clara integrating latin american and european research and education networks through the alice...

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Integrating Latin American and European Research and Education Networks through the ALICE projectOctober 2003

Michael StantonMember, CLARA Technical CommitteeRede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa do Brasil - RNP<[email protected]>

Cathrin StöverProject Manager, ALICE ProjectDANTE<[email protected]>

Michael Stanton - CLEI 20032

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A Brief Story of Networking in Latin America

• Political, linguistic and cultural considerations have traditionally led to considerable interaction between countries within the region

However, networking has not followed this model:• First connections (BITNET) starting 1986 using satellite

links between the US and each country separately• Same topology inherited with transition to Internet• Even multilateral initiatives (RedHUCyT in mid 90s and

AMPATH from 2001) have used traffic hubs in the US.


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First global conections from LA countries

Two “classical” phases of connectivity:

• e-mail networks (BITNET, UUCP)• full Internet (IP) connectivity

• Table shows the first connections for each LA NREN (National Research and Education Network)

MX CL BR NI UY PY VE AR CR

e-mail 86 86 88 88 88 89 90 90 90

IP 89 92 91 94 94 95 92 93 93

CO EC PE BO CU PA GT SV HN

e-mail 90 91 91 91 91 92 92 94 94

IP 94 92 94 95 96 94 95 96 95


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Influence of telecommunications infrastructure

• Until very recently, the only available telecom infrastructure for data communication was by satellite– cost independent of distance– no incentive for establishing links within the region, as all

countries were mainly interested in access to global Internet

• Recent important changes (since late 1990s):– end of state telecom monopoly in many countries

• competition and lower prices• most LA NRENs replaced by commodity IP providers

(for economic or political reasons)– building out of new infrastructure based on submarine

fibre optical cables


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Optical cable infra-structure

• Advances in optical transmission technologies have recently made it possible to build very long distance undersea communications systems based on DWDM

• In the late 1990s, many new DWDM cable systems were built, vastly increasing the installed capacity

• Principal new undersea cable operators in Latin America:– Global Crossing– Telefonica International Wholesale Services

(e-mergia)– New World Networks (ARCOS cable)


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Worldwide Submarine Optical Cables - 2002


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New Optical Cables in Latin America

PanamericanGlobal Crossing & EmergiaImpSatTransandinoUniSurGlobal Crossing


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New cables in the Caribbean (Maya & Arcos)

Curacao

North Miami

Cat Island

Crooked Island

Providenciales(Turks & Caicos Islands)

Puerto Plata

San Juan

Punta Cana

WillemstadPunto Fijo

Riohacha

UstupoMariaChiquita

PuertoLimon

Bluefields

PuertoCabezas

PuertoLempira

Trujillo

PuertoCortes

PuertoBarrios

Ladyville

Cancun

Tulum

271km

309km

319km

376km

258km

325km 291km

1006km

242km372km

351km

314km301km371km

270km

279km

258km

339km

241km294km

363km

165km

114km

474km

521km Maya

Arcos(festoon)


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Internet2

• Until 1995, the USA maintained a national R&E network called NSFNET, created in 1986.– When NSFNET was created, there was no equivalent

commodity service• In 1995 all US R&E users were obliged to seek IP

service from commodity providers• In 1996, the Internet2 project was created, to provide

“advanced networking” service to the R&E community, through the Abilene network

• Similar initiatives have been taken in other countries, especially Canada, Europe and Japan.

• Today, Internet2 connectivity is an important characteristic of R&E networking worldwide.


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Present Internet2 Connectivity in Latin America

AmPath• uses Global Crossing• connects AR, BR (2), CL,

VE• 45 Mbps • all connections are point to

point from Miami, and thence to Abilene

Mexico• cross-border connections to

USA (TX and CA)

AmPath


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Present State of Latin American NRENs

Established education and research networks:• With dedicated Internet2 connections:

Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Venezuela• Some with dedicated int’l connectivity:

Cuba, Uruguay

Education and research networks being re-established(present nat’l/int’l connectivity through commercial ISPs)

• Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, Peru, Paraguay, El Salvador

No education/research network (most connected to Internet via commercial ISPs): Nicaragua, Honduras, Dominican Republic, Haiti, rest of Caribbean


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Abundant

Medium

Narrow

Argentina - RETINA (www.retina.ar)

•4 with advanced connectivity

•8 in the near future

•57 with low connectivity

- 45 Mbps to AmPath


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- ATM backbone- 14 nodes- 300 Mbps total b/w

- FR to other PoPs- 15 state networks- Aggregate int’l b/w

over 400 Mbps (incl. 90 Mbps to AmPath)

- new backbone in 4Q2003

Brazil - RNP (www.rnp.br/index_en.html)


