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Prescribed by National Curriculum and Textbook Board as a Textbook (Bangla version) for Class Four from 2004, English version of the book from academic year 2007.

RELIGIOUS STUDIES: ISLAM

Class Four

Written by Prof. Muhammad Mansurur Rahman

Prof. Muhammad Tamijuddin

Prof. Muhammad Nazrul Islam Khan

Edited by Prof. A.N.M. Abdul Mannan Khan

Translated by

Md. Abul Kalam Shamsuddin

Deputy Director (Associate Professor of English)

SESIP, Directorate of Secondary & Higher Education

&

Md. Fazlul Haque Khan

Ex-Chairman, Department of Sociology

Jagannath College, Dhaka

NATIONAL CURRICULUM & TEXTBOOK BOARD, DHAKA

Published by National Curriculum and Textbook Board

69-70, Motijheel Commercial Area, Dhaka-1000.

[All rights reserved by the publisher]First Print (Bangla version) : September 2005First Print (English Version) : February 2007

2nd Print (English version) : March 2008

Reprint (English Version) : April 2009

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Cover & Illustrations:Domion Neoton Pinaru

Picture Coloured byAhmed Ullah

Printing Supervision

Md. Hemayet Uddin Howlader

Design National Curriculum and Textbook Board

Website version developed by Mars Solutions Limited

Preface

For improving the existing quality of Primary Education in Bangladesh, National Curriculum and Textbook Board (NCTB) in collaboration with PEDP-2 initiated an extensive program for development of curriculum and teaching learning materials in 2002. In the light of this program the curriculum, textbooks and other teaching learning materials of Primary levels have been prepared, revised and evaluated.

The textbook entitled, 'Religious Studies: Islam' has been prepared on the basis of attainable competencies for the students of Class Four. The subject matter of the textbook is derived from the basic issues of Islam familiar to the children through their family practices. This will facilitate our young learners to know how they can make best use of this religious knowledge & values in their day-to-day life.

The contents of the book are analyzed and explained in such a manner with practical examples, illustrations and system of planned activities, that students are inspired to study the subject with a keen interest.

This book is originally published in Bangla. From this year NCTB is publishing the English version of the textbook. English is the language of choice in today's globalized world. To facilitate the verbal and written communication skills of our future citizens and suitably prepare them for international competition, we decided to translate the original Bangla textbooks into English. It's pleasant to note that the number of English medium schools in Bangladesh is increasing very fast. In this context NCTB decided to publish all the textbooks of Primary level in English. This was a big endeavour for us. Despite our all efforts the first edition may not be totally error free. However, in the future editions we shall try to remove all errors and discrepancies.

Finally, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks and gratitude to those who have made their valuable contributions in writing, editing, evaluating and translating this book. I sincerely hope that the book will be useful to those for whom it has been prepared.

Prof. Md. Mostafa Kamaluddin Chairman

National Curriculum and Textbook Board

Dhaka

Chapter -I Arabic Letters and words with Zajam 61Iman and Aqaid 1 Arabic Letters and Words with Tashdeed 62 Who is Allah ? 1 Formation of Arabic words 62Allah,the Creator 2 To know Madd 64 Allah,the Lord 3 Tajbeed 66 Allah, the All-Powerful 5 Makhraz 66 Allah, the Law-Giver 7 Idgaam 67 Allah, the Peace-Giver 9 Ijhar 68 Kalima Shahadat 10 Sura Al-Fatiha 68 Iman Muzmal 11 Sura An-Nasr 69 Iman Mufassal 12 Sura Al-Lahab 69 Chapter - II Sura Al-Ikhlas 70 Ibadat 24 Chapter - IV Wuzu (Ablution) 25 Akhlaq (Character) 73 Gusal (Taking bath) 27 To Honour the Parents 74 Ajan (Call to Salat) 29 To Honour the Teachers 76 Iqamat 32 To Honour the Elders and Love the Tashah-hud 32 Youngers 77 Darood 33 To Behave well with the Neighbours 78 Dua Masura 33 Nursing the Patient 79 Salam 34 Speaking the Truth 81 Munajat 34 Keeping Promise 82 Salat 35 Not to be greedy 83 Ahkams of Salat 35 Not to waste 84 Times of Performing Salat 37 Not to backbite 84 Arkans of Salat 38 Chapter -V How to offer Salat? 38 Nabi - Rasuls (the Prophets) 93 The Salatul Jumah 40 Life and Ideals of the Greatest Prophet 93 The Rewards for Salatul Jumah 42 Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) 94 The Salatul Eid 43 Names of some other Nabi - Rasuls 99 The Rules of Performing Salatul Eid 44 Hamd-e-Ilahi 100 The Eidul Fitr 44 Na't -e- Rasul (Sm) 101 The Eidul Adha 45 Chapter-III How to Learn the Qura'n Majid? 49 Arabic Alphabet 50 Different Forms of Arabic Letters 54 Arabic Harafs with harkat and formation of words 57 Arabic Harafs and words with Tanbeen 58

Contents

Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem(In the name of Allah, the most Beneficient, the most Merciful)

Islamic Studies

Chapter -I

Iman and Aqaid

The meaning of 'Iman' is faith. As a religion, Islam has some particular basic aspects of its own. To have faith in these aspects is called 'Iman'. The aspects which are related to Iman are called 'Aqaid'. 'Aqaid' is the plural form of 'Aqida'. To become a true Muslim a man must have pure Iman and Aqaid.

To have Iman, we must know about Allah. Allah is He who is the creator of the earth, the sky, the sun, the moon and the stars. He is the creator of water, air, fire and soil. He is the creator of lakes and rivers, seas and oceans, hills and mountains. He is the creator of plants and trees, flowers and fruits, woods and forests. He is the creator of men and women, animals, birds and insects and all other creatures. Allah is the creator of all

Who is Allah, the Great?

2 Iman and Aqaid

natural things and beings we see on earth. It is He who looks after us. We will have to return to Him after our death.

Allah is Great. He has no beginning and no end. He is all Kind and Merciful. We offer our ibadat (loyalty) only to Him. There is existence of strength in our body, although we can not see or touch it. We can feel the love of mother but we can not see it. So is the case with Allah. Allah has His existence but we can not see Him. He does not have any shape or form. He is one and unique. He has no partner. There is none who is equal to Him.

Allah, the Creator

Allahu Khaliqun. Allah is Khaliq. The word 'Khaliq' means creator. All the things of the universe are created by Allah. He is

3Religious Studies: Islam

Great. The sun and the moon give us light. Rain falls from the clouds in the sky. Crops and vegetables grow in the fields. We

get food from them. Other creatures also get food from them. All these are the creations of Allah.

We live in an environment. This environment is created with the sun, the moon, rivers, hills and mountains, plants and trees. There are also flowers and fruits, animals, birds and insects in our environment. We have to keep our environment neat and clean and beautiful. We shall make a beautiful life. All the things in the sky and on earth are the creations of Allah. We live by His kindness. He brings us up. He is most merciful.

Allah, the Lord

Allahu Malikun. Allah is Malik. Malik means lord. Allah is the lord of all things and beings. He is the Owner of everything.

The Qura'n Majid says, "Allah is the Supreme Owner of all the things of heaven and earth." We see many big and small creatures. They are spread all around us.

There are many small creatures like tiny sparrows, ants and other insects. There are also other creatures which are smaller than them. We can not even see them with our eyes.

Cows, buffaloes, elephants, camels and many other big animals

4 Iman and Aqaid

are there on earth. Again, there are so many mines of coal, gas and petrol under earth. These are also the creations of Allah.

There are various kinds of fishes in our rivers, lakes, canals and ponds. There are whales, sharks, hippopotamus, crocodiles, dolphins and many other big and small creatures in the seas. We see big and small trees and plants, flowers and fruits and so many animals and birds in the forests.

Whatever we see in this world belongs to Allah. In the sky, we see the sun, the moon, the planets and galaxy of stars. There are also planets, minor planets satellites, milky way, nebula etc. in the sky. There are stars which are million times bigger than this vast world. Clouds of various colours float in the sky. The seven skies are placed layer by layer in the vast space.

Allah is the Lord of all the things in the sky. He has created all these only for us. We are human beings. Allah is our Lord. He brings up all human beings Death of man happens according to His will. No one can stop Him if He wants someone to die. He


is also the Lord of our life and our weal and woe. There is no partner in His domain. There is no end of His Lordship.

We believe: Allah is the Lord of our wealth and property.

Allah is the Supreme Lord of this earth and sky.

Allah is the Lord of our body and soul.

Allah is the Lord of our weal and woe.

Allahu Qadeerun. Allah is Qadeer. Qadeer means All-Powerful. Allah is All-Powerful. Everyday we see the golden and beautiful morning. Everyday the sun rises making the east colourful and sets in the west at the end of the day. Gradually night falls. Darkness covers everything around us. Who brings about these changes? It is Allah, Who is All-Powerful, brings about these changes. He is the

Allah, the All-Powerful

6 Iman and Aqaid

owner of unlimited power. He has the power to do everything.

We need light, air and water for our living. No creature can live without light, water and air. Even plants and trees cannot live without them.

Allah gives us necessary light, air and water for our living. Again, somtimes this light, air and water go against us. They cause harm to us at the command of Allah.

We see in the month of Baishakh that suddenly dark clouds cover the north-west side of the sky. Then within a few moments the entire sky is covered with darkness.

It brings terrible storms. Big trees and plants are uprooted, and houses are destroyed. Everything is overturned within a short time.

Again, sometimes excessive flood washes away trees, cattle, poultry and houses along with it. At this, many people and other creatures die. All these happen at the will of Allah. He has the supreme ownership over light, air, water and all the things and


beings. Farmers sow seeds on the soil but they have no power to grow saplings. Actually saplings grow and develop with grains and crops under the power of Allah.

If Allah, the Great, wishes to do good to anybody, no one can harm him. If He wishes to punish someone, nobody can resist Him from doing so.

Allah is All-Powerful. There is none who is as powerful as He is.

Allahu Hakimun. Allah is Hakim. Hakim means the law-giver as well as the giver of commands. Allah is the Law-Giver and Giver of orders. He is the only owner to order and forbid. No one has the right to prescribe law for us, and order or forbid us except Allah.

The things and beings which we see around us are created by

Allah, the Law-Giver

8 Iman and Aqaid

Allah. He has also created other things and beings which we can not see. Men and women, birds and beasts, plants and trees, hills and mountains, rivers and lakes-all things have been created by Him. The sun, the moon, the galaxy of stars, clouds all are His creations. We can see these things. He has also created angels and jinns (a kind of supernatural beings). We can not see them.

Allah has created everything for the good of mankind. At His order the sun rises in the east, gives light and heat. Then it sets down in the west at the end of the day. Then darkness covers the earth and night falls. At His order clouds float in the sky. Rain falls and crops grow in the fields. Again, the cow gives milk, the horse pulls the cart, the camel works like the ship of desert. All of them obey the orders of Allah. A child is born in a family and brought up in it. They are to live along with their kith and kin and neighbours around.

We shall have to obey the orders of Allah. Thus we all shall live in peace. We shall not deprive anybody of his rights. We shall not tell lies or steal anybody's things. Allah has forbidden us to create dispute and quarrel among us. He has forbidden us to create indiscipline and disorder in society. We shall lead our life according to His law and order. We will be obedient to Allah and pray to Him according to the law and order given by Him.


We believe that Allah is the sole Owner of everything. He says, "Allah is the only Owner of giving law and order." We shall obey only the orders given by Him.

