CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS

A Selected Bibliography

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Front cover, designed by Mrs. Roberta M. Hill, Visual Information Division, U.S. Army War College includes a DoD photo by Staff Sgt. Brian Cumper, U.S. Army.

PREFACE

This bibliography of books, documents, and periodical articles supports the Civil-Military Relations special theme of the U.S. Army War College's curriculum.

Divided into two main parts, the first group of entries focuses on the principle of civilian control over the military in the United States. The second covers civil-military relations in coun- tries other than the United States. To keep the compilation manageable, materials about specific civil-military operations have been omitted. Most of the items have publication dates of 1990 to the present, however a few older titles which appear to be of permanent importance are also listed.

All the items included in this bibliography are readily available in the U.S. Army War College Library. For your convenience, we have added our call numbers at the end of each entry. Please keep in mind that call numbers may vary from library to library. This bibliography is also available on the Internet through our Library's home page (http://carhsle-www.army.mil/library/).

For additional information, please contact the Research and Information Services Branch, U.S. Army War College Library by sending an e-mail message to libraryr@awc.carlisle.army.mil, or by phoning DSN 242-4280 or Commercial (717) 245-4280.

Virginia C. Shope, compiler

CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS

A Selected Bibliography

CONTENTS

CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS—UNITED STATES

Books and Documents 1

Periodical Articles 4

CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS—COUNTRIES OTHER THAN THE UNITED STATES

Books and Documents 7

Periodical Articles 9

OTHER BIBLIOGRAPHIES 15

in

CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS—UNITED STATES

Books and Documents

Avant, Deborah D. "Civil-Military Relations in the United States and Britain." In Political Institutions and Military Change: Lessons from Peripheral Wars. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994. 161pp. (JF195 .C5A93 1994)

Davis, Charles E. Democracy and the Military: Are Civil-Military Relations Deteriorating? Strategy Research Project. Carlisle Barracks: U.S. Army War College, 25 February 1998. 28pp. (AD-A339-174)

Desch, Michael C, and Sharon K. Weiner, eds. Colin Powell as JCS [Joint Chiefs of Staff] Chairman: A Panel Discussion on American Civil-Military Relations. Project on U.S. Post Cold-War Civil-Military Relations Working Paper No. 1. Cambridge: Harvard University, John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, December 1995. 42pp. (JK330 .W56 no.l)

Edmonds, Martin. Armed Services and Society. Boulder: Westview Press, 1990. 226pp. (U21.5 .E35 1990)

Feaver, Peter D. Guarding the Guardians: Civilian Control of Nuclear Weapons in the United States. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992. 261pp. (UA23 .F32 1992)

Fiore, Uldric L., Jr. The Road Not Taken: Defense Secretariat Reform. Strategy Research Project. Carlisle Barracks: U.S. Army War College, 22 April 1998. 34pp. (AD-A344-369)

Flint, Roy K. "The Truman-MacArthur Conflict: Dilemmas of Civil-Military Relations in the Nuclear Age." In The United States Military under the Constitution of the United States. 1789- 1989. ed. Richard H. Kohn. New York: New York University Press, 1991. 449pp. (KF7209 .U55 1991)

Franke, Volker C. Learning Peace: Attitudes of Future Officers toward the Security Requirements of the Post-Cold War World. Project on U.S. Post Cold-War Civil-Military Relations Working Paper No. 9. Cambridge: Harvard University, John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, January 1997. 53pp. (JK330 .W56 no.9)

Gibson, Christopher P., and Don M. Snider. Explaining Post-Cold War Civil-Militarv Relations: A New Institutionalist Approach. Project on U.S. Post Cold-War Civil-Military Relations Working Paper No. 8. Cambridge: Harvard University, John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, January 1997. 55pp. (JK330 .W56 no.8)

Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986. Statutes at Large 100 (1986). (K.A3v.l00pt.l)

Gregor, William J. Toward a Revolution in Civil-Military Affairs: Understanding the United States Military in the Post Cold War World. Project on U.S. Post Cold-War Civil-Military Relations Working Paper No. 6. Cambridge: Harvard University, John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, August 1996. 60pp. (JK330 .W56 no.6)

Hahn, Robert F., II. Politics for Warriors: The Political Education of Professional Military Officers. Project on U.S. Post Cold-War Civil-Military Relations Working Paper No. 12. Cambridge: Harvard University, John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, June 1997. 67pp. (JK330.W56no.12)

Hendrickson, David C. Reforming Defense: The State of American Civil-Military Relations. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988. 152pp. (UA23 .H378 1988)

