). 6. Sharma P.D. : Ecology and Environment, Restage & Publications Meerut.



ADVENTURE TOURISM

MTA - IV Term

Max. Marks.-100

Sessional - 30

Examination - 70

OBJECTIVES The course aims at acquainting the students with the varied aspects of adventure tourism, its supporting factors, prospects and problems.

COURSE INPUTS : UNIT - I Introduction : Definition, Scope, Trends and Opportunities in Adventure

Tourism, Adventure in present context : inter relationships between adventure, recreation, leisure and pleasure, Beginning of Adventure Tourism in India.

UNIT- II Contemporary Trends in Adventure Tourism : Types of activities in practice and the emerging area, mountaineering, Trekking, skiing, Aero sports, Wildlife tourism and Desert Safaris, Geographic diversities and opportunities for adventure activities in India.

UNIT- III Potential and Existing status of land based adventure activities in India: Mountaineering, Rock Climbing, Trekking, Skiing, Skating, Car rallies and Wildlife oriented activities.

UNIT - IV Water based Adventure: River-running-rafting canoeing, Kayaking, Skiing, Yachting, Surfing, Underwater activities (Marine).

Air based Adventure (Aero sports): Hang gliding, Ballooning, Para jumping and Air Trekking, Space Tourism.

UNIT- V Planning and Development Perspectives: Major thrust areas, Organizations and Institutions promoting Adventure Tourism in India; Future Prospects of Adventure Tourism - Indian and International contexts.

REFERENCES:

1. Satyendra Singh Malik : Adventure Tourism.

2. Rowe, Ray : White Water Kayaking, Salamaander Book (London)

3. Bedi, Ramesh : Indian World Life, Brijberi Printers, New Delhi.

4. Law, B.C. : Mountains and Rivers of India, Culcutta.




MTA - IV Term

Max. Marks.-100

Sessional - 30

Examination - 70

OBJECTIVES

The course shall based on the following chapters in Mauger’s “Course de Langue et de Civilization Francaises”. The breakup of the units shall be as follows :

COURSE INPUTS : UNIT - I Lecon 36 : Le Pronoms Possessifs Searching for Accomodation. Descriptions of Apartments, Houses. Lecon 37 : Le Pronoms Personnels. Description of An Apartment especiallyu

the Salon.

UNIT- II Lecon 38 : L’Object Indirect. Les Pronoms Personnel Objects Indirects. Parts of athe study or Le Cabinet de Travail.

Lecon 39 : Pronoms Personnels (Contd.) La Salle a Manger et la Cuisine.

UNIT- III Lecon 40 : L conjugation de : mener, peser, lever, acheter. (i) Anx trois personnes de singulars et a la troisieme personne du pluriel du present (ii) a la denxieme personne du singulier de 1’ imperatif. (iii) a toutes less personnes du futur.

L’epicerie, les legumes et les fruits. Lecon 41 : Le feminin des Noms. La Boucherie, la charcuterie, la poissonnerie.

UNIT - IV Lecon 42 : La conjugation des Verbs en AYER, AYER, UYER. Le feminin des noms.

Les Merchands du Quertier. (Washing and cleaning)

UNIT- V Lecon 44 : L ’Imparfiat de de L ‘indicatif (la duree) La poste. Lecon 45 “: L ‘Imparfiat de de L’ indicatif (la repetition), Das les grands

magasins.

REFERENCES :

1. G. Mauger : Course de langue et de civilization Francaises; Hachette and Goyal Publishers, Delhi, 2002.

(Questions only from Mauger)

2. Espaces 1. : (For Personal Improvement)

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