Allahu Salamun. Allah is Salam. Salam means peace. Allah is the Peace - Giver. We go to school everyday. We are regular students of the school. We read books. We write with pen in our exercise book. Sometimes, we lose our books or pencils. Then we become sad. When we find them we feel happy. Sometimes, we become ill and feel unhappy. Then we don't like to do anything. After that we recover by the grace of Allah, and we get peace of mind.

Our family consists of grand-parents, parents, brothers and sisters. Some time they fall in troubles. They have to face bad situations. Then we become anxious. We pray to Allah. Allah removes our troubles and we become happy. Wealth and property cannot give us peace. Long time ago there was a man named Karun. He had unlimited wealth and riches. But he was not at all grateful to Allah in spite of so much wealth. He did not obey His orders. At last, Allah, the Almighty, ruined him.

Thousands of years ago there were two kings named Namrud and Feraun (Pharaoh). They were kings of vast kingdoms. They claimed themselves to be the gods. But Allah, the Almighty, destroyed them both.

Allah, the Peace -Giver

10 Iman and Aqaid

Allah is the Giver of peace and happiness. He gets peace of mind whom Allah gives it. He gets peace even if he lives in a hut. He gets peace even he is in wants. It is only Allah Who is the owner of peace. Those who obey His orders get peace and happiness here and hereafter. We have to pray only to Allah for our peace and happiness.

Kalimatu Shahadatin. Kalima means sentence or saying or statement. Shahadat means giving testimony. Kalima Shahadat means the statement of giving testimony. Through this Kalima we express our obedience to one Allah and we testify that Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) is His Nabi and Rasul. Thus we take Iman, and we become believers (Mumin) and Muslims. We believe: Allah is our Creator, Sustainer and Protector. He is Almighty. He is the Peace-Giver. There is no one but Allah is fit for getting ibadat from us. He is One and Unique. He has no partner. Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) is His humble Servant. He is the Nabi and Rasul of Allah. Allah gives us food, peace and happiness. In Kalima Shahadat we admit Allah and give testimony of our Iman (faith) in Allah . We recognise Him. We also take Iman in His Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sm). Kalima Shahadat

Kalima Shahadat (The Statement of Testimony)

Ash-hadu Allaa-ilaha-illallahu wahdahu

Laasharika lahu wa-ash hadu anna

Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluhu.


There are two parts in Kalima Shahadat:

Part-I: Ash-hadu allaa-ilaha-illallahu wahdahu laa sharikalahu.

Meaning: I give testimony that there is no Lord but Allah Who is One and Who has no partner.

Part-II: Wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluhu.

Meaning: And I further give testimony that Muhammad (Sm) is His Slave and Prophet.

What we have learnt in Kalima Shahadat: There is none but Allah is fit for getting ibadat from us. Allah is One and Unique. He has no partner.

We have also learnt: Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) is His dearest servant and Rasul. He is our model and guide to the right path. The Prophet (Sm) has shown us the way to please Allah.

We believe that Allah is One and Unique. He is the Owner of all beautiful attributes. To believe in Allah, to believe in all His attributes, to give verbal expression of these beliefs and to accept all His orders and forbiddings are altogether called Iman. Iman means faith or belief. Those who accept Iman are

Iman Muzmal (Faith in brief)

12 Iman and Aqaid

called Mumins or believers.

By Iman we understand:

1. To Believe in Allah and in His attributes at heart.

2. To admit it verbally.

3. To comply with Allah's orders and forbiddings.

To accept these aspects of Iman is called Iman Muzmal. Muzmal means aspects of Iman (faith) in brief.

Iman Muzmal:

Meaning: I believe in Allah as He is and with all His names and attributes. And I accept all His orders and commands, laws and orders.

In our previous lesson we have learnt about Iman Muzmal. We will now know about Allah, the Almighty, His Rasul, the

Amantu billaahi kama hua

bi-asma-i-hee-wa sifatihee

wa qabiltu jamiya

Ahkamihee wa arkanihee

Iman Mufassal (Detailed faith)


Day of Judgement and some other aspects of Iman in detail. We must believe these matters. To know all the aspects of Iman in detail as well as to believe in them is called 'Iman Mufassal'. Iman means faith or belief. Mufassal means detailed. Thus Iman Mufassal means detailed faith or detailed Iman

Meaning: I have faith in Allah, His angels, His Books (revealed) and His Rasuls. I also have faith in the Day of Judgement, in the goodness and badness of fate and in the life after death.

We accept seven aspects in Iman-Mufassal:

1. Allah;

2. Angels;

Iman Mufassal (Detailed Faith):

Amantu billaahi wa malaikatihee wa

kutubihee wa-rasulihee wal yaumil

akhiri wal-qadri khairihee wa

sharrihee minal-laahi ta'ala

Wal ba'si ba' dal maut

14 Iman and Aqaid

3. Kitabs (Heavenly Books);

4. Rasuls of Allah;

5. The Day of Judgement;

6. Fate (taqdeer);

7. Life after death.

The First Aspect of Iman: Faith in Allah

Allah, the Great, has created heaven, earth and all human beings. He has created trees, plants, birds and animals, light and air - everything of this world. He is the most Beneficient. Allah, the Great, is one and unique. There is none to share with Him. He knows all, sees all and hears all. He is Almighty. He exists everywhere and everytime. Allah sees all that we do openly. He also sees all what we do secretly. He knows all what we say. He also knows all what we think. Nothing remains unknown or secret to Him.

When we think good, do good and speak good, Allah becomes pleased with us. And we get peace. If we think bad and do bad work, Allah becomes displeased with us. Then we fall in sufferings. Allah says to us: "You remember me, and I shall also remember you." We get peace of mind when we remember


Allah.

The Second Aspect of Iman: Belief in the angels

Angels are a kind of creation of Allah. They are made of noor. Noor means light. They always obey Allah. They never disobey Him. There are a great number of angels. Of them, four angels are greater. The names of the four are given below:

Hazrat Jibrail (A): He used to come to the Prophets with the wahi of Allah. Wahi means the message of Allah.

Hazrat Mikail (A): He does the duties of distributing food and giving rains.

Hazrat Azrail (A): He is the angel of death. He takes away the souls of human beings, jinns and all living creatures.

Hazrat Israfil (A): At the order of Allah, he will blow the trumpet on the doomsday. At this, all the creations will be destroyed. Again, he will blow the trumpet and all creatures will come to life by the will of Allah.

Moreover, there are two groups of famous angels. One group of them keeps the records of good actions and bad actions of human beings. They are called the Kiraman and Katibin respectively. Another group of angels will ask questions about Allah, His Rasul and Islam in the grave after our death. They are called the Munkar and Nakir.

16 Iman and Aqaid

The Third Aspect of Iman : Belief in the Asmani Kitabs (Heavenly Books)

We know that Hazrat Jibrail (A) used to come to Nabis and Rasuls with wahi of Allah. Wahi means the message of Allah. Sometimes His message came in the form of books. These are called Asmanee Kitabs (Heavenly Books). These books contain the teachings for the goodness and welfare of human beings. They contain the guidance for the salvation of the human beings.

There are 104 Heavenly Books. Four of them are big and more important. They are the Tawrat, the Jabur, the Injil and the Qur'an Majid. The rest hundred books are small. These are called Sahifa. Sahifa means booklets. Of all the Heavenly books, the Quran is the greatest one.

The Qur'an Majid was revealed on the greatest Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sm). The Qur'an Majid is the book of Allah. It is the latest of all Heavenly Books. It contains all the words of messages and guidance for men of all times and of all countries till time of the Doomsday. Hedayat means the way to be good and to get the path of Allah.


The Fourth Aspect of Iman: Belief in the Nabi-Rasuls of Allah

We enjoy the gifts of Allah. It was not known to us how we should express gratitude to Allah for His gifts to us. We did not know to express our gratitude to Allah and please Him.

Allah Subhanuta'ala kindly sent Nabis and Rasuls to us. They informed us of the identity of Allah. They also taught us how we should offer our ibadat and prayer to Allah. They showed us the way how to please Him. Hazrat Adam (A) was the first Prophet and the last was Hazrat Muhammad (Sm). Many other prophets came in between these two prophets. Allah says, "There is no human habitation where I did not send any prophet." We will have faith in all the prophets.

In the Holy Qura'n we get the names of twenty-five Nabis and Rasuls. We have already known the names of some of other prophets excepting the great Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sm).

They were:

Hazrat Adam (A),

Hazrat Nooh (A),

Hazrat Ibra'him (A),

Hazrat Ism'ail (A), and

Hazrat Yousuf (A),

18 Iman and Aqaid

Now we will learn the names of some other prophets.

They are:

Hazrat Hud (A),

Hazrat Salih (A),

Hazrat Lut (A),

Hazrat Ishaq (A),

Hazrat Yakub (A),

Hazrat Musa (A),

Hazrat Ayub (A),

Gradually, we will come to know about many other prophets. We will pay our regards to all Nabis and Rasuls. We will build up our life after their models.

The Fifth Aspect of Iman : The Day of Judgment

We see that a man is born as a little baby. The baby grows up and gradually becomes old and dies. Some dies of illness. Some dies by accidents. Some dies at the tender age and some dies in the old age. All the living creatures like poultry, cattle, birds and animals etc. die. Plants dry up and become lifeless after sometime. Beautiful flowers fade away too.

If there is life, there is death. A day will come when everything will come to an end. Nothing will exist then. That day is called the Doomsday or Qiamat.


Allah declares: "All the creations will be destroyed but only Allah will exist." He also says: "Every living being will have to take the taste of death."

The Sixth Aspect of Iman : Belief in Taqdeer

Whatever happens in this world and in our life comes about by the definite order or will of Allah. He has decided everything beforehand. This pre-decision of Allah is called 'taqdeer'. We have to deeply believe that nothing happens without the decision of Allah that He has taken before. Allah rewards man with success if he keeps good intention and tries to do good deeds.

The Seventh Aspect of Iman : Belief in the life hereafter

There is another world after death. This life after death is called the Akhirat. This life in this world is the cornfield of Akhirat. Take an example: The farmer who takes care of the field and sows good seeds, reaps good crops. He becomes happy for his work. But the farmer who does not take good care of his field and neglects it, does not get good crops. He is not happy. Similarly, if a man does good work and follow the Prophet (Sm), he will be rewarded with heaven hereafter. There he will enjoy eternel peace and happiness. Again, the man who does not follow the way of Allah to please Him and does not do good works will remain in hell forever. Hell is the place of hard punishment. It is a place full of sorrows and sorrows. There he

20 Iman and Aqaid

will suffer from endless punishment and torture.

If we believe in the seven aspects of Iman-e-Mufassal, our Iman (faith) will be complete and perfect.

In these aspects we will keep Iman

And build up our life in the light of Iman.

Exercise

Objective type questions:

Tick (�) the correct answer

1. Who has created us?

(a) father (b) mother

(c) parents (d) Allah.

2. Who is our sustainer?

(a) the soil (b) Allah

(c) parents (d) the ruler of the country.

3. Who is the owner of the sky and the earth?

(a) kings (b) man

(c) Allah (d) jinns.

4. What is the meaning of Qadeer?

(a) Ever-living (b) All-powerful


(c) Everlasting (d) The merciful.

5. What does Kalima mean?

(a) time (b) sentence

(c) stories (d) tunes

6. What does Shahadat mean?

(a) to sit for test (b) to observe

(c) to give testimony (d) to give away

7. What does Iman Muzmal mean?

(a) faith in detail (b) faith in brief

(c) earnest faith (d) verbal faith

8. What sort of material are angels made of?

(a) earth (b) light

(c) fire (d) air

9. Which angel used to come with wahi (orders of Allah)?

(a) Azrail (b) Mikail

(c) Jibrail (d) Israfil.

