classroom presenter and tablet pcs in higher education richard anderson department of computer...
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Classroom Presenter and Tablet PCs in Higher Education
Richard AndersonDepartment of Computer Science and
EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, Washington, USA
Jane PreyExternal Research and Programs
Microsoft Research Seattle, Washington, USA
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Outline
Classroom Presenter Project Pen based presentation Lecture archiving, ink use Classroom interaction Tutored Video Instruction
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What will the University Classroom look like . . .
If all students have computational devices Laptops, Tablets, Ultra light tablets,
PDAs, Smart Phones, Gameboys . . . If the devices are all connected If the devices are all integrated
into classroom instruction
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Wide range of potential classroom applications
Presentation Demonstration Simulation Accessing external
resources Note taking Feedback Active learning Peer communication
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Classroom Presenter Distributed, Tablet
PC Application Initial development,
2001-2002 at MSR Continuing
development at UW Collaboration with
Microsoft Built on ConferenceXP
Multicast networking
Simple application Ink Overlay on images Export PPT to image
Real time ink broadcast UI Designed for use
during presentation on tablet
Presentation features Instructor notes on slides Slide minimization
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Classroom Presenter as a distributed application Designed as
distributed application for distance learning
Enables many scenarios
Mobility Walking and talking
Sharing materials with students
Note taking Classroom interaction
Student submissions
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Ink based presentation
Tablet PC Inking on images Simple pen based controls Whiteboard, slide extension Multiple views – instructor/display
(dual monitor) Multiple slides decks with filmstrip
navigation
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10 reasons why Classroom Presenter is better than PowerPoint
1. Simple pen based UI
2. Instructor Notes3. Film strip
navigation4. Slide previews5. Lecture export to
HTML
6. Extra writing space
7. Distributed Presentation
8. Full screen erase9. Multideck model10. Default Inking
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“Typical ink usage”
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Diagrammatic Ink
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Distance Learning Classes
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Ink Replay
Static diagrams insufficient Continuous and key frame replay
Replay with or without audio
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Diagram phasing
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More phasing
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Classroom Interaction
Integrate student work into the public discussion
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Classroom Presenter Deployments Build on the traditional slide based lecture Focus on classroom interaction
In class communication for activities Ignore note taking, capture, student-student
communication scenarios Isolated network
Look at a homogeneous deployment of devices Tablet PCs
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Study goals
Are devices effective in achieving instructor specific classroom goals in the traditional lecture model
What patterns of behavior arise when devices are deployed for classroom interaction
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Classroom Presenter
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Classroom goals (atmosphere) Encourage students to contribute
in multiple ways Promote engagement in the class
Interest Alertness
Demonstrate that all students have important opinions
Peer interaction
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Classroom Goals (specific activities)
Feedback – classroom assessment Collection of ideas
Collective brainstorm Student generation of examples Discovery of a pedagogical point Gain understanding of an example Show misconceptions
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Submission Examples
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Submission Examples
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Submission Examples
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Submission examples
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Classroom Usage UW Course usage
16 courses ~80 classes ~300 activities
Detailed measurements Data from Undergraduate Algorithms course
(Fall 2005) 7 lectures, 26 activities Logged data – timings of submissions
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Participation rates Percentage of students present
submitting work Min 11%, Max 100%, Average 69%
Some students would answer without submitting
Resubmission common No observed trends in submission rates
Position in course Position in lecture
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Display Behavior
Average of 6.15 slides per activity displayed (minimum of 1, maximum of 18)
Common pattern – show one or two for most of the time, and quickly show the others
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Collaboration One to three students per tablet Interaction between students often
encouraged Instructors would survey and
occasionally comment on student work during activity phase
Student work a key part of classroom discussion
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Anonymity Work displayed on public display without
any identification Limited information about submission
displayed on the instructor machine Anonymous display valued by the
students Students often believe the instructor can
identify their work Tagging behavior observed
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Achieving Instructor Goals for Activities
Generally possible to identify individual goals for the activities
It is possible to assess whether or not the activities achieve the instructor’s goals
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Assessment Activities
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Pedagogical Point
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What technology provides Digital domain
Support for archiving, distribution, and analysis Integration with lecture
Allows display with data projector Efficiency
Reducing overhead of distribution and collection Simultaneity
All students work at once to increase contribution rates
Additional communication channels Easier to express certain ideas Overcomes communication barriers
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Classroom interaction summary Successful use has occurred when
used for specific pedagogical purposes
Technology is simple and in the background Supporting role for instruction
Focus is on the teaching, verbal interaction, understanding and discussion of student artifacts
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Why I am in Beijing
Offer undergraduate algorithms course at Beihang Instructor is in Seattle Time difference prevents a
synchronous distance course Offer the course using Tutored
Video Instruction Incorporate Classroom Presenter
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Tutored Video Instruction Base course on
facilitated use of recorded materials
Materials recorded from a live class
Facilitator guides discussion around materials
Gibbons, Science 1977
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Tutored Video Instruction (TVI) Developed at Stanford University in the 1970’s
On site: Stanford Master’s students Off site: HP Engineers
Students watch pre-recorded class material with a tutor
Tutor stops the material frequently for discussion and questions
The key aspect of TVI is peer-learning At Stanford, off site students not only out
performed students who watched the videos only, but out performed the Stanford students.
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Previous UW TVI Experience Introductory Programming Courses
Taught at University of Washington Offered at Community Colleges
CC Instructors with limited experience Need to align UW, CC courses Lessons learned
Importance of relationship between institutions
Facilitator support
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Parallel Courses
Course offered at University of Washington Live lectures by Prof. Anderson
Course offered at Beihang University Lectures recorded at University of
Washington Tutored Video Instruction
Facilitators: Jie Luo, Ning Li, Jing Li
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Making the course a success Overcoming the language and culture
barriers Dual course offering
Materials are originating from University of Washington, but this is still a Beihang course
Tutored Video Instruction This will require students ask questions and
participate in the discussions Classroom Interaction
Tablet PCs will support active learning
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September visit
Equipment setup and test Facilitator training Classroom Interaction Lecture
Introduce Technology Assess background
TVI Lecture Demonstrate facilitation techniques Establish peer instruction model
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Course offering Approximately midway through Technology and methodology
working well With a few minor glitches
Instructors are annotating lectures for use at Beihang
UW Lectures are a mix of traditional and classroom interaction lectures
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November visit
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November 10 Richard Anderson
and Jane Prey observed three class sessions
Three separate facilitators
Topic – Fast Fourier Transform
Technical lecture “Dry”
Facilitators were brilliant
Different techniques used to facilitate the lectures
Students were engaged in lecture and activities
All discussion was in Chinese
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Observation notes Audio problems
Room acoustics poor Record lectures
Colloquial usage Background noise Instructor pointing Unsuccessful jokes
Majority of interactions TA initiated
Took advantage of interactions in UW materials
Engagement around Tablet PC
Significant student discussion on activities
Facilitators investing considerable time in preparation
Inking on slides is very important for facilitators
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Reactions Beihang class is reproducing UW
classroom interactions As opposed to relying on peer interaction Contrary to Stanford “theory” – but was
expected Tablet PC is important for facilitator –
but we need to improve the tools High level of effort by UW and
Beihang
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TVI Theory TVI Classes
Stanford - Gibbons UW Intro Programming Digital Study Hall UW-Beihang
Alignment of recorded materials with classroom usage
Structural issues for course
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CLASSROOM PRESENTER
www.cs.washington.edu/education/dl/presenterwww.cs.washington.edu/education/courses/cse421/06au
For more information, contact Richard Anderson