Huntington, Samuel P. "Civil-Military Relations." In Encyclopedia of the American Constitution. Vol. 1,271-73. New York: Macmillan, 1986. (REFKF4548 .E53 1986 v.l)

Huntington, Samuel P. The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1957. 534pp. (JK558 .H8)

Hyman, Harold M. "Ulysses Grant I, Emperor of America? Some Civil-Military Continuities and Strains of the Civil War and Reconstruction." In The United States Military under the Consti- tution of the United States. 1789-1989. ed. Richard H. Kohn. New York: New York Univer- sity Press, 1991. 449pp. (KF7209 .U55 1991)

Janowitz, Morris. The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait. New York: Free Press, 1971. 464pp. (UB147.J31 1971)

Johnson, David E. Wielding the Terrible Swift Sword: The American Military Paradigm and Civil-Militarv Relations. Project on U.S. Post Cold-War Civil-Military Relations Working Paper No. 7. Cambridge: Harvard University, John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, December 1996. 72pp. (JK330 .W56 no.7)

Knightly, William S. Military Ascendancy, Civilian Disinterest: Contemporary Civil-Military Relations in America. Fort Leavenworth: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, School of Advanced Military Studies, 1995. 65pp. (U415 .A42 95 K53)

Kohn, Richard H. "The Constitution and the U.S. Army: National Security and the Intent of the Framers." In The Constitution and the U.S. Army. Carlisle Barracks: U.S. Army War College, and U.S. Army Military History Institute, 1988. 110pp. (UA25 .C66 1988)

Korb, Lawrence J. The Military and Social Change. Project on U.S. Post Cold-War Civil-Military Relations Working Paper No. 5. Cambridge: Harvard University, John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, August 1996. 43pp. (JK330 .W56 no.5)

McMaster, H.R. Dereliction of Duty: Lyndon Johnson. Robert McNamara. the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Lies That Led to Vietnam. New York: HarperCollins, 1997. 446pp. (DS558 .M43 1997)

Makk,Laszlo. The Level and Structure of Power Delegated to High-Ranking Military Officials in a Democracy: A Case Study of the United States. Thesis. Monterey: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, December 1997. 103pp. (V425 .U5 TH M16)

Matthews, Lloyd J. The Political-Military Rivalry for Operational Control in U.S. Military Actions: A Soldier's Perspective. Carlisle Barracks: U.S. Army War College, Strategic Stud- ies Institute, 22 June 1998. 43pp. (U413 A66M28 1998)

Meyer, Mark P. The National Guard Citizen-Soldier: The Linkage between Responsible National Security Policy and the Will of the People. Maxwell Paper No. 6. Maxwell Air Force Base: U.S. Air University, Air War College, November 1996. 32pp. (UG635.31 .M29no.6)

Mills, C. Wright. The Power Elite. New York: Oxford University Press, 1956. 423pp. (El 69.1 .M64)

Moskos, Charles C, and James Burk. "The Postmodern Military." In The Adaptive Military: Armed Forces in a Turbulent World, ed. James Burk. 2nd ed. New Brunswick: Transaction, 1998. 227pp. See especially pp.175-80: "Consequences for Civil-Military Relations." (UAH A33 1998)

Palmer, Dave R. "The Constitution and the U.S. Army: The Commander in Chief." In The Constitution and the U.S. Army. Carlisle Barracks: U.S. Army War College, and U.S. Army Military History Institute, 1988. 110pp. (UA25 .C66 1988)

Pedersen, Daniel T. Civil-Military Relations and the Operational Leader. Newport: U.S. Naval War College, 6 March 1996. 17pp. (V420 .P44 1996)

Pogue, Forrest C. "George C. Marshall on Civil-Military Relationships in the United States." In The United States Military under the Constitution of the United States. 1789-1989. ed. Richard RKohn. New York: New York University Press, 1991. 449pp. (KF7209 .U55 1991)

Previdi, Robert. Civilian Control versus Military Rule. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1988. 188pp. (JK558 .P75 1988)

Ricks, Thomas E. Making the Corps. New York: Scribner, 1997. 320pp. (VE23 .R5 1997) Author suggests there is a gap between military culture and society in America.