10. Which angels question the dead in the grave?

(a) Munkir-Nakir (b) Kiraman-Katibin

(c) Mikail (d) Israfil?

11. How many Heavenly Books are there?

(a) 100 (b) 4

22 Iman and Aqaid

(c) 104 (d) 110

Fill in the blanks:

(a) _________ falls from the sky.

(b) Allah has ___________ us.

(c) _______ is Allah's words.

(d) All living beings will take the ____________ of death.

Match the words with correct meaning drawing lines:

a. Salam

b. Malik

c. Qadeer

d. Hakim

Match the correct answer by drawing lines:

a. Hazrat Daud (A)

b. Hazrat Musa (A)

c. Hazrat Isa (A)

d. Hazrat Muhammad (Sm)

Essay Type Questions1. Write in short about the existence of Allah, the Great.

2. Describe some attributes of Allah.

3. Explain clearly the meaning 'Allah is Hakim', the (Law-Giver).

4. Describe clearly the meaning 'Allah is Malik', the Lord of

a) The Qur'an Majidb) The Injilc) The Jaburd) The Towrat.

The LordAll-Powerful Law-GiverPeace


everything.

5. Write the meaning of Kalima Shahadat with its transliteration.

6. Give the meaning of Iman Mufassal in English.

7. Give the names of the great angels and describe their duties.

8. What do you understand by the Heavenly Books?

How many big and important Heavenly Books are there and what are they?

9. Why were Nabis and Rasuls sent to this world? Who is the first and who is the last of the prophets?

10. What do you understand by Akhirat or life hereafter? Write in detail.

Class Work

(a) Write the following words in the box of your exercise book.

(b) Make a list of the Aspects of Iman Mufassal.

(c) Draw the picture of a minaret of a mosque.

Chapter II

Ibadat (Loyalty to Allah)

Allah Ta'ala has created us. We are alive at His Mercy. He has created everything for us. And He has created us to remain loyal to Him. Ibadat means shwoing loyalty to Allah, obedience to Allah, to obey His orders. Ibadat means to abide by the orders of Allah and His Rasuls. To offer salat (Namaj), to keep fasting (Roza), to read the Holy Qur'an, in a word, to abide by all the orders and forbiddings of Allah, come under ibadat. To do good deeds is also ibadat. For example, nursing the sick, behaving nicely with people, speaking the truth and helping the poor etc. are ibadat.

Allah is pleased with those who do ibadat. We will get Allah's mercy and forgiveness both here and hereafter if we do ibadat. Allah says, "I have created jinns and mankind only that they might do ibadat towards me."

Allah says, "Allah loves them who keep themselves physically clean and mentally pure." Our great Prophet says, "Purity is part of Iman (faith)."

Taharat (Purity)

25Ibadat (Loyalty to Allah)

One needs to be clean and pure to perform salat. To remain clean and pure is called 'taharat'. Taharat means cleanliness and purity. Wuzu (ablution), gusal (taking bath) and doing tayammum are the means and ways to keep cleanliness and purity. Those who keep themselves pure and clean, put on clean clothes are loved by all. If we are physically clean and mentally pure, we feel good in body and mind, and we feel good to pay attention to studies.

Wuzu (Ablution)

In the Holy Qura'n Allah has commanded us to make wuzu before starting salat (namaz). There are many rules to follow for keeping oneself clean and pure. Wuzu is the best of them. Generally, the parts of the body which become dusty and dirty is washed by making wuzu. Salat cannot be offered without wuzu.

Farz items of wuzu

The compulsory (farz) items of wuzu (ablution) are as follows:

1. To wash face thoroughly;

2. To wash the hands well from the tips of the fingers upto the elbow;

3. To rub lightly at least over one-fourth of the hair of the head;

4. To wash the feet upto the ankles.

26 Religious Studies: Islam

Sunnat items of wuzu

Moreover, there are some other things to do. These are called sunnat, which our Holy Prophet (Sm) used to do:

(1) To make niyat before making wuzu;

(2) To begin wuzu by saying Bishmillah;

(3) To brush the teeth;

(4) To wash the hands well upto the wrists;

(5) To clean the mouth by gargling;

(6) To clean the nostrils with a little water giving into them;

(7) To wipe the whole head over with wet hands;

(8) To wash all these parts of the body three times;

(9) To wash the right hand and the right foot first while washing the hands and the feet.

(10) To maintain the serial in washing the parts of the body during wuzu.


Our parents, elder brothers and sisters, teachers and the Imams of the mosques can make wuzu correctly. We will observe them and learn how wuzu is made perfectly.

The causes of losing wuzu:

Due to various causes, wuzu is lost. We have to be very careful about these causes. Wuzu is lost for the following causes:

1. If any thing comes out through the urinary passage or anus;

2. If there is mouthful of vomiting;

3. If one sleeps leaning against something or lying on something;

4. If one becomes senseless;

5. If blood or pus comes out rolling from a wound;

6. If one laughs loudly at salat (namaz);

Salat cannot be offered or the Holy Quran must not be touched without wuzu. We must be careful of this. If wuzu is lost during the offering of salat or reading of the Qur'an, we must make wuzu again.

Gusal (Taking bath)

For a healthy mind and healthy body, we need purity and cleanliness. The body becomes dirty and unclean for doing various works. We then feel bad. Taking bath is the best way to


remove the dirt and impurity. To wash the whole body with water is called to have bath. If we have bath, it removes bad smell caused by sweating. We feel fresh bodily and mentaly after having bath. It encourages us to work with a fresh mind and body.

The rules of taking bath:

Before taking bath, we will have to wash our hands. Then we will clean our body if there is any dirt or unclean things. We will rinse our mouth and gargle three times. We will also clean the nostrils by giving a little water inside them thrice. Then we will wash the whole body thrice. In this way we will take bath.

The farz (compulsory) items of taking bath:

In bathing, there are three farz (compulsory) items. They are as follows: 1. To rinse the mouth with gargle; 2. To clean the nostrils thoroughly with water; 3. To wash the whole body with water.

If any one of these is missed in taking bath, it will not be a bath at all. We have to be careful that even a hair should not remain dry while taking bath. We can keep a sound body if we take bath regularly. To have bath is an order of Allah. It is also an act of ibadat.


Ajan (Call to Salat)

The salat (namaz) which is a farz one is to be performed in a jamaat (assembly). The Great Prophet (Sm) has emphasized to perform the farz salat in a jamaat. But nobody knew how people should be called to this jamaat. To solve this problem, one day our Prophet (Sm) called a meeting and discussed this with his companions. Some said that they would ring bell to call people at the time of Salat. Some said to blow trumpet to call them. Some others advised to light fire, and many other suggestions also came. But the Prophet (Sm) did not like any of these suggetions. It was late at night. Hazrat Abdullah Ibn Zaid, a companion of the Holy Prophet (Sm), was in deep sleep. Then he heard in a dream that an angel uttered the words of Ajan. In the morning, he narrated the words of Ajan to the Prophet (Sm). It was a matter of wonder that Hazrat Umar (R) also dreamt the same dream. The Prophet (Sm) liked the words of Ajan very much. He understood that these were revealed at the direction of Allah. He told Hazrat Bilal (R) to say particular call to attend the jamaat of salat. One who performs Ajan is called Muazzin.


Meaning:

1. Allah is Great, Allah is Great, Allah is Great, Allah is Great

2. I testify that there is no lord but Allah,

I testify that there is no lord but Allah.

3. I testify that Muhammad (Sm) is the Rasul of Allah,

I testify that Muhammad (Sm) is the Rasul of Allah.

4. Come to salat, Come to salat.

5. Come towards welfare, Come towrds welfare.

6. Allah is Great, Allah is Great.

The following are the words of Ajan:Allahu Akbar (4 times)

Ash-hadu - Al-la ilaha illa-llah (2 times)

Ash-hadu an-na Muhammadar Rasulu-llah (2 times)

Hyya' ala -s- salah (2 times)

Hyya ala -l- falah (2 times)

Allahu Akbar (2 times)Laa-ilaha-illal-lah.


Asalatu Khairum mina-n-naum

Asalatu Khairum mina-n-naum

7. There is no lord but Allah.

In the Ajan for the salat of Fazr, the following call is added after Hyya ala-l falah:

Meaning: Salat is better than sleep.

The Muazzin calls for farz salat (compulsory salat) five times a day. Ajan is also telecast in the television and broadcast through the radio. We shall listen to Ajan attentively and learn how to perform Ajan. Then we shall get ready for salat and offer it in time.

The following dua is to be read at the end of Ajan:Allahumma rabba hadihi-d-da'watit tammah

Wassatil qaimatih

Aati Muhammadani-l-wachwalah

Wal - fazilah wab - a'sumaqamam

Mahmoodani-l-laji wa- a'dtah

Innaka la tukhliful miyad.


Iqamat

Ajan is to call people to the jamaat of salat. And Iqamat is the announcement of the start of the salat. The words of Iqamat are the same as words of Ajan. Only after saying Hayya ala al falah the following words are to be uttered twice:

It means salat has already been started.

Tashah-hud

In salat, after finishing two rakats and also in the last sitting, the performer of the salat sits up folding his knees and utters a dua called Tashah-hud which is as follows:

Qad qaa matis salah

Qad qaa matis salah

Transliteration:

Attahiyyatu lil-lahi wassalawatu

wattwayyibatu assalaamu alaika

aiyyuhan nabiyyu wa rahmatul lahi

wa barakatuhu assalumu alaina

wa ala ibadillahis chwaliheen

Ash-hadu al laa ilaha illal-lahu

wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadan

abduhu wa rasuluh.


The series of dua written in the Holy Qura'n and Hadiths are called Dua Masura. It is good to read Dua Masura in salat which was read by our Prophet (Sm) in salat. Dua Masura is also read outside salat in different situations.

Transliteration:Darood

Allaahumma salli ala Muhammadyeo

wa ala aali Muhammadin

kama sllaita alaa Ibraahima

wala ali Ibraahima

innaka hamidum majeed.

Allahumma barik alaa Mummadyeo

waala aali Muhammadin

kama barakta alaa Ibraahima

walaa aali Ibraahima

inna ka hamidum majeed.

Dua Masura


The following Dua Masura is read after reading Darood in salat:

Salam

The last important part of salat is to say salam. After reading Dua Masura, we have to turn our face first to the right over our right shoulder and then to the left over our left shoulder to say salam.

The words of salam are as follows:

Assalaamu alaikum wa rahmatullah

Meaning: Peace be on you and also the mercy of Allah be on you.

Munazat

To say something to Allah in an appealing tone with supplication and manner is called munazat. The best time for the granting of

Transliteration:

Allaahumma innee jwalamtu nafsi

julman kasirao walaa yagfiru

jjunuba illa anta fagfirli

magfiratam min-indika warharmni

innaka antal gafoorur raheem.


munazat is at the end of salat. Any good dua may be said during this time. There are many munazats in the Holy Qura'n and Hadiths. A short and beautiful munazat is given below:

Meaning: O our Lord, grant us blessings on earth and in heaven and save us from the torture of hell.

