civil affairs handbook austria section 12

8/4/2019 Civil Affairs Handbook Austria Section 12

1/85

ARMY SERVICE FORCES MANUAL M360.1CIVIL AFFAIRS HANDBOOK

AUSTRIASECTION 12: COMMUNICATIONS

I - - -- - - - -- P-- - -- -


2/85

ARMY SERVICE FORCES MANUAL M360-1Civil Affair

CIVIL AFFAIRS HANDBOOKAUSTRIA

SECTION 12: COMMUNICATIONS

_ _ _ _ _ ~I ~ _ _ _ _ _


3/85

N . O-

NUMBERING SYSTEM OFARMY SERVICE FORCES MANUALS

The main subject matter of each Army Service Forces Manual isindicated by consecutive numbering within the following categories:

M - M99M100 - M199M200 - M299M300 - M399M400 - M499M500 - M599M600 - M699M700 - M799M800 - M899M900 - up

Basic and Advanced-TrainingArmy Specialized Training Program and Pre-

Induction Training 'Personnel and MoraleCivil AffairsSupply and TransportationFiscalProcurement and ProductionAdministrationM iscellaneousEquipment, M ateriel , Housing and Construc t ion

HEADQUARTERS, ARMY SERVICE FORCES,' Washington 25, D. C. 17 February 1945.


4/85

- iii -

,This study on Austrian Communications

by the

RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS BANCH, OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES


5/85

iv -

INTRODUCTION

Purposes of the Civil Affairs Handbooks

The basic objectives of civil affairs officers are (1) to assistthe'. Commanding General by quickly establishing those orderly con-ditions which will contribute most effectively to the conduct of mili-tary operations'(2) to reduce to a minimum the human suffering and the


6/85

V-

CIVIL AFFAIRS HANDBOOKS

TOPICAL OUTLINE

1. Geographical and Social Background

2. Government and Administration3. Legal Affairs4. Government Finance

5. Money and Banking

6. Natural Resources

7. Agriculture

8. Industry and Commerce


7/85

-vi-

TABLE OF CONTENTS PageSUidMARY ixI. ADMINISTRATION

A. The Generaldirektion 1B. Central Servicing Offices 1C. Local Authorities 2D. Lines of Authority 3E. iscal and Budgetary Matters 4F. Personnel 5

II. TELEPHONE 17A.' Extent and Development 17


8/85

--vii-Page

D. Newspapers 54E. Changes under the Reichspost 55

VI. POSTAL COLLECTION AND DELIVERY 57A. Collection 57B. Delivery 57

VII. POSTAL TRANSPORT 59A. Rail Transport 59B. Motor Transport 59C. Air Transport 59D. Pneumatic Post 60

VIII. POSTAL BANKING SYSTEM 61


9/85

-viii-Page

13. Telephone Traffic in Austria, 1935 4114. Long-distance Cable Telegraph Circuits in Austria,

193615. Length of Telegraph Lines in Austria, 1936 416. Length of Telegraph Lines in Austria, 1936 4817. Telegraph Facilities in Austria, 1935 4918. Telegraph Traffic in Austria, 1935 5019. Letter Post Traffic in Austria', 1935 5520. Money Mail Traffic in Austria, 1935 5621. Parcel Post Traffic in Austria, 1935 5622. Postal Delivery Transportation in Austria, 1935 58

X. CHARTS1. Administrative Hierarchy of the Austrian PTT, 1938 72. Generaldirektion for Austrian PTT 83. Postal and Telegraph Districts in Austria, 1938 9

XI. MAPS1. Telephone Offices in Vienna


10/85

-SUMMARY

Before the Anschiuss the civilian communications organization inAustria was supervised by the Generaldirektion fur die Post- und Telegraph-enverwaltung, a semi-independent bureau under the M inister of Trade andCommunications0 The Generaldirektion consisted of twelve service divisionsand two central offices, and was headed by the Generaldirektor.

Directly subordinate to the Generaldijektion were four central technicalservice offices. Local administration was carried out by postal and telegraphdistricts and their local operating offices. Total PTT employees in 1935numbered 26,373, of which 20,542 ranked as Beamte. After the Anschluss allfunctions of the Generaldirektion were taken over by the Reichspost and linesof authority redirected to Berlin, Local administration remained almostunchanged.

The Austrian telephone system constituted by far the most impor tantpart of th e telecommunication services, ranking second only to the combinedpostal services as a source of income for the PTT. Station equipment waslargely concentrated in the federal


11/85

-x-

The Austrian Post depended upon railways, motor vehicles and airtransport for the major part of postal transportation. However, incertain districts which were not served by these public facilities thePost provided a Kraftpost or motor transport system which carried passengersas well as mail.

The Postal banking system was operated independently of the AustrianPTT but is' included here because it used PTT office facilities a.nd becauseafter the Anschluss it was incorporated into the postal services of theGerman Reichspost. This Postal banking system offered two services:1) postal savings, and 2) postal checking. After German occupation thepostal checking service was separated from the bank and merged with theGerman postal checking system. Only the Postal savings service continuedto be administered by the Osterreichische Postsparkasse (Austrian PostalBank). The latter system was extended throughout Greater Germany butheadquarters were maintained in Vienna.

In 1938, except for the specific changes mentioned above, the Austrianpostal and telecommunications services were taken over intact by the GermanReichspost, Unless otherwise indicated, statistics given are the latestavailable figures for pre--Anschluss Austria. There is an appendix of post-Anschluss statistical tables at the end of this report arranged in the,general order followed by the main body of the text.


12/85

I. ADMINISTRATION (See Char t No. 1.)

A. THE GENERALDIREKTIONBefore the Anchiuss the civilian communications system of Austria

was operated by th e Generaldirektion fi die Post - und Teleeaphenverwala semi-independent bureau under th e M inister of Trade an d Communications.In contrast to the German organization in which th e postal and telecomd-munications services were directed by a separate ministry (the Reichspost-ministerium) and where the director was a cabinet minister, the AustrianGeneraldirektion was only one of several independent offices, councilsand commissions subordinate to the Minister of Trade and Communications,but independent of the Ministry. Its Generaldirektor (Postmaster Oeneral)was a civil servant appointed by and responsible only to the Minister,His own authority within the Generaldirektion was absolute but in politicacircles his stature was decidedly inferior to that of his counterpart inBerlin, the Reichspostinster.

The Generaldirektion was thus a ministry in form and function but not


13/85

-2-

fo r postal equipment, 2) Telegraphenzeugverwaltung for telegraph equipment,3) Postkraftfahrleitung, headquarters for postal rolling stock, and 4)Postkraftwagenwerkstadtte, repair shop for postal vehicles. In 1935 thelast two offices were abolished and all technical affairs of postal vehiclesreorganized into one office, Postkraftzeugvewaltun g. General administra-tive affairs and traffic regulations were turned over to the postal admin-istration sections of the local postal and telegraph districts.

