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Classroom Management through Effective Teaching

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Page 1: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

Classroom Management through Effective Teaching

Page 2: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

Key wordsClassroom managementCreating a positive learning environment where everything is accessible and transparent‐ teachers do not hold the secrets to success or behaviour.If you have to be conscious of managing your class something needs to change in the preparation and implementation.

Effective teachingUsing a range of teaching strategies which will enable positive learning by all students in the groupEffective teaching will facilitate learning.If your students want to learn and can learn in your classroom you are getting there.

Page 3: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

Steps to effective engagement with students: what I hope to cover.

1. What you do before you go into the classroom:

Preparation• Your organisation• Units of work• Tasks for your students

2. What you do in the classroom:Implementation• Know your students• Scaffold tasks• No secret teacher business• Use technology to enhance not 

instead of a lesson• Literacy is every teacher’s job.

3. What you do after the  lessonReflection• Feedback to your students• Reflection by you and your 

students• Fast follow up to what happened 

in the lesson and with your students

• Seeking help and information from a range of other people and support staff

Page 4: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

The 3 R’s of effective teaching

• Relationships

• Rigour

• Relevance

Page 5: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

Your experiences and expertise 

• Who remembers an effective teacher from your days as a student?

• What characterises the most effective teachers in your school?

• How many in your faculty and in your school?

• What do you think makes an effective teacher?

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Page 6: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

Link between quality teaching and what students value  

• ATTRIBUTES OF GOOD TEACHERS• They know their subject• They are passionate about what 

they teach• They have an extensive 

repertoire of teaching and learning strategies 

• They respect and like students• They have a good sense of 

humour • They work hard• They are flexible and fair• They work as part of a team 

• adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12 English Teacher Look Like? Sawyer, W; Ayers, Pl; Dinham, S English in Australia, n129‐30 p51‐64 Dec 2000‐Feb 2001 

WHAT THE STUDENTS SAY:• Teachers who respect them• Teachers who are friendly, 

approachable and willing to listen• Teachers who encourage them 

and help them to succeed• Teachers who are knowledgeable 

in their subject• Their lessons are delivered with 

knowledge, interest and organisation.

• Their classroom management is effective and genuine.

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Page 7: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

1. Challenges?

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These can be challenges to your effectiveness as a teacher:

1. Number of classes? Class size?

2. Teaching across varied faculties? So many subjects?

3. Promises of help?4. No time mentors?5. Many rooms?6. School culture?7. Technology8. Time to do it all.

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What challenges you most?

1.Difficult students?2. Disengaged students?3. So much content to cover?4.Different expectations?5. Public’s comments?6. Getting organised?7. Own confidence?

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2. Preparation: Let’s get organised

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1. An organised teacher will increase effectiveness

1. Organisation, structure and  order is not everyone’s natural state but it will help you stay sane and healthy.

2. Students like to think their teacher knows what is going on‐ they will forgive idiosyncrasies only for a short time and if your lack of organisation impacts on them, they will not forgive or respect you!

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Do you want to JUST SURVIVE or HAVE CONTROL and thus, ENJOY?

Have a plan:• Where are you going for the year? 

• The semester? • The term? • The week? • The Day? • The Lesson?

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Have a broad overview: surprises can be unpleasant.

1. Credit Union calendar is ideal: you need a visual representation of the weeks, term and year near you. A virtual one is not going to help as much as a real one.

2. Early in the year ( or term 4) insert as many key dates as possible including significant personal dates. Eg reports due, athletics carnival, p/t interviews, assessment dates. If you have a home room have a similar calendar there for students to use and to plan their year too.

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Calendar

• Check the calendar before you set tasks for students to submit.

• Give yourself a clear run of time so that you don’t have a class task at the same time as half yearly exam to mark or an assessment task or stage programs to register  when you had planned a big weekend!

You will have more control and less stress if you plan and students are comforted and feel confident if they think you are in control and know what is going on. It will also help you to get work back quickly which is important for students and you!

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Be organised• Syllabus: do you have your own hard 

copy? Virtual copy? Accessible?• Units of work‐effective teaching is 

about delivering the syllabus through the faculty /stage program and developing units of work which are your own and will allow you to build on your strengths and interests and ofcourse meet the specific needs of your class that year.

• Assessments: recording marks but anecdotal comments are just as valuable: where to record? Valuable for writing report comments and useful for year Advisors.

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A day book: no‐one can remember all that you need to!

