clean coal technology for the future power generation · clean coal technology for the future power...

Keiji MAKINOSenior Fellow

Japan Coal Energy Center

1

Palais des Nations, Geneva

October 29, 2015

Clean Coal Technology

for the Future Power Generation

UNECE Best Practice in Production of

Electricity from Coal

JCOAL

2

CONTENTS

1. Coal Now

2. What is Clean Coal Technology?

3. Environmental Protection

4. Global Warming

4.1 High Efficiency

4.2 CO2

Capture

4.3 Biomass Co-Combustion

5. Coal ash utilization

6. Japanese Roadmap of Clean Coal

Technology

7. Lastly-------

3

4

1. Coal Now

5

World Coal Production and Consumption

Coal Information 2015

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Co

al C

on

sum

pti

on

(Mill

ion

to

nn

es)

World Coal ConsumptionIEA Coal Information 2015

China India United StatesGermany Japan South AfricaPoland Korea AustraliaTurkey Kazakhstan TaiwanIndonesia Ukraine United KingdomGreece Others

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Co

al P

rod

uct

ion

(Mill

ion

to

nn

es)

World Coal ProductionIEA Coal Information 2015

China United States IndiaAustralia Indonesia RussiaSouth Africa Germany PolandKazakhstan Canada CzechUkraine Viet Nam Mongolia

6

World Coal Status

80%

1%

10%

9%

2014 Production

Bituminous Coal Anthracite

Lignite Sub-bituminous Coal

80%

1%

10%9%

2014 Consumption



86%

4%

0% 10%2014 Import



IEA Coal Information 2015

Bituminous Coal/

Anthracite403.199

45%

Sub-bituminous

Coal287.332

32%

Lignite201.000

23%

WEC

High rank coal

: 45%

Low rank coal

: 55%

7

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Port

ion

of Fu

el

Comparison of Fuels for Power Generation in the Area

Coal and coal products Oil products

Natural gas Nuclear

Hydro Geothermal

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Port

ion

of Fu

el

Comparison of Fuel for Power Generation

Coal and coal products Peat and peat products Oil shale and oil sandsCrude, NGL and feedstocks Oil products Natural gasNuclear Hydro GeothermalSolar/wind/other Biofuels and waste

Energy Mix in Major Countries

IEA Energy Statistics 2014

Coal and Electricity Demand

Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2014

From 1990 to 2040

Data: 1990, 2012, 2020, 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

Co

al D

em

an

d(M

tce

)

Electricity Demand(TWh)

America Electricity and Coal Demand

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0 5000 10000 15000 20000

Co

al D

eman

d(M

tce)


Asia Electricity and Coal Demand

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 1000 2000 3000 4000

Co

al D

em

and

(Mtc

e)

Electricity Demand (TWh)

Europe Union Electricity and Coal Demand

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0 10000 20000 30000 40000

Co

al D

Eman

d(M

tce)


World Electricity and Coal Demand

8

9

Electricity Generation Mix of Japan

July 2015, Japan’s New Energy Mix towards 2030 was decided.

The basic policy of “Energy Mix” is to realize a balanced power

source composition, while achieving 3E+S(Safety, Energy

Security, Economic efficiency and Environment ).

Coal is positioned as the important energy source to be used

while the environmental burden.

0

5

10

15

20

25

2030

Re

ne

wab

le E

ne

rgy(

%)

Renewable Energy

Geothermal BioenergyWind SolarHydro

0

20

40

60

80

100

2013 2030

Ele

ctri

city

ge

ne

rati

on

mix

(%)

Electricity generation mix

Oil Coal LNG Nuclear Renewable Energy

Oil 12%

Coal

30%

LNG

43%

Nuclear1%

Renewable

11%

Oil 3%

Coal

26%

LNG

27%

Nuclear

22-20%

Renewable

22-24%8.8-9.2%

7.9%

1.7%

3.7-4.6%

1.0-1.1%

METI Website

10

2. What is Clean Coal

Technology ?