In 1938 all affairs of postal vehicles were again reorganized andcentralized, this time into a separate group forming part of the Generaldirek-tion but apparently responsible directly to the Minister of Trade and Coin-munications. This new group (tsterreichische Kraftpost) has not been in-eluded in Table No . 1 of the general administrative hierarchy because oflack of information concerning its position and because the new group wasin existence only for a few months prior to the Anschluss.

C. LOCAL AUTHORITIS1. Postal and Telegraph Districts

The postal and telegraph district (Post und telegraphendirektion)was the basic uni t of local administration. Although there were only five


14/85

-3-

services only), (5) telephone offices (Fernsprechiimter telephoneservices only), (6) contractual telephone offices (Vertragliche Feix-sprechamter -private telephone offices which had contracts with thePTT to handle telegraph services), and (7) postal agencies (Postablagen),A postal agency usually consisted of one agent, who might be assistedby his wife. These agents were responsible for the handling of postal(and sometimes telegraph and telephone) services in rural localitieswith no post offices. They were not civil servants and are not to beconfused with mail carriers who actually distributed and collected mail.(See Table No. 1 for number and, type of these offices.)

Group 2 consisted of: (1) supply offices for the accounting of(money and') material ((Geld und) 1aterialverrechnungsstellen); and (2)repeater stations (Verstarker.mter. Construction offices were handledby the district rather than by local authorities (see preceding section).

D. LINES OF AUTHORITY

With the exception of the semi-independent radio concessions, theAustrian communications system was highly centralized. The Generald ire ktionwas top heavy with executive duties in addition to its staff functions. Thlocal administrative units- the postal and telegraph districts- were in-


15/85

-4-

Name of PTT districtVienna

Graz

Innsbruck

Klagenfurt

Linz

Austrian areaViennaNiedersterreich

Steiermark

TirolVorarlberg

'Karnten

SalzburgOberbsterreich.

German area

ViennaNiederdonau-

(Niedercsterreichand northern andcentral Burgenland)

Steiermark(except 'Aussee butincluding southernBurgenland)Vorarlberg,northern Tirol

Karnteneastern Tirol

SalzburgOberdonau(Oberbsterreich


16/85

-5-

Postal services 54Telegraph services 02Telephone services 34Postal Transport services 03Postal Savings services 03Radio services 01Others 03

100Postal savings and radio funds were administered independently. Rental

and license fees, however, were included in the general revenues.F. PERSONNEL

1. Civil ServantsBefore the Anschluss, the majority of all employees of the Austrian

PTT were under civil service regulations. The higher-grade employees-weregraduates either of a law school or of a technical university. Lower-gradeemployees had to pass tests before entering upon, and on completion of, the


17/85

-6-

3. Effects of the AnachiussBefore the Anschlusa, virtually all the lwer-grade employeesof the PTT were organized in either social-democratic or christian-

socialist trade unions. Therefore, many of them, particularly thosemost active in union affairs, were dismissed or retired when the Nazisassumed control of the country. Among the higher ranks of PTT employeesth e turnover was much less pronounced, since many of these men had beenthoroughly nazified before the Anschluss.

The total number of PTT employees was increased tremendouslyafter the Anschl.uss. (For a statistical summary of the number of Reichspostemployees in Austria, 31 March 1939, see Table III in appendix.) This in-crease may be explained in part by the following facts:

1) Under the Nazi regime the two radio enterprises which hadpreviously been operated independently were incorporated into the PTT, witha resultant transfer of personnel.2) With the Anschluss, the personnel of the postal banking services,

which had been under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance, was nowtransferred to the PTT.


18/85

-7-w-

Chart No. 1ADMINISTRATIVE HI1ERARCHY OF THE AUSTRIAN PTT

1938


19/85

Chart Jo. 2GZN RALDIRXKfION FOR AUSTRIAN~ PTT

Generaldirektor(for Austrian PTT)

Group I(Section chief)

Div.2

'10fp0+

'10O

Div.3

c'Id0q

Div.

00V0 0C+0

o0

OH)

Group II(Generaldirektoracting as section chief)

Div. JDiv. Div. Div.57 8001+H

1

.40HH)'10O

Uc$-

0

0m

H0oH)H)

'T

01

F'1

mp.

0 H00HJa..-M

00H)

H .'

NP.

00F0

000.

00Ni

'Ti00

.40

H0a0C'.0

Group III(Section chief)Div.9

0H

0Hy0ems0N"~0,

C10

Div.10

0

0

0H0I

Div.11

C' l

p..

O

p1

0 H.0C+

CentralBookrkeepingOff ice

Div.10'1q

M0gl+

CentralccountingOff ice

Div.12H000 0

CH i-cm000000 L'10:'r03m

H 0H O0

{3'


20/85

-9-

Chart No. 3

POSTAL AND T I.iPPH DISTRICTS IN AUSTRIA1938

Administrative Area FunctionsOffices (yVe-wltun sbe-

h rden

Postal District Vienna, Nieder- -Postal administrationVienna osterreich and -BookkeepingBurgenlandTelegraph Dis- Vienna, Nieder- -Telegraph and teleprone adminis-trict Vienna osterreich and tration

Burgenland -Telegraph construction (5'terri-torial sections)

-Telephone construction (7 terri-torialsections: Vienna, 4; /hiederosterreich, 2; Burgenland, 1).-Cable construction-tohrpost (pneumatic mail) construc-

:ion-bookkeeping

Postal and Tele- Steiermark _ -Postal, telegraph and telephonegraph District administration


21/85

-10-Table No. 1

-POSTAL AND TaECOMMNICATIONS OFFICESIN AUSTRIA, 1935

Type of Office No. ofofficesPost and telegraph offices with telephoneservice (Post- und Telegra henamter mitFernsprechdienst) 2,57Post and-telegraph offices without telephone

service (Post- and Telegraphenamter ohneFernsprechdienst) 26Post Offices witjhout telegraph end telephone

service (Postamter ohne Telegraphen- uandFerns rechd ienst 68


22/85

Table No. 2. FINANCIAL STATENMNT, 1935(closing cash account)

Expenditures

1. For personnel:a) in active serviceb) retired on pension or for widows and orphans

receiving pensionsSUBTOTAL 1

2. For material and services:a) general managementb) power current, charge current, coalc) materials for construction and operationd) tools and implementse) maintenance of furniture and office equipmentf) other maintenance for telegraph and telephone equipmentg) maintenance of buildings, machines, and other

operating equipmenth) rolling stock of the posti) liability insurance (Haftpflichtversicherung) for

th e bu s service) indemnity to the Federal Railway for the transport of ak) interest and amortization of the German advance

payment fo r th e long-distance cable1) interest andl amortization of the costs of

investmenis 1924-1934SUBTOTAL 2

Minus contributions of interested personsFinal SUBTOTAL 2

2k. Current investmentsMinus contributions of interested persons

Final SUBTOTAL 2kTOTALS (2 plus 21)

