clean coal technology in japan
TRANSCRIPT
Takayuki Takarada
Division of Environmental Engineering ScienceGraduate School of Science and Technology
Gunma UniversityJAPAN
Clean Coal Technology in Japan
Clean Coal Day 2016
47% 37%
Reference: World Energy Outlook 2002, 2004, 2007–2012, 2014
World primary energy demand by source World power generation by source
Mto
e
Mto
e
Global Primary energy demand and power generation by sources
Coal is known as very important energy resource that has the characteristics distributed over a wide
area and stable low price relatively, compared with others energy resources.
Coal shares will be about 25% in Global Primary energy demand and about 40% in Global power
generation in 2035.
29% 24%
1
Importance of Coal in EAS Region for electricity demand
■ Based on the data by IEAGHG, coal will remain the dominant power source in the EAS(East Asia Summit) Region Coal will continue to supply more than half of electricity in the EAS region by 2035. Capacity addition of coal-fired power stations are significant notably in China, India and ASEAN countries.
Share of coal-fired power stations in the EAS region Coal-fired power generation by country
Source) Compiled from IEA statistics
Reference: John Gale, IEA GHG, JCOAL CCT Seminar 2014
2
3
Steam coal importCoking coal importSteam coal productionCoking coal export
Coal imports and production in Japan 1965 – 2010
108 t/year
AcademicUniversityInstitute
Etc.
PROPERTY OF
CCT development has been strongly supported by Japanese Government, User, Maker and Academic.
MakerHeavy
IndustryPlant
EngineeringMachinery
etc.
User Utility
ChemicalSteelPaperetc.
METINEDO
JOGMECetc.
National Funded Energy DevelopmentStart Era. 1966 Large industrial technology R&D Program1974 Sunshine Program1980 NEDO established1978 Moonlight Program1993 New-Sunshine Program
Embodied CCT development in Japan has realized abundant innovated technologies.
Commercialized enlarged CCTUSCIGCCPFBCCFBCEnvironmental Protection ProcessCoal Liquefaction ProcessNew Cokes ProductionNPS Cement Processand etc.
Carbon Capture Technologies
Clean-up of synthesis gas for IGFC
CO2 emissions reduction in iron andsteel industry (COURSE50 Project)
NEDO ProjectsIGCC (EAGLE STEP 1) 2006
Low carbonization in iron and steel
industry
Low carbonizationin coal-fired
power generation Development of CO2capture
technology
Improvement of power
generation efficiency
CO2 capture & emissions
reduction
Utilization of low rank coal
Drying & upgrading
Consideration of business model/Demonstration abroad
2017
2014
2030
2035
2030 - 2050
Establishment ofTechnology (Year)
Chemical/physical absorption(EAGLE STEP 2 & 3)
Oxy-fuel IGCC
Chemical looping combustion
Development of Clean Coal Technology by NEDO
Entrained flow steam gasification 2030
5
DOT：500 g-CO2/kWhEIB： 550 g-CO2/kWh
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
[g-C
O2/k
Wh]
1195
967907 889
958864 806
695476
375
China U.S. Germany WorldIndia Coal Fired（Japan）
USC IGCC IGFC Oil（Japan）
LNG（steam）
LNG（gas turbine combined）
Reference ：Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry（2009）、CO2 Emissions Fuel Combustion (2012)
Even most efficient coal fired thermal power generation discharge about 2 times CO2 compared to LNG-Fired.
Coal fired thermal power generation needs Improvement of the efficiency and introduction carboncapture utilization and storage (CCUS).
