class, conflict & culture in the english colonies
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Class, Conflict & Culture in the English Colonies. Ch. 4 - 5. Was the pre-1700 society of the southern colonies homogenous or heterogeneous when compared to that of New England? SFI List Thesis Statement. Warm Up. With your group: Read the Virginia Slave Code handout - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Class, Conflict & Culture in the English Colonies
Ch. 4 - 5
Warm Up
Was the pre-1700 society of the southern colonies homogenous or heterogeneous when compared to that of New England?
SFI List
Thesis Statement
Slavery Symposium
With your group:Read the Virginia Slave Code handout
◦Identify the intended social outcomes behind these restrictions (on your own paper)
Discuss your assigned article & on chart paper:◦What does your article’s title mean?◦Identify the author’s thesis (in your own words)◦Give us the jist
The 5 facts we should take away from your presentation
Conflict in the Colonies
Bacon’s Rebellion Leisler’s Rebellion Virginia 1676 back country planter
Nathaniel Bacon Poor freemen, small
farmers indiscriminately attacked Indians & burned the capital
Put down by Gov. Berkeley Encouraged planters to
seek slaves instead of indentures
New York City 1689-91 Jacob Leisler, Protest
merchant led a rebellion again James Iis policies
Wealthy landholders versus merchants
Dominion of New England Royal-led (James II) attempt
to unify the colonies and enforce the Navigation Acts
Taxed people unfairly Collapsed due to Glorious
Revolution
Salem Witch Trials
Waning religious devotion by 1660s
Congregationalist Church (Puritan) created new formula to admit members –halfway covenant
Only baptism required, not full conversion
Created bigger division b/w ‘elect’ & everyone else
Majority of members were women
By the 1690s, widening social stratification led to conflict
Established poor farming families accused new merchants class families of acts of witch craft
Just the word of teenage girls & overzealous clergy convicted many
20 were killed and dozens indicted in 1692-93
Warm Up“What then is an American, this new
man?”◦This quote from Guillaume Jean de
Crevecoeur described Americans as a new kind of people, different from their European counterparts. Defend his position using your knowledge of Unit 1.
Colonial Society 1700 - 1775
About 90% of the population was involved in farming Fishing & shipbuilding were major industries
◦ 40% of all British ships were made in the colonies From 1700-1775 the population of the American colonies
surged, leading to a political imbalance◦ 1700:20 English for 1 Amer. colonist◦ 177:3 English for 1 Amer. Colonist
Increasing social stratification (lack of movement) after 1750 due to:◦ Wealthy merchant class that profited from colonial wars◦ Many widows & orphans due to colonial wars◦ Supply of available land in New England decreased and farms
subdivided (got smaller) through inheritance◦ Indentured servants◦ Convicts◦ Slave trade increased; supported by English crown
Scots-Irish
7% of non-English populationNot Irish, but Scot lowlandersPrimarily ProtestantTypically pushed out to the frontier lands
of NC, western MD, northwest VATypically anti-Indian; and anti-eliteSupported the Paxton Boys of PA and the
Regulator Movement in NC
Slaves20% of colonial
population by 1775Integral part of the
triangular trade system
NE (rum)to West Africa (slaves), West Africa (slaves) to West Indies (molasses), West Indies (molasses) to New England
Great Awakening
By the 1730s, most colonists were Congregationalists, Anglicans or Presbyterians
Catholics & Jews were the smallest groups, and discriminated against
Calvinist churches experienced a religious revival ◦ No salvation in good works, only through
divine grace◦ Inspired conversion and high emotionalism
Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield Old Lights vs. New Lights
◦ Inspired new universities to prepare preachers (Dartmouth, Princeton, Brown, Rutgers)
Education
Early Puritan settlers saw the need for literacy
NE had many elementary (boys & girls) & secondary schools (boys), but far less common in the middle and south –elementary only
Religion & classical languagesMost colleges began as seminaries,
except the University of PA
The American CharacterBenjamin Franklin (home grown)
◦Author, inventor, businessman, statesman
◦Poor Richard’s Almanack ◦Invented ‘modern’ stove, bifocals
Phyllis Wheatley (poet)John Singleton Copley, John Trumbull
(artists)
John Singleton Copley