GRAID TOTAL

Schillings (S

107,316,481.2011. ooo0 .63157,30551.83

16,3110,526.96709,098.12

5,590,063.04123,697.15

1,689,564.10487,366.671,101,061.38

219,986.11160,197.87

aill2,005 ,100.00

3,845,217.7727 0055012369,817,779.349251,978.39

598,728.952 ,474.24502,25 .71

227,060,784.93

Revenues Schillings (S)

1. Fees 195,504,131.762. Transport of passengers

and freight on postautobusses 5,237,727.08

e Sales 170,702.54Indemnity from the Postal

Savings Bank 7,500,000.005. Contributions for pensions 2,072,529.716. Refunds for advances on

salaries 455,155.717. Diverse revenues 2.162.678.82TOTAL 213,402,925.62

BALANCE: DEFICIT 1 6 s59.31

GRAND TOTAL 227,060,784.93

(s) equals 100 Gresohen (g). In 1935, it was worth 18,916 cents and was exchanged at a rate of 38


23/85

Tabl No 3.CIVILERVANTS (BEAMTE AND BEA ITENIAWRTER) EMP~LOYED) BY THE AUSTRIAN PTT, 13

F nctions of General-t personnel direction Postal and telegraph districtm& central _____ ____Postal Telegraphnservicing Idistrict district Group Per-offices Graz Innsbruck Klagenfurt Linz Vienna Vienna Totals totals centage

O Male Female M F M F MF M F M F M F M FHigher administrative

service 37 - 27 - 20 -8 - 30 - 64 - 15 - 201 -dienet)Higher clerical service 31 - 19 - 16 - 11 - 214- 5 -86 - 192 - 3914 2.10O (Hoherer technischerDienst)

Higher technicalservice - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1(Hoherer Fachdienst)

Administrative service 37 8 25 1 20 - 8 7 36 3 .55 11 148 11 229 141(Verwaltungsdienst)Accounting. 150 31 36 6 25 1 15 21 6 8611 107141 460 98(Rechnungedienst)Intermediate clericalservice 2 - - - o _ - - - - - - - - 2 - 71486 39.87

' (Mittlerer techniecherDienet)Technical service 58 11 321 271 270 166 1148 111 559 29 0 672 712 325 1073. 3353 26314(Fachtechnischer Dienet)Construction andmaintenance (III) 7 - 41 - 13 - 9 -142- - -557 - 669 -(Ba nratun -dienst)__ ___ - ___________ __ _ __

~/In addition to the civil servantsinto active service at any time. there was a total of 11914They could be advanced in in temporary retirement i.e. those who could be recalled

'Table No . 3.


24/85

Table No. 3 (contd.)

F nctions of General-Spersonnel direction Postal and telegraph district& central _____Postal Telegraphservicing district district Group Per-offices Grs Innsbruck [lagenfurt Linz Vienna Vienna Totals totals centageMale FemaleM M F 7F 7M F M F KM F P

Garage and machineservice (foremen) 5 - 5 - 7 - 3 - 7 -25 - - - 52 -(Gr-ad Masehine-

mesedes)Long-distancetele-phone'service - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 58 - 63(Reiner Ferneprech-vermittlungedienst)Construction and

D maintenancell1 2 - 19 -13 - 10 - 22 - 1 - 04 171 3-4 1.84(Bau ad rhaltuns-dienst II)Pneumatic postservice II - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 - S -

dienst II)Electrical engineering - - 2 - 5 - 2 - 6 - - - 36 - 51 -(Elektromaschinen-dienst)


25/85

Table No . 3. (contd. )

as 'unctions of General--4 ersonnel direction Postal and telegraph district Psa eerpservicing -district district Group Per-

- offices Graz InnsbrtickElagenfurt Linz Vienna Vienna Totals totals centageMale FemaleK 4 14M 7 M47147 14 7 M4 7

Secretarial service ~42 73 21 23 1)4 11 6 9 36 15 65 50 71 5)4 255 235(Kanzleidienst)Specialized office,traffic, or materialdepot service 10 - 132 - 83 2 72 - 185 - 82 - 2)4 - 1388. 2 2183 11.62(Fachlicher Amts-,Verkehrs- andZeugienst

'n Construction andmaintenance I - - 36 - 21 - 15 - )47~ -- 171 - 290 -di enat I)Pneumatic post

.service I - - - - - - - - - - - - 13 - 13 -

dient I


26/85

TIable No. 3. (contd4 )

!unctions of General-personnel direction Postal and telegraph districto- & central Postal Telegraphwservicing district district Group Per-offices Gras Innsbruick Kilagenfurt Linz Vienna Vienna Totals totals centageMale Female M .F F M FM F M F M F M .F

Building supervision 2 - - - - - - - - -- - -2 -(Gebaudeaufseher)Office, traffic, ormaterial depotservice 59 2 .6o4 14 355 1 227, so6 3 3262 14 70 - 53g3 114 5902 30.90~(kAte -. Yekhr-ndZeienstJleaentary constructionand maintenancelllI 1 - 12- 23 - 7 - 23 -- - 337- 1403(Ninfacher Bau- undirhaltungsdienet III)

Certified auxiliaryservices and skilledlabor 15 14 9- 6 - 4 - 2 10- 144 6(Qualifizierter Hilfe-Handerker)

'Elementary constructionand maintenancel I 4 - 18 - 7 -10 - 78 -- -3273 1414143(Einfacher Bau- undirhaltungedienst II)


27/85

table No. 3. (contd.)

* unctions of General-o -~personnel direction Postal and telegraph district& central _____ ___ Postal Telegrai~servicing distric district Group Per-offices Gras Innsbruck Klagenfturt Linz Vienna Vienna Totals totals centage

CJ ~Kale Flemale M JLKJN. L ii iP7 j2H x P KAuxiliary services(Hilfsdienst)Office, traffic, andmaterial depot

auxiliary work(Amts-. Verkehrs- undZeughilfsdienstElementary constructionand maintenance I(Ninfacher Bau- andErhaltungsdienst I)

6

119 1)40

23

878 1328 1166 7.91

Elementary auxiliaryJtservices .8 9 36 5 4 7 9 7 3917 337 44 7 55 440 14+1+5)4 3.11.Einfacher Hilfedienst)Total 1493 1)40 11485 3 1 88s 600 136 129 339 7955 838 390 385 5)435 33142 18777 100.00


28/85

-17-

II. TELEPHONE

A. EXTENT AND DEVELOPMENTThe Austrian telephone system compared favorably with that of otherEuropean countries in amount and distribution of equipment. Much of it,however, was rapidly becoming obsolete by the time of the Anschluss.Germany has probably made considerable improvements in recent years. Thetelephone system constituted by far the most important part of the tele-communications services in Austria, and in he general PTT organization

it ranked second only to the combined postal services as a source of income.(See Section I-E.)1. Line

Austria's strategic position on the continent has enhanced the im-portance of its transit facilities for wire communications, and in articulatelephone communications. The application of radio to telegraphy has in-creased somewhat the independence of telegraph facilities in those countries


