Civil War Review

What is the Compromise of 1820?

Compromise of 1820

• Dealt with settling the Louisiana Territory.

• Maine was admitted as a free state and Missouri was admitted as a slave state.

• The dividing line was 36 30’ north latitude. South of the line, slavery was legal. North of the line, except Missouri, slavery was banned.

What is the Underground Railroad?

Underground Railroad

• Was a secret network of people who would, at great risk, hide fugitive slaves.

• Escape routes were known as the underground railroad.

• People would provide food, shelter, clothing, and direct them to their next stop.

What was The Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Law passed in 1854 creating the Kansas and Nebraska territories but leaving the question of slavery open to residents.

• Popular sovereignty

• This repealed the Missouri Compromise

What was “Bleeding Kansas”?

“Bleeding Kansas”

• This was a term that was used to describe violence between pro and antislavery forces in Kansas Territory after the passage of the Kansas- Nebraska Act in 1854.

• Remember popular sovereignty?

Who was Dred Scott?

Why is Dred Scott important?

Dred Scott

• Dred Scott was a slave who was taken by his master into Illinois and Wisconsin.

• He married and had two daughters in free territories.

• He then returned to Missouri where he had to sue for his freedom.

Dred Scott Decision

The United States Supreme Court decided 7–2 against Scott, finding that neither he nor any other person of African ancestry could claim citizenship in the United States, and therefore Scott could not bring suit in federal court under citizenship rules.

What is the Compromise of 1850?

Compromise of 1850

• The four-step compromise.• Admitted California as a free state• Allowed the residents of the New Mexico and

Utah territories to decide the slavery issue themselves.

• Ended the slave trade in D.C.• Passed a new fugitive slave law.

Why was Abraham Lincoln’s election important?

Lincoln’s Election

• Lincoln’s victory convinced Southerners that they had lost their political voice in the government.

• South Carolina led the way seceding in December of 1860.

• Soon, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Alabama, and Texas seceded as well.

• Who was the President of the Confederacy?

Jefferson Davis

• Why was Fort Sumter important?

Fort Sumter

• Lincoln said he would maintain properties in Union possession.

• He acted to supply the Fort with provisions( food).

• Jefferson Davis ordered General Beauregard to attack the fort if they did not surrender.

Why were the Border states important?

Border States

• Lincoln calls for militia's after Fort Sumter is attacked.

• This forces states to choose sides and pledge allegiances.

• Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland, and Missouri stay in the Union even though they have slavery.

What is Habeas Corpus?

Habeas Corpus

• is a legal action which requires a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court. This ensures that a prisoner can be released from unlawful detention that is, detention lacking sufficient cause or evidence.

• The remedy can be sought by the prisoner or by another person coming to the prisoner's aid.

What was the Battle of Bull Run?

Battle of Bull Run

• Spectators came to watch from Washington D.C., thought this would be an easy battle.

• Battle raged back and forth. The North seemed to have the upper hand.

• Confederate reinforcements proved the difference and helped win this first battle.

Did the Federal Government expand during Abraham Lincoln’s Presidency.

Expanding Government

• Legal Tender Act- created a national currency

• National Bank Act- forces state banks to apply for federal charters and prohibits issuing their own notes.

• Morrill Tariff Act- act raised tariffs to more than double their prewar rate.

Expanding Federal Government

• Homestead Act- law passed by Congress providing Homesteads with 160 acres of free land in exchange for improving the land.

• Morrill Land Grant Act- law passed by congress awarding proceeds from the sale of public lands to the states to establish agricultural and engineering colleges.

Does the Federal government expand during times of war?

Always!!!!!

What was the bloodiest single day Battle in American history?

Antietam

• Casualties were more than 23,000

• McClellan refused to pursue Lee into Virginia and attempt to end the war.

• Lincoln removed him from command.

What battle can be considered a turning point in the Civil War?

Gettysburg

Fought on July 1-3, 1863.

Roughly 23-26,000 men were killed on the Confederate side.

Roughly 23,000 men were killed on the Union side.

What was the name of one of the first all black regiment of infantry soldiers in the United States?

The Massachusetts 54th

The regiment was one of the first official black units in the United States during the Civil War. They were recruited from freed slaves.

Why was this important?

Remember they were involved in the assault on Fort Wagner.

What was the Emancipation Proclamation and why was it important?

Emancipation Proclamation

• Announced by President Lincoln in September 1862 and formally issued on January 1, 1863.

• Freeing Slaves in all confederate states still in rebellion.

• Did it end slavery? Why did he do it?

What did the 13th Amendment do?

13th Amendment

• Constitutional amendment that freed all slaves throughout the United States.

• The southern states that were in rebellion could not vote on the issue.

Roughly how many people died during the Civil War?

Civil War Deaths

About 620,000 people die fighting the Civil War!!!!

What was Sherman’s march?

Sherman’s March

• Sherman set out to march 285 miles from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia.

• They destroyed everything in their path, living off the land the whole way.

• Seize, burn and destroy everything!!!!

Where did the surrender by the Confederacy take place?

Appomattox Court House, Virginia

• Lee surrendered to Grant at the McLean house in Appomattox Court House, Virginia.

• Soldiers got parole, rations, and were allowed to keep their weapons.

• Surrender took place on April 9, 1865