Salat

Salat or Namaz is the most important ibadat. There are some rules to follow in salat. These are farz (compulsory) rules:

Before starting salat we have to maitain seven farz (compulsory) things. These are called ahkam of salat. If we do not maintain these ahkams rightly, our salat will not be accepted. The ahkams are as follows:

(1) clean body,

(2) clean clothes,

Transliteration:

Rabbana aatina fi-d-dunya hasanatao

wa-fil-akhirati hasanatao

waqina ajaba-an-nar.

Ahkams of Salat


(3) clean place for salat,

(4) covering of satar (the body) with clothes (from the navel upto the

below of the knee),

(5) facing towards Qiblah,

(6) making niyat and

(7) offering salat at the right time.

The male must cover with clothes upto the knee from the upper

place of the navel. The female must cover the whole body except the

face, hands upto wrist and feet.

Facing towards Qiblah means to turn face towards the Holy Kaaba

at the time of offering salat. The Qiblah is situated to the west from

our country. So we offer salat facing towards the west. Niyat means

to intend or to decide. Before starting every salat one must make

niyat of it. The niyat is thus : "I intent to perform two raka'at salat of

Fazr, which is farz, for the sake of Allah, facing towards the holy

Kaaba."

In this way, at the time of the salat of Juhr, Asr, Maghrib and Isha

one must make niyat in mind of the particular salat. During Salat in

a jamaat one has to think: "I offer my salat behind this Imam." For

each farz salat, there is a fixed time to offer it, and we are ordered by

Allah to offer salat in the right time. A salat becomes unacceptable if

it is not offered in the right time.

Our Holy Prophet has said, "To offer Salat in the first part of the fixed time is best."


It is Allah's order to perform salat in the right time. Salat is not acceptable if it is not performed in the right time. Allah, the Great says: "It is farz for the mumin to perform salat in the right time."

Waqt (Times) of Salat

Let us look at the waqts (times) of different salat.

Name of Salat Time

Fazr : Fazr starts at the end of night when morning light is seen in the east of the sky. The time of it is over just before the moment of the sunrise.

Zuhr : At noon when the sun is going to the west, the time of Zuhr starts. And if the shadow of a stick is double the length, the time of Zuhr is over.

Asr: As soon as the time of Zuhr ends the time of the salat of Asr starts. It is over before the moment of the sun- set.

Maghrib : The time of Maghrib starts from just after the setting of the sun. It is over as soon as the reddish tinge of the sun fades away.

Isha : The time of Isha starts as the time of Marghrib ends. The time for Isha continues upto the moment before the time ofFazr. But it is better to offer Isha in the first half of the night.

The commands of Allah we shall obey,In the right time our salat we shall say.


There are seven farz items in salat, which are called arkans in salat.

They are as follows:

1. To start saying Takbir-e-Tahrima (i.e. AllahuAkbar).

2. Performing salat making qiam (i.e. by standing). (If one is unable to stand, one can perform salat in a sitting position. Even one can perform salat lying in bed if one is unable to sit.)

3. To read a part of the Holy Quran in salat (It is called Kiraat).

4. To do ruku.

5. To do sizdah.

6. Final sitting.

7. To complete salat by saying salam. If any of these arkans is not done, salat will not be pertect. We should be very careful while offering them.

We know that salat is the best of ibadat. To perform salat five times a day is farz (compulsory). In performing our salat, we have to follow how Holy Prophet (Sm) used to perform salat.

Arkans of Salat

How to Perform Salat?


Our Prophet (Sm) used to make wuzu (ablution) after brashing teeth with a miswak. He would make niyat facing towards the Qiblah. Then he would raise two hands upto the ears saying Allahu Akbar and join both the hands upon the navel. He instructed women to join the hands upon the chest. Then he would read sana, "Subhanaka allaahumma wa bihamdika wa tabarakasmuka wata alaa jadduka wa-laa ilaha gairuka." Then he would read 'Aujubillahi minash shaitwanir rajeem' and 'Bismillaahir rahmaanir raheem.' Then he would read sura Fatiha and some part (ayats) from the Holy Qura'n. After this, saying 'Allahu Akbar' he would do his ruku. In ruku, he would read 'subhana rabbial ajeem' (minimum three times). Then he would again stand erect and saying 'samiallahuliman hamidah'. Then offer saying 'rabbana lakal hamd' he would utter 'Allahu Akbar' and place his forehead and nose on the ground in sizdah. In this position he would say the words 'subhana rabbial a'laa' three time sat the minimum and rise up saying Allahu Akbar and sit placing hands on his knees and then again go down in sizdah and say the same words 'subhana rabbial a'ala' three times minimum. He would rise and stand again uttering Allahu Akbar. This was the second raka'at, and it should be completed in the same manner as the first, reading with sura Fatiha and some part (ayats) from the Holy Qura'n and do ruku and sizdah. But after the second sizdah, he would sit up with folded knees and read duas called Tashah-hud, Darood and Dua Masura. Then he concluded his salat by turning his face right and left saying 'assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah'.

If the prayer consists of three or four rakaats, he stood again after saying two rakaats with tashah-hud and did exactly as he did in the previous rakaat. In the last sitting whether it came after second


rakaat or the third or the fourth as the case might be, after the Tashah-hud, the Prophet (Sm) read the Darood and Dua Masura and ended the salat saying salam.

The Holy Prophet (Sm) used to perform compulsory salat in jamaat. We also should perform salat in jamaat. The muktadi (the performer of salat who performs it behind the Imam) does not have to read the verses from the Quran when he is in jamaat.

The Jumua day (i.e. Friday) is the best day of the week. In the Holy Quran Allah the Great, says, "When Ajan is heard for the salat of Jumuah, go quickly to perform salat and leave your trading. And when the salat is ended, spread yourself over the land and seek the rahmat of Allah.

In mosques, jamaats of salat are held five times a day. There the people of the same locality gather to offer farz (compulsory) salat. Thus they meet each other and know about themselves. It creates chances to help each other in times of problem.

The Salatul Jumuah is held with a big gathering on Friday at a Jam-

The Salatul Jumuah


The rules of performing the Salatul Jumuah

It is sunnat to offer four rakaats salat of 'Qablal Jumuah' before the farz salat is offered. Four rakaats salat of Ba'dal Jumuah is offered after the farz salat as sunnat. Moreover, if one gets time it is good for him to offer nafl (extra) Salat. The Salatul Jumuah is offered on Fridays in a jamaat at a mosque in place of Salatul Zuhr. Salatul Jumuah cannot be offered without a jamaat.

Two Ajans are held for Salatul Jumuah. The first Ajan is held given from the minaret or from the outside of the mosque. After the people have gathered, another Ajan is given for this salat inside the mosque. At this time, the Imam is sitting on the mimbar (a small platform). When the Ajan is finished the Imam stands up and offers his two khutbas (speeches consecutively). In between the two khutbas he sits for a very short time. Khutba means a speech. In the Khutba various aspects of Islam are discussed.


It is wajib (obligatory) to listen to the Khutba. During this time talking and doing anything and even offering nafl (extra) salat are haram (forbidden). At the end of the Khutba we are to offer two rakaats of farz salat with the Imam. We have to make niyat before starting farz prayer saying, "I intend to perform two rakaats of farz salat of Jumuah facing towards the Kaaba with this Imam and utter Allahu Akbar"

Salatul Jumuah consists of ten rakaats in total. Four rakaats of Qablal Jumuah which is Sunnat, then two rakaats of Farz, and then four rakats of Ba'dal Jumuah which is Sunnat are performed in Jumuah.

Many rewards for the Salatul Jumuah are narrated in the Holy Hadiths. Our Holy Prophet (Sm) says, "One who enters the mosque first of all for Salatul Jumuah, Allah, the Great will reward him the sawab (reward) of sacrificing a camel. The second man will have the reward of sacrificing a cow. Then the third one will have the reward of sacrificing a goat."

The Prophet (Sm) also says, "One who offers Salatul Jumuah all his small vices will be forgiven by Allah till the next day of Salatul Jumuah."

It is sunnat to take bath, to wear good clothes and use ataron the day of salatul Jumuah. On this day (Friday) to offer two rakaats of farz Jumah is given in place of salatul Zuhr which is also farz.

The rewards for the Salatul Jumuah


Eid means joys and happiness. Every year the Muslims of the world celebrate the two Eids. There are two great religious festivals for the Muslims. The first is called the Eidul Fitr. The second is called the Eid-ul-Adha. On the Eid day the Muslims of the whole locality gather at the Eidgah where they meet and enquire about one another's well-being and embrace one another and forget all kinds of differences. Everybody share joys and happiness in the social intercourse. The Muslims of all social positions offer two rakaats of Salatul Eid to express gratitude to Allah. It is wajib to offer salatul Eid. The Holy Prophet (Sm) says, "Every nation has its own religious festival. Ours is the Holy Eid."

Poet Kazi Nazrul Islam says:

"O my heart, after Ramajan, the Eid full of joy is come,

Now it is your duty to merge yourself for Allah's sake."

The Salatul Eid


The Rules of Offering Salatul Eid

The Salatul Eid is a salat of two rakaats. It is to be performed following an Imam. At first we shall stand in rows behind an Imam. We shall make niyat of the salat. Following the Imam, we shall raise our both hands upto the ears and join the hands together on the navel saying 'Allahu Akbar'. We shall then say the words of sana. Now following the Imam we shall say takbir (i.e. Allahu Akbar) three times. At the first two times of this takbir we shall not join the hands together. After the third takbir, we shall again join the hands on the navel. Then the Imam will loudly read Suratul Fatiha and then any other sura as is done in other salats. After this, he will perform ruku and sizdah. We shall do the same following him.

In the second rakaat, the Imam will again loudly read Suratul Fatiha and then any other sura. He then will loudly say the takbir (i.e. Allahu Akbar) three times. We shall also follow the Imam. Now we shall raise both the hands upto the ears but not join them together on the navel. Then we shall perform ruku after saying takbir (i.e. Allahu Akbar) at the fourth time.

After this, we shall perform sizdah as we do in other salats. We shall then read tashah-hud, darood, dua masura in a sitting position and end the salat following the Imam by saying salam. After the end of the salat, the Imam will offer two Khutbas. To listen to the Khutbas is wazib.

The Eidul Fitr

The first day of the month of Shawal is fixed for the Eidul-Fitr. It comes after the fasting in Ramazan. Eid means joys and happiness.


Fitr means to break fasting. The Muslims express their gratitude to Allah for giving them ability to keep fasting for long one month.

It is not only a day of joys and happiness. On this day, we should go to our neighbours, the poor and the distressed to know their conditions. Everbody has to try to make widows and orphans happy. On this day fitra (charity) is to be given by the rich to the poor. It is made wazib to pay fitra. This should be done so that no one should remain hungry on this day of joys and happiness. To keep fasting on the Eid day is made haram (forbidden). The deeds of sunnat on this day are as follows:

(1) To take bath in the morning;

(2) To use otto;

(3) To wear clean clothes;

(4) To take some sort of sweet-meat;

(5) To perform Salatul Eidul Fitr at the Eidgah.

It is wazib to offer two rakaats of Salatul Eidul Fitr with an Imam. In this Salat there are six additional wazib takbirs. After offering two rakaats of Salat the Imam delivers two Khutbas. Khutba means speech. It is made wazib to listen to the Khutba. During the Khutbas talking is forbidden.

