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Lecture 15:

HSI, Modelling and Simulation

K S Rajan

IIIT, Hyderabad

Approaches

Organizations and SEs employ a number ofapproaches to development of specifications.

Typical approaches include:

1. Feature-based approach

2. Reuse-based approach

3. Performance-based approach

4. Model-based Structured Analysis

approach

Model Based Approach Developing a Vehicle

Capabilities will need to enumerated for each3.2.1 Vehicle Frame System

3.2.2 Body System

3.2.3 Propulsion System

3.2.4 Fuel System

3.2.5 Electrical System

3.2.6 Cooling System3.2.7 Steering System

3.2.8 Entertainment System

3.2.9 Storage System, etc.

-- Each System is based on the Performance-basedApproach

Human-System Interface Do we need this?

Esp. if systems/products are technicalEQUIPMENTS in nature

After deployment, often an imbalancebetween PERSONNEL performance andEQUIPMENT performance

WHICH tasks are best performed by theEQUIPMENT, PERSONNEL, orcombinations of the two?

Anthropometry ; haptics; ergonomics

Definitions Anthropometry The scientific measurement and collection of data

about human physical characteristics and the application (engineeringanthropometry) of these data to the design and evaluation of systems,equipment, and facilities.

Anthropometrics Quantitative descriptions and measurements ofthe physical body variations in people. These are useful in humanfactors design

Ergonomics The multi-disciplinary science concerned with the studyof work and how to apply knowledge of human capabilities,performance, and limitations to workplace design via human-systeminterfaces and interactions.

Haptic Refers to all the physical sensors that provide a sense of touchat the skin level and force feedback information from muscles and

joints. Haptics The design of clothing or exoskeletons that not only sense

motions of body parts (e.g., fingers) but also provide tactile and forcefeedback for haptic perception of a virtual world.

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HIS from SE perspective Key StrengthsHUMAN

1. Value-based judgmentsand decisions

2. Priority selections

3. Resource allocationsover time

4. Impromptu tasks5. Creative, nonrepetitive

tasks

6. Sensitivity to painfulconditions

7. Human communications

8. Smell and touch9.Adaptive behavior

MACHINE

1. Processing, storing, and retrieving vastamounts of data.

2. Computing complex algorithms and trends in ashort period of time.

3. Transmitting and receiving large amounts oferror-free data under time constraints.

4.Artificially controlling human performance underprescribed safety conditionsaircraftperformance.

5. Sensing and analyzing microscopic scalevariations in electrical, mechanical, optical,environmental, and chemical conditions.

6. High-speed, noncreative, repetitive taskssuch as mass production.

7. Controlling high-risk operations that pose safetyand health threats to humans and theenvironment such as steel mill, handlinghazardous and toxic materials.

8. Leveraging human physical capabilities.

9. Measuring parameterssuch as time, mass,and material composition.

Human Factors Engineering

1.Anthropometric factors

2. Sensory factors

3. Cognitive factors

4. Psychological factors

5. Physiological factors.

HSI uses

Personnel-Equipment Interactions

Audio; Visual and Vibratory cues helps

in Prompts; Health Status; Reporting

problem, progress

Command and Control Devices

Generalized and Specialized I/O Solutions

Elements of HSI1. Human factors engineering (HFE)

capabilities and analysis

2. Manpower

3. Personnel

4. Training

5. Safety

6. Health hazards

7. Human survivability

Prototypes and Demonstrations

Human System tasking

Models? Helps in What-if scenario building

Deterministic Models Predictable, repetitive in nature

Stochastic Models Based on probabilistic relationships between event

occurrences (random events)

Data based inference or estimate

Analytical Model development is similar to theSystem Development

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Model Validation For confidence that model is valid

Works well in the simulated (or scaled reality)

real world

Model Characteristics

Functional, physical

Model Fidelity

Levels of reality

How to say what is right level? Specifications

Modeling and simulation

possible applications

Application 1: Simulation-based architectureselection

Application 2: Simulation-based architecturalperformance allocations

Application 3: Simulation-based acquisition(SBA)

Application 4: Test environment stimuli

Application 5: Simulation-based failureinvestigations

Application 6: Simulation based training

Application 7: Test bed environments fortechnical decision support

Model and Simulation Challenges

Challenge 1: Failure to Record Assumptions and

Scenarios

Challenge 2: Improper Application of the Model

Challenge 3: Poor Understanding of Model

Deficiencies and Flaws

Challenge 4: Model Portability Challenge 5: Poor Model and Simulation

Documentation

Challenge 6: Failure to Understand Model Fidelity

Challenge 7: Undocumented Features

Project

PDR should contain

System Definition

Sub-System

Specifications (Entity level or Operational

Level or both)

Can use the checklist given in Sec 31.6 or

build your own

Operational Level Specs Entity Level Specs