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8/8/2019 Classroom Man

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Instructional factors that facilitateeffective learning

- Critical instructional steps- Strategies to assist learning

by ZANARIAH ABDULLAH2007143775


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Instruction- the set of behaviors required toeffectively guide/facilitate student learning

outcomes Teachers role:

Facilitate the learning process & guide

students in interactions with ideas, materials& people

focus : how students learn & on how best tomeet students need

scaffold the level of support from explicit toimplicit instruction


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Explicit

Emphasizes: mastery ofskills & concepts

Teacher maintaining afirm control of T&L

process throughprocedures:demonstrating,modeling, providingopportunities

Preferred: Ss do nothave a depth of priorknowledge & need todevelop proficiency in

specific skills

Implicit

Emphasizes: thethought processinvolved in learning

Ex: when Ss discover

new knowledge &construct their ownmeanings

Appropriate: focus is oncontent (build on Sswell-developed priorknowledge) & Ss arecapable of independentproblem solving


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Critical Instructional Steps

STEP 1 Establishing the learning set

STEP 2 Facilitating the learningprocess

STEP 3 monitoring the process

STEP 4 Evaluating and giving feedback


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STEP 1 Establishing the learning set

1. Teacher motivates students by

- Clearly stating goals

- Indicating the relevance of the lesson

- Establishing the expectation of success

2. Review previous days work & link new learningto it

3. Advance organizers: outlining the lesson,providing key concepts & vocab

4. Task need to be explained in sufficient detail

5. Ss understanding need to be checked frequently


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STEP 2 Facilitating the learning process

1. Ss need to interact with the lesson content &receive appropriate emo. & intel. Support

2. Teachers role:

- Ensure such opportunity exist

- Maintain quality of the instruction (givingprompt)

- Ensure Ss maintain a high-rate of task-engagement

- Give corrective feedback


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STEP 3 Monitoring the process

1. Independent practice: activities that Ss can completewithout teacher assistance

2. Importance: consolidate learning & develop fluency nautomaticity of response

3. Provided opportunities: peer tutoring, cooperativelearning

4. Ongoing monitoring: high levels of interaction btw Ts& Ss

5. Importance: to ensure Ss remain focused on learningtask & continually progressing towards learningoutcomes

6. Frequent check & careful monitoring- establishdeeper understanding & allow Ts to gauge level of

support


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STEP 4 Evaluating & giving feedback

1. Feedback is necessary:

- Feedback is proactive in continuing the

learning process- Recognition is given to individual learning

rates and needs

- New goals can be established based onevaluation


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Levels of Learning

Acquisition Getting it right

Fluency Getting it right faster

Maintenance Continuing to get it right over

time

Generalization Getting it right in a range of

situations


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Strategies to assist learning

1. Content enhancement

2. Teaching students to use learning strategies


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Content enhancement

Help prepare Ss for a lesson

Verbal/ written- indicate content of the lesson

Advanceorganizers

Help Ss organize various aspects of info

Maps, to introduce a topicVisual displays

Direct Qs that require short answer(at the end ofchapter)

Ex: outline of the overall lesson/ set of words &definitions

Study guide

Facilitate info. Acquisition

Consist of the first letter of key words that makeup an easily remembered word

Mnemonicdevices

A framework to assist Ss to build priorknowledge as they understanding new info

Guide Ss to attend to the relevant parts of a storyStory maps


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Teaching Ss to use learning strategies

Rehearsal strategies

-individual silent strategies

Elaboration strategies

-forming mental image ofconcept

Organizational strategies

- Develop own processes fororganizing info

Checking for understanding

- Self -questioning

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