Snider, Don M., and Miranda A. Carlton-Carew, eds. U.S. Civil-Militarv Relations: In Crisis or Transition? Washington: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1995. 224pp. (JK330 .U73 1995)

Tart, Randal G. Civil-Military Relations and Gen Maxwell Taylor: Getting It Right and Getting It Wrong! Strategy Research Project. Carlisle Barracks: U.S. Army War College, 7 April 1997. 31pp. (AD-A326-488)

Wise, Sydney F. "The Constitution and the U.S. Army: The Antecedents to the Military Clauses in the U.S. Constitution." In The Constitution and the U.S. Army. Carlisle Barracks: U.S. Army War College, and U.S. Army Military History Institute, 1988. 110pp. (UA25 .C66 1988)

Periodical Articles

Avant, Deborah D. "Are the Reluctant Warriors Out of Control? Why the U.S. Military Is Adverse to Responding to Post-Cold War Low-Level Threats." Security Studies 6 (Winter 1996-97): 51-90.

Avant, Deborah D. "Conflicting Indicators of Crisis' in American Civil-Military Relations." Armed Forces & Society 24 (Spring 1998): 375-88.

Bacevich, Andrew J. "Absent History: A Comment on [Cori] Dauber, [Michael] Desch, and [Peter] Feaver." Armed Forces & Society 24 (Spring 1998): 447-54.

Bacevich, Andrew J. "Civilian Control: A Useful Fiction?" Joint Force Quarterly, no. 6 (Autumn/ Winter 1994-95): 76-79.

Brown, John P. "Obligations of the Citizen-Soldier." Proceedings: U.S. Naval Institute 124 (July 1998): 50-51.

Burk, James. "The Logic of Crisis and Civil-Military Relations Theory: A Comment on [Michael] Desch, [Peter] Feaver, and [Cori] Dauber." Armed Forces & Society 24 (Spring 1998): 455- 62.

Cohen, Eliot A. "Civil-Military Relations." Orbis 41 (Spring 1997): 177-86.

Cohen, Eliot A. "A War That Was Not Left to the Generals." Joint Force Quarterly, no. 8 (Sum- mer 1995): 46-49.

World War II.

Dauber, Cori. "The Practice of Argument: Reading the Condition of Civil-Military Relations." Armed Forces & Society 24 (Spring 1998): 435-46.

Dawson, Joseph G., III. "American Civil-Military Relations and Military Government: The Service of Colonel Alexander Doniphan in the Mexican War." Armed Forces & Society 22 (Summer 1996): 555-72.

Desch, Michael C. "Soldiers, States, and Structures: The End of the Cold War and Weakening U.S. Civilian Control." Armed Forces & Society 24 (Spring 1998): 389-406.

Dunlap, Charles J., Jr. "Melancholy Reunion: A Report from the Future on the Collapse of Civil- Military Relations in the United States." Airpower Journal 10 (Winter 1996): 93-109.

Dunlap, Charles J., Jr. "The Origins of the American Military Coup of 2012." Parameters 22 (Winter 1992-93): 2-20.

Estes, Kenneth W. "America and Her Military." Marine Corps Gazette 82 (February 1998): 25-26.

Author takes exception with several points in Thomas Ricks' book, Making the Corps.

Feaver, Peter D. "The Civil-Military Problematique: [Samuel] Huntington, [Morris] Janowitz, and the Question of Civilian Control." Armed Forces & Society 23 (Winter 1996): 149-78.

Feaver, Peter D. "Crisis as Shirking: An Agency Theory Explanation of the Souring of American Civil-Military Relations." Armed Forces & Society 24 (Spring 1998): 407-34.

Flynn, George J. "Understanding the Gap." Marine Corps Gazette 82 (September 1998): 20-24. Discusses gaps between the American military and civilian society.

Foster, Gregory D. "America's Military in Crisis." Government Executive 29 (August 1997): 61- 62.

Foster, Gregory D. "Confronting the Crisis in Civil-Military Relations." Washington Quarterly 20 (Autumn 1997): 15-33.

Foster, Gregory D. "Failed Expectations: The Crisis of Civil-Military Relations in America." Brookings Review 15 (Fall 1997): 46-48.

Hiel, Timothy J. "A Historical Perspective on Military Isolation." Marine Corps Gazette 82 (September 1998): 24-26.

Hoffman, Frank G. '"Decisive Force': A New American Way of War?" Strategic Review 23 (Winter 1995): 23-34.

Hoffman, Jon. '"Truth without Fear."' Proceedings: U.S. Naval Institute 121 (May 1995): 57-63.

Hoffman, Richard J. "The Executive Program on Civil-Military Relations, a New Program by the Center for Civil-Military Relations (CCMR)." DISAM Journal 20 (Winter 1997-98): 139-42.

Established at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in 1994.

Holsti, Ole R. "A Widening Gap between the U.S. Military and Civilian Society? Some Evidence, 1976-96." International Security 23 (Winter 1998-99): 5-42.