29/85

-1-

3,271 kilometers of long-distance cable, of which 1,576 kilometers weretrunk lines and 1,693 kilometers were interurban lines (Table No, 4),Intra-urban or short-distance l ines have gradually been going underground,also, In 1936 underground cable already formed approximately one-fourthof th e total length of existing short-distance telephone lines (9,741.1out of 35,610.7 kilometers). (See Table No. 5.) The federal state ofVienna had more cable than all the rest of Austria (7,732 out of 11,003kilometers),

Locational information on all important long-distance lines isshown on'Mep No, A-5374, The routes of some cables are known and ked;th e routes of others are indicated as probable. Long-distance connectionsbetween th e larger cities probably parallel th e railroad l ines and otherconnections parallel th e main roads, usually a t a depth of about 70 centi-meters. ' Little information is available concerning the routing of open-wire lines, but th e main Junctions and the connections ith adjoeinigcountries were probably made by cable,

Long-distance cable used a larger number of 4-wire than 2-wirecircuits but interurban cable used only 2-wire circuits (Table No. 6).Internat ional circuits are listed in Table No, 7; detailed description ofAustrian cables in Table No. 8. Iost telephone cables constructed after


30/85

-19-

had increased to 289,308, an average of 4.1 per 100 population (seeTable V in Appendix). Since that time both number and percentage haveincreased considerably. As in Germany, however, they are still farbelow those for the United States (16.56 telephones per 100 populationin 1941).

In 1935, over half the total number of telephones in thecountry (184,840, or an average of 9.86 per hundred population) were in-stalled in the local exchange area of Vienna, whose boundaries coincidewith the federal state of Vienna. Salzburg was the only other stateaveraging more than three telephones per hundred population.

This low average number of telephonesper hundred populationis partially accounted for by the fact that there were few exchanges ofany great size in Austria. By 1936, Vienna had increased its number oftelephones to 190,192; but Graz was the only other exchange with over10,000 telephones. In all of Austria there were only thirteen other ex-changes of over 1,000 subscribers (Table No. 10).

In 1935 there was a total of 1,807 local exchange areas inAustria. With the xception of Vienna, each local exchange area had onlyone main exchange,Ysand, depending on the size of the area, one or more


31/85

-.20-

automtization. Innsbruack was still entirely anual. Because of th eheavy central ization of telephone networks in th e Vienna district,however, th e average automatization fo r all of Austria was brought upto 24,1 per cent.

b. Local AdministrationThe public telephone system was operated in two groups:

1) by local exchange areas (0rtsnete); and 2) by independent publictelephones (Selbstandigesprechstellren) and trunk circuits (Fernleitungen).The trunk circuits serviced not only long-distance traffic between trunkexchanges but also connected independent public telephones and isolatedprivate subscribers not linked up with a local exchange network.

The local exchange areas were subdivided into five operatingclassif ications: 1) one or more local exchanges (masin and branch-Haupt-und Nebenvermittl suer); 2) usually one long-distance trunk exchange(FernimT 3 exchange connecting l ines (Vermittlungleitungen); 4) sub-scribersa connecting lines (Anchlusslinien); and 5) subscribers' telephones(Teilnehmerstellen) (Tables Nos. 6 and 9).

Subscribers' telephones fell into three categories: public,


32/85

-21-

B. OPERATION1. Public Telephone S stem

In Austria th e PTT performed services equivalent to those ofprivate telephone companies in th e United States. It provided th einstrument and installed it for a fixed fee. The subscriber also paidth e PTT a monthly rental charge for tht telephone, This sum was deter-mined by a two-zone division of th e local exchange area. The size ofZone I depended upon the number of subscribers as i icated below, dis-tance being measured from the main exchange off ice:/

1 ki.........1,5 km . ......2 m ...... o,3 km .06004km ........5 km .... p6 km .........

under 50 subscribers51-200 subscribers201-500 subscribers501-2000 subscribers2,001-5,000 subscribers5,00120,000 subscribersover 20,000 subscribers

For example,, if there were only fifty subscribers th e boundary of Zone iwas placed arbitrarily at a distance of one kilometer from the main exchange


33/85

-22-

Hours of services of these offices are listed below:Time of Service Number-of PTT

Offices withTelephone Services

1. Uninterrupted day and night service(urunterbrochener Tag- and Nachtdienst ) 75

2. Part-night service (haber Nachtdienst) 4

3, All-day service (voller Tagdienst) 1344, Reduced day service-- at Least 8 hours

(be rnkter .Tagdienst) 1,8105. Shortened day service- between 6 and 8

hours (gekiirzter Tagdienst) 1,064TOTAL PTT OFFICES 3,08

2.- Private Telephone System,


34/85

-23-

Connections between any tw o points within Zones I an d II weremeasured by real distance, but the charge between any zones over I andII were determined by the distance measured between the centers of therespective quadrangles irrespective of the particular points withinthose quadrangles .

Because of the limited long-distance line, telephone calls weregraded on a priority basis, rates being charged accordingly. Subscriberspaid for the number of minutes the telephone was in use in local as wellas long-distance calls. The categories of calls, arranged in order ofpriority, were as follows:

1. Lightning calls - Blitzgesprche2. Urgent state calls - dringende

Staatsgesprche3e Urgent PTT calls - dringende

Dienstgespriche4. Urgent private calls - dringende

Privatgesprichee5. Ordinary state calls - Staaatsgesprche6. Ordinary private calls - Privatgesprdche7. Ordinary PTT calls - Dienstgesprache


35/85

-24-

the new system provided better reception and private ringing facilitiesthan could be installed on ordinary Land or rural party-l ines.

In Vienna, the polide and fire departments had their own telephonenetworks but all other such special services formed a part of the localtelephone systems.


36/85

Table No. 14. LONG-DISTANCE (TRUNK AND INTERURBAN) TELEPHONE CABLE IN AUSTRIA (1936)________________________(in kilometers)

PTT circuits Rented circuitel!Federal Type Length of Length of wire in. Length of wire in Length of wire in Length of wirestate of-cable Cable Wire existsn circuits Dhantom circuits existing aicisn tom circuits2-wire 4-wire 2-wire 4-wire 2-wire 2-wire )4-wireVienna (Wien)Niederoiterreich. Trunk 392.5 90,213.7 25,056.9 33,068.7 6,0)41.8 3,887.1 526.0 312-Burgenland )Interurb 329.6 26,251.8 12, 933.3 - 1,1455.9 - 1,15)4.8 616.1 -Oberosterreich Trunk 313.6 61,508.5 10,6)45.6 29,332.6 3,377.14 12,729.8 22)4.7 456.1 -Interurb 192.9 6,85)4.1 5,682.3 - 9)49.8 - - 33.7 -Salzburg T run 614.5 12,675.9 2,286.8 6.,3)45..4 1,087.9 2,788.4 - 126.7 -Ineubn2). 7,193.14 9,858.2 - 1,330.2 / - - -Steiermark Trunk 352.8 77,2148.6 15,981.7 23,082.4 4,362.9 8,644.6 598.0 31. 44.Interurba 175.14 6,13)4.9 3,160.5 - 23)4.9 - - 897.5 44Ijirnten Trunk 113.3 22,61)4.6 2,859.14 6,3)4)4.8 581.5 1,1495.14 - 90.6 -Interurba 1714.1 11,119.9 6,932.2 - 1,107.7 -- 39.7 -

