civil engineering and architecture instructor: sarah oosterhuis west ada school district, meridian,...
TRANSCRIPT
CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
INSTRUCTOR: SARAH OOSTERHUIS
WEST ADA SCHOOL DISTRICT, MERIDIAN, ID
Architectural Styles
Student Slide Art Deco Arts and Crafts Bungalow
Cape Cod Contemporary
Counter Culture Cubic
ART DECO
ART DECO STYLE• Represented scientific progress, and the
consequent rise of commerce, technology,
and speed.
• It is founded on mathematical geometric
• Most building are big and tall to represent
strength and stability.
• From 1925 to 1940.
• Average skyscraper has 18 floors.Empire State
Building
World Trade Center
ART DECO ELEMENTS & FEATURES• Flat Roofs
• Smooth Walls
• The walls of art deco homes are often made of smooth stucco and have rounded corners.
• Bold Exterior decorations
• Buildings in the style were often decorated with zigzags, swans, lilies and sunrise motifs.
• Experimentation with interior materials.
• Art Deco designers used “new” materials such as glass block, neon, chrome, mirrors and opaque glass panels.
Where Did It All Start?
Chrysler Building
Art Deco was first seen in the 20th century, around 1925-1940. We got the style from the 1925 Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs Industriels et Modernes, held in Paris.
What Makes it Special?
Empire State Building
There was no set number of stories for the Art Deco style of buildings. People could build them as high as they wanted to, and they did, this was the style for the newly rising skyscrapers being built.
Art Deco structures were usually made of stucco, concrete, smooth-faced stone, and Terracotta. Steel and aluminum were often used along with glass blocks and decorative opaque plate glass
What makes it unique?• Art deco architecture features a sleek, linear
appearance with stylized and often geometric ornamentation.
• Examples include the Chrysler Building, the Empire State Building, and the Bullocks Willshire Building.
• Most types of structures that took advantage of this style were commericial, and you can find many examples in Florida, Washington D.C, and New York City
Chrysler Building
Bullocks Willshire Building
Empire State Building
CONTEMPORARY
Era/Stories
• Era: current (present day)
• Stories: generally 2
Materials
• Natural materials: cedar, stone
• Industrial Materials: steel, concrete
Features
Very personalized, but generally classified by:
• Large windows
• Unique forms
• Open floor plans
• Emphasis on comfort
Location
Places such as:
• California
• New York
• Washington D.C.
(Generally big, modern cities)
Style of Present Day (1950-Present)Contemporary homes typically include an irregular or unusually shaped frame, an open floor plan, oversized windows, and the use of "green" and repurposed components (wood mixed with masonry). Such homes also often have an organic design, fitting into the surrounding space and meeting an immediate need in the area. Typically includes 2-3 stories.
Style Line – Mixture of vertical/horizontal
Form – Distinct 3D Look
Rhythm – Sometimes Grated Rhythm
Balance – Informal: Equal in weight
Proportion – Everything is very even
Unity – Perfection
Color – White/ Peaceful
Space – Very Free
ARTS AND
CRAFTS
• Early 19th-century British and American movement to revive handicrafts
ARTS AND CRAFTS
KEY ELEMENTS• Built of natural materials. Craftsman homes are typically built of real wood, stone and brick.
• Built-in furniture and light fixtures. Built-ins were the hallmark feature of the Arts and Crafts era. Built-in cabinets allowed the furnishings to be part of the architecture, ensuring design unity and economic use of space. Even the light fixtures are often part of the design.
• Fireplace. A fireplace was the symbol of family in the Arts and Crafts movement, so most homes feature a dominant fireplace in the living room and a large exterior chimney.
• Porches. Most homes in the Craftsman style have porches with thick square or round columns and stone porch supports.
• Low-pitched roofs. The homes typically have a low roof with wide eaves and triangular brackets.
• Exposed beams. The beams on the porch and inside the house are often exposed.
• Open floor plan. The Arts and Crafts Movement rejected the small, boxy rooms like those in Victorian houses.
ARTS AND CRAFTS
EXAMPLES
BUNGALOW
BUNGALOW STYLE
• Often used to describe any small house built from 1900 to about
• Bungalow style has its roots in native architectural style of Bengal, India. During the late 19th century and the waning days of the British Empire, English officers had small houses built in the "Bangla" style.
BUNGALOW CHARACTERISTICS
• Usually 1 – 1 1/2 stories
• Low-pitched roof, often with broad eaves
• Entry typically opens directly into living room
• Often has a large front porch that creates an outdoor room
• Easy access to outdoor spaces like verandas, porches, and patios
• Open floor plan maximized for efficiency and flow from room to room with minimal space wasted on hallways
• Often small with reliance on built-ins for organization
• Siding varies. Stucco is the siding of choice for many California-style Craftsman bungalows. Western-style are typically more rustic with shingle or lapped siding, and Chicago-style bungalows are frequently brick.
CAPE COD
CAPE COD ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
• originated in New England in the 17th century
• Low, broad frame building
• Generally 1.5 story
• Steep, pitched roof with end gables
• Large central chimney
• Very little ornamentation
COUNTER
CULTURE
Time Period/Purpose
20th Century (1960-70s)
Hippie movement
Structures built to become one with nature.
“Destroy Box-reality”
Buildings/Materials
Geodesic domes
Could have solar panels
Vernacular Building
Typically wood, glass, dirt
Curved lines, represents nature
Match color of nature
1-2 stories
Residential
Counter culture designs gained popularity in the 1960’s and 1970’s with the hippie movement
Most popular in the SouthwestMainly one floorMaterials:
GlassWoodSteelThe domes are made of glass or wood panels with steel frames.
This allows for minimal use of materials for the most efficiency.
Counter Culture Architecture
Lines - CurvedColors - VeryShape - They are literally all dome shapedSpace - Open and uncluttered spaceTexture - Depends on the chosen materialValue - VariesBalance - RadialRhythm - Regular RhythmUnityyyyyyyyyyy
Design Elements/Principles
Characteristic of a Counter Culture
Geodesic domes provide huge, open spaces while providing structural integrity with minimal materials
Many of them incorporate solar panels for maximum energy efficiency
treehugger.com
inhabitat.com
domehome.com
Most of these utilize large windows for natural light and energy efficiency
Due to recent global issues with global warming, need for new forms of energy, etc. These types of domed houses are coming back due to their high efficiency in both space and energy.
Revival
CUBIC
CUBIC STYLE
1995 to current day
Usually Two Stories
First location was in Helmond Netherlands
http://dullneon.com/randomnotes/2011/10/kubuswoningen.html
MATERIALS
Glass
Steel
Wood
Very unique
http://siongchin.com/blog/?p=772
FEATURES
Geometric
Modern
Clean Horizontal lines
Calm peace and relaxation
http://fancycribs.com/22025-house-on-24th-street-by-steven-kent-architect.html
Developed by
Early 20th Century
Residential and Commercial Structures
2 or More Stories
Materials used Glass Steal Wood Concrete
Located in France Germany Netherlands Japan U.S.
Distinctive Features Cube Design Flat Roofs Big Windows
Cubic Style Architecture
Purpose Create Large Simple Structures
Site Location Depends on Type of Cubic Structure
Use of lines Horizontal/Vertical Lines
Form Cubism/Based on Squares
Color Neutral
Texture Smooth
Balance Asymmetrical
Proportion Asymmetrical/Symmetrical
Unity Similar Characteristics
Cubic Style Architecture