LEDS Global PartnershipClean Transport Development Webinar SeriesOverview of Planning and Financing Sustainable Low‐

Carbon Urban Transport

Dr. Benoit LefevreDirector of Transport and Climate Program, CEP – EMBARQ, WRI

www.LEDSGP.org

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Low Emission Development Strategies Overview

The Low Emission Development Strategies (LEDS) Global Partnership is a partnership of more than 100 countries and international programs enhances coordination, information exchange, and cooperation to advance climate‐resilient low emission growth. 

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Please visit www.ledsgp.org to learn more about the Partnership or  to become a member.

Transport is a key part of 

Sustainable & low‐carbondevelopment strategies

Locally & Nationally & Globally

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Page 5Photo copyright Ko Sakamoto

Page 6Photo copyright Ko Sakamoto

Case of BangkokCo

sts a

s % of regiona

l GDP*

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*Median Estimate

Source: World Bank, 2002

Energy Consumption

8Source: IEA, 2012

Per Capita CO2 and Per Capita PM Emissions

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Fuel Subsidies: A real win‐win situation

10Source: IEA, 2008

300 billion US Dollar on fuel subsidies in 2008 (UNEP)

6% global GHG reduction by abolishment of fuel subsidies

LinkingLow‐Carbon Transport 

Planning &

Financing

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Local GDP Motorization rate Car use Energy consumption

Offer transportation and infrastructure?

• Transport energy consumption and GHG emission can not be analyzed independently of urban transport and land use characteristics

• Parameters without spatial dimension are not enough

Be careful with quick easy simplification 

First Level of Analysis: Macro‐urban

13Source: Newman & Kenworthy

Average Density ‐ Energy Consumption

The Urban Structure

14Source: Bertaud, 2001

Spatial distribution 1) Travel2) Population

The Urban Structure

15Source: Bertaud, 2001 

Spatial distribution 1) Travel2) Population

The Urban Structure

16Source: Bertaud, 2001 

What can be done ? 

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Atlanta or Barcelona?

18Source: Bertaud, 2001 

Atlanta BarcelonaPopulation 2,5 million 2,9 million

Size 4280 km2 162 km2

Public + Private Transport Emissions

7,5 t CO2/ha/an 0,7 t CO2/ha/an

Integrated Approach 

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????

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Integrated Approach 

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Tools helping• To make the right policy decision• To implement the taken decision (strategy design)

Tools exist !

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Importance of Tools

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• Software is free to access• Widely used

– North America– South America– Europe– Japan– United States Environmental Protection Agency– World Bank

• Two Examples:– Brussels– Rio de Janeiro 

TRANUS

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Tools helping• To make the right policy decision• To implement the taken decision (strategy design)

Tools exist !

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Stakeholders Map & distribution of capacity to act

Power producers NYISO

Transmissionsystem operators

customers

NYS ReliabilityCouncil

NYS PublicService

Commission

ESCOs/DNOs

U.S. Federal EnergyRegulatory

Commission

New York State EnergyResearch & Development

AuthorityNew York City

NYS Governor/State Energy Plan

NYSLegislature

customers

Other cities/businesses/NGOs

Operating Rules & Authority

Dispatch ordersconsultation onpolicy andoperations

reliability rules

lobbyingon policy

overarching visionand policy

policyoperating rules

operating rules

bilateral deals

negotiateddeals

systembenefitchargeallocations

lobbyingon policy

submit bids &scheduling needs Advisory

Boardmembercomments

system benefitcharges payments

Dispatch orders

"intervenor" commentsin regulatory proceedings

negotiateddeals

systembenefitchargeallocations

electricitysales

policy

education/advocacy campaignsPower purchase agreement (w/New York Power Authority)

wholesale deals

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Stakeholders Map & distribution of capacity to act

Source: Lefevre, 2009 

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Wedge Analysis 

Source: GLA, 2004

Accessing Climate Finance 

to Shift Current Financial Flows

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Annual Global Transport Investment by Source

Source: Sakamoto et al., 2010 

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Sources of Global Transport Spending (2012)

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Carbon finance as an incentive not as a silver bullet!

National Finance 

ODA(e.g. GEF)

Carbon Finance

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Carbon finance as an incentive not as a silver bullet!

Name Acronym Year Created Admin Total

SpendingTotal Spent on

Transport Proportion

MULTILATERALGlobal Environment

FacilityGEF 1991 WB $4.5 billion $292.5 million 6.5%

Clean Technology Fund CTF 2008 WB $2.3 billion $361 million 15.7%Global Climate Change

AllianceGCCA 2007 EC $368 million $10 million 2.7%

IDB Sustainable Energy and Climate Change

InitiativeSECCI 2007 IDB $58.7 million $5.2 million 8.9%

ADB Climate Change Fund

CCF 2008 ADB $43.3 million Unknown Unknown

ADB Clean Energy Fund (Partnership Facility)

CEF(PF) 2007 ADB $72.3 million $900,000* 1.2%

Partnership for Market Readiness

PRM 2012 WB $5.25 million Unknown Unknown

BILATERALInternational Climate

InitiativeICI 2008 BMU $1.06 billion $20.49 million 1.2%

Japan Fast Start Fund Initiative

n/a 2009 JICA $13.2 billion Unknown Unknown

*Estimated

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The Big Picture

Source: Adopted from Sakamoto, et al 2010

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Financial Strategy

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Seven Components of Readiness

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• Attract the private market

• Focus on institutional capacity

• Plan early and upstream

• Develop a financial strategy

• Gather good data

Five Most Important Readiness Actions

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• Transport is a key part of sustainable & low‐carbon development strategies

• Low‐carbon transport planning & financing• Tools exist • Accessing climate finance to shift current financial flows

Summary/Conclusions

Website Speaker Secretariat

www.ledsgp.org Benoit LefevreWRI

blefevre@wri.org+1 (202) 729‐7722

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Sadie Cox (sadie.cox@nrel.gov) 

Ron Benioff (ron.benioff@nrel.gov) 

Contacts and Information Resources

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