A day book: this becomes your bible. Your chronicle of your life. You need ONE source. You record:1. Daily lessons2. Instructions to self.3. What else you do in the 

day.4. What to do in your time 

off : treat as prep time

5. Meetings 6. Playground duty.7. Reminders eg bring a spare text for Jimmy. Ring Jimmy’s mum. Where is Jimmy?8. Class rolls and mark records.9. Your homework.10. Concerns and questions.

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Electronic organisation

• Title of each document is crucial eg Yr 9 Assessment Task or Year 3 Maths is not enough. The more specific your title the quicker and easier you can electronically retrieve.

• Dating documents is also important. Version control is valuable. 

• This is also a vital skill to share with students especially when they email you work eg title, date and full name, email address, etiquette?

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Electronic organisation

• Useful electronic systems eg One note, colourcode your folders to highlight the most current. 

• Synchronise all your electronic systems.• Backup is vital.• Save the website as an URL.• Use dates as often as you can.

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1.2. Writing units of work: to engage and empower and create  lifelong learners and active citizens. 

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Faculty Programs for effective teaching. 

What is a program? The program is a document that shows the anticipated development of learning in the subject by the students.A program is an important policy document acting as proof 

of what is happening in the classroom. is a document of accountability which can be 

accessed publicly by all stakeholders, including parents. As such it needs to have clarity. 

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Programs are:

an interpretation of a syllabus made relevant to the context of a particular school, students and teachers. 

an overview and guide for the learning to take place in the classroom and across all classrooms. establishes consistency across classes. creates scaffolding from year to another and one 

learning experience to another. (NSW ETA)

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Page 23: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

Board of Studies Syllabusprogramunit of workclassroom practice

A fundamental component of effective teaching. This is about how you will teach the program to YOUR class and the INDIVIDUAL students in your class.

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Units of work

The quality of your units will shape the quality of your lessons which in turn will lead to greater engagement and more effective teaching and thus improved outcomes for your students and you.

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Your own unit will give you direction and organisation.

Preparation for every lesson is vital:Meaningful direction for the lessonEnsures relevance and connectionVery tempting to chat and move away from the focus: some students will actively encourage this.Students deserve a lesson you would want to have had yourself or want your own child to have.

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Above all‐Why????• Your own pride• Respect for your 

subject/stage• Respect for your students• Having a plan and 

structure• Ensuring the salient 

features are covered• Your students will expect 

you to have them prepared for whatever task they have to do.

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Why write units?Only way to ensure an 

effective, structured and deliberate delivery of content, skills and a variety of literacy strategies which have been selected and designed for the specific needs of your class.

Unstructured, laissez‐faire lessons can only last a short time and then…………!!!!!!!!!

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Page 29: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

But above all: WHY???THE KEY TO MEANINGFUL TEACHING AND LEARNING In the busyness of school, the practicalities of what to teach and how to teach, often take priority but it is very important not to forget why you are teaching something.Before designing a unit you need to ask Why is this important? Why are we doing this?

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Why: this is not a simple question.If you can have this as your rationale an be able to answer your own question in a few sentences that will guide your teaching and the students’ learning. The answer to this is not always as clear or simple as you might think. Think about the last lesson you had yesterday‐ what was it about and why did you teach it? 

Share with the person beside you 

Text me your response on 

0428969685.

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Why are we doing this?The what and the how must rest on the why as the why implicates beliefs about education, the nature of your subject and about the place of your subject in a student’s education. A faculty and your stage team need to arrive at consensus about these beliefs so that the program can be a step by step guide to achieving goals consistent with these beliefs. 

Personal reflection What are my beliefs about 

learning and teaching? What are my beliefs about 

the nature and purpose of of my subject in the school curriculum? Repeat these questions with your faculty and our school?

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Why links to effectiveness• This is especially important 

in subjects like mathematics‐ the most effective teacher of mathematics will excite and enthuse.

• The teachers of practical subjects have it : the kids can see why they need to do a task: they know where they are going and what the end point will look like if they are successful.

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How do we respond when students ask:

• WHY ARE WE DOING THIS, SIR?

• WHAT IS THE POINT OF THIS, MISS?

• HOW WILL THIS HELP ME?

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Purpose?

You need to keep these questions and answers in your unit writing process as they have significant effects on the structure of your unit and how  confident (or not) your students will feel.Engagement is all about being interested and feeling competent + confident + this will lead to mastery and achievement.