6
Comparison CO2 emission by power generation
Coal Fired thermal powerin the World
Coal Fired thermal powerin Japan
Reduction by CCS
Coal Power with CCS
High Efficient power generation technologies
65％
60％
55％
50％
45％
40％
Photos by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Joban Joint Power Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd., and Osaki CoolGen Corporation
Gas Turbine Combined Cycle (GTCC)Efficiency: 52%CO2 emissions: 340 g/kWh
Power generation efficiency
GTFC
IGCC（Verification by blowing air)
A-USC
Ultra Super Critical (USC)Efficiency: 40%CO2 emissions: 820 g/kWh
1700 deg. C-class IGCC
1700 deg. C-class GTCC
IGFC
LNG thermal power
Coal-fired thermal power
2030Present
I t t d l G ifi ti C bi dCycle (IGCC)
Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)
Efficiency: 46 to 50%CO2 emissions: 650 g/kWh (1700 deg. C class)Target: Around 2020
Efficiency: 46%CO2 emissions: 710 g/kWhTarget: Around 2016
Ad d Ult SCritical (A USC)
Advanced Ultra Super Critical (A-USC)
I t t d C l G ifi ti F lCell Combined Cycle (IGFC)
Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel Cell Combined Cycle (IGFC)
Efficiency55%CO2 emissions: 590 g/kWhTarget: Around 2025
G T bi F l C ll C bi dCycle (GTFC)
Gas Turbine Fuel Cell Combined Cycle (GTFC)
Efficiency: 63%CO2 emissions: 280 g/kWTechnological establishment: 2025
Efficiency : 57%CO2 emissions: 310 g/kWhTechnological establishment: Around 2020
yUltrahigh Temperature Gas Turbine Combined Cycle
Efficiency: 51%CO2 emissions: 350 g/kWhTarget: Around 2017
Advanced Humid Air Gas (AHAT)
Around 2020
yReduction of CO2
by 20%
Reduction of CO2 by 30%Reduction of CO2 by
10%
* The prospect of power generation efficiencies and discharge rates in the above Figure were estimated based on various assumptions at this moment.
Reduction of CO2 by 20%
7
Power-generatingtechnology Outline and characteristics of technology
Technological establishment
(Year)
Transmission end
efficiency(％ HHV)
CO2 discharge rate
(G-CO2/kWh)
① USC - high temperature and pressure steam generated by a boiler.- Long experience & reliability 1995 - 40 820
② A-USC - higher temperature and pressure steam turbine than USC.- Advanced type of USC with heat resistant materials. 2016 46 710
③ AHAT - A single gas turbine power generation using humid air.- suitable for medium and small turbines 2017 51 350
④ GTCC(1700 dig. C class)
- combined cycle power generation technology using a gas turbine and a steam turbine. 2020 57 310
⑤ IGCC(1700 deg. C class)
- A combined cycle power generation technology through coal gasification and combination of a gas turbine with a steam turbine. 2020 46 - 50 650
⑥ GTFC - A triple combined power generation technology combining GTCC with fuel cells. 2025 63 280
⑦ IGFC - This is a triple combined power generation technology combining IGCC with fuel cells. 2025 55 590
⑧ Innovative IGCC（Steam entrained bed gasification)
- adds steam to gasification furnace on the IGCC system.- reduces oxygen ratio and increases cold gas efficiency.
Steam gasification + dry refinement
2030Highly-efficient oxygen
separation2030～
57 570
⑨ Closed IGCC (CO2-capturing next-generation IGCC)
- circulates CO2 contained in exhaust gas as an oxidant throughout a gasification furnace or gas turbine. 2030 or later
42After CO2capture
－
8
Power generating technologies
Pulverized Coal Fired Power Generation Technology (Ultra Super Critical Steam)
Technical SummaryThis method ejects and burns pulverized coal in a furnace, generates high temperatures and pressure steam using a boiler, and then rotates the turbine with the steam to generate electricity.
CharacteristicsAs an extremely reliable and established technology, about half of domestic coal-fired thermal power generation plants (base on installed capacity), which is as high as approximately 19.60 million kW, use this technology.
Timing of technological establishment1995 or later
CO2 discharge rateApproximately 820 g-CO2/kWh
Transmission end efficiency (HHV)Approximately 40%
CostApproximately 250 thousand yen/kW
(The power generation cost verification WG of the Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy, May 2015)
Isogo Thermal Power Plant (Source: J-POWER’s web sit
(Source: JCOAL Japanese Clean Coal Technology (2007))
Pulverizedcoal
CoalST
Pulverized coalBoiler
Condenser
Generator
Air
Steam
Exhaust gas
Feed Pump
Mill
Slug
Low carbonization in coal-fired power generationImprovement of power generation efficiency
USC
10
World highest level of Power Generation Efficiency in Japan
Efficiency is better than the other major countriesmore than 10 to 30%
Ave. Gross Thermal Efficiency of Coal Fired Unit (LHV)
J-POWERJapanGermanyEnglandUSAAustraliaChinaIndia
CO2 Emission (Ave. in Japan)
Coal Oil LNG
Isogo Thermal Powerin Japan
Trend of the Power Generation Efficiency in major countries
11
The highest level of thermal efficiency and the lowest CO2 emissions by USC.