Johnson, Douglas, and Steven Metz. "Civil-Military Relations in the United States: The State of the Debate." Washington Quarterly 18 (Winter 1995): 197-213.

Kemp, Kenneth W., and Charles Hudlin. "Civil Supremacy over the Military: Its Nature and Limits." Armed Forces & Society 19 (Fall 1992): 7-26.

Kohn, Richard H. "Out of Control: The Crisis in Civil-Military Relations." National Interest, no. 35 (Spring 1994): 3-17.

Locher, James R., III. "Taking Stock of Goldwater-Nichols." Joint Force Quarterly, no. 13 (Autumn 1996): 10-17.

Owens, Mackubin T. "Civilian Control: A National Crisis?" Joint Force Quarterly, no. 6 (Auturnn/Winter 1994-95): 80-83.

Maslowski, Peter. "Army Values and American Values." Military Review 70 (April 1990): 10-23.

Matthews, Lloyd J. "The Army Officer and the First Amendment." Army 48 (January 1998): 25-34.

Matthews, Lloyd J. "The Politician as Operational Commander." Army 46 (March 1996): 29-36.

Matthews, Lloyd J. "The Speech Rights of Air Professionals." Airpower Journal 12 (Fall 1998): 19-30.

Meyer, Mark. "The National Guard Citizen-Soldier: The Link between Responsible National Security and the Will of the People." National Guard 50 (October 1996): 30-33.

Excerpts from author's award winning essay done at the Air War College.

"The Military and American Society: A Clash of Values." Defense Monitor 22, no. 8 (1993): 1-8.

Powell, Colin, et al. "An Exchange on Civil-Military Relations." National Interest no. 36 (Sum- mer 1994): 23-31.

Colin Powell, John Lehman, William Odom, and Samuel Huntington give their reactions to Richard H. Kohn's article in the Spring 1994 issue of National Interest, together with a response from the author.

Ricks, Thomas E. "Is American Military Professionalism Declining?" Proceedings: U.S. Naval Institute 124 (July 1998): 26-29.

Schiff, Rebecca L. "Civil-Military Relations Reconsidered: A Theory of Concordance." Armed Forces & Society 22 (Fall 1995): 7-24.

Skelton,Ike. "The Constitutional Role of Congress: Lessons in Unpreparedness." Military Review 77 (July-August 1997): 93-107.

See especially pp. 106-07: "Civil-Military Relations."

Stoler, Mark A. "US Civil-Military Relations in World War II." Parameters 21 (Autumn 1991V 60-73.

Weigley, Russell F. "The American Military and the Principle of Civilian Control from McClel- land to Powell." Journal of Military History 57 rOctnher 1991V 27-58.

Wells, Richard S. "The Theory of Concordance in Civil/Military Relations: A Commentary." Armed Forces & Society 23 fWinter 1996V 269-75.

A critique of Rebecca L. Schiffs "Civil-Military Relations Reconsidered: A Theory of Concordance" which appeared in the Fall 1995 issue of Armed Forces & Society. See also Schiffs response to Wells in Armed Forces & Society. Winter 1996, pp. 277-83.

Westermann, Edward B. "Contemporary Civil-Military Relations: Is the Republic in Danger?" Airpower Journal 9 fSummer 1995): 74-81.

Williams, John A. "Demobilizing the Post-Modem Military: Implications for Civil-Military Relations." Officer 72 (January 1996): 20.

CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS—COUNTRIES OTHER THAN THE UNITED STATES

Books and Documents

Agiiero, Felipe. Soldiers. Civilians, and Democracy: Post-Franco Spain in Comparative Perspec- tiye. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995. 316pp. (DP272 .A35 1995)

Barnett, Michael N. Confronting the Costs of War: Military Power. State, and Society in Egypt and Israel. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992. 378pp. (UA865 .B37 1992)

Bebler,AntonA.,ed. Civil-Military Relations in Post-Communist States: Central and Eastern Europe in Transition. Westport: Praeger, 1997. 154pp. (DAW1051 .C55 1997)

Bhimaya,KoteraM. Civil-Military Relations: A Comparative Study of India and Pakistan. Santa Monica: Rand Graduate School, March 1997. 217pp. (JQ220 .C58B545 1997)

Blank, Stephen. The OSCE's [Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe! Code of Conduct and Civil-Military Relations in Russia. Camberley: Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, Conflict Studies Research Centre, November 1996. 15pp. (U520 .Rl 1995 B45)