fo Trunk 278.5 55,558.3 9,028.9 17,89)4.0 1,832,5 3,714.14 556.9 66.5 471.7Interurba 497.3 18,188.5 89,652.3 - 1,002.6 - 37.5 614.3 -Vorarlberg Trunk. 63.8 12,768.6 2,303.14 3,646.14 480.2 769.0 66.14 - -Interurba 109.14 5,117.7 5,711.14 - 11*6.5 - 1)49.14 98.3 160.9'Totals Trunk ,578.0 332,888.2 68,192.7 119,714.3 16,76)4.5 3)4,028.7 1,972.0 1,1425.9 919.3Interurb .693.0 91,860.3 52,930.2 - b 227.6 - 1,3)41.7 .339.6 160.9Total long-distance cable 5,271.0 423,7418.5 121,122.9 119,7114.3 23,992.1 314,028.7 3,313.7 1,765.5 1,080..2

j/Rented to EAAG


37/85

Table No, 5. LENGTH OF TELEPHONE LINE IN AUSTRIA, 1936 (EXCLUDING LONG-DISTANCE CABLE)________________________ in icilomneters)Exchange and subscribers' Rural line P~rivate lineline (Vermittl s- and (Uberlandfern- Privatferns rech-

Achulet en a rechleit eng) leit3 e ._____ TotalsFederal en e inestate wire Cable Total wire Cable Total wire Cable Total wire Cable TotalVienna -(Wien) 1,6146.1 7,1480.3 9,126.14 18.8 100.14 119.2 146.7 151.3 198.0 1,711.6 7,732.0 9,1443,6Niederoiuterreich 3,060.3 260.14 3,320.7 4,1014.0 55.2 4,159.21,305.7 123.5 1,1429.2 8,1470.0 1439.1 8,909.1Burgenland 351.0 8.2 359.2 1,273.0 1.2 1,2714.0 126.0 0.14 126.14 1,750.0 9.8 1,759.80berosterreich 1,3014.9 2148.2 1,553.1 2,299.2 11.3 2,310.5 118.0 29.5 1147.5 3,722.1 289.0 14,011.1Salzburg 6714.7 156.8 831.5 7143.0 0.6 7143.6 100.9 3.0 103.9 1,518.6 i6o.14 1,679.0Steiermarkc 1,138.8 185.2 1,3214.0 2,093.9 27.8 2,121.7 150.6 36.5 187.1 3,383.3 2149.5 3,632.8Uarnten 502.2. 1214.3 626.5 579.9 0.3 880.2 155.0 146.0 201.0 1,537.1 170.6 1,707.7Tirol 964.14 258.5 1,222.9 1,8814.6 172.7 '2,057.3 156.2 61.1 217.3 3,005.2 1492.3 3,1497.5Vorarlberg 2914.7 97.5 392.2 431.7 70.0 501.7 45.3 30.9 76.2 771.7 198.14 970.1

Total 9,937.1 8,819.14 18,756.5 13,728.1 439.5 114,167.6 2,204.14 482.2 2,686.6 25,869.6 9,7141.1 35,610.7


38/85

Table No. 6. LENGTH OF TELEPHONE WIRE IN AUSTRIA, 1936 (EXCLUDING CIRCUITS IN LONG-DISTANCE3 CABLE)(in kilometers)Exchange and subscribers' Rural line Private line

___________i e___________o leiten) Total lineFederal state rejj Cal Tota reti~ Cable Y I -Wire Cable Total re Cable Total

Vienna (Whien) 16,071.1 388,793.1 404,8614.2 355.3 960.3 1,315.6 814.0 2,1400.3 2,4814.3 16,510.14 392,153.7 408,6614.Nieder~sterreich 19,728.3 18,311.0 38,039.3 25,913.0 1,1473.7 27,386.7 2,327..4 2,120.9 4,14 .3 47,968.7 21,905.6 69,8714.IBurgenlan01.3 418.7 1,320.0 3,3614.6 314.1 3,398.7 1143.14 0.8 1144.2 14,409.3 453.6 4,862.Oberdaterreich 7,361.8 23,327.6 30,689.14 10,258,9 409.5 10,665.14 480.1 59.1 539.2 '18,100.8 23,796.2 141,897.Salzburg 3,1497.7 16,1148,1 19,6)45.8 3,1714.2 126.1 3,300.3 306.0 35.6 3141.6 6,9779 16,309.8 23,287.Steiermark' 7,521.8 42,912.5 50,14314.3 11,053.2 203.9 11,257.1 763.6 80.8 81414.5 19,338.6 43,197.3 62,535.Irnten 3,309,6 114,495.8 17,805.14 5,559.8 3.5 5,563.3 213.0 139.0 352.0 9,082.14 114,638.3 23,720.Tirol 2,612.3 17,836.7 20,1449.0 3,788.6 337.9 4,126.5 318.5 135.3 453.8 6,719.14 18,309.9 25,029.Vorarlberg 6,961.0 1,006,5 7,967.5 875.5 1140.0 1,015.5 90.6 61.9 152.5 7,927.1 1,208.14 9,135.Total 67,9614.9, 523,250.0 591,214.9 614,3143.1 3,689.0 68,032.1 4,726.6 5,033.8 j9,760.14 137,0314.6 531,972.8 669,007.


39/85

-28-

Table No. '7. flNTERNATIONAL TELE~PHONE CIRCUITS flN AUSTRIA, 1938

Connections Total Circuits Of' whichVienna- Germany 43 ilto BerlinVienna-Czechoslovakia 44 r12 to Prague

6 to BrnoS9 to Bratislava

Vienna-Poland 9Vienna-Hungary 23 18 to BudapestVienna-Jugoslavia .8Vienna-Italy 15Vienna-Switzerland 17

4


40/85

-29-

Table No. 8TECHNICAL DETAILS OF BURIED TEL PH0NE-CA3LES

IN AUSTRIAtaken from the B RNE list of International TelephoneCables, 1937

D.M.= DIESELHORST MARTINP = Pair (uadded Pairs)

Ref c. Type of Cable No. of Diameter Type of RemarksNo. Quads of Loadingin ConductorsBerne in m.m.list100 Vienna-Passau 1 0,9 200/9.4-2000 LeadDM 49 20 1.4 190/70-2000 shielded

16 0.9 200/70-200012 0.9 50/20-2000


41/85

- 30 -

Table No . 8 (cont'd -2)Ref c. Type of Cable No. of Diameter Type of RemarksNo. Quads of Loadingin ConductorsBerne in mn.m.list102 Bludenz-Oberriet 1 0.9 177/15/un-' Lead

