Civil War Civil War Effects on Role and Power of USGEffects on Role and Power of USG

Federal power wins – defeat for Federal power wins – defeat for states rights in short-term.states rights in short-term.

Expansion of presidential powerExpansion of presidential power Lincoln and ConstitutionLincoln and Constitution Commander-in-ChiefCommander-in-Chief

Expansion of congressional Expansion of congressional powerpower Congressional ReconstructionCongressional Reconstruction

AmendmentsAmendments Federal programs in and military Federal programs in and military

occupation of Southoccupation of South

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Civil War Civil War Effects on Role and Power of USGEffects on Role and Power of USG

End of Reconstruction: End of Reconstruction: States Rights!States Rights! 1876 election1876 election Autonomy for SouthAutonomy for South

Jim Crow segregationJim Crow segregation Focus turns to Focus turns to

economic expansioneconomic expansion Government is pro-big Government is pro-big

businessbusiness SubsidiesSubsidies TariffsTariffs Anti-LaborAnti-Labor

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Late 1800sLate 1800s

Government is still Government is still smallsmall

Government is pro-big Government is pro-big businessbusiness Partly economic policy; Partly economic policy;

partly election politicspartly election politics Increasing problems Increasing problems

and inequities from and inequities from industrializationindustrialization

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““Government of the people, Government of the people, by the people, for the by the people, for the

people…”people…”- - Abraham Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address

From Progressivism to the From Progressivism to the Warren CourtWarren Court

ProgressivismProgressivism People control the governmentPeople control the government Economic opportunities for allEconomic opportunities for all Correct injustices in societyCorrect injustices in society

Response to the problems of the Gilded Age:Response to the problems of the Gilded Age: MonopoliesMonopolies Exploitation of laborExploitation of labor Government helping big business, not the peopleGovernment helping big business, not the people Unsafe living and working conditionsUnsafe living and working conditions Rapid urbanizationRapid urbanization Exploitation of natural resourcesExploitation of natural resources Political machines and corruption (Tammany Hall/Boss Political machines and corruption (Tammany Hall/Boss

Tweed)Tweed)

CausesCauses

MuckrakersMuckrakers Upton Sinclair, Jacob RiisUpton Sinclair, Jacob Riis

PoliticiansPoliticians Robert LaFolletteRobert LaFollette Teddy RooseveltTeddy Roosevelt Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson

ActivistsActivists Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady StantonSusan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton Jane Addams, Florence Kelly Jane Addams, Florence Kelly John Muir, Gifford PinchotJohn Muir, Gifford Pinchot

ResultsResults Labor reformLabor reform Anti-Trust legislationAnti-Trust legislation Regulation of railroadRegulation of railroad Pure Food and Drug ActPure Food and Drug Act Women’s suffrageWomen’s suffrage Direct election of U.S. SenatorsDirect election of U.S. Senators Graduated income taxGraduated income tax Federal Reserve SystemFederal Reserve System Federal Trade CommissionFederal Trade Commission ProhibitionProhibition National parks and National National parks and National

Forest ServiceForest Service Initiative, referendum, recallInitiative, referendum, recall Ended by WWIEnded by WWI

Laissez Faire GovernmentLaissez Faire Government

1920s – “Return to Normalcy”1920s – “Return to Normalcy” Reaction to Progressivism and WW IReaction to Progressivism and WW I High TariffsHigh Tariffs Limits on ImmigrationLimits on Immigration

The New DealThe New Deal President Franklin Delano President Franklin Delano

Roosevelt’s program in response to Roosevelt’s program in response to the Great Depressionthe Great Depression

1933-19381933-1938

Goals:Goals: Slow and reverse economic Slow and reverse economic

collapsecollapse Restore faith in stock market and Restore faith in stock market and

bankingbanking Create jobsCreate jobs Provide a social safety net for the Provide a social safety net for the

poor, elderly, sickpoor, elderly, sick Stabilize the farming industryStabilize the farming industry

FDR and the New Deal ProgramsFDR and the New Deal Programs

Fireside Chats and the New Deal CoalitionFireside Chats and the New Deal Coalition Glass-Steagall Banking Act of 1933Glass-Steagall Banking Act of 1933 FDICFDIC Federal Securities ActFederal Securities Act SECSEC Agricultural Adjustment ActAgricultural Adjustment Act Civilian Conservation CorpsCivilian Conservation Corps National Industrial Recovery ActNational Industrial Recovery Act TVATVA Works Progress AdministrationWorks Progress Administration Wagner ActWagner Act Social Security ActSocial Security Act

Results of the New DealResults of the New Deal The slide slows and stops, but the Depression The slide slows and stops, but the Depression

does not end until WWII!does not end until WWII! Federal government aggressively intervenes to Federal government aggressively intervenes to

address crisis, dramatically expands size and address crisis, dramatically expands size and scope of federal government.scope of federal government.

Federal government supports rights of labor.Federal government supports rights of labor. Federal social safety net created – blend of Federal social safety net created – blend of

socialism and market economy. socialism and market economy. FDR elected to unprecedented third term – and FDR elected to unprecedented third term – and

will be elected for a fourth time, during WWII.will be elected for a fourth time, during WWII.

The Warren CourtThe Warren Court

A liberal, “activist” court under the A liberal, “activist” court under the leadership of Chief Justice Earl leadership of Chief Justice Earl Warren.Warren.