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Purpose and Intention

The purpose is about skills and knowledge. The intention is what you want your students to gain and take away and reflect and implement in the wider world.

Page 36: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

Purpose of the unit?

Ask yourself a few questions:1. What do you want your students to learn/gain/understand/realise/appreciate/see throughout this unit and at the end?

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Purpose=Intention

2. What do your students NEED to learn/gain/understand/realise/ appreciate throughout and by the end of this unit?

How is this different from 1?

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Purpose?

1. Is this unit culminating in a significant Assessment task where specific skills and knowledge and concepts will be assessed?

2. Is this unit a building block to future units in future years eg Mathematics, Science? Good to look forward and backward and it should become easier to do this with  laptops and OneNote.

3. Is this unit part of the school’s assessment and reporting process and will impact on a student’s class placement or progress report?

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Purpose: share!

Once you have decided what your intention and purpose is write a short paragraph or dot points and these become the  mantra for your class.They can become the unit’s focus as introductory notes or a chart or homepage to an electronic document.

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The Purpose needs to be shared.

• If each unit opens with a paragraph which catalogues what you intend to do then you can structure the unit and students can see the direction.

• They like to think that there is a reason and a path to take.

• It is part of the literacy strategy of “explicit’ teaching”. 

• It is also comforting and pedagogically valuable to know the destination, the end point and what that end point looks like.

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Structure• How many lessons in the 

unit? How many hours in a week?

• For example, 4‐5 weeks• Minus the interruptions• 4 weeks= 2cycles=8‐9 50 

minute lessons  (Mandated hours are in the syllabus)

• Don’t be too ambitious but have high expectations.

WHERE DO YOU WANT TO BE BY END OF WEEK 1 AND 2 AND 3 AND 4?

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Structure

• A series of lessons should have a range of teaching and learning strategies.

• And a range of literacy strategies.

• Range of tasks to do.• Reading + writing+ speaking + listening in each lesson.

• Each lesson should be an entity on its own but part of the wider unit.

• Be sure to use KWL at the beginning of the unit and at different times throughout the unit. 

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Course books CAN HELP with ideas and content and structure.

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Resources: course books

• Textbooks have a place in implementing the syllabus 

• Textbooks are rich resources. Textbooks have a place in implementing the syllabus

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Topic based

Brainstorm what you need and want to cover:• What• Where• When• How• Who• Why• How

Use the syllabus to give you the framework for the actual topic.For example, what aspects of the Depression should be covered, what aspects of Solar System? What elements of Newspapers?What elements of Algebraic formulae?

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Unit outline

• Each student should have an outline of the unit.

• Write in the second person.

• Include a table of what will be covered in each week.

• Students like to tick off what has been done.

• Make connections with the content and the skills with the wider world: connection and significance. 

• This unit of work will assist you to become informed and critical viewers of …….

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Link to the wider world

• Literature: human behaviour does not change very much and its is books and plays and poems and stories which give us a window into our behaviour as well as other places and other times. 

• Geography and Science and mathematics help us understand how the world works

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Link to the wider world

History is vital in helping us to understand why we acted as we did at a particular time and how those actions have impacted on the present and the future.The Arts help us to make sense of ourselves as humans and our emotions and loves and passions and what gives us pleasure and helps us to makes sense of the world in a different way.

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Link to significant formal tasks

• Eg Naplan• HSC • Term test• Class placement/grading 

test• Instead of teaching to the 

test, embed the requirements of Naplaninto your unit and be sure to highlight this to students.

• Forward to the SC and HSC eg multiple choice short task like the SC

• Short writing task• The content and  skills of 

the formal examinations should not be a surprise and if you embed them in the unit students will feel comfortable and confident.

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Structuring the unit

• A judicious mix of directed lessons and collaborative tasks and self directed and choice.

• Try to achieve something tangible each lesson. 

• Not everything has to be covered but of course some HAS to be.

• Offer some choice and negotiation.

• Contracts work well.• Think of the different 

paths to the same destination eg quiz, mindmap, review, narrative, analytical critical response, newspaper article, imagination re‐creation, visual representation. 

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What is in your unit: be critical!• Recap to your intention.• Have you fulfilled that?• Have you covered the 

requisite outcomes and skills?

• Have you strategies and processes to ensure your students are prepared and confident for their end point task?

• Variety of tasks in the lead up.

• A range of resources to tap into the diversity of the children in your class?