Bullard, Monte R. The Soldier and the Citizen: The Role of the Military in Taiwan's Develop- ment. Armonk: Sharpe, 1997. 223pp. (DS799.816 .B86 1996)

Buiridge, Brian. Defence and Democracy: The Control of the Military. London Defence Studies 44. London: Brassey's for the Centre for Defence Studies, University of London, 1998. 97pp. (Ul .L66 no.44)

Colton, Timothy J., and Thane Gustafson, eds. Soldiers and the Soviet State: Civil-Military Relations from Brezhnev to Gorbachev. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990. 370pp. (DK274.3 .S63 1990)

Copani, Adem. Civil-Militarv Relations in Discord. Camberley: Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, Conflict Studies Research Centre, March 1998. 12pp. (U520 .Rl 1998 C56)

In Albania.

Danopoulos, Constantine P., ed. Civilian Rule in the Developing World: Democracy on the March? Boulder: Westview Press, 1992. 273pp. (JF60 .C548 1992)

Danopoulos, Constantine P., and Daniel Zirker, eds. Civil-Militarv Relations in the Soviet and Yugoslav Successor States. Boulder: Westview Press, 1996. 279pp. (UA770 .C65 1996)

Demarest, Geoffrey B. The Overlap of Military and Police in Latin America. Fort Leavenworth: Foreign Military Studies Office, 1996. 22pp. (U415 .F5D26 1996)

Diamond, Larry J., and Marc F. Plattner, eds. Civil-Militarv Relations and Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. 164pp. (JF195 .C59 1996)

Focuses on developing countries and former Soviet bloc.

Falkenberg, Thomas. Civil-Militarv Relations and Its Problems: Germany and Russia. Thesis. Monterey: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, June 1997. 140pp. (V425 .U5 TH F14)

Gonzalez, Nestor G. Venezuelan Civil-Militarv Relations: Past Present, and Future. Strategy Research Project. Carlisle Barracks: U.S. Army War College, 9 April 1996. 32pp. (AD- A309-097)

Gow, James, and Carole Birch. Security and Democracy: Civil Military Relations in Central and Eastern Europe. London Defence Studies 40. London: Brassey's for the Centre for Defence Studies, University of London, September 1997. 54pp. (Ul L66 no.40)

Kundu, Apurba. Militarism in India: The Armv and Civil Society in Consensus. New York: Tauris Academic Studies, 1998. 230pp. (JQ220 .C58K8 1998)

Laguerre, Michel S. The Military and Society in Haiti. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1993.' 223pp. (F1926 X27 1993)

Lovell, John P., and David E. Albright, eds. To Sheathe the Sword: Civil-Military Relations in the Quest for Democracy. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1997. 230pp. (JF195 .T57 1997)

Nathan, Laurie. "Civil-Military Relations in the New South Africa." In South Africa's Defence and Security into the 21st Century, ed. William GutteriHgp Brookfield, VT: Dartmouth, 1996. 185pp. (UA856 .S669 1996)

National Democratic Institute for International Affairs. Civil-Military Relations in Nicaragua. Washington: National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, June 1995. 1 vol. (UA607 .N5R46 1995)

National Democratic Institute for International Affairs. Towards a New Relationship: The Role of the Military in a Democratic Government. Washington: National Democratic Institute for In- ternational Affairs, 1990. 39pp. (JF195 .C5T58 1990)

Report of an international conference, Montevideo, Uruguay, 21-23 July 1989.

Olarte, Glenn J. Panamanian Politics: The Legacy of Torriiismo and Prospects for Demilitariza- tion. MA. Thesis. Monterey: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. 118pp. (V425 U5 TH 052)

Pinkney, Robert. Right-Wing Military Government. Boston: Twayne, 1990. 179pp. (JF1820 .P56 1990)

Schulz, Donald E., ed. The Role of the Armed Forces in the Americas: Civil-Military Relations for the 21st Century: Conference Report. Carlisle Barracks: U.S. Army War College, Strate- gic Studies Institute, April 1998. 187pp. (U413 A66R65 1998)

Shafqat, Saeed. Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan: From Zufikar Ali Bhutto to Benazir Bhutto. Boulder: Westview Press, 1997. 282pp. (JQ629 A38C587 1997)

Simon, Jeffrey. Central European Civil-Military Relations and NATO fNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization! Expansion. McNair Paper 39. Washington: National Defense University, In- stitute for National Strategic Studies, April 1995. 157pp. (U411.16M12 no.39)

Szayna, Thomas S., and F. Stephen Larrabee. East European Military Reform after the Cold War: Implications for the United States. Santa Monica: Rand, 1995. 49pp. (UA646.8 .S97 1995)

Szemerkenyi, Reka. Central European Civil-Militarv Reforms at Risk. Adelphi Paper 306. New York: Oxford University Press for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1996. 96pp. (U162 .A3 no.306)

Zagorski, Paul W. Democracy vs. National Security: Civil-Militarv Relations in Latin America. Boulder: LynneRienne, 1992. 217pp. (JL1856 .C58Z34 1992)

Periodical Articles

Ackroyd, William S. "Military Professionalism, Education, and Political Behavior in Mexico." Armed Forces & Society 18 (Tall 1991V 81-96.