Expanded the protection of individual Expanded the protection of individual rights under the Constitution.rights under the Constitution.

The Warren CourtThe Warren Court Brown V, Board of Education, Topeka Kansas - Brown V, Board of Education, Topeka Kansas -

1954 - Civil Rights1954 - Civil Rights Warren claimed that "in the eyes of the law, justice Warren claimed that "in the eyes of the law, justice

was color-blind." was color-blind." Separate was found to be inherently unequal. Separate was found to be inherently unequal. In ruling in favor of Brown the court ordered the In ruling in favor of Brown the court ordered the

integration of America "with all deliberate speed." integration of America "with all deliberate speed."    Mapp v Ohio - 1961 - Search and SeizureMapp v Ohio - 1961 - Search and Seizure Evidence obtained in the search was inadmissable Evidence obtained in the search was inadmissable

because it was seized in an illegal search. because it was seized in an illegal search. The court created the "exclusionary rule" which makes The court created the "exclusionary rule" which makes

illegally obtained evidence inadmissable in court. This illegally obtained evidence inadmissable in court. This ruling upheld the principles of the fourth amendment.ruling upheld the principles of the fourth amendment.

The Warren CourtThe Warren Court Gideon v. Wainright - 1963 - Right To CounselGideon v. Wainright - 1963 - Right To Counsel All citizens must be provided a lawyer if they cannot All citizens must be provided a lawyer if they cannot

afford one. This is regardless of the type of crime.afford one. This is regardless of the type of crime.

Escobedo v Illinois - 1964 - Right To CounselEscobedo v Illinois - 1964 - Right To Counsel Extended the "exclusionary rule" to illegal confessions. Extended the "exclusionary rule" to illegal confessions. Also defined the "Escobedo Rule" which holds that Also defined the "Escobedo Rule" which holds that

individuals have the right to an attorney when an individuals have the right to an attorney when an "investigation is no longer a general inquiry...but has "investigation is no longer a general inquiry...but has begun to focus on a particular suspect..." begun to focus on a particular suspect..."

The ruling went on to detail that “(Where) the suspect The ruling went on to detail that “(Where) the suspect has been taken into custody...the suspect has has been taken into custody...the suspect has requested...his lawyer, and the police have not...warned requested...his lawyer, and the police have not...warned him of his right to remain silent, the accused has been him of his right to remain silent, the accused has been denied...counsel in violation of the Sixth Amendment." denied...counsel in violation of the Sixth Amendment."

The Warren CourtThe Warren Court Miranda v Arizona - 1966 - Rights of the AccusedMiranda v Arizona - 1966 - Rights of the Accused Ruled that citizens must be informed of their rights prior to Ruled that citizens must be informed of their rights prior to

questioning. Any evidence or statement obtained prior to a questioning. Any evidence or statement obtained prior to a suspect being read his/her rights is inadmissable. suspect being read his/her rights is inadmissable.

Led to what is commonly referred to as one's "Miranda Rights" Led to what is commonly referred to as one's "Miranda Rights" having to be read upon questioning or arrest. They are: "You have having to be read upon questioning or arrest. They are: "You have the right to remain silent, anything you say can, and will be used the right to remain silent, anything you say can, and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you cannot afford one, one will be appointed for you."you cannot afford one, one will be appointed for you."

Engle v Vitale - 1962 - Separation of Church and StateEngle v Vitale - 1962 - Separation of Church and State In the late 1950's the New York State Board of Regents wrote and In the late 1950's the New York State Board of Regents wrote and

adopted a prayer which was supposed to be nondenominational. adopted a prayer which was supposed to be nondenominational. The board recommended that the prayer be said by students in The board recommended that the prayer be said by students in public schools on a voluntary basis every morning. public schools on a voluntary basis every morning.

The court ruled against the school district and upheld the The court ruled against the school district and upheld the establishment clause of the first amendment. Prayer in schools establishment clause of the first amendment. Prayer in schools was to be considered unconstitutional.was to be considered unconstitutional.

The Warren CourtThe Warren Court Tinker v Des Moines - 1969 - Symbolic SpeechTinker v Des Moines - 1969 - Symbolic Speech Several students and parents in Des Moines organized a Several students and parents in Des Moines organized a

protest of the Vietnam war. Students were to wear black arm protest of the Vietnam war. Students were to wear black arm bands to school in protest. When the school found out they bands to school in protest. When the school found out they warned all the students and parents that anyone wearing the warned all the students and parents that anyone wearing the armbands would be would be suspended. The Tinker children armbands would be would be suspended. The Tinker children wore their armbands to school (they were the only ones of wore their armbands to school (they were the only ones of the group to do so) and were suspended. the group to do so) and were suspended.

Mr. and Mrs. Tinker filed suit claiming that the school violated Mr. and Mrs. Tinker filed suit claiming that the school violated the children's right to freedom of speech and expression. The the children's right to freedom of speech and expression. The school claimed that the armbands were disruptive. school claimed that the armbands were disruptive.

The court ruled against the school district saying that The court ruled against the school district saying that "students do not shed their constitutional rights at the school "students do not shed their constitutional rights at the school house gates. In doing so the court protected what has come house gates. In doing so the court protected what has come to be known as "symbolic speech.“to be known as "symbolic speech.“

Warren Court information adapted from: http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/Lesson_106_Notes.htmWarren Court information adapted from: http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/Lesson_106_Notes.htm

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