• Is there too much?• Have you considered the 

QT program in lessons?• ICT? • G&T? • Diversity?• Literacy strategies?

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Share the end point.

• If you are in practical subjects you can display past projects.

• If it is an assessment tasks show the final products.

• It is like the recipe book‐ you want your dish to look just like the pictures on your journey to creating it.

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The end of the unit

• We so often start with a bang and end with a whimper!

• Think about the ending of your unit just as a good story should be satisfying, clear and resolve all the questions and paths of the story so should your unit or lesson.

• Leave time to link the end to the beginning.

• Has there been progress/achievement? Enlightenment…. Learning? 

• If so, it should be celebrated so that you can build on this capacity and increase engagement.

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Celebrate

• Don’t wait for the assessment task or test.

• Give a certificate of achievement or progress or understanding.

• Share your students’ success with other students, teachers, parents, community.

• A short journal entry of what have I most gained?

• Give some reflection openers: Until we looked at WW1 I had no idea….or This reading session today has shown me…..or The maths sums we did today helped me….

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2. In the classroom

• Relationships with your students

• Rigour of your teaching unit

• Supporting your students

• Relevance to the students of what you are doing

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What is the link between effective teaching and engaged students and classroom management?

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How do you define classroom management?

• Is it control?• Is it being the boss? Power over our students?• Is it about democracy or guided democracy?• Is it about enabling as many students as possible to be able to learn and achieve?

• Relationships‐ the power to build?

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Those were the days…..

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Your class last lesson on a Friday?

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Real control and engagement

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What are the greatest challenges in classroom management.

1. Learning so many names in a short time.

2. The numbers in a room.3. Disruptive students.4. Students who 

undermine and white ant the lesson.

5. Getting through what you planned.

6. Mobile phones.7. Others?

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You need to know them and they need to know you are interested and care.

The sooner you get to know your students the more successful you will be.

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The child in your classroom• Show interest in students as 

a person.• Try to be positive about 

some feature of them.• Talk to them alone and be 

genuine in your concern and interest.

• Sometimes a suggestion that you need to ring home could be enough‐most teenagers do NOT want their parents involved.

• Avoid sarcasm.• Avoid any form of belittling.• Avoid sexism, racism and 

insults.• Avoid shouting.• Have structure within and 

between lessons• Have high expectations.• Never say you have not 

prepared this lesson.• You are not their friend but 

be friendly.

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The kids are the core• They key is to know the 

person behind the student.

• No equipment, books, uniform could be just the tip of many issues‐ you might be the only one who has provided them with a pen. 

• Welfare and learning are not separate but part of the whole package.

• Head Teacher welfare• AP • Year advisor• Mentors• Ring home with a genuine 

interest before the problems escalate.

• Counsellors• Head Teacher• Welfare and discipline 

system online. 

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In the classroom

• Be active and physical in the class: cannot sit at a desk.

• Tap into their interests.• Design lessons and the 

delivery of the syllabus to suit their interests and their ability levels.

• Be sure that you are aware of their literacy levels. 

• Think about audio texts eg listening to a novel

• Range of different resources

• Use narrative to engage and illustrate.

• A repertoire of management techniques when the wheels fall off (can discuss in your sectoral groups later)

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Classroom Strategies

• Collect their work and mark it promptly and return with feedback and awards and encouragement and positive reinforcement.

• Collecting work early and often no only gives you an insight to the child’s skills but is effective teaching. 

• How they are writing and what they are writing.  

• If using Edmodo and Moodle and Blog contributing to a class blog‐ is everyone? 

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Biggest Challenges: The Middle years

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Teaching in the Middle Years

RIGOUR AND RELEVANCEWhen teachers have high expectations for student achievement and intellectually challenging tasks, they create a learning environment in which students are encouraged to extend themselves.

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Middle Years

• Students in this 10 to 15 years age group have particular interests, needs and focuses that are different from those of young children or older adolescents. Middle years students identify strongly with their peers and experience heightened emotions, progressively seek greater independence and develop their individual identities and value systems. Intellectually they have a growing capacity for reflective and abstract thinking and begin to make decisions about adult roles.

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Middle years

• Most students progress satisfactorily during the middle years but it is a time when some students switch off from schooling. Showing respect, empathy and an understanding of the variety of ways in which young adolescents develop, learn and think is required to meet their needs.

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So in a  time of change…..? 