The Eidul Adha

The second Eid of the year is called Eidul Adha. Adha means sacrifice. In the light of Islam this day is very important. On this day, at the command of Allah, Hazrat Ibraahim (A) was ready to


sacrifice his son Ismail (A). Sacrifice is made wazib on Eidul Adha to remind the Muslims about the great sacrifice made by Ibraahim (A). The 10th Zilhajj is fixed for Eidul Adha. Just like that of the day of Eidul Fitr, we have to take bath in the morning and wear clean clothes and use ator. Then we have to go to attend the jamaat of wazib Salat at the Eidgah. The Imam will deliver two Khutbas after the salat is ended. It is made wazib to listen to the Khutba. It is good not to eat anything before this salat on this day. On the way to go to and return from the Eidgah, it is sunnat to utter takbir loudly. But on the day of Eidul Fitr, takbir should be read silently. The Takbir of Eid is thus:

Allaahu Akbar, Allaahu Akbar, La-ilaha-illallahu Allaahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, wa lillaahil hamd.

To utter takbir is made wazib from the Fazr of the 9th Zilhajj to the Asr of the 13th Zilhajj. The matter of the sacrifice of animals comes after the end of the salat. We shall keep one portion of the meat for the ourselves, and one for relatives and the third one to distribute among the poor and the distressed. In this way all can share the joys of Eid with others. This helps grow a good social relation. We shall implement this great lesson of Eid in our life. We shall enjoy this Eid all together. We shall spread over this lesson in the society.

Exercise

Objective type questions

Tick (�) the correct answers-

1. What is it called in wuzu to wash hands upto elbow?

(a) sunnat, (b) farz c) nafl (d) wazib


2. How many farz events are there in wuzu?

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

3. How many arkans are there in salat?

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 d) 7

4. How many waqts (times) are there in salat?

(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 6 (d) 3

5. How many Eids are there in a year?

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

6. What is it to listen to Khutba?

a) sunnat (b) wazib (c) farz d) mustahab

Fill in the blanks:

(a) Purity is ______ the faith.

(b) Taharat means ________ .

(c) ________ is the be performed before salat.

(d) ________ cannot be performed without wuzu.

(e) Eid means _________ .

(f) To keep fasting on Eid day is __________ .

(g) ___ rakat is farz in salatul Jumuah.

Essay type questions

1. What do you understand by Ibadat?


2. What benefit do you get if you keep yourself clean?

3. What are the Farz of wuzu?

4. What are the rules of taking bath?

5. How many Farz are there in taking bath?

6. What is the difference between Ajan and Iqamat?

7. Write a munajat in English.

8. What are the ahkams of salat?

9. How many arkans are there in salat? What are they?

10. Write down the names of salats of five times.

11. How many rakaat's are there in salatul Bitr?

12. Write what you understand by salatul Jumuah?

13. Describe two characterstics of Salatul Jumuah.

14. How many Eids are there in a year? Write the names of them.

15. What do you mean by Eidul Fitr?

Class Work

1. Make a list of the deeds of wuzu in order.

2. The students will perform ajan and the teacher will listen and

help them if they need.

3. Make a list of arkan and ahkam of salat.

4. The students will perform salat according to the rules and if

necessary, the teacher will show them the way to perform salat.

Chapter - III

How to learn the Qur'an Majid?

The Qur'an Majid is the Kalam of Allah. 'Kalam' means the word or the saying of Allah. It also means the message of Allah. The Holy Qur'an was revealed to our Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) through Jibrail(A), an angel of Allah. This is the latest Divine Book. But it was not revealed at a time. Its different parts were revealed in different times and at different places.

The Holy Qur'an says how we should live in this world peacefully and how we can get peace hereafter. It tells us the way how we will show loyalty to Allah. It also says which acts are good and which are bad. It informs us for which acts we will be rewarded and for which we will be punished. We all should act according to the sayings of the Holy Qur'an. We should abide by all that the Holy Qur'an tells us to do and not to do.

The Qur'an Majid is the holiest book of Allah. This should not be read or recited incorrectly. Because, its meaning is changed when it is read incorrectly. We shall learn to read the Holy Qur'an correctly and teach others to read it correctly. It is farz to recite some verses from the Holy Qur'an in our salat. Farz means compulsory. Salat becomes incorrect if some verses from the Qur'an is not recited in it. So recitation of the Holy Qur'an must be correct.

Prophet (Sm) says, "The best person amongst you is he who learns the Holy Qur'an and teaches it to others."


The language of the Holy Qur'an is Arabic. We shall have to learn Arabic to read the Holy Qur'an. To learn Arabic, we shall have to know the harafs (letters) of the Arabic language. We must know them in such a way so that we do not make any error. There are 29 letters in the Arabic language. All the Arabic letters together are called the Arabic alphabet. One is to read or write Arabic from the right to the left. Let us try to learn the Arabic alphabet.

The following are the Arabic alphabet:

Arabic Alphabet

(zim) (sa) (ta) (ba) (alif)

(ra) (jhal) (dal) (kha) (h'a)

(dwuad) (chwad) (sheen) (seen) (jha)

(fa) (gwain) (a'yin) (jwa) (twa)

(nun) (meem) (lam) (kaf) (qwaf)

(yia) (hamja) (ha) (wao)

51How to learn the Qur'an Majid?

Give the pronunciation of the Arabic harafs (letters) in English:


Now colour the harafs (letters):


Fill up the blank boxes with Arabic harafs (letters) :


Different Forms of Arabic Harafs (letters):Together at last in the middle at first letter


Together at last in the middle at first letter


Arabic harafs (letters) with 'harkat' and formation of words

We know that 'Jabar' , 'Jer' and 'Pesh' are called 'harkat'. 1. If there is one jabar on a letter the pronunciation will be like - 'Aa'.

Alif one jabar - 'aa'

Ba one jabar - 'ba'

Ta one jabar - 'ta'

We will now read the following words with jabar: Noon jabar na, chwad jabar chwa, ra jabar ra = nachwara

2. If there is one jer under a letter, the pronunciation will be like - 'i' (that is, like 'e')

Examples:

Now we will pronounce the words given below with jabar and jer: Lam jer li, meem alif jabar ma - Lima

Alif one jer - 'i'

Ba one jer - 'bi'

Ta one jer - 'ti'

Dal jer - 'di'

Jhal jer - 'jhi'

Ra jer - 'ri'


3. If there is one 'pesh' on a letter the pronunciation will be like - 'wu'

Examples:

Alif one pesh -'wu'

Ba one pesh - 'bu'

Ta one pesh - 'tu'

Dal pesh - 'du'

Jhal pesh -'jhu'

Ra pesh-'ru'

Now we will pronounce the words with one pesh on a letter: Kaf pesh ku, ta jer ti, ba jabar ba = Kutiba.

Arabic letters and words with 'tanbeen'Use of 'double jabar' or 'double jer' or 'double pesh' is called 'tanbeen'. 'Tanbeen' means to make a sound of 'noon'. If there is double jabar or double jer or double pesh on an Arabic letter, it sounds as if there is a 'noon' at the end of it. As ? ba one jabar 'ba', but ba with double jabar will be pronounced as 'baan'.

Now we will read the following chart with tanbeen:

Alif with double jabar = 'aan'Alif with double jer = 'een'Alif with double pesh = 'wun'Alif with double jabar, double jer and double pesh = 'aan een wun'

noon with double jabar = naan'noon with double jer = 'neen'noon with double pesh = 'noon'noon with double jabar, double jer and double pesh = 'naan neen noon'


Arabic words with tanbeen:


Arabic letters and words with zajam We know that the Arabic letters with zajam are called 'Sakin'. As-

= Alif lam jabar = al

= Fa ya jer = fee

= Qwaf lam pesh = Qwool

Now put zajam on the letters which are without it:

Arabic letters and words with 'tashdeed':The letter which is pronounced twice being at the same place is called tashdeed. The sign of tashdeed is thus ?Alif noon jabar an, noon jabar na = Anna

= Alif noon jabar an, noon jabar na = Anna

= ra ba jabar rab, ba jabar ba = Rabba

Zajam generally look like this '^' but it can also be written like thisNow we will read the following with zajam:


Now read the following 'tashdeed':

Look at the following and put tashdeed with harkat:

Formation of Arabic WordsRead the following chart for correct pronunciation and making new words:

Chart - IWords with two letters

Chart - IIWords with three letters

Now make words with these letters:


Now make words with the following letters:

Chart - IIIWords with four letters

Chart - IVWords with five letters




Chart - VWords with six letters


Read the following sentences and give their meanings:Allah is the Lord.

Allah is Almighty.

Allah is the Law-Giver.

Allah is the Peace-Giver.

I am a student.

She is a student.

Write the following sentences:

In the Qur'an Majid, some letters are to be read in a long accent (sound). This sort of accent is called madd.As for exmple:There are three letters of madd. They are as follows: 1. If there is one alif after jabar, then it is read in a long accent. = maa - ja-a

How are you? Who are you?

I am well. I am a Muslim


= qaa - la

2. If there is a yia with zajam after jer, it is read in a little long accent. As- = kee -la = fee -ha

3. If there is a wao with zajam after pesh, it is read in a little long accent. ?????? = qoo - loo, ??????? = soo - moo

Again, there are two types of madd- (1) small madd and (2) big madd

If there is a small madd on a letter, it is read in a long accent.

If there is a big madd on a letter, then it is to be read in a longer accent. As-

Madd has also other shapes. ? Such as:

1. Jabar in the erect position on the letter: ??

If there is a sign like on a letter, it is to be read in a long accent. As- = Twa with erect Jabar Twaa and Ha with erect jabar haa =Twaahaa(together).

Now let us read the following words:

2. Jer in the erect position under a letter:

If there is a sign like this ? under a letter, it is to be read in a long accent:As- ???? - Ba jer bi, ha jer hee = BiheeNow we read the following words with erect Jer:?????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ? ????????? ? ???????

3. Reverse pesh:

We know that pesh is like this But reverse pesh is written like this If there is any reverse pesh on a letter it has to be read in a longer accent.Now we will read some words with reverse pesh.Let us also read the following words:


Tazbeed

The language of the Qur'an Majid is Arabic. We shall have to learn Arabic and the correct pronunciation of its letters. It is essential to read the Holy Qur'an with correct pronunciation. It keeps the meanings correct and thus our salat also becomes correct. At this, Allah becomes pleased with us. If the reading is not with correct pronunciation, the meaning will be changed. Salat too will not be done correct. So we ought to read the Holy Qur'an correctly. There are some rules to read the Holy Qur'an correctly, and these rules are called Tazbeed. The method of pronunciation of the verses (ayats) and their letters and words is called Tazbeed. The literal meaning of Tazbeed is to make something decent, to arrange well, to make best etc.

Allah Ta'ala says, "You recite the Holy Qur'an slowly and correctly".

The Holy Prophet (Sm) says, "You'll get ten rewards for every letter if you recite the Qur'an Majid".

Makhraz

Arabic letters are pronounced from the different places of the mouth, such as throat, tongue, teeth and lips etc.

Makhraz means the place of coming out from or the place of pronunciation. The place of pronunciation of an Arabic letter is called 'Makhraz'. There are 17 makhrazes for the Arabic letters.


Idgaam

The meaning of Idgaam is to join together. Two letters which are placed side by side are to be read joining together and this kind of reading is called Idgaam'.

For example: (fahum muslimoon).

Here the letter meem ( ) of the first word has become idgaam with the letter meem (?) of the second word. It means they are jointed together. As-aaaaaaaaa = mir rabbi. Here noon has been idgaam with ra. That means they are joined together. ( meem misslihi). Here noon is idgaam with meem. It means they are joined together.

There are six letters of idgaam.

As -

If noon is sakin at the end of any word or tanbeen comes here and if the first letter of the next word is any letter of idgaam that noon sakin and tanbeen should be read with idgaam with that letter.