Environmental

Protection

Low NOx Combustion

Flue-gas

Treatment

De-SOx De-NOx Dust Removal

Global Warming

High Efficiency

PF Combustion

SC, USC, A-USC

Gasification

IGCC, IGFC

CO2 Capture

CCS

Biomass

Co-combustion

11

3. Environmental Protection

12

13

Environmental Protection of

Coal Fired Power Station

CondenserAsh treatment

facility

Turbine

Coal unloader

MillAsh recovery

Generator

Low NOx

Furnace and

Burners

Boiler

De-SOx

EP

De-NOx

Facilities of Environmental Protection

14

De-NOx Catalyst

De-NOx Reactor

Low NOx Burner

De-Sulphur Facility Electrostatic Precipitator

Low NOx Furnace

15

4. Global Warming

Boiler Steam Turbine Gasifier

Gas

Turbine

Steam

Turbine Gasifier

Gas

Turbine

Steam

Turbine

Fuel

Cell

Pulverized Coal

(USC)

IGCC

(1500C Class Gas Turbine)IGFC

Gross Efficiency :44%

Net Efficiency :41％



Under Development

High-Efficient Coal Fired Power Generation

16

Efficiency: HHV Basis

Commercialized



Commercialized

High Steam Temp: 620C

4.1 High Efficiency

Year of operation

Steam pressure

(16.6)

(24.1)

450

483485

538

566 593

(31.0)

5

10

15

20

25550

500

450

400

Ste

am

pre

ss

ure

( M

Pa

)

(4.1)