The longest history of utilizing USC technology. Impressive track record of thermal efficiency as well as high load factor
by lots of O&M experience.
2020Year
201520102005200019951990
Japan
China
Korea
Taiwan
Indonesia
2015
1993
2006
2008
2016
Long historyof USC experience
According to METI FS research 2010 & 2011.
EU 2002
2015
Gross thermal efficiency (%, HHV)
Coal-fired power plant in Japan
Coal-fired power plant in a country
Years in operation
Maintaining High Efficiency
Degradation of Efficiency
◆
According to The Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan
USC and O&M experience in Japan
12
Capital cost per kWh depends on load factor. Proper O&M is essential to maintain load factor high.
Fuel cost per kWh depends on net thermal efficiency. High-efficiency plant helps.
USC plant properly managed would deliver lower power generation cost in the long-term.
Load factorUSC: 80% from “Estimated power generation costs by power source”, Cost Verification Committee, JapanSub-C: 73% from the presentation of BEE, Power Plant Summit 2014：CII DelhiNet thermal efficiency USC: 40% from “Evaluation of Life Cycle CO2 Emission of Power Generation Technologies,” CRIEPI, JapanSub-C: 26% from “International comparison of fossil fuel power generation efficiency”, ECOFYS, 2013 (However the figure as gross)
0
1
Capital Cost O&M Cost Fuel Cost Total Cost
USCExisting Sub-C
Fuel costImported coal: USD69/t from the report of JOGMEC, 2015, Japan
(Per kWh)
13
Technical summaryThis is a highly efficient power generation technology thatincreased the steam temperature of the steam turbineto 700 deg. C and higher as a further temperature increasing technology based on USC.
CharacteristicsThis technology achieves 46% of the power generation efficiency(transmission end efficiency, HHV) almost without changing the conventional pulverized coal-fired thermal power generation system.
Timing of technological establishmentAround 2016
CO2 discharge rateApproximately 710 g-CO2/kWh
Transmission end efficiency (HHV)Approximately 46%
Target costTo achieve a power generation unit cost
equivalent to that of conventional turbine
Boiler
35MPa, 700℃
Steam Turbine
720℃720℃
(Source: The material for the 1st Next-generation Thermal Power Generation Council (A-USC development promotion committee) (June 2015))
High-temperature and large-diameter piping material(Provided by Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation)
Low carbonization in coal-fired power generationImprovement of power generation efficiency
A-USC
14
Coal Gasification
Scaling up of IGCC with the results from EAGLE Project
Subsidized by METI until Mar.2016 and NEDO from Apr. 2016
166MW IGCC plant
Syngas Treatment
IGCC : Osaki CoolGen (OCG) Demonstration Project
15
SteamAir separation unit
CoalAir
Oxygen
CO₂ transportationand storage processes
Shift reactor
CO2 Capture Technology
CO2 Capture TechnologyIGCC Gas clean-up facilities
CO2, H2
Ｈ２
Compressor
Steamturbine
Gasturbine
AirGenerator
Stack
HRSG (heat recovery steam generator)
Gasifier
Gas
ifica
tion
Combustor
Fuel Cell
Fuel cell
Syngas (CO, H2)CO2
H2 rich gas
Osaki CoolGen (OCG) Demonstration Project
16
17
PDU HYCOL EAGLE OCG
A Brief History of Development of IGCC, IGFC in Japan
CoalFeedRate
Output
[t/day] [MW]
2 ―
200 ―
1,700 250
1 ― Lab. (HYCOL)50 ― (EAGLE)
150 ―
1,180 166
PP: Pilot Plant Supported by NEDODP: Demonstration Plant
MethodYear
'80 '85 '90 '95 '00 '05 '10 '15
AirBlown
Lab.PP
DP
'20
DP
OxygenBlown
PPPP
(CommercialOperation)
10 11 13 15‘09 12 14 16 17 18 19 20 21
IGCC optimizationfeasibility study
2nd StageCO2 Capture IGCC
1st StageOxygen‐blown IGCC Design ,Construction Operations testing
Design, ConstructionFS
Design, Construction
Operations testing
FS
22
Operations testing
3rd StageCO2 Capture IGFC
CO2 capture IGCC is to be demonstrated with the result from EAGLE Project.IGFC will be demonstrated with the result from the basic research of syngas clean-up.