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Iquique

Antofagasta

Copiapó

La Serena

ValparaísoSantiago

Talca

Con cepción

TemucoValdivia

Arica

Osorno

Chile - REUNA (www.reuna.cl)

u t f s mre u n a

u ch ile

u m ce

u fro

u a ch

u te m

V a lpa ra ís o

S a n t ia g o

C o n ce pció n

Te m u co

V a ldiv ia

u n a p u ta

u cn

u a n to f

I qu iqu e

A n to fa g a s ta

C o pia pó

u s e re n a

L a S e re n a

Ta lca

u ta lca

u dau da

u de c

u bio bio

u la g o s

S witch de B a ck bo n e

S witch de A cce s o

R o u te r de A cce s o

Tra m a S D HFO M u lt im o doFO M o n o m o do

u dp

u n a p Un iv e rs ida d A rtu ro Pra tu ta Un iv e rs ida d de Ta ra pa cáu cn Un iv e rs ida d C a tó lica de l No rteu a n to f Un iv e rs ida d de A n to fa g a s tau da Un iv e rs ida d de A ta ca m au s e re n a Un iv e rs ida d de la S e re n au t f s m Un iv e rs ida d Técn ico Fe de rico S a n ta M a ríau ch ile Un iv e rs ida d de C h ileu te m Un iv e rs ida d Te cn o ló g ica M e tro po lita n au m ce Un iv e rs ida d M e tro po lita n a de C s . de la Edu ca ció nu dp Un iv e rs ida d D ie g o Po rta le su ta lca Un iv e rs ida d de Ta lcau de c Un iv e rs ida d de C o n ce pció nu bio bio Un iv e rs ida d de l B ío B íou fro Un iv e rs ida d de la Fro n te rau a ch Un iv e rs ida d A u s tra l de C h ileu la g o s Un iv e rs ida d de lo s L a g o s

- ATM backbone- 10

nodes- 10/60

Mbps- 45 Mbps to

AmPath


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Mexico - CUDI (www.cudi.edu.mx)

• Internal links at 155 Mbps

• 400 Mbps of int’l connectivity


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Where do we go from here?

• AMPATH´s achievements– Initial boost for Advanced Networking in LA– Stimulus for advanced connectivity inside each country– Motivation for collaborative projects– Connectivity needs, delayed till now due to high costs, being

solved

BUT

• Why does LA communicate internally through Miami?

• Why does LA communicate with other parts of the world through the US?


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DANTE and Pan-European R&E networking

• In Europe, global networking also began with direct BITNET and IP links to the US from separate countries

• Since the early 1990s great efforts have been invested in pan-European networking, through the creation of a series of regional backbone networks:

• These networks have been built and managed by DANTE (Delivering Advanced Networking Technology to Europe), with financing by European NRENs and the EU

• Four versions of the pan-European backbone network– EuropaNET (1992-1997)– TEN-34 (1997-1998)– TEN-155 (1998-2001)– GÉANT (2002- )


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TEN-34

• Trans-European Network at 34 Mbps

• 20 countries• operational in 1997• backbone speed inferior to

internal NREN links(cost of int’l links)


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TEN-155

• Set up after liberalisation and harmonisation of European telecom industry

• Much cheaper int’l connectivity within Europe

• In some countries liberalisation delayed


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GÉANT

• First network of the “Bandwidth Age”

• 20-fold increase in capacity over TEN-155 for the same cost

• Principal connections are 10 and 2.5 Gbps wavelengths

• Currently the largest capacity operational IP network in the world


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Falling costs in the Bandwidth Age


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The @LIS iniciative

• Through GÉANT, the European R&E community enjoys high bandwidth connectivity with N. America

• Initiatives already taken to improve connectivity to Asian-Pacific, Mediterranean and Latin American regions, with support from the European Commission

• @LIS: Alliance for the Information Society (2003-2005)– 62.5 Million Euros for EU-LA on Information Society

Issues– 10 Million Euros for Interconnecting Europe & Latin

American Researchers


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CAESAR: Connecting All European and South American Researchers.

European initiative to prepare for the @LIS program• Promote EU-LA connectivity through regional

connectivity within LA plus a large pipe to Europe• Participants: DANTE, NRENs of Spain and Portugal• CAESAR Workshop 2002 in Toledo became starting

point for CLARA – cooperative organisation for advanced networking in

LA– regional network:

feasibility study showed that @LIS budget sufficient to establish advanced connectivity to all LA countries


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• Association of NRENs in LA open to all LA Countries– constituted in Uruguay (like LACNIC)

• CLARA is not limited to @LIS/CAESAR time scale and restrictions

• Will connect LA to Europe and to other regions• Cost to connect to the backbone will be the same for every

country at equal bandwidth• Improve Internet2 connectivity by optimising LA

participation in AMPATH


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• Argentina• Brasil• Bolivia• Chile• Colombia• Costa Rica• Cuba• Dominican Republic• Ecuador• El Salvador

• Guatemala• Honduras• Mexico• Nicaragua• Panama• Paraguay• Peru• Uruguay• Venezuela

CLARA Members


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Comments about CLARA

• CLARA responds to long-standing need for coordination between LA NRENs.

