classification. chapter 1 lesson 2 vocabulary classification- orderly arrangement of organisms into...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 1 Lesson 2 Vocabulary
Classification- Orderly arrangement of organisms into groups based on similar characteristics.
Biologists use classification to make organisms easier to study.
Taxonomy- is the scientific study of how organisms are classified.
Vocab. Continued!!!!!!!
Carolus Linnaeus is considered the founder of Taxonomy. He came up with the system that gave every living thing a two word name (genus and species). This is called binomial nomenclature (two names naming system)
ex. Before Linnaeus the honey bee was called Apis pubescens thorace subgriseo abdomine fusco pedibus posticus glabris utrinque margine ciliatus.Oh wowww!!!!!!!!!! Thank goodness for Carolus Linnaeus!!After his naming, the honey bee is Apis melliferaThe two part naming is made up of the genus and the species.
Elephas maximus ↓ ↓Genus Species
The first part of the name (genus) is always capitalized.The second part of the name (species) is lower case.
The name is either underlined or italicized.
Examples: Tyrannosauarus rex Canis lupus Luiquidambar styraciflua ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Genus species Genus species Genus species
Advantages of scientific names:
• They eliminate confusion. No matter what language scientists speak in their country, scientific names are always in Latin or Greek.
• Organisms may have many common names but only 1 scientific name.
Bonjour Adios sayonara
Taxonomic Keys
• These are special guides to identify an unknown organism. It is made up of descriptive statements with either a “yes” or “no” answer. By working through the statements, a person can identify a species. (p. 20)
Branching Tree Diagrams
• Diagrams that show evolutionary relationships between organisms. The closer an organism is to another, the more closely related they are. (p. 27)
Domain Bacteria
Prokaryotic (no nucleus)Unicellular Cell wallSome are autotrophs, some
heterotrophsThey live everywhere, are in YOU, most
are helpfulOldest organisms (3.5 billion years)
Domain Bacteria Examples
E. coli, Strep, tuberculosis, salmonellaMany are decomposers, Lactobacillus acidophilus makes yogurt
Domain Archaea
Prokaryotic (no nucleus), Unicellular Cell wallSome are autotrophs
and some are heterotrophs
Domain Archaea Examples
There are three main types:
salt lovers, heat lovers, and methane producers (found inside cows)!
These ancient (archae) bacteria live in extreme environments!
Domain EukaryaKingdom Protista
Eukaryotic (cell has a nucleus, membrane covered organelles)
Most are unicellularSome are autotrophs, some
heterotrophsProtists evolved from bacteria and other
organisms evolved from protists
Domain EukaryaKingdom Protista examples
Three types: plant-like, animal-like, fungus-like
Ameba, Euglena, volvox, slime mold, seaweed
Domain EukaryaKingdom Fungi
EukaryoticCell wall Mostly multicellularAll are heterotrophs (first digest then absorb their food)
Domain EukaryaKingdom Fungi examples
Molds, yeasts, mushroomsSome fungi are helpful (decomposers,
food, antibiotics such as penicillin); others are harmful (poison, disease)
Domain EukaryaKingdom Plantae
Eukaryotic Cell wallMulticellularAutotrophPlants have tissues and organs and
complex sexual reproduction cycles
Domain EukaryaKingdom Animalia
EukaryoticMulticellularNo cell wallsHeterotrophsMost have organ systemsand movement All reproduce sexually.