• There will still be disengaged students 

• There will still be national testing  and societal expectations 

• There will also be great  opportunities 

• Colleagues to support you

• Students to inspire you • Technology and other  resources to help you 

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Helping them to be organised. 1. Have a catchup lesson egcheck if all sheets pasted in, if all tasks complete, work from other subjects in the right place, if book organised or Notebook contains anything.2. Link lessons with your narrative:• Yesterday we…..• So, where are we up to 

today or now or this week?

• Where are we going from here?

3. Encourage questions from students each lesson for clarification not only for them  but for you.

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Using Narrative: expand • Michael McQueen says use 

stories to make your point‐make them memorable and they will have an impact. Students  may resist your judgment but are very interested in your journey He suggests you: Be authentic and honest Beware of sharing that is self 

indulgent and self‐serving Aim to promote growth of 

understanding Don’t read your experience 

into someone else’s.

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Using narrative is so powerfulPresident Barack Obama came to Morehouse College, the alma mater of the Reverend Dr Martin Luther King jnr, on Sunday to tell graduates, 50 years after King’s landmark ‘‘ I Have a Dream’ ’ speech in Washington, that ‘‘ laws and hearts and minds have been changed to the point where someone who looks just like you can somehow come to serve as president of these United States’’ . 

The President tied King’s journey to his own, speaking about his struggles as a young man with an absent father, a ‘‘ heroic’ ’ single mother, and the psychological burdens of being black in America. 

He also issued a challenge to the graduating class at Morehouse, the nation’s only historically black, allmale college, to be responsible family men, to set an example, and to extend a hand to those less privileged than them. 

‘‘ We know that too many young men in our community continue to make bad choices,’’ he said. ‘‘ And I have to say, growing up I made quite a few myself. Sometimes I wrote off my own failings as just another example of the world trying to keep a black man down. 

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The power of story tellingWe live our lives as a narrative. We remember and anticipate in narrative; hate, love, hope, despair, doubt and learn from it. We even create narratives while we sleep. Our understanding of our lives emerges through story. We reassemble memories in a certain order, unconsciously omitting certain moments and unconsciously embellishing others.

The making of stories is the sifting of the chaos of life, removing the clutter, exposing underlying synchronicities, rhythms and shapes. It is the means by which we digest and understand our experiences. We construct narratives about ourselves and others, about our past, our future and that of our society. Re‐membering is the opposite of dis‐membering.

• Read more: http://www.smh.com.au/comment/keeping‐grip‐on‐shifting‐stories‐20130522‐2k013.html#ixzz2TzPRYIvf

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Using the Quality Teaching model for structuring your lessons and your reflection.

• QT is about teaching practice that makes a difference

• reflects best practice in NSW schools

• can be used as a reference point for planning and redesigning learning activities, lessons, units of work, assessment tasks 

• can be used as a framework to guide self reflection and evaluation

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Deep Knowledge: To what extent is the knowledge being addressed focused on a small number of key concepts and the relationships between and among concepts?

Deep Understanding: To what extent do students demonstrate a profound and meaningful understanding of central ideas and the relationships between and among those central ideas?

Problematic Knowledge: To what extent are students encouraged to address multiple perspectives and/or solutions? To what extent are students able to recognise knowledge as constructed and therefore open to question?

Higher-Order Thinking: To what extent are students regularly engaged in thinking that requires them to organise, reorganise, apply, analyse, synthesise and evaluate knowledge and information?

Metalanguage: To what extent do lessons explicitly name and analyse knowledge as a specialist language? To what extent do lessons provide frequent commentary on language use and the various contexts of differing language uses?

Substantive Communication: To what extent are students regularly engaged in sustained conversations (in oral, written or artistic forms) about the ideas and concepts they are encountering?

INTELLECTUAL QUALITY

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Intellectual quality of what your are teaching.

• How can you embed this into your lessons and how will it help your classroom management?

• Do not dumb‐down your lessons.

• Have plenty of material every lesson.

• Give your students the metalanguage of your subject.

• Expect them to use the language of your subject.

• Children are naturally curious so tap into that.

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Quality Learning environment • Refers to pedagogy that 

creates classrooms where students and teachers work productively in an environment focused on learning

• High and explicit expectations are established

• Focus on quality learning environment should extend beyond the classroom 

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Explicit Quality Criteria: To what extent are students provided with explicit criteria for the quality of work they are to produce? To what extent are those criteria a regular reference point for the development and assessment of student work?