• Builds on trust-building already carried out between major partners

• Offers support for NREN building in other LA countries by provision of support and int’l connectivity


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ALICE project: May 2003 to April 2006

ALICE - América Latina Interconectada Con Europa• Sucessor project to CAESAR• Coordinated by DANTE, with participation of NRENs from Italy,

France, Spain, Portugal and the CLARA countries, and eventually CLARA itself

• February 2003: technical definitions complete• June 2003: Open tender for provisioning of links• September/October 2003: Link contracts assigned• January 2004: Network operational

Notes:• DANTE is the project coordinator and will sign contracts with users

and providers• CLARA is expected to represent interests of LA users in the medium

term (one year)


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Suggested network topology

• Major connectivity between Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico (at least 45 Mbps)

• Other countries connect to major nodes (between 10 and 45 Mbps)

• Large pipe to Europe (at least 155 Mbps)


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Two possible ALICE network scenarios(based on first responses to connectivity tender)

NOTE: tender is still not finalised

Network expected to be operational in January, 2004


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Experimental networking in Latin America

• Internet2 style networks provide for today’s connectivity needs of the P&E community

• In future, with the growth of this community and its needs, new solutions will need to be provided

• Such solutions are currently being developed and demonstrated in experimental networking testbeds


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Networking testbeds

• NSF classification of networking testbedsbeyond Internet 2 (Tom Greene)– Experimental Infrastructure Networks (EIN) - Internet 3– Networking Research Testbeds (NRT) - Internet 4

• Internet 4 optical networks– dynamic lambda-switched, OPS, OBS networks

• Internet 3 optical networks– Based mostly on statically lambda-switched networks– growing number of networks providing production

networking support for advanced applications


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Some current experimental optical networking projects in Latin America

• Chile:G-REUNA - Advanced Applications Testbed

• Brazil:Project GIGA - Optical Networking and Applications Testbed

Both of these are a mixture of EIN and NRT (Internet 3 and 4)


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G-REUNA (Chile) experimental network (2002-2003)

• Phase I of G-REUNA:• R&D in optical

networking and advanced applications

• IP/DWDM• govt. and telco support• 250 km network between

Santiago and Valparaiso• participation of leading

research universities and national academic network (REUNA)

• http://redesopticas.reuna.cl


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Project GIGA (Brazil)

• Partnership between – RNP (Brazilian NREN) www.rnp.br – CPqD (telco industry R&D centre in Campinas, SP)

www.cpqd.com.br– R&D community in industry and universities

• Build an advanced networking laboratory (GIGA network) for development and demonstration purposes

• Support R&D subprojects in optical and IP networking technology and advanced applications and services

• Industry participation (telcos provide the fibres; technology transfer of products and services required)

• Government funding for 3 years - started December 2002


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GIGA network: objectives

• explore user control of optical fibre infrastructure– interconnect 20 academic R&D centres in S.E. Brazil– use of IP/DWDM with Ethernet framing

• provide Networking Research Testbed (NRT) for optical and IP network development

• provide Experimental Infrastructure Network (EIN) for development and demonstration of applications

• expected to operate before end 2003.


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GIGA network: geographical localisation(states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro)

FapesptelcosUnesp

USP - IncorUSP - C.Univ.

CPqDLNLS

Unicamp

LNCC

CPTEC UFF

CTAINPE

CBPFLNCC

FiocruzIME

IMPA-RNPPUC-Rio

telcosUERJUFRJ

UniversitiesIMEPUC-RioUERJUFFUFRJUnespUnicampUSP

R&D CentresCBPF - physicsCPqD - telecomCPTEC - meteorologyCTA - aerospaceFiocruz - healthIMPA - mathematicsINPE - space sciencesLNCC - HPCLNLS - physics

About 600 km extension - not to scale


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GIGA Project:Initial design of the network

• DWDM WAN between Campinas and Rio de Janeiro• WDM MANs in Rio,

S. Paulo and Campinas• Switches between WAN

and MANs for IP packets and lambdas (under study)

• later: redundant topologyand optical switching

Petrópolis

CPLSJCSPO

T-DWDMT-DWDM

AD-DWDM AD-DWDMAD-DWDM

Switch

Switch SwitchSwitch

Switch

T-AOL

CPSRJO

Niterói

CPS

SPO

SJCCPL

RJO

CPS - CampinasSPO - São PauloSJC - São José dos CamposCPL - Cachoeira PaulistaRJO - Rio de Janeiro


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Some GIGA R&D subprojects

• intelligent optical network with monitoring and control of physical parameters– optical amplification, dispersion, equalisation, SNR, ...

• optical switching architecture– control plane: dynamical bandwidth provisioning and

mesh restoration– provisioning end-to-end optical circuits for specific

applications• IP over WDM: unified control plane and integrated network

management• high performance distributed applications• advanced multimedia applications


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Conclusion

• Both international cooperation (through AmPath and CLARA) and development of experimental networking have percussions:– provides valuable opportunities for academic user

community in LA to collaborate with peer groups in other countries

– permits the acquiring and diffusion of experience in advanced networking technologies, often absent in LA countries


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Acknowledgements and references

• With thanks to many colleagues from both Europe and Latin America, too many all to be mentioned here individually. Most of the LA maps are by Florencio Utreras, from REUNA (Chile).

• ALICE website:www.dante.net/alice

• ALICE brochure (in English, Spanish and Portuguese):www.dante.net/alice/ALICEbrochure.pdf

• RNP website:www.rnp.br

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