Now we will read the following words with idgaam :

Mayiaqwulu Meem mar qwadina Gafurur raheem

Walam Yiakullahu Inkuntum mu'mineen Mirrizkin


Ijhar

The meaning of Ijhar is to express, to make clear. It means to pronounce clearly according to the makhraz of the letter. If after noon sakin and tanbeen, there is any of the letters of halqi, then noon sakin and tanbeen should be read without goonnah and ikhfa but should be read according to makhraz clearly, and this sort of reading is called 'Ijhar'. There are six letters of halqi

As-

Sura Al - FatihaMakki, Ayats (verses) 7

(Bismillaa hir Rahmaanir Raheem)

Transliteration

Al-hamdu lillaahi rabbil a'lameen-

Ar Rahmaanir raheem-

Maaliki yi-aomiddeen-

Eyakana' budu wa-eyakanastayeen-

Ihdinas chiratal mustaqeem-

Chiratwallazina an amta alaihim-

Gairil magdwubi alaihim-

Waladdwaaleen. -ameen-


Sura An-Nasr

Madani, Ayat - 3(Bismillaa hir Rahmaanir Raheem)

Transliteration

Ijazha-a nach rullahi wal fathu

Wa-ra-aytan-nasa yiad khuloona fee

dinillaahi afwajaa-Fasabbih

bihamdi rabbika wa-stagfirhu

Innahoo kaana tawabaa

Sura Al-Lahab

Makki, Ayat - 5


Transliteration

Tabbat yia da aabi lahabieu wa-tabba

ma-a agnaa-an-hu maluhu wama kasab

Sa yiachla -naaran - jaata lahabieu

Wamra atuhu h'amm'a latal h'atab

Fee-jee diha h'ablum meem masad.


Sura Al- Ikhlas

Makki, Ayate - 4


Transliteration

Qul hu wallaahu ah'ad

Allaa hus chwamad

lam yia-lid-wa-lum yu lad

Wa lam yia kullahu kufuwan ah'ad

ExerciseObjective type questions

Tick (�) the correct answers:

1. Whose Kalam is the Holy Quran?

(a) The Kalam of Allah (b) The Kalam of the Prophet (Sm)

(c) The Kalam of Jibrail (A) (d) The Kalam of man

2. Which book was revealed to Hazrat Muhammad (Sm)?

(a) The Torah (b) The Bible/Injil

(c) The Qur'an Majid (d) The Jabur

3. How many alphabet are there in Arabic?


(a) 30 (b) 29

(c) 28 (d) 32

4. How many makhrazes are there in Arabic alphebet?

(a) 17 (b) 21

(c) 17 (d) 15

Fill in the blanks:

(a) The Qur'an Majid is the Kalalm of ___________ .

(b) The Place of the pronunciation of a letter (haraf) is called __.

(c) The madd letters (harafs) are _________ .

(d) The language of the Qur'an Majid is _____.

Match the signs with the words on the left by drawing line from the right:

(a) Jabar

(b) Pesh

(c) Erect Jabar

(d) Big madd

Essay type questions

1. What did the Prophet (Sm) say about the recitation (Tilawat) of the Holy Qur'an?

2. What is harkat? Give an example.

3. What is Tanbeen? Give an example of each.


4. What is Zajam? Give an example.

5. What is madd? How many letters of madd are there? Give example.

6. What is Tajbeed? Why should we learn it?

7. What is makhraj? How many makhrazes of Arabic letters are there?

8. What is Idgaam? Give examples.

9. What is the Ijhar? Which are the letters of Ijhar? Give names.

10. Write one word each in Arabic taking 3, 4, 5 and 6 letters.

11. Write Sura Al-Fatiha from your memory.

12. Write Sura Al-Nasr in English transliteration.

13. Write Sura Al- Lahab in English transliteration.

14. Recite Sura Al-Ikhlas and write it in English

transliteration from your memory.

Class Work

Everyday one of the students will read out Sura Al -Fatiha, Sura Al-Nasr, Sura Al-Lahab, Sura Al-Ikhlas. The rest of the students will listen to him/her. If needed, the teacher will help them.

Chapter -IV

Akhlaq (Character)

Akhlaq is an Arabic word. It means character, nature, behaviour, conduct etc. There are two kinds of Akhlaq:

(1) Akhlaq-e-Hameeda and

(2) Akhlaq-e-Zameema.

(1) Akhlaq-e-Hameeda is a kind of Akhlaq that is praised by all. As for example, good character, good nature, good qualities etc. come under Akhlaq-e-Hameeda. Offering salat, fasting, doing good work, speaking the thruth, nursing the sick, beahving well with all, saying salam to one, remaining neat and clean etc. belong to Akhlaq-e-Hameeda. Similarly, to entertain guests, to respect the seniors, to love the juniors, to help the poor and the distressed etc. also come under Akhlaq-e-Hameeda.

The Great Prophet (Sm) says: "The greatest gift of Allah to man is good character."

Everybody loves the man who speaks sweetly, behaves nicely and does good work. Good Akhlaq of children brings reputation for their parents. Everybody prays to Allah for this kind of good children. Teachers of a school love those students who have nice behaviour and conduct. If a man has good character, he lives a happy life in this world. He will also get salvation hereafter. To become a true mumin, a man must have good character.


The Great Prophet (Sm) says: "True mumins are those who have good character.

(2) Akhlaq-e-Jameema is that which is hated by all. Bad character, bad nature, bad habit etc. belong to Akhlaq-e-Zameema. As for example, telling lies, abusing, stealing, hijacking, doing terrorism, gambling - all these deeds are hateful, and these belong to Akhlaq-e-Zameema. Everybody hates his misdeeds. Nobody loves those who do these bad deeds. Allah, the Great, does not love them too. Even their parents and relatives do not love them. All the people of the society hate them. For a good character one should have good qualities. As for example, to respect the parents and teachers, to behave well with the neighbours, to speak the truth etc. are good qualities.

The Character of our beloved Prophet Muhammadur Rasulullah (Sm)

was the best. We are his followers. We must mould our character in his model.

Muhammad (Sm) had the best character, yet he would pray to Allah: "O Allah, you have made my physical form beautiful. You please make my character beautiful too."

We all will pray to Allah for a beautiful character.

To honour the parents

Our parents are the nearest persons to us. They bring up us with love and affection. They are to suffer much for us. They make sacrifice

75Akhlaq (Character)

for us. They feed us even by starving themselves if necessay. At the time of our illness they give us nursing day and night. They pray to Allah for our recovery from illness.

It is our duty to listen to them and to behave well with them. Allah Ta'ala says: "You must pray only to me and behave well with the parents." The Great Prophet (Sm) says: "If the father remains pleased with the son, then Allah, the Great, also remains pleased with him." If the father is not obeyed by his son, then Allah does not remain pleased with him. The Great Prophet (Sm) also says: "The Jannat of the children lies under the feet of the mother."

Once a Sahabi (follower) of the Great Prophet (Sm) said to him: "O the Rasul of Allah both my parents are alive. Of whom will I take care more?" The Great Prophet (Sm) said: "Take care of your mother". In the same way he asked the same question three times to the Great Prophet (Sm). And three times the Prophet (Sm) replied: "Take care of your mother". When he asked the same for the fourth time the Prophet said: "Take care of your father". We can understand by this that Allah becomes very pleased if we take care of the mother and give honour to her. We will also respect our parents and pray to Allah for them.

Allah has ordered us to pray to Him for our parents. There is one dua for this: "Rabbir hamhuma kama rabbayani sagira". The meaning: "O Allah, show kindness to my parents as they brought up us with love and affection in our childhood." We will listen to our parents, obey their orders and behave well with them. We will never hurt them. We will take care of them and pray to Allah for them.


To honour the teachers

Teachers are also our near and dear ones as our parents are. The parents bring up us. Teachers give us the light of knowledge. They teach us how to read and write. We learn from them about different subjects of knowledge and science. They build up us as real human beings. We will also honour them as we do to our parents.

Our Great Prophet (Sm) came as a teacher. Teaching is a very honourable and noble profession. The Great Prophet (Sm) established a school in Makkah named Darul Arkam. He was a great teacher there. He would pay respect to the scholars and teachers. Some of the arrested persons in the battle of Badar knew how to read and write. He set them free in exchange of teaching some Muslims of Madinah.

A teacher not only teaches us how to read and write. He also teaches us to learn good manners, courtesy, good behaviour etc.

Alamgir was an emperor of Delhi. His son would study under a teacher. He would respect his teacher very much. He obeyed him and took care of him. One day the emperor saw that his son was pouring water on the feet of the teacher and the teacher was cleaning his feet with his own hands. Then the emperor called for the teacher to his court. The teacher got afraid. He thought that he oredered the emperor's son to pour water on his feet. Perhaps for that reason the emperor might be angry with him.

The teacher met the emperor. The emperor told him that his son


seemed that he had not learnt good manners. He only poured water on your feet. Why did he not clean your feet with his hands?

The teacher became surprised hearing the words of the emperor. His mind was filled with joy. He said: "Your majesty, you are really great. You have enhanced the honour of a teacher."

We will also respect our teachers. We will say salam to them. We will obey their orders and forbiddings. We will study attentively.

Teachers, the superiors, give us the light of education,

We'll take care of them and give them position.

To honour the elders and love the youngers

Our parents love us. The elder brothers and sisters give us their affection. The grandfathers and the grandmothers also have their affection for us. In childhood days they caressed us. They brought up us. The teachers of the school teach us and love us. We will honour them all. We all will obey them. The senior students and the neighbours also love us. They are honourable persons. We will honour them too.

At home there are servants. We will honour them. We will behave well with them. In buses, trains, launches, steamers etc. many old men travel. Sometime for want of seats they keep standing. Then we will stand up and leave the seats for them. They will be pleased at this and will pray to Allah for us.


We will love our younger brothers and sisters. We will love them all who are younger to us and read in the lower classes. We will teach them good lessons. The Great Prophet (Sm) would love the youngers very much. He honoured the elders. Allah becomes pleased if one honours the elders and love the youngers. The great Prophet (Sm) says: "He who does not honour the elders and love the youngers is not my Ummat (follower)."

We all will honour the elders and love the youngers. Then we will be able to live togther peacefully.

To behave well with the neighbours

Our Great Prophet (Sm) says: "The man will not enter the heaven for whose bad conduct his neighbours are not safe." He also says: "The man is the best one amongst you who is the best one to his neighbours."

Those who live around us are our neighbours. Besides, the co-passengers of the launch, the steamer, the bus, the train are like the neighbours. The hostel-mates in a hostel are also like the neighbours to a hostel boarder. We all live together in the society. There are many advantages to live in the society. One is benifited by the others and gets help at times of danger. If any danger comes, the neighbours come forward. We will behave well with the neighbours and live together. We will help them at the time of danger. When they are ill, we will take care of them. We will give food and clothes to the poor neighbours. We will also help them giving money. We


will never do anything by which the neighbours may suffer. We will not throw rubbish here and there. We will not listen to the radio and casette with high sound. As a result, love and good relationship will grow among the neighbours.

If we have a bad neighbour, yet we will behave well with him. Imam Abu Hanifa (Ra) would remain devoted to gathering knowledge and engaged in ibadat. His nearest neighbour was a cobbler. He was addicted to singing loudly and making hue and cry. At this the Imam became annoyed. One day he heard no hue and cry. The Imam became anxious. He thought enquire the man was in danger. He tried to about him. He came to know that the police arrested him and kept under their custody for some offence. The Imam got him released on bail under his responsibility. The cobbler became ashamed of his bad conduct. He begged pardon to the Imam. After that he never created any problem. By showing good behaviour even a bad neighbour becomes a good one.

