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    Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Milk Fat

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     What is Conjugated Linoleic Acid (LCA)?

    Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) refers to a

    group of naturally occurring isomers of linoleic

    acid present in ruminant fats and dairy

    products.  CLA has great benet to human

    health.

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    CLA isomers are produced from thebiohydrogenation of linoleic acid by rumen

    bacteria. CLA has been shown to oer

    numerous health benets to cardiovascular

    disease cancer obesity osteoporosis and

    the immune system.

    !iohydrogenation is the process of

    converting unsaturated fatty acids to moresaturated end products by rumen

    microbes.

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    "tructural dierences between non#conjugated and conjugated double bonds in apolyunsaturated fatty acid$

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    "tructural dierences between cis and transdouble bonds in an unsaturated fatty acid$

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    "tructures of linoleic acid (top)c#%

    t #&& CLA(middle) and t #&'c& CLA (bottom)$

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     he term CLA consists of a collection ofpositional and geometrical isomers of

    octadecadienoic acid with conjugated double

    bonds ranging from *+ to &&,. -or every

    positional isomer four geometric pairs of

    isomers are possible (i.e. cistrans transcis

    ciscis and transtrans). he term CLA

    therefore includes a total of + positional and

    geometrical isomers.

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     Variation of CLA content in milk fat

    Cows/ mil0 fat is the richest natural common

    source of CLA. Levels ranging from to

    12 mg g4& fat have been recorded.

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    Examples of studies on dietary manipulation of milk CLAconcentrations

    & 1 , 5 *

    '

    5

    &'

    &5

    '

    5

    & $ 116 7asture $ **6 7asture

    1 $ &''6 7asture, $ &''6 7asture inlowland5 $ &''6 7asture inmountain* $ &''6 7asture in8ighland

    CLA contentmg/g

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     9:$ otal mi;edration

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     his large range in CLA values can be attributed

    to a number of factors.

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     he presence of CLA in mil0 fat from ruminantsrelates to

    the isomeri>ation and biohydrogenation of

    unsaturated fatty acids (-As) by rumen

    bacteria

     he ?%@desaturase activity in the mammary

    gland (-ig. &).

    http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0958694606001440http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0958694606001440

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    Figure 1. metabolic pathways for the formation of CLA isomers

    Linoleic acid (cis#%cis#& &+$) is rstisomeri>ed to theCLA cis#%trans#&&by cis#& trans#&&isomerase and thenhydrogenated byButyrivibriofbrisolvens tovaccenic acid (A

    trans#&& &+$&) in

    the rumen.

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     hecis

    #%trans

    #&& CLA comprises 25@%'6 oftotal CLA and is derived from linoleic acid and

    α#linolenic acid.

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     han0 you


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