CJ235-01 Unit 1

Canines in Criminal Justice

Welcome • Turn on Speakers• Phone Numbers– Tech Support - 866-522-7747 (2) (3) (open

24/7)– Tim – 561-827-3003 (8:00 AM – 9 PM ET)

• Class Rules• Unit weeks run from Wednesday – Tuesday• What’s New

Housekeeping

• Call me Tim• Ask Questions Any Time in Seminar (???????)• Text Books – Scent and the Scenting Dog–Police Dog Tactics

• Teaching Philosophy– Learn best by doing all the work and doing it

correctly– Learn best when learning is fun and relevant

Class Requirements• Week 1 Assignments are– Read Web field trip on War Dogs – Attend the weekly Seminar – Make postings to the Discussion Boards

• Writing Assignments (Projects)– Week 2 (2 to 3 pages) – Week 3 (2 to 3 pages)– Week 5 (2 to 3 pages)– Week 7 (2 to 3 pages)– Week 9 (4 to 6 pages)

Your paper format should be as follows:– Cover Sheet– Body of the Paper (2-3 pages)– References Page– Utilize at least one reference outside of the course textbook to

support your stance on the issues– Do not use Wikipedia.com as a reference– Include an introductory and concluding paragraph and

demonstrate college-level communication through the composition of original materials in Standard American English

– The entire work should be in APA format including in-text references and reference page

– All text and reference pages should be double-spaced and in Arial or Times New Roman 12-point font

Terms and Phrases• Police Service Dog: A canine trained to perform certain functions to assist

law enforcement officers in the performance of their duties. This includes criminal apprehension, tracking and the detection of illegal, dangerous or other substances to further the progress of an investigation.

• Military Service Dogs: A canine trained to perform services in assisting military personnel in the performance of their assignments. Their functions include sentry duty, mine detection, messenger, patrol, tracking, and search and rescue.

• Service Dogs: Canines trained by civilian organizations as Seeing Eye dogs, search and rescue and rehabilitation partners.

• Dogs for Defense: A volunteer group in cooperation with the American Kennel Association that organized the donation of quality dogs to the service of the military after America’s entry into World War II.

• Pack and Pull Dogs: Dogs trained by the US Army for the primary purpose of rescuing downed pilots and transportation of cargo through snow and rough terrain.

History Of The Working Dog• Men have long taken advantage of the keen scenting powers of to

search for lost or fugitives persons.

• The earliest known account of a dog serving as a detective and pointing out his masters murderer, dates back to the reign of Pyrrhus the King of Epirus 300 – 272 B.C.

• English soldiers used tracking dogs in the 1620’s to trail highway men, who sought refuge from justice.

• In the United States, tracking hounds were used to follow runaway slaves, prior to the Civil War

• Dogs were used for over 60 years to rescue people from drowning in the River Seine

• Dogs were first used for civic protection in France from the early 1300’s. The program was halted in 1770 after the dogs attacked and killed a young naval officer, whom they had found on the street after curfew.

• In 1899, Ghent Belgium was cited as the first city to establish a school where dogs were trained for Law Enforcement work. The Ghent dog program started with three dogs and soon thereafter seven more came. All ten worked and trained for Police Service. Ghent had a population of about 175,000 within 10 square miles. The dogs worked between the hours of 10:00 PM and 6:00 AM.

• The Germans studied the Ghent program and by 1910 over 600 towns in Germany had Police Dogs. Several Police forces in Hungary, Austria, and Italy followed.

• Rittmeister (Cavalry Captain) Max Von Stephanitz who is known as “The Father of The German Shepherd” wrote the book “The German Shepherd in Word and Picture” in 1910, it was translated into English in 1923.

• Max Von Stephanitz helped develop Shutzhund to start a breed standard to preserve the strong working lines in German Shepherd. Through his direction the Verein fur Deustche Schaferhunde SV. was established in April of 1899.

• Working Dogs Service During War

• Greeks and Romans: Used dogs as far back as 700 B.C. in warfare. They suited them with armor and spiked collars and sent them against the enemy before an attack or offensive to create chaos and cause confusion

• Benjamin Franklin: Was the earliest dog man in this country, he tried to get the Army to use them in the 1700’s.

• Civil War between the States: Saw the use of dogs as Sentries and Messengers by both the North and the South, although they weren’t as sophisticated as they later became.

• World War I: Taught us a big lesson about the value of the dog when the Germans trained and used 50,000 of them against allied forces. Lee Duncan found an injured Rin Tin Tin during the war and imported the first German Shepherd to the United States.

• World War II: Brought about the use of dogs by nearly every organized army in the world, France, British, Russian, as well as America.

• Pearl Harbor: Initiated the greatest interest in this country, a group of civilians known as “Dogs for Defense Inc.” recruited dogs while the Army trained them.

• America used 10,000 dogs in World War II, and many of them were awarded high honors for their bravery under fire.