Arceneaux, Craig. "Democratic Consolidation or Deconsolidation? Military Doctrine and the 1992 Military Unrest in Venezuela." Journal of Political and Military Sociology 24 (Summer 1996): 57-82.

Barany, Zoltan D. "Civil-Military Relations in Communist Systems: Western Models Revisited." Journal of Political and Military Sociology 19 (Summer 1991): 75-99.

Barany, Zoltan D. "Civil-Military Relations on Democratic Footing in Eastern Europe." National Guard Review (Winter 1998): 24-25.

Barkey, Henri J. "Why Military Regimes Fail: The Perils of Transition." Armed Forces & Society 16 (Winter 1990): 169-92.

Author uses Turkey as a case study.

Bebler, Anton. "The Evolution of Civil-Military Relations in Central and Eastern Europe." NATO Review 42 (August 1994): 28-32.

Brana-Shute, Gary. "Suriname: A Military and Its Auxiliaries." Armed Forces & Society 22 (Spring 1996): 469-84.

Burger, Angela S. "Changing Civil-Military Relations in Sri Lanka." Asian Survey 32 (August 1992): 744-56.

Cann, Rebecca, and Constantine Danopoulos. "The Military and Politics in a Theocratic State: Iran as Case Study." Armed Forces & Society 24 (Winter 1997): 269-88.

Caparini, Marina. "The Challenge of Establishing Democratic Civilian Control over the Armed Forces of Central and Eastern Europe." Canadian Defence Quarterly 27 (Winter 1997): 16-24.

Cohen, Stuart A. "The Israel Defense Forces (IDF): From a 'People's Army' to a 'Professional Military'—Causes and Implications." Armed Forces & Society 21 (Winter 1995): 237-54.

Conteh-Morgan, Earl. "The Military and Human Rights in a Post-Cold War Africa." Armed Forces & Society 21 (Fall 1994): 69-87.

Copani, Adem. "The New Dimensions of Albania's Security Posture." NATO Review 44 (March 1996): 24-28.

Dadrian, Vahakn N. "The Role of the Turkish Military in the Destruction of Ottoman Armenians: A Study in Historical Continuities." Journal of Political and Military Sociology 20 (Winter 1992): 257-88.

Dassel, Kurt. "Civilians, Soldiers, and Strife: Domestic Sources of International Aggression." International Security 23 (Summer 1998): 107-40.

10

Davenport, Brian A. "Civil-Military Relations in the Post-Soviet State: 'Loose Coupling' Uncou- pled?" ArrnedjorcesASociety 21 (Winter 1995): 175-94.

Diaconescu, Gheorghe. "A Democratic Force: Democratic Control of the Romanian Armed Forces." NATO's Sixteen Nations 42 ("Defence in Romania" Special Issue 1997): 35-37.

Doxey,John. "A 'Soft Coup' in Turkey." New Leader 80 (\0 March 1997V 12-13.

Eng, Peter. "Thai Democracy: The People Speak." Washington Quarterly 20 rAutumn 1997V 169-89.

Ensalaco, Mark. "Military Prerogatives and the Stalemate of Chilean Civil-Military Relations." Armed Forces & Society 21 (Winter 1995): 255-70.

Epperson, Robert H. "Russian Military Intervention in Politics 1991-96." Journal of Slavic Military Studies 10 (September 1997): 90-108.

Etzioni-Halevy, Eva. "Civil-Military Relations and Democracy: The Case of the Military-Political Elites' Connection in Israel." Armed Forces & Society 22 (Spring 1996): 401-17.

Fields, Frank E., and Jack J. Jensen. "Military Professionalism in Post-Communist Hungary and Poland: An Analysis and Assessment." European Security 7 (Spring 1998): 117-55.

Goldstein, Lyle J. "Russian Civil-Military Relations in the Chechen War, December 1994- February 1995." Journal of Slavic Military Studies 10 (March 1997): 109-27.