Engagement: To what extent are most students, most of the time, seriously engaged in the lesson? To what extent do students display sustained interest and attention?

High Expectations: To what extent are high expectations of all students communicated? To what extent is conceptual risk taking encouraged and rewarded?

Social Support: To what extent is there strong positive support for learning and mutual respect among teachers and students and others assisting students’ learning? To what extent is the classroom free of negative personal comment or put-downs?

Students’ Self-regulation: To what extent do students demonstrate autonomy and initiative so that minimal attention to the disciplining and regulation of student behaviour is required?

Student direction: To what extent do students exercise some direction over the selection of activities related to their learning and the means and manner by which these activities will be done?

QUALITY LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

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Significance

• refers to pedagogy that helps make learning meaningful and important to students 

• students need to see why, and understand that their learning matters

• units should  link to prior knowledge, student backgrounds and cultural knowledge and  future contexts

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Background Knowledge: To what extent do lessons regularly and explicitly build from students’ background knowledge, in terms of prior school knowledge, as well as other aspects of their personal lives?

Cultural Knowledge: To what extent do lessons regularly incorporate the cultural knowledge of diverse social groupings?

Knowledge Integration: To what extent do lessons regularly demonstrate links between and within subjects and key learning areas?

Inclusivity: To what extent do lessons include and publicly value the participation of all students across the social and cultural backgrounds represented in the classroom?

Connectedness: To what extent do lesson activities rely on the application of school knowledge in real-life contexts or problems? To what extent do lesson activities provide opportunities for students to share their work with audiences beyond the classroom and school?

Narrative: To what extent do lessons employ narrative to enrich student understanding?

SIGNIFICANCE

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The QT model translates simply as:

• What do I want my students to learn?• Why does that matter?

• What am I going to get them to do?• How well do I expect them to do it?

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Supporting students in their learning

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The unit: look how far we have come!

• Mid points for your class to reflect on where they are going and what they have achieved and mastered and what they have not.

• Celebrate the mid points of mastery and the ‘ah‐ha’ moments.

• Reinforce students as individuals or groups for their progress on the continuum.

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Some ideas to help you in the classroom.

• Literacy strategies• Scaffolding• Explicit teaching• Do we all know what is required?

• No secret teacher’s business

• Repetoire of strategies• Small group work

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Students need support: not secret teacher’s/marker’s business: scaffolding 

• The teacher has to provide this scaffold to support the construction, which is proceeding from the ground into the atmosphere of the previously unknown. 

• The scaffold is the environment the teacher creates, the instructional support, and the processes and language that are lent to the student in the context of approaching a task and developing the abilities to meet it. 

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Scaffolding tasks.

• Have lead up tasks which build skills and confidence.

• Model responses• Model and collaboratively write introductions, short answers.

• Unpack the task together.

• Be sure everyone understands what has to be done.

• Group discussion• Drafts for feedback• Quick turnaround of marking with constructive feedback.

• Reflection by students on their progress.

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Your task as a teacher is to develop competence and confidence in your students  

• Students have a need to develop and exhibit competence. 

• Teachers must assist them to develop competence as they engage in challenging tasks in which they can be successful 

• A meaningful learning context is crucial. Learning is purposeful and situated.

• Vygotsky wrote, ‘What the child can do in cooperation today he can do alone tomorrow’ (1934). 

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End point tasksThese need to be a natural culmination of the aims, outcomes and content and skills coverage from the unit.The task needs to have been unpacked and clarified and all students need to be absolutely sure of what is required‐ do not take this for granted.Scaffolding and modeling needs to have occurred for all age groups and ability levels so that what you thought you intended is actually what the task says and that it is possible to do. 

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Literacy is every teacher’s job and could be the key to success in your classroom.

• We need to ensure that students have the confidence and competence to achieve in our classroom otherwise this will lead to disengagement and disruption. 

• Read aloud

• Be sure your students can read and understand the task.

• Equip them with the metalanguage of your subject.

• Help them with literacy in your subject.

• Use a variety of literacy strategies

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Explicit  teaching • makes assessment and 

learning purposes and goals clear by presenting students with ‘upfront’ information about the new learning in terms of the primary topic and purpose for the learning or assessment task

• engages student thinking for the purpose of learning about specific aspects of literacy and involves a clear progressive lesson structure that allows introduction‐elaboration‐practice‐summary/review.

