Incidence of learning Disability:

Currently, almost 2.9 million school-aged children in the United States are classified as having specific learning disabilities and receive some kind of special education support. In fact, over half of all children who receive special education have a learning disability (24th Annual Report to Congress . . . , 2002). They are approximately 5% of all school-aged children in public schools. (These numbers do not include children in private and religious schools or home-schooled children.) Learning disabilities is by far the largest category of special education.

Classifications of Learning Disability:1.)Language-related learning disabilities are problems that interfere with age-appropriate communication, including speaking, listening, reading, spelling, and writing.a. receptive language problemPeople with receptive language disorder may have difficulty understanding spoken language, responding appropriately, or both. This leads to substantial difficulty communicating. Thy have difficulty with language processing and the connection between words and ideas they represent. Some people may also have problems with pronunciation of words and speech / sound production.

b. expressive language problemPeople with expressive language disorders may understand what is said to them or written in passages, but they have substantial difficulty communicating. They have difficulty with language processing and the connection between words and ideas they represent. Some people may also have problems with pronunciation of words.2.) Reading Disabilities

-Federal Definition:a. basic reading(word content)

-aka dyslexia; it is defined in the 20th Century as word blindness, visual agnosia for words and specific reading disability (Doris 1973)-Is one of the distinct learning disabilities. It is a specific language based disorder characterized by difficulties in the level of accurate and fluent single word decoding skills, usually associated with insufficient phonological processing and rapid naming abilities. It is manifested with variable difficulty with different forms of language, often including, in addition to problems reading, a problem in acquiring proficiency in writing and spelling. Reading comprehensions are common problems reflecting word decoding and fluency problems. ( International Dyslexia Society,Lyon,1995;Shaywitz,1996 as cited by Fletcher et.al)-reading words backwards,-most common form of LD and has its origin in the language systemb. reading comprehension- inability to comprehend what is being read.

3. Information-processing disorders are learning disorders related to a person’s ability to use the information that they take in through their senses – seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, and touching.These problems are not related to an inability to see or hear. Instead, the conditions affect the way thebrain recognizes, responds to, retrieves, and stores sensory information.

4.. Math DisabilityDyscalculia is a learning disability related to math. Those with dyscalculia may have difficultyunderstanding math concepts and solving even simple math problems.

5.Written Expression—Spelling, text, handwritingDysgraphia is a learning disability related to handwriting. People with this condition may have problems forming letters as they write or may have trouble writing within a defined space.

Ref. http://www.education.com/reference/article/prevalence-learning-disabilities/ http://www.nrcld.org/resources/ldsummit/fletcher.pdf http://www.overcoming-learning-disabilities.com/types-of-learning-disabilities.html