DM 50 loaded-1830 shielded7 1.4 177/6/3-18308 0.9 177/63-183034 0.9 40/20-1830

103 Salzburg-BadReichenhall 1 1.4 140/9.4-1640 LeadDM 9 8 1.4 140/56-1640 shielded104 Melleck-Lofer 3 1.4 140/56-1640

DM 3__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _105 d5rg1-Innsbruck 1 0.9 50/20-1830


42/85

- 31 -

Table No. 8 (cont'd -3)

Ref c. Type of Cable No. of Diameter Type of RemarNo. Quads of Loadingin ConductorsBerne in m~m.list110 Landeck, Tir.-Bludenz

20 pair cable 1 p. 3.0 50-18301 p. 2.0 50-18301 quad 2.0 50/20-18304 quads 1.8 50/20-18304 quads 105 50/20-1830111, Bludenz-Feld-

kirch20 pair cable 1 p. 3.0 50-18301 p. 2.0 50-18301 quad 2.0 50/20-18304 quads 1.8 50/20-1830


43/85

- 32 -

Table No. 8 (cont'd -4)

Ref c. Type of Cable No. of' Diameter Type of' RemarksNo. Quads of Loadingin ConductorsBerne in m.m.

11ist117 Badgastein-

Villach 19 1.4 85/35-1830DM 19118 W~5rgl-Lend 19 1.4 85/35-1830DM 19119 7r6rg1-Kuf stein 1 0.9 non-boade

DM 6 5 1.5 150/1633120 Waorgl-Hopfgarten 3 1.4 85/35-1830

DM 3


44/85

_ 33-

Table No. 8 (cont'd -5)Refc. Type of Cable No. of Diameter Type of RemarksNo. Quads of Loadingin -ConductorsBerne in n.m.list128 Vienna-Halbturn 1 0.9 200/9.4-2000 Lead

DM 54 15 1.4 190/70-2000 shielded6 0.9 200/70-200012 0.9 50/20-200020 0.9 non-loaded

129 Vienna-Brucka.d.L.

DM 19 19 1.4 85/35-1800130 Vienna-Bruck

a.d.M. 1 0.9 200/9.4-2000 LeadDM! 3 20 1.4 190/70-2000 shielded

8 0.9 200/70-200020 0.9 50/20-2000

0.9 30/12-1700


45/85

- 34 -

Table No. 8 (cont'd -6)Ref c. Type of Cable No. of Diameter Type-of RemarksNo. Quads of Loadingin, ConductorsBerne in In.m.list137 Wildon-Maribor - -138 Linz-Bruck a.d.M. 20 1.4 140/56-1700 Lead

DM 49 12 0'.9 140/56-1700 shielded16 0.9 30/12-17001 0.9 140/12-1700 _____

139 Bruck a~d.M.-Leoben 19 1.4 140/56-1700

DMA 9140 Leoben-S.Michael 12 1.4 140/56-1700

DM 12141 S. Michael-


46/85

-35-

Table No. 8. (cont'd 7)Refe. Diame~terNo. in of TypeBerne No. of Conductors oflist, Type of Cable Q,uads in ma~i. Loading Remarks148 Selzthal-StainachIrdning 12 1.4 40/56-1700DM12149 Stainach Irdning-

Bad Aussee 7 1.4 40/56-1700DM 7

150 Wien Schwa izaua. St. 25 1.4 50/20-1886 -MetalDM 25 and 2 pr. 2 p 1.4 12-1886 shielded

151 Schwarzau a. St.-Gloggnitz 34 1.4 50/20-1880 MetalDM 34 and 2 pr. 2 p 1.4 12-1880 shielded152 Schwarzau a. ;St.-


47/85

Table No. 9.TELEPHONE FACILITIES IN AUSTRIA, 1935

Niederoster- Burgen- Ober~5uter- Salt-reich I land I reich Iburg Steier-mark Karnten Tirol I rari- jTotalIberg IAustriaLocal exchange areas (Ortenets.) 1 653 110 312 106 291 156 125 50 1,907

Main (Raiapt-) 16 653 110 312 106 291 156 125 50 1,522Branch Neben-) 1 99 14 145 _ 22 10 9 25 L...Sprechste 11enT - 286 2 331.5 136 91 .9L 11 2i.

Public telephones (OffentlicheSprechstellen) ________ 502 115 353 1)46 356 186 195 57 2,405Public coin boxes (Offentliche) 4'(Miinzfernsprecher3 1,306 12 - 12 11 147 10 11 3 1,412-Individual subscribers' telephones,including PTT telephones

Individual lines(Einzelanschliisse) 41,690 12,925 1,129 5,006 3,112 9,1453 3,694 3,1466 2,235 85,710Urban party lines(Gesell schaftsanschliisse)of 2 subscribers 17,212 308 - 713 225 685 5 312 72 19,535of 14 ubscribers 65,007 1,875 2,697 1,766 1,890 205 2,290 37)4 79,107

Rural party lines(Landanschiisse) .- 3 - 36 19 14 27 8)4 268Total subscribers' telephones (exceptindependent ublic telephones) 129.34L 15,925 1,244 11,5)47 5,279 12,1435 4,133 6,372 2,555 18,13Government (Staatliche) 16,01i 4,139 20)4 2,689 1,262. 2,235 1,172 1,560 8)46 30,151Private (Pri3 35,9314 2,67)4 179 2,690 1,525 3,157 8)42 1,157 367 51,558PTT (Dienetliche) 1,518 40 1 192 9)4 36 53 51 8 1,993T~otal 56,1493 6,853 35)4 5,571 2,8814 5,1461 2,067 2,765 1,221 83,702

Tota telephones 194~~ iii ~ 51b I8~ ---2j _____ 2 22,Telephones per hundred population 981.50 05 1.93 -3.32 1.76 1.53 2.61 2.62 14.03

Federal state- Vienna


48/85

Table No. 10.NUMBER AND TYPE Off TELEPHONES IN L0CAL EXOHINGES WITH MORE THAT 500 SUB SCRIBERS IN AUSTRIA, 1936

Vienna Mod- St. Wiener Iloster-Local exchaniges (Ortsnetze) (Wien) Baden ling Pblten Neustadt nouburg Linz Waes SteyrExchanges (Vermittlun sajnter)Main (Haup-) 17 1 1 1 1 1 11Branch -(Neben-) 1 3 10 5 - 3 14 2 3Number of lines for individual subscribers,public telephones, public coin tele-phones, and PTT telephones (Teilnehmer-stellen, offentliche Sprechetellen,o5ffentliche, Mi ferns recher undDienstsprechstellenIndividual lines (Einzelanschliisse) 43,1436 519 491 498 760 602 2,255 1431 269Urban party lines (Geesiellchafte-

anschli 89,390 -933 713 452 - - 2,902 391 14.411Rural party lines (adansehliisee)- - - - ----Total 132,826 1,1452 1,204 950 ,760 602 5,157 822 710

tnsions (Nebenstellen)Government (staatliche) 15,318 1437 206 313 304 148 1,216 262 161Private (jr vat) 40,1485 317 1145 316 338 132 1,878 265 1144PTT (dienstliche) 1,563 14 3 7 11 - 173 9 2Total 57,366 758 3514 636 653 180 3,267 536 307