The schedule for OCG Demonstration project
18
Overview of Nakoso Air‐blown IGCC demonstrationand commercial plant
Nakoso250MW IGCC
Nakoso IGCC demonstration is concluded with great successThe first commercial IGCC in Japan Total gasification hour : 31,900hrContinuous operation hour : 3,917hr (World record as of 2016.6)
Main specificationoutput 250MW(gross)gasifier Air-blown,dry-feedAGR MDEAGT M701DA(1 on 1)thermal efficiency
42%(LHV,net)
scheduleoperation start 2007.9commercialization 2013.6
IGCC Plants ‐ Fukushima Revitalization Power 540MW×2 ‐
© 2016 MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. All Rights Reserved.
Major SpecificationOutput 540 MWgross×2 TrainsGasifier Air-blown Dry FeedGas Clean-Up MDEAGas Turbine M701F4 GT (1 on 1)
Schedule2014. 5 Environmental Impact Assessment Started2014. 8 Engineering Work Started2016.10 Site Mobilization (Scheduled)Operation (Scheduled)
2020.9 Nakoso IGCC2021.9 Hirono IGCC
Hirono 540MW IGCC(Completion Image)
Source : TEPCO Homepage – Supplement added by MHPS
Nakoso #10 250MW IGCC(COD : 2013.4)
Nakoso 540MW IGCC(Completion Image)
Source : TEPCO & Joban JPC Homepages – Supplement added by MHPS
21
Unreacted char is burned with air
High temperature bed materials are circulated
Circulation
Steam gasification
Combustor
Gasifier
Fuel
SteamAir
(heat emission)
・Atmospheric pressure・Low temperature
(heat absorption)
・Components of TIGAR are based on mature Fluidized Bed technology・The low grade material (lignite, biomass) can be gasified,
and applied to chemical raw material, fuelApplicable Fuel
Coal (lignite)
Wood
Bark
Palm Waste
Bagasse
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
TIGAR process (Low rank coal and biomass)
22
Shift Reaction
Synthesis
Synthesis
Liquefaction
Methanol
CH4
H2
PRODUCTS APPLICATIONS
Transportation fuel
Chemical Raw Material
GT,GE fuel(Power generation)
Fuel cellAmmonia(NH3)(Raw materials)
SyntheticNatural Gas
CO+H2
Gas
Liquid
Dimethylether
SYNGAS (CO+H2)
High CO+H2
High Calorific N2-free
APPLICATIONS OF TIGAR®
TIGAR® process can convert low rank coal into various fuels with high calorific value and high value-added chemical raw materials.
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
Characteristics of TIGAR
23
2004~ 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Basic Test 6TPD Pilot Plant
50TPD Prototype Plant EPC Demonstration Test
CommercialPlant
at presentJapanese Government (METI*) Support
*Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Lab Scale Testing
Bench ScaleTesting
Pilot PlantTesting
Prototype Plant Testing
CommercializedScale
Tests of basic reaction rate@IHI Yokohama
Tests of continuous operation@IHI Yokohama
Tests of gasification performance@IHI Yokohama
Tests of overall process long operation performance@PTIGI Indonesia
At Present
Batch 0.1T/D 6T/D 50T/D 300～1000T/D
TIGAR×4units (1reserve)
Coal feed : 3000 T/D
(Substantially NH3 : 1000 T/D)
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
Development of TIGAR
NEDO Support
24
＜Plant site＞
＜50t/d 3D bird’s view＞
Purpose
＜50t/d plant spec＞
①Check the maintenance durability in long operation （Total 4,000 hr operation）using Indonesia lignite.