• It requires the teacher to work within a structured framework for the focused teaching of all aspects of literacy that connects what is new to what is known

• assesses student learning throughout the lesson by monitoring the talk. It responds to student contributions in a way that makes the connections to specific learning a priority

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Page 96: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

Develop a repertoire of teaching strategies to suit student needs

• As an actor plays many parts in different genres

• As a musician plays different types of music for different occasions

• As an artist uses different techniques and materials to get the idea across 

• Be flexible and keep learning 

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Page 97: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

Small group work • How do I do it?• arrange according to the purpose ‐

friendship groups, skill groups, interest groups, outcome groups

• Organise furniture to support movement and interaction

• Assign roles within the groups: recorder, reporter, discussion monitor etc) DeBono's hats

• Make the group work purposeful and clear and  share results with the whole group at the end

• SGD develops collegial practices and helps students  arrive at shared understanding

• Welcome to Room xx• This room is set up

for group work (see diagram). If you need to move the furniture please return it to the way you found it. Many thanks

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Page 98: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

Small group work works in every subject  

• How can I adapt it?• Very adaptable ‐ can be used for a variety of purposes• consider applying cooperative learning principles and using 

cooperative learning structures such as jigsaw to overcome drawbacks of traditional small groups such as unequal division of labour, lack of participation by all members. 

• How can it be used to evaluate students' learning?• By observing groups at work and involving students in self and peer 

assessment, you can gain information about students:• social skills• ability to contribute ideas• explanations of opinions and information• speaking and listening skills

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Page 99: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

Small group work • What is its purpose?• To encourage 

participation in a non threatening environment

• To maximise success• To develop collegial 

practices• To arrive at shared 

understanding• To share knowledge• To allow for focussed

teaching

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Page 100: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

An early career teacher on group work

“I first realized the importance of working in small groups so much after a project designing a lesson for one of our classes. It had been a frustrating process where personalities clashed and making decisions that everyone agreed on seemed impossible. When we went to present our final product, it ended up being a successful lesson.”

“In reflecting on the experience, I realized that all the struggling pushed us to come up with compromises that were creative and exciting. We ended up with a product that was much better than anything I could have came up with on my own. Learning to work together and communicate respectfully, even when there was a difference of opinion, is the kind of real‐life learning that I really appreciate.”

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Page 101: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

What challenges you most?

Technology:• Want to use• Does not work• Network overloaded• Vandalism• Sites blocked

Page 102: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

USING TECHNOLOGY TO ENGAGE AND ENHANCE

• Apps• E‐books• Internet sites• Interactive sites• Digital narrative• Blogs• Ipad

Page 103: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

Is your electronic classroom organised?

The quickest way to a disaster is to allow the technology to defeat you.

Page 104: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

Electronic orgniastion

• This is especially challenging for many students‐ sounds strange but organization for some is just as difficult electronically as it is in the hard copies.

• Have this discussion in your faculties.

How can we monitor that students have organized their work in the digital landscape?

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The digital environment

• Do you have systems for charging and organisingcomputers, cords, power boards, maintenance on the computers, updating and upgrading your faculty computers?

• You should ensure that you faculty has the best possible computer access with the latest versions and the fastest system possible. 

Page 106: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

Teacher Self‐Reflection questions

• Ask Yourself:What counts in my lessons? Do I accomplish what I set out to teach? How do I know? Is it evidenced in the talk of the classroom?

• Do I use assessment information to guide my practice? Do I plan for learning opportunities where the purposes for the learning are clear and well‐defined?

• How do I introduce the main learning goals of the lesson? Is the new learning made explicit? Do I share with students the specific nature of the task, the rationale for learning and its value to their learning?

• Does the talk ensure students are aware of what it is that they will be expected to demonstrate to show achievement of the task?

• Is the literacy learning focus maintained throughout the lesson?

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Page 107: Classroom Management through Effective Teaching · • They work hard • They are flexible and fair • They work as part of a team • adapted from What Does An Effective Year 12

Teacher Self‐Reflection questions

• Does my talk authentically respond to students learning needs in a way that supports and extends their learning?

• Do I scaffold the learner through explicitly demonstrating and modelling new skills and knowledge?

• Do I provide explicit feedback to students that specifically links lesson goals to student responses and performance?

• Do I allow time in the lesson conclusion to connect students to their learning for students to reflect on, reformulate or articulate their learning?

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Finally……

REFLECT ON WHAT YOU DO WELL…AND CELEBRATE YOUR OWN SUCCESSES IN THE GRETAEST JOB OF ALL!