• The United States Air Force took the lead in training military working dogs after World War II. They established schools all over the world to train every branch of the service in Germany, Japan, Texas, Colorado, and Okinawa

• The Patrol Dog concept evolved out of a need for multi-purpose working dogs who could in close quarters with “friendlies” unlike the Sentry Dogs of years ago.

• 1966: the Air Force sent four canine teams to the Washington D.C. Police Department to undergo training in the new Patrol Dog Concept and they were impressed with the type of training they received.

• In 1968: Thirty canine team supervisors were given training in the new Patrol Dog Concept during a course at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas.

• After training they returned to their home base to conduct a 120 day retraining exercise of their old sentry dogs. It was evaluated as a success and the old sentry dog program was replaced although some of the old sentry dogs had a hard time grasping the dual personality concept.

• The Vietnam War: Gave us a K-9 hero named “Nemo”, the first military dog to be officially retired from active service. While he and his handler Airman Thorneburg, were on patrol their base was attacked. Nemo saved his whole platoon by alerting on the V.C. before they were wounded by enemy fire. Nemo lost an eye from a head wound. (After retirement he resided at Lackland A.F.B. and toured the country to help procure dogs for military service.)

• It is estimated that K-9’s and their handlers saved about 10,000 lives during the Vietnam conflict

• Iraq and Afghanistan– Goal is to have 1000 bomb sniffing dogs in Iraq

within 5 years - religious issues with dogs– When I tell you, you will go to the following site,

watch the video, then come back to class

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JORlVWNfDTQ

Why Dogs are trainable -

CanineBehaviors

BehaviorThe Mind of the Dog

In dealing with K-9’s you may hear it said that “Dogs do not think, they merely behave”.

It has been determined that a dogs mind functions 80% by Instinct and 20% by knowledge learned within a life time.

Instinct is defined as:The natural, unconscious, inborn ability of a dog.

DevelopmentThe critical period in which dogs begin to develop mentally, starts

after the 21st day of his life.Mental development of the puppy’s first days:

1 to 21: Mental capacity is zero.21-28: The puppy begins to use his senses. Social stressors have

their greatest effect.28-49: The puppy’s brain becomes active and he starts to function

with awareness of his surroundings. At 49 days the puppy’s brain has grown to the capacity of adult form. At the end of the

7 week period the puppy should be removed from the litter. Some training should start at the 7 week point and extend to

the 12th week.

Mental maturity is reached at one year of age.The dog’s body continues to grow up to two years.

Pack FamilyEvolution has determined that the dog is a pack animal.

It’s mind possesses inherited instincts and survival strategies that help it function within a pack society.

All canine societies contain class structures and each dog will take the position to that structure in which it’s talents entitle it.

The two most important aspects of this class structure are:

A) Sexual urgesB) Physical Dominance

Pack Family (continued)Territorial Rights

For the canine pack to survive in the wild, they developed territorial rights and guard them instinctively against all

invaders.The instincts to hunt, kill, and carry game were developed by the

evolutionary process in order that the pack could exploit it’s territory.

Pack Society and how it effects Territorial Rights:

Like animals with an established rank structure, working together for the benefit of the pack. Lends to territorial rights in which

they will defend against outsiders who seek to take their food, water, or living conditions.

Canine IntelligenceAs previously stated a dogs mind functions 80% by instinct and

20% knowledge learned in a lifetime.

Dogs learn through Trial and Error.

What is Instinct?An inborn, inherited, and unconscious ability in a dog.

What is intelligence?The ability to use one’s past experience effectively.

The ability to solve a problem, reason, think abstractly, have insight, forethought, make decisions, and use imagination are all human traits and

not a dog’s.A dog is capable of reasoning and solving problems to some degree, such as

escaping out of something and this could be construed as intelligence.

Canine Intelligence (continued)Although a dog’s reasoning powers are poor, he does have a strong,

sound memory, which makes him trainable.

A dog learns far more than he understands.

A dog is capable of learning tasks with proper training, even though he will not understand most them.

He just wants to please his master and will complete a task that he has thoroughly learned and committed to memory.

Canine EmotionsA dog lives in a realm of emotions. His emotions govern every

instinctive response and should be understood if we are to train effectively and proficiently.

Dogs resemble humans more in their emotions than in their intelligence.

1) The basis of understanding all canine behavior is to first understand,

A dog’s responses (behavior/emotion) are never uncaused.

2) Stimuli has a direct effect on the dog’s emotions and through his needs, he responds.

Canine Emotions (continued)You should be able to identify these emotions in your dog.

FearA) One of the strongest emotions and has the longest lasting impression.

B) A dog placed in constant fear will develop neurosisPavlov’s Neurosis Experiment

Demonstrated that when a dog is presented with a problem that in his mind, he cannot overcome yields that a dog will either fight, flee, or shut down.

Another aspect of fear is a phobia.

Phobia: n. “an unreasonable, abnormal, and lasting fear of something.”