We will behave well with a neighbour. At times of danger, we will help him. We will not do any harm to the neighbour's pet animals and birds. We will not do any harm to his plants and trees. We will never do anything for which a neighbour falls in difficulty.

Nursing the patient

Nursing the patient is a principle of Islam. The Great Prophet (Sm) gave special importance to nursing patients. The Great Prophet (Sm) says: "Give food to the hungry people, nurse the patient and free the


man who is indebted." The Great Prophet (Sm) would look after the patient if he was even a man of other religion or a bad enemy. Sometimes we fall ill. An ill man becomes weak and feels helpless. He feels unwell. At this moment those who stay near him, should help him and give nursing to him. They should manage medical treatment for him.

One old woman was the neighbour of the Great Prophet (Sm). Every day she would spread thorns on his way. She would laugh from a distant place if thorns ran into the feet of the Great Prophet (Sm). One day the Great Prophet (Sm) could not see thorns on his way and thought whether the old woman was ill. He himself went to her house to know about her. He found that the old woman was really ill. Then he nursed her, and she was recovered. The old woman became ashamed of her misdeed. From then she never put thorns on the way.

Every day we meet many people. We will say salam to whom we meet and ask them how they are. We will ask: "How are you?" The people whom we do not meet, we will enquire of them and try to remove their problems, if any.

Our beloved Prophet (Sm) would sit turning his face towards his sahabis (followers) after salat. He then would ask them how they were. He tried to remove the problem if they had any. We will take care of the patients and ask about their well-being and enquire about them.


Speaking the truth

To speak the truth is a great virtue. The man who speaks the truth is

called a truthful man. Everybody trusts and loves a truthful man.

The truthful man is also dear to Allah. The Great Prophet (Sm) was

a truthful man from his boyhood. So he was dear to all.

No body trusts or loves him who tells a lie. Telling lies is the root of

all sins. Allah becomes displeased with him who tells lies.

The Great Prophet (Sm) says: "Truth sets a man free and lie ruins

him." He also says: "Truth leads a man to the path of virtue."

One day a man came to the Great Prophet (Sm) and told him: "I

steal and tell lies and also do many other bad deeds. It is not possible

for me to give up all these bad deeds altogether. You tell me to give

up one bad deed." The Great Prophet (Sm) told him not to tell lies.

The man said: "It is a very easy task.'' Later, it was found that it was

not possible for him to do any bad deed. Because he thought that if

any body asked him of any offence, he would not be able to tell a

lie. If he spoke the truth about that offence he would be ashamed

and would get punishment. In this way, he could save himself from

all kinds of bad deeds only by giving up telling lies.

We'll speak the truth always,

And we'll never tell lies.


Keeping promise

Keeping promise means to act according to the given commitment.

Every foley trusts and like one who keeps words or promises. Allah

Ta'ala becomes pleased with the person who keeps words. The

Prophet (Sm) says: "He is not a religious man who does not keep words."

The Holy Prophet (Sm) and his companions used to keep promise at

any cost.

There was a ruler in a province of Iran. His name was Hormuzan.

He was a tyrant and betrayer. In a battle, he was arrested by a band

of Muslim soldiers. He was brought before Caliph Umar (R). Umar

(R) said, "O Hormuzan, you killed many Muslims. You also

destroyed many houses of the inncocent people. Death sentence is

the punishment for you. Do you have anything to say before death?"

Hormuzan wanted water to drink. He was given water. He then said,

"Caliph, please give me a word that I will not be killed before I

drink water." Umar (R) gave him word. Cunning Hormuzan threw

away the water and said, "I will not drink water and you also cannot

kill me now."

The Muslim soldiers wanted to kill him. But Umar (R) said, "No,

that cannot be done. The word of a Muslim is much valuable. I have

to keep my commitment even if I have to pay a high price.

Hormuzan cannot be killed. He is now free."


Hormuzan became charmed at this high ideal of Islam. He then

embraced Islam.

We'll always keep our words

And we'll never break promises

Not to be greedy

Not to be greedy is a fine virtue of character. Greed becomes a cause of a man's sufferings, sorrows and unhappiness. Man is engaged in various kinds of bad deeds and vices due to greed. A greedy man is never happy and gets no peace of mind.The more he gets, the more he wants. We can save ourselves from many vices and diseases if we keep away ourselves from greed.

The Holy Prophet (Sm) says: "Beware of greed. Greed destroyed your former generations."

The Divine Book Jabur was revealed on Daud (A). His voice was very sweet. He could recite the Revealed Book sweetly. Every Saturday even sea-fish used to come to the shore to hear it from him. Saturday was their day of Ibadat. It was forbidden by Allah to catch fish on that day. But some greedy people did not pay heed to this. On that day they set a trap and caught fish. Allah then sent punishment on them. They are destroyed.

It is said, " Greed begets sin and sin begets death."

We shall keep ourselves away from the greed of bad deeds.


Not to waste

Many a time we waste many things. As for example, we take so much food that we don't need and throw that away. To misuse something needlessy is called wastage. It is a great sin.

Allah says: "Those who make wastage are the brothers of satan." We keep the light and the fan on and keep the water tap open uselessly. It causes much wastage. Some keeps the gas oven burning to save a match stick. Have we ever thought of how much valuable gas is wasted in this way? All these are wastage. Gas, water-all these are the gifts of Allah. We shall have to answer to Him for these acts of wastage.

Some people play with fireworks and crackers which is also wasting away of money. Again, this causes many dangers like getting fire in houses. Some fire the haystacks out of fun which may cause accidents. This is a kind of wastage. Some smoke cigarettes which is also wastage. It also affects our health badly.

We'll obey Allah's all orders,

And never do wastage of any kinds.

Not to backbite

Not to backbite is a special virtue of character. To speak ill of others, to speak bad things behind one's back that spoils one's


reputation-all these are gibat in Islamic terminology. Making gibat is a heinous crime just like eating the flesh of a dead brother.

To find out faults with others is a bad deed. Those who are good people never go to find out faults with other people. But those who are bad people find out faults with others.

Allah says: "Do not find out faults with others."

Gibat creates enmity with each other and ruins peace in the society. No one likes a person who backbites other people.

In this respect the Holy Prophet (Sm) says: "The backbiter will not enter heaven."

It's a sin to backbite and so also to hear it,

We'll never backbite nor shall we bear it.

Exercise


Tick (�) the correct answers

1. Which do you call good behaviour and good conduct?

(a) Ibadat (b) Akhlaq

(c) Iman (d) Dua

2. Which one is the great blessing of Allah to a man?

(a) Property (b) Children


(c) Beautiful face (d) Good character

3. Who are our nearest persons?

(a) Neighbours (b) Parents

(c) Brothers and Sisters (d) Friends

4. Under whose feet the paradise (jannat) of the children lies?

(a) the father (b) the teacher

(c) the mother (d) the elders

5. Who helps us grow up as real human beings?

(a) Father (b)Mother

(c) Teacher (d) Neighbour

6. Which emperor enhanced the dignity of teacher?

(a) Akbar (b) Babar

(c) Alamgir (d) Shah Jahan

7. To whom shall we pay our honour?

(a) youngers (b) elders

(c) friends (d) the rich

8. To whom shall we show our affection?

(a) the poor (b) the relatives

(c) the elders (d) the youngers


9. Where does man live?

(a) in market (b) in port

(c) in society (d) in jungle

10. Whenever we are in trouble who comes first to help us?

(a) neighbours (b) relatives

(c) friends (d) the rich

11. Who said, "Nurse the sick?"

(a) Allah (b) Holy Prophet (Sm)

(c) Doctor (d) The wise

12. Who used to spread thorns on the way of the Prophet (Sm)?

(a) a mad man (b) a boy

(c) a girl (d) an old woman.

13. What did our Prophet (Sm) do when he came to know about the illness of the old woman?

(a) nursed her (b) became pleaset

(c) used abusive words (d) cursed her

14. What do we call him who speaks the truth?

(a) The faithful (b) A person who is entrusted with something


(c) The truthful (d) One who practises austerity.

15. What does truthfulness give man?

(a) riches (b) friends

(c) freedom (d) misery

16. Which Caliph had talked with Hormuzan?

(a) Abu Bakr(R) (b) Ali (R)

(c) Umar (R) (d) Usman (R)

17. What did Hormuzan want before his death?

(a) milk (b) water

(c) honey (d) fruit

18. "The more he gets, the more he wants." who is he?

(a) a poor man (b) a greedy person

(c) a rich man (d) a beggar

19. To which Prophet the Jabur kitab was revealed?

(a) Musa (A) (b) Isa (A)

(c) Ibrahim (A) (d) Daud (A)

20. What do you call it when anything is wasted unnecessarily?

(a) wastage (b) breach of trust

(c) austerity (d) miserly


21. Those who make wastage are called satan's _________

(a) friends (b) followers

(c) brothers (d) disciple

22. To find fault with others is called __________

(a) criticism (b) jealousy

(c) envy (d) backbiting

23. To speak ill at the back of someone is called _______

(a) violation of trust (b) gibat

(c) blame (d) quarrel.

Fill in the blanks:

(a) We all live together ________ .

(b) There are many ________ living in a society.

(c) We will behave _______ with the neigbours.

(d) Garbages should not be ________ anywhere and everywhere.

Essay Type Questions

1. What should we say in our Munajat to have good character?

2. What do our parents do for us?

3. How should we behave with our parents?

4. What did a companion of the Holy Prophet (Sm) ask him?


5. What dua should we say in our prayer for our parents?

6. What do our teachers do for us?

7. Why was Emperor Alamgir dissatisfied?

8. "Your Majesty, Emperor Alamgir, you are really great." Who said that and why?

9. How should you behave with your teacher?

10. Write in short the story written in your book about how a teacher should be respected.

11. What is your duty towards your elders?

12. How will you behave with your youngers?

13. What did our Holy Prophet (Sm) say about paying respect to the elders and affection to the youngers?

14. Who are our neighbours?

15. What did our Prophet (Sm) say about behaving with our neighbours?

16. What are your duties to the neighbours?

17. Write in short the story of Imam Abu Hanifa's behaviour with his neighbour.

18. What will you do if someone is ill?

19. Write an ideal story from our Prophet's (Sm) life about his nursing a sick person.


20. Who is called a truthful person? What is the idea of a man about him?

21. What did the Holy Prophet (Sm) say about truth and falsehood?

22. What do people think of the person who tells lies?

23. "Truth leads to the path of virtue." Write a story in this connection.

24. What do you understand by 'keeping promise'?

25. What did Umar (R) promise to Hormuzan?

26. What harm does it make if one is greedy?

27. What did our Holy Prophet (Sm) say about greed?

28. What did the greedy people do during the time of Daud (A) and what punishment came upon them?

29. What do you understand by wastage?

30. What does Allah Ta'ala say about the person who is habituated with wastage?

31. How does the wastage of gas, electricity and water occur?

32. Describe the bad effects of wastage.

33. What do you understand by backbiting? What sort of crime is it to speak gibat of others?

34. What are the bad effects of speaking ill of others?


35. What does Allah Ta'ala say about gibat (backbiting)?

36. What does the Holy Prophet (Sm) say about gibat(backbiting)?

Class work

(a) Make a list how you will show your honour to your parents.