Griffiths, Robert J. "Democratisation and Civil-Military Relations in Namibia, South Africa, and Mozambique." Third World Quarterly 17 (September 1996): 473-85.

Griffiths, Robert J. "South African Civil-Military Relations in Transition: Issues and Influences." Armed Forces & Society 21 (Spring 1995): 395-410.

Heper, Metin, and Aylin Güney. "The Military and Democracy in the Third Turkish Republic." Armed Forces & Society 22 fSummer 1996V 619-42.

Herspring, Dale R. "Civil-Military Relations in Post-Communist Eastern Europe: The Potential for Praetorianism." Studies in Comparative Communism 25 (June 1992): 99-122.

Herspring, Dale R. "The Future of the Russian Military." Problems of Post-Communism 44 (March-April 1997): 47-56.

Huby, Alberto A. "Civil-Military Relations and a Democratic Peru." Orbis 38 (Winter 1994): 109-17.

11

Hunter, Wendy. "Negotiating Civil-Military Relations in Post-Authoritarian Argentina and Chile." International Studies Quarterly 42 (June 1998): 295-317.

Huntington, Samuel P. "Reforming Civil-Military Relations." Journal of Democracy 6 (October 1995): 9-17.

Jencks, Harlan W. "Civil-Military Relations in China: Tiananmen and After." Problems of Communism 40 (May-June 1991): 14-29.

Joffe, Ellis. "The PLA [People's Liberation Army] and the Chinese Economy: The Effect of Involvement." Survival 37 (Summer 1995): 24-43.

Kaminski, Antoni, and Agnieszka Gogolewska. "Civilian Control of the Russian Military since 1991." European Security 5 (Winter 1996): 588-603.

Karakatsanis, Neovi. "Do Attitudes Matter? The Military and Democratic Consolidation in Greece." Armed Forces & Society 24 (Winter 1997): 289-313.

Keresztes, Lajos. "The Role for the Hungarian Army in Transformation in the Defence and Security Policy of the Social-Liberal Government." Armv Quarterly & Defence Journal 126 (July 1996): 333-40.

Kipp, Jacob W. "Civil-Military Relations in Central and Eastern Europe." Military Review 72

(December 1992): 27-35.

Kirshin, Yu Ya. "The Army in a Democratic Society and Democracy in the Army." Journal of Slavic Military Studies 6 (March 1993): 3-20.

Kohn, Richard H. "How Democracies Control the Military." Journal of Democracy 8 (October 1997): 140-53.

Kuzio, Taras. "Civil-Military Relations in Ukraine, 1989-1991." Armed Forces & Society 22 (Fall

1995): 25-48.

Lancaster, Carol. "Democratisation in Sub-Saharan Africa." Survival 35 (Autumn 1993): 38-50.

Lepingwell,JohnW.R. "Soviet Civil-Military Relations and the August Coup." World Politics 44

(July 1992): 539-72.

Li, Nan. "Changing Functions of the Party and Political Work System in the PLA [People's ' Liberation Army] and Civil-Military Relations in China." Armed Forces & Society 19 (Spring

1993): 393-409.

Loveman, Brian. "jMisiön Cumplida? Civil Military Relations and the Chilean Political Transi- tion."' Journaj^finteramerican^^ 35"74-

12

McGuinness, Eamonn. "Old Soldiers Never Die." World Today 54 f April 1998V 107-08. Describes civil-military relations in Chile.

Mazrui, Ali A. "The Blood of Experience: The Failed State and Political Collapse in Africa." World Policy Journal 12 (Spring 1995): 28-34.

Messas, Kostas. "Democratization of Military Regimes: Contending Explanations." Journal of Political and Military Sociology 20 fWinter 1992V 243-55.

Michta, Andrew A. "Civil-Military Relations in Poland after 1989: The Outer Limits of Change." Problems of Post-Communism 44 fMarch-April 1997): 57-65.

Millett, Richard L. "An End to Militarism? Democracy and the Armed Forces in Central Amer- ica." Current History 94 ^February 1995V 71-75.

Mills, Greg. "Armed Forces in Post-Apartheid South Africa." Survival 35 f Autumn 1993V 78-96.

Nichols, Thomas M. '"An Electoral Mutiny?' Zhirinovsky and the Russian Armed Forces." Armed Forces & Society 21 (Spring 1995): 327-47.

Norden, Deborah L. "Redefining Political-Military Relations in Latin America: Issues of the New Democratic Era." Armed Forces & Society 22 TSpring 1996V 419-40.

Paltiel, Jeremy T. "PLA [People's Liberation Army] Allegiance on Parade: Civil-Military Rela- tions in Transition." China Quarterly 143 (September 1995V 784-800.