②Confirmation of TIGAR performance and reliability, and reflect in commercial plant engineering.
③Demonstration of TIGAR gasification technology for future clients.
Coal feed rate 50 t/d （as received, 43% moisture）
Syngas output 1,800 m3N/h-dry
Steam generation
4.5 t/h (2.0MPaG,513deg.C)
Site area 100m × 80m
Jakarta
IHI Cilegon factory
PT Pupuk Kujang(About 75km from Jakarta)
Java, INDONESIA
Easy accessfor site visit
Easy accessfor maintenance
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
50t/d Demonstration at Indonesia
50 feasibility studies for 24 countries conducted since 2011 High efficiency coal-fired power plants (USC etc): 22 Utilization of low rank coal (gasification, upgrading, drying): 16
Number by country and by item
Hig
h-ef
ficie
ncy
coal
-fir
ed p
ower
pla
nt
Util
izat
ion
of
low
rank
coa
l
The
othe
rs
Tota
l
Asia
Pac
ific
Mongolia 2 2China 1 4 5Taiwan 1 1Vietnam 2 1 3Thailand 1 1Indonesia 5 7 12Myanmar 1 1India 1 1 2Sri Lanka 2 2Kazakhstan 2 2Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyz 1 1Uzbekistan and Tajikistan 1 1Kyrgyz 1 1Australia 1 2 3
Euro
pe a
nd A
mer
ica USA 1 1 2
Canada 1 1Poland 2 2Bulgaria 2 2Turkey 1 1Hungary, Romania and Serbia 1 1Hungary 2 2Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 1Brazil 1 1
Total 22 16 12 50
NEDO FS projects (business model/Demonstration)
25
＜Purpose＞ This research is to study conceptual design and project scheme of IGCC project by using low rank coal (lignite) produced in Thailand, which contains high moisture, sulfur with the characteristic of low ash melting temperature.Research includes coal sampling, tests and study of potential to reducegreenhouse gas (CO2) emissions and other environmental impacts.
＊IGCC：Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle
＜Duration＞ June, 2015 － March, 2016
＜Participants＞Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd., Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.
Research for Project Development Using High‐efficiency Coal Utilization Systems ／Research for Developing Low Rank Coal firing IGCC Plant in Thailand
Contents
Local low rank coal mine
＜Summary＞ This research is to study conceptual design and project scheme of IGCC project by using bituminous coal produced in Poland, which contains high ash content with the characteristic of high ash melting temperature.Research includes coal sampling, tests and study of potential to reducegreenhouse gas (CO2) emissions and other environmental impacts.
＜Investigation period＞ September, 2015 － June, 2016＜Contractors＞ Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd., Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.
NEDO Project Formation Research on High‐efficiency CCTProject Formation Research for Bituminous Coal Firing IGCC in Poland
content
Reduced CO2 Emission
IGCC：Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle
Steel industry for CO2 Breakthrough Program (from 2003.10)
EuropeUltra Low CO2 Steelmaking
ULCOSKorean
ProgramJapan
Program
AustraliaProgram
North AmericanProgram
South AmericanProgram
Coal-based direct reductionprocess(University collaboration base)
COURSE50,CO2 Storage program etc.
Heat Recoveryfrom moltenslag etc.
aqueous ammoniabase chemicalabsorptionmethod etc.
Hisarna(smeltingreduction) etc.(Ulcos BF :freezed)
Biomass etc.
BFG①Iron Ore
②
③
Ref
orm
er
Heat
⑤
⑥
④
Coke oven
Coke
Blastfurnace
Pig
iron
Coke oven
CokeCokemaking plant
Blastfurnace
BFGCOG
Pig iron
Fuel
Iron ore
Conventional steelmaking technology
Steelmaking technology under development
CO2emissions100%
Subjects(1) Suitable ore preparation
and coke-making for reduction with H2 (①②) / Reforming of coke oven gas to increase H2 ratio (③) /Utilization of H2 to partly replace coke for reduction of iron ore in blast furnace (④), (Reduction of CO2 by 10%)
(2) Utilization of unused heat in plant (⑤) / Efficient CO2capture from blast furnace gas (BFG) (⑥).(Reduction of CO2 by 20%)
CO2emissions
70%
(2) CO2 Capture(1) CO2 Emissions Reduction
Realization & Dissemination2030 - 2050
Target Cost of CO2 CaptureUSD 40/t-CO2 → USD 20/t-CO2
H2: 70%
H2: 50%
CO2 emissions reduction (COURSE50 Project)
A technology which could reduce CO2 emissions from steelmaking plant by 30%.