I-Total telephones 1190,192 2,210 1,555 1,586 1,1413 782 8,424 1,358 1,017


49/85

Table No. 10.NU)4BER AND TYP:E OF TELEPHONES IN LOCAL EXCHANGES WITH MORE THAN 500 SUBSCRIBERS IN AUSTRIA, 1936 (Cont'd)

-~ T r , -Loca1 exchanges (Ortsnetze) -

Salz-burg Graz Klagen-furt Vil-l ch Inns-bruck B eg-enz Dorn-birn Feld-kirchExchanges. (Vermittlun sitter)Main (Haut- I1 1 ~ 1 1 1 1 1 1Branch (Neben-) 11 - - - 6 91Nuimber of lines for individual subscribers, public tele-phones, public coin telephones, and. TT telephones(Teilnebnierstellen, *ffentliche SDrechstellen, *dffent-

liche Miinzferns recher und Dienste rechetellen)Individual lines Einzelanschiisse 1,312 4,9147 1,198 851 1,506 568 695 1479Urb~i party lines (Gesellschaftsanschliisse) 2,213 2,930 3514 -, 2,873 316 90 514Rural party lines (Landanschliisse) - - - 3 - 33Total 3,525 7,777 1,552 851 4,379 887 785 566

Extensions (Nebenstellen)Government (staatliche) 661 1,120 589 1149 953 353 2240 168Private (priv t) 1,191 2, 729 636 260 1, 3114 191 103 83PTT (dienstliche) 71 31 52 - 63 3 1 5Total 1,923 3,880 1,277 1409 2,330 5147 31414 256

Total telephones 5,1)8 11,657 2,829 1,6 ,0 ,34 1,129 2


50/85

39.~-

Table ','o. 11.LARGE AUTOMATIC T21EPHoN i.CHANG.ES INT AUSTRIA,(Except Vienna)

Exchange (Listedaccording to size)Graz 2LinzBaden (near Vienna)Kiagenfurt lVillach 2:1Vienna-KlostenburgGmunden and Altrniinster

Population ofExchange Areas

207 ,74712R9,19524,11156,70125,75425,1,42087 ,116

Approximate nuber of~ Subscr

.11, 2706 9502,2952,000

1,340720640

1939


51/85

NiUIVIBER AND CA;PAOITYII OF AUTOrIATIC AND MANUAL EXCHANGES In AUS3TRIA, 1939

Postal and telegraphdistrict

0d

Inn b-ruckGrazKlagenfurtLinzVienna IVienna II

Vienna I and II

2092831012593152

Manual exchanges

65 19 13 9

Capacity 21/(number of* subscribers)Automa.tic exchanges

26232611930751

1)48

199

508

508

122

5509

51)4

Total numberof automaticand manualexchanges_-

26832712130956657

Percentage ofexchangesautomatized

0

0.31.7o.68.9

77.5

Total for Austria 935 143167126 11 19 13 ,219 50_9~i~z - - - - 519 1,739 2)4.1~/The actual capacity of an exchangeof subscribers. 'is sually 40 per cent larger than its utilization which is indicated here by number~/Local exchanges (Ortsnets'e) within the federal state of Vienna. In the telephone books from which these statisticswere taken the term Ortmnet: was apparently used to mean main exchange offices as veil as local exchange areas. *Inother tables and in the text the latter translation is used.~]Local exchanges in the federal states of Burgenland and Niederdaterreich.


52/85

-41-

Table No. 1:3.TELEPHONE TRAFFIC IN AUSTRIA(1 January - 31 December 1935)

Calls to Calls fromType of Telephone Domestic Foreign ForeignCall Calls Countries Countries(minutes) (minutes) (minutes)

Ordinary telephonecalls ( ewbhnlicheGeprjche) 20,771,062 3,386,476 3,930,838

Urgent telephonecalls (drp deGesprche) 8,807 14,595 19,168

Lightning telephonecalls (Bl tzesrche) 62 34 95


53/85

-42-.

III. T. EGRAPH .AID MISCELLANEOUS WIRE SERVICES

ThFLGR APH

i. Extent and DevelopmentTelegraph services in Austria have been declining steadily,

despite great technical progress made in this branch of telecommuni-cations. The decline has generally been reflected in th e increaseduse of th e te lephone, and more and more wires have been reassignedto telephone service. The development of cable for the telephonewould provide similar advantages for telegraph faciltties if expansionwere needed.

Telegraph lines either formed a part of the telephone cable orused overhead wire. Number and type of telegraph circuits in long-distance (trunk and interurban).cable are given in Table No. 14. Thepostal and telegraph district of Vienna had the largest number of trunkcircuits but had no interurban circuits. There were about twice asmany 2-wire as 4-wire circuits. However, phantom circuits in telegraphywere only of 2-wire construction.


54/85

-43-

Time of Service Number of PTTOffices with Tele-phone Services

1. Uninterrupted day and night service(ununterbrochener Tag- undNachtdienst) 26

2. Part-night service (halber Nachtdienst) 1

3." All-day service (voller Tagdienst) 148

4. Reduced day service - at least 8 hours(beschrankter Tagdenst) 1,828

5. Shortened day service - between 6 and8 hours (gekiirzter Tagdienst) 1,095

TOTAL PTT OFFICES 3,098

In addition, 708 railroad telegraph offices were open to thegeneral public. The i r office hours probably coincided with th e indivi-


55/85

-44-

Morse 2,598Klapfer 361Hughes 21 9Baudot 14Siemens 1

Total 3,193Telegrams sent within. the city limits of Vienna were usuallytelephoned from one pos t office to the other instead of being trans-

mitted by Morse.B. Tka1ETYPE

Th e recent development of teletype service constitutes th e mostimportant telegraphic advance. It also goes far toward explaining whyth e apparent drastic reduct ion in telegraph line does not necessarilymean an equal reduction in total service, since teletype makes greateruse of th e same line than does Morse, Hughes, Baudot or Siemens equip-ment,

By 1935 there were 53 teletype machines in Austria with th e fol low-in g connect ions:


56/85

-45-

also a portable transmitter (tragbare Sender) sometimes used in conjunc-tion with the above installation. Both were owned and operated by thePTT, and apparently used only for international traffic.

Direct connections existed from Vienna to Berlin, Hamburg, Frank-furt aM., Cologne, Munich, Paris, London, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Oslo,,Brussels, Rome, and Turin; indirect connections from Vienna to New York,San Francisco, Buenos Ares, and Bangkok. The number of telephotostransmitted and received in Austria in 1935 totaled 828,233 (TableNo. 18).