Canine Emotions (continued)Frustration

“To prevent from carrying out a purpose”Dogs can become frustrated for many reasons, some which they do

not understand.Frustration can lead to various behaviors including, destructive

habits, violent behavior, and depression, to name a few.

Jealousy“Demanding complete devotion; Feeling mean resentment toward a

rival or competitor; Fearful loss over one’s devotion.”

We can relate jealousy to our dogs when they retire and you take on a new dog or when there is an addition to the family.

InstinctsDefinition: The natural, unconscious, inborn ability of a dog.

These instincts are deep seated and respond to stimuli which the circumstances and surroundings of the dog create at the time.

Proper training techniques require that you are aware that you are providing the proper stimuli to elicit the instinctive response.

Instincts that a dog possesses

Instinct: Uses:Hunting Searching, Wind-scenting, Trailing, Listening

Killing Manwork

Carrying for it’s Young Retrieving

Examples of Instincts

1) Urination: A male dog urinates according to the amount of testosterone or male hormone in his system, he will squat until his testicles mature and begin secreting testosterone, at which time the instinct to raise his leg will come about.

2) Instinct to guard: One of the late developing behaviors is the guarding instinct. A dog will protect what he perceives is his and will not allow outsiders to deprive him of his rewards.

3) Circling before lying down: This instinct is a carry over from their ancestors the wolf, who must trample a place in tall grasses to bed or create a nest for whelping puppies.

4) Packing: This is a manifestation of the territorial instinct, dogs are compelled to pack together in a collective guarding or hunting behavior.

5) Barking: The dogs form of communication, also stems from their ancestors the wolfs need to communicate to the pack or it’s enemies over large distances.

6) Maturation: Dog training depends on the hereditary and behavior patterns of a dog. Maturation is the name given to the development of instinctive behavior.

7) Killing Instinct: Although a strong instinct, through domestication dogs never acquire the “art of killing” since perfection of killing requires trial and error and domestic dogs no longer need to kill to survive.

8) Approval: This instinct drives the dog to please its master to assure that he will continue to feed and care for him.

9) Instinct to be free: Dogs crave freedom to escape from his environment to accomplish his desires, even if only for a limited time.

Ideally, we want to take these natural instincts and turn them into law

enforcement/military/civilian service dog tools

As often as possible, we do this by trying to turn what we want them to do into a game – they

do not understand the purpose behind the act. All they know is if they do it right, they get to

play, receive a reward, or their handler (“Dad”) is pleased.

Adaptive Patterns of Behavior

Investigative Behavior: The dog that possesses a high degree of this behavior is very

inquisitive and has a desire to examine objects very closely.

Other characteristics of investigative behavior include:

1) Walking or running with his nose to the ground sniffing2) Head in the air sniffing, maybe running from side to side3) Sniffing anal glands and / or genital regions4) Sniffing nose or face of another dog5) Head raised, ears erect (listening and looking)6) Nosing and sniffing urine or feces7) Crawling forward, moving head side to side, sniffing

Allelomimetic (Mimicking) Behavior: Dogs have a tendency to do what other dogs are doing. This

behavior tends to be stronger in growing puppies. As a dog matures investigative behaviors tend to override their desire to mimic other dogs.

This behavior is helpful at times in bringing out lesser behaviors in other dogs. (example: Some dogs become more aggressive while watching other dogs during a line agitation session.)

Epimeletic (Caring for Young) Behavior:This behavior is evident in both male and female dogs, it relates to

their wolf ancestry, in that they would bury food for the family or dig a burrow to lie in.

Use of their feet to bury things and make a comfortable place to lay can be developed into an alert for contraband or hidden suspects.

Et-Eplimemetic (Attention Seeking) Behavior:Is also prominently developed and prolonged from infancy. It is through this behavior that you are able to develop and establish

a close bond and relationship with your dog.

Signs of this behavior include:1) Whining2) Yelping3) Howling4) Tail Wagging5) Licking face and hands of persons6) Touching with paws

Eliminative Behavior:This is connected to territoriality, a dog defecates and urinates in

places where other dogs have to “mark” the area as their own.

Conflict or Agnostic Behavior:Dogs learn to fight from the time that they are puppies. There is a tendency to develop dominance or become submissive.

Subordinate Behavior:A dog will roll over and sometimes urinate as you are approaching

or about to give a correction. This is one of his submissive signals to signal that you have won the conflict.

Ingestive Behavior:Dogs eat fast and can go long periods of time without food. This

relates back to the wolf in the way that food would be consumed quickly, before other predators could come around to challenge them.

Miscellaneous Behavior:A dog usually twitches while asleep, stretches when he gets up, and

at times rolls over when he wants to play. These are a few examples of miscellaneous behaviors.

U.S. Customs Dog Program Manual

K9 Complete CareA Manual For Physically And Mentally Healthy Working Dogs

By: Resi Gerritsen and Ruud Haak

Scent and The Scenting DogBy: William Syrotuck

Internet Researchwww.dogpile.com www.vetnet.com

References and Further Reading