29
Schedule of ＣOURSE50 Project
(2008～12) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018～27 2030～50
Test operation,Data analysis
Construction of test blast furnace (10 m3)
Improvement of chemical absorbent
Improvement of physical adsorption Study on scale-up
Study on utilizationof unused heat Engineering
Phase 2Step 1 Step 2
Development of element technology
DemonstrationRealizationDissemination
PresentYear
Phase 1
CO2 emissions reduction from blast furnace
Development of CO2 capture technology
Development of highly efficientheat exchanger to recover low-level unused heat
Reduction of CO2capture energyImprovement of physical
structure of adsorbent
COURSE50: CO2 Ultimate Reduction in Steelmaking process by innovative technology for cool Earth 50
CO2 low emission
Around 2030Present Around 2020
CO2 separation and capture cost
Membrane separation methodseparates by using a membrane which penetrates CO2 selectively.
Low
High
use a solvent, such as amine.Separation and capture cost: 4200 yen/t-CO2
Chemical absorption method
Physical absorptionmethod
Physical absorption methodCO2 absorbed into a physical absorption solution under high pressure.Separation and capture cost: Approximately 2000 yen level/t-CO2Around 2020
Oxygen combustion methodrecirculates highly concentrated oxygen in exhaust gas.Separation and capture cost: 3000 yen level/t-CO2
Storage of CO2 Storage of CO2
To store separated and captured CO2 in the ground. practical realization of CCS technology by around 2020.
The plant for this business is under construction, and the storage will be initiated in 2016.
Utilization of CO2Utilization of CO2
This technology utilizes captured CO2 to produce valuables such as alternatives to oil and chemical raw material
Solid absorbent methodreduces energy requirement and separate CO2 by combining amine, etc.
* The cost prospect in the Figure was estimated based on various assumptions at present.
Closed IGCCthe oxygen fuel technology to the IGCC technology.
For pulverized coal thermal power
For IGCC
31
Cost of electricity with CCS in the present conditions
(1)(2)
(3)
(4)
6,187
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
ケース①
（輸送無 0km）
11,343
ケース④
（ ）
Storage from onshore base
Capture
Energy penalty（Cost increase by lowering of efficiency）
Liquefier and Pressurize
Transportation
Storage
CO
2 C
ost（
yen／
t-C
O2）
CAPEX of Power Generation
O&M of Power Generation
Fuel
CAPEX of Transportation
O＆M of Transportation
O＆M of StorageCAPEX of Storage
Increase 3yen/kWh by Carbon capture
Cost of electricity of IGCC with CCS
Carbon capture cost is 3,500yen/t-CO2
Cost of CO2
Storage from onshore base Storage from offshore base
Offshore Base
洋上基地
Aquifer CO2 Storage area Aquifer CO2
Storage area
Storage from offshore base
Cos
t of E
lect
rici
ty （
yen/
kWh）
Storage from onshore base
Storage from offshore base
Without CCS
3yen/kWh
3,500yen/tonCO2
33
CO2 Capture Technologies
Post CombustionCO2Capture
Pre CombustionCO2Capture
（Chemical or Physical）
Oxy-fuelCO2Capture
Oxy-IGCC
Coa
l Firi
ng B
oile
rIG
CC
Chemical Looping
CO2 Membrane Separation
With Capture Unit Without Capture Unit
34
CO2 Separation and capture technologies
Outline of technology Cost(Yen/t-CO2)
Technical establishment
(Year)
① Chemical absorption method
- utilization of chemical reaction between CO2 and liquid.4,200 yen
* In the case of post combustion
Already established
② Physical absorption method
- dissolved into a liquid for separation and capture.- The absorption capacity depends on the solubility of CO2 into
a liquid.