Phillips, William R. "Civil-Military Cooperation: Vital to Peace Implementation in Bosnia." NATO Review 46 (Spring 1998): 22-25.

Rizvi, Hasan-Askari. "Civil-Military Relations in Contemporary Pakistan." Survival 40 (Summer 1998): 96-113.

Ruhl, J. Mark. "Redefining Civil-Military Relations in Honduras." Journal of Interamerican Studies & World Affairs 38 (Spring 1996): 33-66.

Schiff, Rebecca L. "Civil-Military Relations Reconsidered: A Theory of Concordance." Armed Forces & Society 22 (Fall 1995): 7-24.

Includes two case studies of the theory: Israel and India.

Scobell, Andrew. "Politics, Professionalism, and Peacekeeping: An Analysis of the 1987 Military Coup in Fiji." Comparative Politics 26 rjanuary 1994V 187-201.

Serrano, Monica. "The Armed Branch of the State: Civil-Military Relations in Mexico." Journal of Latin American Studies 27 (May 1995): 423-48.

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Shambaugh, David. "The Soldier and the State in China: The Political Work System in the People's Liberation Army." China Quarterly, no. 127 (September 1991): 527-68.

Shamim, Choudhury M. "Civil-Military Relations and the Future of Democracy in Bangladesh." Journal of Political and Military Sociology 22 (Winter 1994): 351-66.

Simpson, Keith. "Frock Coats, Mandarins, and Brass Hats: The Relationship between Politicians, Civil Servants and the Military." RUSI Journal 137 (February 1992): 57-63.

Civil-military relations in the United Kingdom.

Skauge, Tom. "Contraction and Detraction: Non-Equilibrium Studies of Civil-Military Relations." Journal of Peace Research 31 (May 1994): 189-203.

Civil-military relations in Norway since 1952.

Sondrol, Paul C. "The Emerging New Politics of Liberalizing Paraguay: Sustained Civil-Military Control without Democracy." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 34 (Summer 1992): 127-63.

Sondrol, Paul C. "The Paraguayan Military in Transition and the Evolution of Civil-Military Relations." Armed Forces & Society 19 (Fall 1992): 105-22.

Taylor, Brian D. "Russian Civil-Military Relations after the October Uprising." Survival 36 (Spring 1994): 3-29.

Thomas, Timothy L. "The Russian Military and the 1995 Duma Elections: Dissatisfaction Continues to Grow in the Armed Forces." Journal of Slavic Military Studies 9 (September 1996): 519-47.

Umbach, Frank. "The Role and Influence of the Military Establishment in Russia's Foreign and Security Policies in the Yeltsin Era." Journal of Slavic Military Studies 9 (September 1996): 467-500.

Wager, Stephen J., and Donald E. Schulz. "Civil-Military Relations in Mexico: The Zapatista Revolt and Its Implications." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 37 (Spring 1995): 1-42.

Welch, Claude E., Jr. "Civil-Military Agonies in Nigeria: Pains of an Unaccomplished Transi- tion." Armed Forces & Society 21 (Summer 1995): 593-614.

Welch, Claude E., Jr. "Military Disengagement from Politics: Paradigms, Processes, or Random Events." Armed Forces & Society 18 (Spring 1992): 323-42.

Young, Thomas-Durell. "German National Command Structures after Unification: A New German General Staff?" Armed Forces & Society 22 (Spring 1996): 379-417.

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Zagorski, Paul W. "Civil-Military Relations and Argentine Democracy: The Armed Forces under the Menem Government." Armed Forces & Society 20 fSprin^ 1994V 423-37.

Zhong, Yang. "Civil-Military Relations in Changing Communist Societies: A Comparative Study of China and the Soviet Union." Studies in Comparative Communism 24 (March 1991)- 77- 102.

Zhong, Yang. "The Transformation of the Soviet Military and the August Coup." Armed Forces & Society 19 (Fall 1992): 47-70.

Zirker, Daniel. "The Civil-Military Mediators in Post-1985 Brazil." Journal of Political and Military Sociology 19 (Summer 1991): 47-73.

OTHER BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Goodman, A. Sue, comp. Civil-Military Relations: Selected References. Special Bibliography No. 305. Maxwell Air Force Base: U.S. Air University Library, July 1993. 55pp. (UG635.3 .U5 SB-305)

Larson, Arthur D., comp. Civil-Military Relations and Militarism. Manhattan: Kansas State University Library, 1971. 113pp. (UA23 Z9L27)

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