(b) The students will clean the classroom once a week.

(c) Make a list of things how you will show your obedience to your teachers.

(d) Make a list how you will show honour to the elders.

(e) Make a list how you can perform your duties towards your neighbours.

(f) Make a list how you can nurse a sick person.

(g) Make a list of the good virtues to form character.

Chapter -V

Nabi and Rasul(The Prophets)

Who are Nabi and Rasul?

Allah Ta'ala sent Nabi and Rasul to invite and guide people to the path of Allah. One Messenger (one angel) from Allah would come to them. The Messenger would teach the Nabi and Rasul the way how to guide people to the path of Allah. The Nabi and Rasul have taught us how we should offer ibadat to Allah and pray to Him. They were fully honest and ideal greatmen. They were specially lovable servants to Allah.

Allah, the Great, revealed the Heavenly Books to a number of Prophets (A) through the angel Jibrail (A). They are called Rasuls. Of them, those who did not have any Heavenly Books are called Nabis. They had to follow the previously revealed Heavenly Books to guide the people.

The life and ideals of Hazrat Muhammad (Sm)

The birth and identity of the Prophet (Sm):

Our Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) was the last and greatest prophet. He was the most lovable Rasul to Allah. He was born in 570 A.D. He was born in the respectable Quraish family of Makkah.


His father's name was Abdullah and mother Amina.

The Prophet (Sm) in youth and his life in Makkah:

The Prophet (Sm) was an orphan. His grandfather Abdul Muttalib was a leader of the Quraish, and he was brought up by him. After his death Abu Talib, the Prophet's (Sm) uncle, took care of him. Abu Talib was also a leader of the Quraish. The Great Prophet like other boys of Arabia used to tend goats in the grazing fields and help his uncle in his business. Gradually, he took the charge of running the big business of Hazrat Khadija (R).

His Marriage:

The Prophet (Sm) married Hazrat Khadija (R) at the age of twenty-five. Hazrat Khadija(R) was then forty years old.

The condition of Arabia at that time:

At that time, the people of Arabia forgot Allah. They used to

worship hundreds of gods and goddeses and a lot of idols. Even they

kept 360 idols in the Holy Kaaba. They began quarrels, fights and

bloodsheds among themselves even for trifling matters. These

continued for years together. They engaged themselves in the vile

crimes like murder, theft, dacoity, looting and snatching. Gambling,

drinking, usury were day to day affairs in the society. Slaves and

womenfolk were oppressed. Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) had a mind to

stop these kinds of bad activities. So he consulted with his friends

and formed a peace organization called Hilful Fuzul.

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The good qualities of the Prophet (Sm):

The Holy Prophet (Sm) was a man of very good virtues. He was gentle, tender, polite and modest. He was an owner of highly good character. He used to speak the truth always. He had honesty, truthfulness and gracious nature. So the people of Makkah called him Al-Amin. Al-Amin means most trustworthy and a most reliable custodian. Everybody used to trust him. All kept their valuable things under his custody. He never broke their trust. The Great Prophet (Sm) lived a very simple life. He remained pure, neat and clean.

The Prophet's (Sm) attainment of Nabuwat (Prophethood):

The Holy Prophet (Sm) attained Nabuwat (prophethood) at the age of forty. Hazrat Jibrail (A) came to the cave of Hira in Holy Makkah with the message of Allah. Jibrail (A) informed him that Allah had chosen him as a Nabi and Rasul.

Preaching Islam in Makkah by the Holy Prophet (Sm):

Then the Prophet (Sm) started preaching Allah's chosen religion Islam. He preached, "Allah is one and unique. Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) is His Nabi and Rasul". He told the people to offer ibadat to none but Allah. But the non-believers and the idolators (mushriqs) became angry at this. They all became enemies to him. They started unspeakable oppression, torture and tribulation even upon his companions. At last, he and many of his Sahabies (companions)


migrated to Madinah in 622 A.D. At that time he was fifty-two years old. In Madinah, he lived peacefully together with the people of different communities. They accepted him as the chief leader of Madinah. The Great Prophet (Sm) sent messengers to all the races of Makkah and Madinah and other regions.

The messengers reached the dawah (invitation) of Islam to them. But the Quraish with many other races opposed the Muslims. Many battles took place at Badr, Uhud, Khandaq and at many places. Finally, Islam was victorious.

The Holy Prophet's (Sm) good conduct and showing dignity to labour:

The Holy Prophet (Sm) loved all the high and low, the rich and poor,

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and the servants and maid servants in the same manner. He had sweet behaviours to slaves. He never hated or abused or beat them. He purchased many slaves from others and set them free. Hazrat Anas (R) said, "I had served the Prophet (Sm) for ten years but he never scolded me saying, 'Why didn't you do this or that'?" He would himself do his own work. He would wash his own clothes and clean his house. He would collect dry firewood for cooking and milked goats. The holy mosque "Masjid-e-Nabawi" was constructed after his Hijrat (migration) to Madinah. During that time he himself carried stones. In the Battle of Khandaq, he himself dug the trenches and carried the mud away.

The Holy Prophet (Sm) said, "Those who work for you, are your brothers. Whatever you eat, feed them the same. Give them the same quality of dress as you wear. Help them when there is a hard work." He also said, "Pay the labourer for his labour before the sweat of his body is dried up."

Devotion to mother and showing dignity to women:

In those days, people would oppress the womenfolk. Baby daughters were buried alive. Mothers were not given due honour and behaved like servants. Women did not inherit the father's or the husband's property after his death.

The Holy Prophet (Sm) gave special emphasis to look after mothers and honour and respect them. He gave due dignity to women. He declared women's right to the father's and husband's property left by them. The Holy Prophet (Sm) gave high dignity to womenfolk. He said, "Paradise for a child lies at the feet of a mother".


Kindness and forgiveness of the Holy Prophet (Sm):

The Prophet (Sm) was the model of kindness and forgiveness. He used to show kindness and forgiveness to all. He never took revenge upon his enemy even if he got him within his reach. Rather he forgave him. As a result, even the non-believers were impressed by his generosity and embraced Islam in a body.

The Quraish of Makkah gave him and his companions unbearable torture. But he declared general amnesty to them after his victory of Makkah.

The Prophet's (Sm) kindness to animals:

The Prophet (Sm) loved birds and animals very much. He did not like to trouble any animals or creatures unnecessarily. Cattle, goats, chicken etc. are domestic pets. He urged people to give them food and water timely. Once a companion of the Prophet (Sm) came to him with a young bird. The mother bird was crying and flying over his (companion's) head. The Prophet (Sm) rebuked him for this act of cruelty and asked him to leave the young bird to its nest.

The life and character of the Prophet (Sm) is the best model for us. Allah says:

(Surely in the life of the Prophet there lies the best model for you.)

We are the Ummat of the Holy Prophet (Sm). We will follow him in all the activities of our life.

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Death of the Prophet (Sm):

The Holy Prophet (Sm) died on the 12th Rabiul Awal of the 11th Hijjri. According to English calendar, he died on the 7th June in 632 AD at the age of 63. He is the last Nabi and Rasul. No other Nabi or Rasul will come to earth upto the doomsday. His holy grave is at the Masjid-e-Nababi.

The names of some other Nabi-Rasuls:

Our Holy Prophet (Sm) is the last Nabi and Rasul. No more Nabi or Rasul will be sent by Allah in this world. Many Nabis and Rasuls came to the world before him. In Class III, we came to know some of them. The names of some other Nabis and Rasuls are given below:1. Hazrat Hud (A)2. Hazrat Salih (A)3. Hazrat Lut (A)4. Hazrat Ishaq (A)5. Hazrat Yakub (A)6. Hazrat Shuaib (A)7. Hazrat Ayub (A)8. Hazrat Musa (A)9. Hazrat Ilyas (A)10. Hazrat Al-Yasa (A)11. Hazrat Julkifal (A)12. Hazrat Jakariah (A)

We will pay our respect to all the Nabis and Rasuls. We will say 'Alaihissalam' when we will utter any of their names. We must believe that all of them were sent by Allah. But we will follow our Prophet (Sm). In the way of life, we will follow him and his guidance.


Hamd-e-Ilahi -- Kazi Nazrul Islam

O my Lord, please listen to the munajat of my heart,

My heart utters Thine holy name all day and night.

I pray to Thee so that my ear can hear Thine Kalam,

And my eyes can see the ayats of the Holy Qur'an.

If I am in distress in any moment,

I want to utter the Kalima all day and night.

And, O my dear Lord, I earnestly pray to Thee

That my hands be devoted to sweep Thine mosque.

My dear Lord, I feel Thine presence

Everytime of my weal and woe

I feel Thine presence in my eyes and heart,

And to my thirsty soul, Thou art the spring of A'be-hayat.

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Na't-e-Rasul (Sm)-- Farrukh Ahmad

O our Nur Nabi Hazrat,

We are your dear ummat.

O our kind hearted Prophet,

You are the sun of light.

You have offered us your love

And showed us the path of life.

We need to follow the path shown by you,

We need to speak about you,

We need to get Iman and Izzat

In the light offered by you.

We, the people of the world, love you

And we get courage by loving you.


Exercise


Tick (�) the correct answers:

1. When was the Holy Prophet (Sm) born?

(a) 575 AD. (b) 570 AD.

(c) 550 AD. (d) 560 AD.

2. In which family was the Prophet (Sm) born?

(a) Gifar (b) Aws

(c) Quraish (d) Khajraj

3. How was the character of Muhammad (Sm)?

(a) average (b) good

(c) best (d) ordinary

4. Who taught us how to offer ibadat and prayer?

(a) Islamic Scholars (b) Teachers

(c) Nabis and Rasuls (d) Disciples.

5. The Heavenly Books were revealed on________

(a) Nabis (b) Rasuls

(c) Islamic Scholars (d) Muftis

6. The name of the father of our Prophet (Sm) was-

(a) Abdul Muttalib (b) Abu Talib

(c) Abdullah (d) Abul Hashim

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7. How many idols were there in the Holy Kaaba?

(a) 365 (b) 370

(c) 361 (d) 360

8. At what age did the Prophet (Sm) get married?

(a) at 25 (b) at 40

(c) at 24 (d) at 35

9. At what age Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) performed Hijrat?

(a) 50 years (b) 52 years

(c) 51 years (d) 55 years

10. Who was called Al-Amin?

(a) Hazrat Abu Bakr (R) (b) Hazrat Omar (R)

(c) Hazrat Musa(A) (d) Hazrat Muhammad (Sm)

11. The best of ideals for the Muslims is _____

(a) Ibraahim (A) (b) Musa (A)

(c) Adam (A) (d) Muhammad (Sm)

Fill in the blanks:

(a) The name of the father of our Holy Prophet (Sm) was________

(b) ____________ means the most trustworthy.

(c) ____________ lies under the feet of a mother.

(d) We are the ___________ of the Holy Prophet (Sm).


Essay - type questions

1. Where is the birth place of our Prophet (Sm)?

2. What are the names of the parents of our Prophet (Sm)?

3. Whose title was 'Al-Amin'?

4. At what age did the Prophet (Sm) get Nabuwat (Prophethood)?

5. What did the Prophet (Sm) say about behaving with the servants?

6. What is said by Allah about the character of the Prophet (Sm)?

7. To whom did our Prophet (Sm) send messengers and what for?

8. What did the Prophet say about the dignity of womenfolk?

Class Work

1. Make a list of ten ideal qualities of the Holy Prophet (Sm).

2. Make a list of the names of seven Nabi and Rasuls.

THE END

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