2,000 yen level 2020
③ Solid absorbent method
- solid absorbent and absorption materials. (Solid solvent method) 2,000 yen
level* Preliminarily-calculated
2020
④ Membrane separation method
- separates a CO2 from a mixed gas by utilizing the permeation selectivity of the thin membrane of a solid material with separation capacity.
- Problem: scale up
1,000 yen level
* Preliminarily-calculated
2030
⑤ Oxyfuel combustion method
- separates oxygen from combustion air and burns fuel using this oxygen. 3,000 yen
level 2015
⑥ Closed IGCC(CO2 capture next-generation IGCC)
- applied technology based on IGCC system.- circulates CO2 in exhaust gas as an oxidizing agent
throughout a gasification furnace and gas turbine.－
Later than 2030
*1）The method for capturing CO2 from the exhaust gas after combustion.*2）The method for capturing CO2 from the fuel before combustion* The preliminary calculation of the costs in the above table is based on various assumptions and does not determine future separation and capture costs.
CO2 separation and capture technologies
■STEP 1 (2002–2006) - Oxygen-blown entrained-flow gasifier was developed- Gas cleanup technology was established
■STEP 2 (2007–2009) - CO2 capture technology (chemical absorption) was developed - Coal type diversification (high ash fusion temperature coal) was carried out
■STEP 3 (2010–2013) - Development of CO2 capture technology (physical absorption)
Air separation facilities
Gas purifier
Gas turbine house (8 MW)
EAGLE Pilot Plant (150 tons/day)Gasifier
(150 tons/day)CO2 Separation
facilities
Chemicaladsorption
Physicaladsorption
Development of CO2 Capture Technology
35
Improvement:3.4 points
FurtherImprovement:
1.0 point
A drastic reduction in loss of efficiency for CO2 capture was achieved. It will be studied whether the cost of CO2 capture can be reduced
from USD 0.03/kWh to USD 0.02/kWh.
Chemical/Physical Absorption(EAGLE Stage-2 & 3)
Method of CO2 Capture Net Thermal Efficiency
Loss of Efficiency
Without CO2 Capture 45.6%
With CO2Capture
(Recovery Rate: 90%)
Chemical Absorption
Heat Regeneration(conventional) 34.8% 10.8%
Heated Flash Regeneration(newly-developed)
38.2% 7.4%
Physical Absorption 39.2% 6.4%
(Higher Heating Value Basis)
(With a 1,500ºC class gas turbine)
Development of CO2 Capture Technology
36
37
IGCC with CO2 capture which has no CO2 capture unit nor shift reactor. Target net thermal efficiency is 42% with CO2 capture.
(Loss of efficiency is 2 points for CO2 capture) The cost for CO2 capture could be reduced from USD 0.03/kWh to 0.02/kWh.
Oxy-fuel IGCC
Gasifier
O2
CO2
Coal
GT ST G PowerSynGas
CO2 recycle CO2 capture
CO: 66%H2: 24%CO2: 5%
GT: Gas TurbineST: Steam TurbineG: Generator
Combustor
O2 CO2 recycle
Establishment of Technology: in 2035
Recover 100% of CO2
Needs to develop /Iron based high performance and economy oxygen carrier/CLC process consists of three-reactors based on CFB technology
AR: Air ReactorCR: Coal ReactorVR: Volatile Reactor Candidate of Oxygen Carrier
Chemical Looping Coal Combustion
CLC can avoid energy loss during the CO2 separation, so the thermal efficiency of power generation can be maintained.
Establishment of Technology: in 2030
Economic comparison between CLC and PC with CCS
The CO2 capture cost by current technology for PC is around 3,500 to 4,500 Yen(35-45$)/t-CO2.The 2,500 Yen(25$)/t-CO2 is a target for CLC development to get a commercial superiority in the market.
9 Yen/kWh
11Yen/kWh
Yen
Yen
39
Summary
Development to improve the efficiency in coal-fired power generation
Development of CO2 capture technology for cost reduction in coal-fired power generation
Development of CO2 emissions reduction and CO2 capture cost reduction in iron and steel industry
Dissemination of the CCT in the world
Future Development of Clean Coal Technology
40
41
Acknowledgement
The presentation materials were mainly provided by NEDO and J-COAL.I deeply appreciate the contribution.
Thank you for your attention!!