‘55 ‘60 ‘65 ‘70 ‘90 ‘95 2000

30

~~~

600

610

~~

~

Ste

am

tem

pera

ture（℃

）

620

Tem

pera

ture

/P

ress

ure

17

Hekinan No.1

Isogo No.2

Isogo No.1

Tachibanawan No.1

Steam

TemperatureUSC

Steam Temperature Increase of Boiler

(Japanese Ultra Super Critical Units)

Coal-fired Power Generation Capacity in

Japan (2013)

Note:

Sub-critical ・・・ steam pressure＜22.1MPa

SC:Super Critical ・・・ steam pressure≧22.1MPa, steam temperature≦566℃USC:Ultra Super Critical・・・ steam pressure≧22.1MPa, steam temperature≧ 593℃

※ None adapting steam temperature between 566℃< and <593℃

Total 37.7 GW (excl. off-grid plants)

Source:” Demand and Supply of Electricity”, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

USC53%SC

30%

Sub-critical, etc.…

20.0 GW

6.3 GW

11.4 GW

11

Courtesy JPOWER

19

World Highest Efficient Coal fired Power Station

----Isogo No.2 600MW 600/620C USC (Japan)----

20

Installation of USC in the World

McCoy Power Reports

・Installed capacity of coal fired power generation is 100-110GW/year by 2014. ・First Ultra Super Critical Unit (USC) was installed in Japan in 1993. Since then, USC is increasing. But super critical and Sub critical units are decreasing.・60% of recent installation is USC in the world. SC is less than 10%.・Recent installation is almost USC in China.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Pe

rce

nt

of

US

C(%

)

Inst

all

ed

Ca

pa

cit

y (

GW

)

USC SC Sub Ratio of USC

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Pe

rce

nt

of

US

C (

%)

INst

all

ed

Ca

pa

cit

y (

GW

)

USC SC Sub USCの割合

World installation Chinese installation

21

Number of USC installed in the World

McCoy Power Reports

・Japan installed first USC unit in 1993. Since then, units for utility use are all USC.・In 2006, first USC unit was put into operation in China. Since then, 30-35 units have been installed in China every year. Now total number of Chinese USC is largest in the world.・USC units were operated in more than ten countries at present.

Recent USC units are Malaysia in 2015 and Taiwan in 2016.

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

InstalledUSC inChina

0 1000*4600*61000*4

600*2660*21000*71036*1

660*41000*51036*2

660*91000*161036*1

600*4640*2660*51000*23

600*2660*21000*10

600*4630*1660*91000*141050*2

660*7700*41000*151100*3

600*1660*131000*151100*1

660*91000*13

660*71000*81100*2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Num

ber o

f USC

China

Japan

Italy

Germany

South Korea

Poland

Malaysia

Czeck Republic

Netherland

Taiwan

USA

Slovenia

22

Efficiency of Coal Power Generation of Various

Countries (HHV, Gross)

IEA Electricity Information 2013 :

Calculated by JCOAL

Hard Coal Lignite

20

25

30

35

40

45

1980 1990 2000 2009 2010 2011 2012

Gro

ss E

ffic

ien

cy

(Ha

rd c

oa

l, H

HV

%)

Japan

Korea

China

USA

Australia

Germany

UK

India20

25

30

35

40

45

1980 1990 2000 2009 2010 2011 2012G

ross

Eff

icie

ncy

(Li

gn

ite

, H

HV

%)

USA

Australia

Germany

India

23

Japan

EU

700 degree C, 540MW

USA

760 degree C 35MPa Developed by NETL

China

700 degree C, Double Reheat

Advanced USC (A-USC)

High P. Turbine

Development of IGCC

Nakoso NO.10 : 250MW

Commercial Operation : April 2013

Osaki CoolGen : 170MW

Operation: 2017

New IGCC plan(Website of Nakoso and Hirono)

Nakoso About 540MW : Start of construction 2016(Planned)

Start of operation Early 2020(Planned)

Hirono About 540MW : Start of construction 2016(Planned)

Start of operation Early 2020(Planned)

37

Japanese IGCC

Existing Commercial IGCC:

Puertollano(335MW), Wabash River(296MW), Tampa(322MW),

Nakoso(250MW), Edwardsport(630MW), Tianjing(250MW)

4.2 Carbon Capture and Storage

METI CCS 2020

Sequestration –

CaptureStorage Transport Injection

Injection from

surface

facilities

Sequestration – Capture

Pipeline

transport

Pipeline

transport

Tanker transport

Large-scale CO2 emission

source

Land zone

Underground water

bearing stratum

Structural Cap Rock

(impervious bed)

Structural Cap Rock

(impervious bed)

Sea zone

Underground water

bearing stratum

Injection

from sea-

based

facilities

25

No less important is “High Efficient

Power Generation + CCS”

4.3 Biomass Co-combustion

26

SEM

Pulverization coal/biomass

Cedar bark

Newlands coal

Pine tree bark

Cedar chip Saw dust of pine tree

CRIEPI Biomass Forum

Reduction of Coal Consumption

with Biomass mixing

27

Coal technology conference(Shikoku Power)

Biomass mixing ratio

Re

du

ctio

n o

f c

oa

l c

on

su

mp

tio

n

5. Coal Ash Utilization

28

29

Amount and Utilization of Ash

from Boiler in Japan

JCOAL 2015

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Per

cen

t o

fU

tiliz

atio

n(%

)

Am

ou

nt

of

Ash

(Th

ou

san

d t

on

nes

)

Utilization of Ash from Power Stations

Total ash Utilized ash Percent of utilization

67%

14%

4%

1%

14%

Utilization of Ash (2013)

Cement

Civil

Building

Agriculture,Fishery

2014 2020 2030 2040 2050

① A-USCCommercial

（800℃）Commercial

（700℃）

Low rank

coal

utilization

High

efficiency

and low

carbon

Environmen-

tal protection

② IGFC1) Demonstration

(Osaki） CommercialIGCC demo.

(Osaki）

⑧Chemical Looping CommercialStudy of

Reactor30MW PP

100MW

Demo.

⑪CO2 Conversion Pilot scale testCO2 Conversion test Small scale test

⑦ CO2 recycleIGCC Commercial

CO2 Cycle

test 300MW demo.O2-CO2

Gasifier test

⑤ Ferro Coke4) Demonstration Commercial

⑯ TIGAR7) CommercialDemonstration

⑬High efficiency

fluidized bed dryingBench

testPP test Commercial

⑥ COURSE505) Commercialmin. blast

furnace test Blast furnace demo.

⑰ ECOPRO8) CommercialDemonstration

Mid-long term R&D

Steel

Industry

Power

genera-

tion

CO2

capture

Upgrading

Industrial

use

Low environ-mental burden

⑱Low environmental

burden （B, Se）

R&D of reducing

tech.

Standardization of

analytical methods

(JIS/ISO)

⑫Brown coal

carbonizationCommercialPP test

⑮ IGCC with

renewable energyCommercialDemonstration

⑭ Hyper Coal6) CommercialDemonstration

③ A-IGCC2) Commercial （GT1700℃)

⑨Oxy-fuel combustion Demonstration Commercial

⑩Post combustion Demonstration Commercial

④ ABC3) Commercial

（>10%）Commercial

（<10%）

6. Japanese Roadmap of Clean Coal Technology

Technologies

31

7. Lastly-------------

• Coal should be used as a main fuel in the

future. Non-OECD countries will use

much more coal than OECD countries in

the future.

• However, consideration should be paid to

reduce air pollution and GHG emission in

order to continue using coals.

• Now, Clean Coal Technology is essential.

Thank you

for your attention.

32

clean coal technology for the future power generation · clean coal technology for the future power...

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