57/85

Table No. l14.L0NG-DISTANCE CABLE TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS IN

(in kilometers)AUSTRIA, 1936

Federa2l state Type of cable Length of wire in Length of wire in Length of rented circuits ~Jexisting PTT PTT phantom circuits'circuits listing cir- Phan~tom circuits2-wire 1 -wire (2-wire) cuits (2-wire) (2-wire)

Vienna (Wien)Niederosterreich Trunk 2,092.1. 1,31 .6 - - 168.8Burgenland ) Interurban - - - 78.0 -Oberbsterreich Trunk -89)4.8 - - 231.)4Interurban 180.0 - 8.Salzburg Trunk - 253.5 - - 126.7

Interurban 1,266.6 - 1,790.7 --Steiermark Trunk 787.7 - - - -

Interurban - - 31.2 '- -Karntz) i Trunk 362.)4 -- - -Interurban 239.7 - 127.7 - -Tirol Trunk 581.4+ 1,512.7 , - 132.9

Interurban 3,022.6 - 675.3 - 113.8Vorarlberg Trunk -255.3 - - -Interurba 856.9 - 155.1 - -

Totals Trunk 3,921.9 )+,257.9 - 132.9 526.9Interurban 5,565.8 - 2,865.9 78.0 113.8Totals (Long-distanceplus interu'rban) 9,389.7 4,25709 2,865.9 210.9 610.7


58/85

Table No. 15.LENGTH OF TELEGBA~ LINE IN AUSTRIA, 1936 (EXCLuDING L0NG-DISTAJNCE CABLE)

(in ilometers)Federal state PTT Railroad Private Total

administration installationsOpen wire Cables Total wire wire wire

Vienna (Wien) 71.8 283.5 355.3 250.0 147.3 652.6Niederosterreich 2,569.5 7.1 2,576.6 2,1436.8 - 5,013.14Burgenland 782.9 0.8 783.7 70.3 - 8514.0Oberosterreich b714.8 60.8 735.6 169.7 0.5 905.8Salzburg 131.2 114.6 1145.8 81.8 0.1 227.7Steiermark 1,1419.2 22.1 1,14141.3 289.2 -- 1,730.5Karnten 528.5 10.14 538.9 11,4.6 -653.5Tirol 2415.5 20.5 266.0 566.1 - 832.1Vorarlberg 106.9 "214.14 "131,3 80.14 -211.7Total 6,530.3 1444.2 6,9714.5 14,058.9 147.9 11,081.3


59/85

LENGTH 07 TELEGRAH VIRESTable No. 16.

IN AUSTRIA, 1936 (EXCLUDING THE CIRCUITS(in kilometers) IN LONG-DISTANCE CABLE)

Federal. tate PTT Railroad Private Total.admiisitration, installation.Wire Cables Total wire wire wire

Vienna (Wien) 478.7 3,003.1 3,1481.5 1,1425.14 591.2 5,798.14Niederoisterreich 19,502.8 72.6 13,575.14 11,2814.3 214,559.7Burgenland 2,769.3 2.3 2,771.6 583.2 -3,6514.8Oberosterreich 3,578.9 693.6 4,272.5 4,188.3 55.9 8,516.7Salzburg 889.7 401.5 1,291.2 6140.8 25.5 1,957.5Steiermark 6,7714.0 275.9' 7,0149.9 6,8. 13,132.14K rnten 2-,299.3 2143.9 2,5143.2 2,991.1 -5,5314.3Tirol 458.8 56.1 5114.9 1,133.6 -1,6148.5Vorarlberg 132.2 58.6 190.8 1145.7 -336.5

Total 30,883.1 4,807.6 35,691.3 28,7714.9 972.6 65,1438.8


60/85

Table No. 17.TZLUGRAH JACILITIRS-;IN AUSTRIA. 1935

Federal state No. of localities with Number of PTT offices with telegraph facilitiestelegraph facilities Telegraph - Post & telegraph Postal Toe- Railroad ToatalTelegrams transmitted by offices offices agencies phone telegraph te-Telegraph Telephone Both Total (Tel. r hen- (Post- imd Toe- (Post- offices offices graphemter 'raphen-emter). ablagen) (Pern- (Bsnbn officesTelegrams' tr emitted b Telegrams s rech- tele-Telegraph Telephone transmitted A~mter r nby telephone stationen)Vienna (Wien) - - 1 1 :3 10)4 3 - - 21 131Nie4erdsterreich 352 711 12 1,075 - 370 267 71 391 198, 1,297Buirgenlanid 30 .109 - 139 - .30 82 3 241 48" 1870be,?gsterreich 63 237 109 409 1 1741 189. 20, 39 117 5410Salsburg 33 102 314 169 1 70 38 17 50 32 -208Steiermark 97 288 90 1475 1 194. 1441 3)4 120 135 628[arnten 83 157 28 268 1 116 66 8 87 93 371Tirol 21 215 37 273 1 58 .108 28 88 145 328Vorarlberg 18 68 11 97 1 28 142 18 19 116Total Austria. 697 1,887 322 2,906 9 1,144 939 189. 817 708 3,806

~/Plus one private telegraph office making 3,807 total offices with telegraph facilities.


61/85

-50-

Table No. 18..TELEGRAPH TRAFFIC IN AUSTRIA

(1 January - 31 . December 1935)No. of No. of No. ofType of Telegram Domestic Telegrams TelegramsTelegrams to Foreign from Foreign

Countries CountriesOrdinary telegrams(Gewohnliche Tele-

_______ 728,253 672,616 710,252Lightning t ele grams(Blitz-Telegranme) 3,588 6,490 5,043Sea and air reporttelegrams (Flugsicher-ungs-, Hyd ro-Te le rammne) 31,768 1,158 5,047

Press telegrams (Presse-*eerme 1,496 6,954 4,761


62/85

-51-

IV. RADIORadio services were originally organized as a branch of the tele-graph administration of the Austrian PTT. However, expenses provedso exorbitant that the government sold its radio interests to two joint-

stock enterprises: 1) RAVAG (Radio Verkehrs Aktiengesellschaft); and2) Radio-Austria AG. In addition to these companies, the police hadits own radio-telephone network. There were no amateur radio operatorsin pre-Anschluss Austria.A. RAVAG

The Austrian broadcasting corporation, RAVAG, was organized in Octo-ber, 1924, as a mixed-ownership joint-stock company. It held a monopolyof the broadcasting and domestic radio-telephony and radio-telegraphyservices, and was permitted to establish radio transmitters and receivingstations to operate domestic service stations.

The federal government was represented by the Generaldirektion whichowned 50 per cent of the stock and by the Credit Institute fo r PublicU tilities and Works (Government Bank) (Credit-Institut fur 6ffentlicheUnternehmungen und Arbeiten) which owned 20 per cent. The City of


63/85

-52-

Postel District Radio Receiver Sets per 100Sets Households

Vienna 660,482 54.0Graz 127,222 43.0Innsbruck 66,713 54.5Klagenfurt 44,019 40.8Linz 160,665 47.5

TOTAL AUSTRIA 1,059,101 50.7

There are no statistics available for domestic radio-telephony orradio-telegraphy.

In addition to these functions of broadcasting, radio-telephonyand radio-telegraphy, RAVAG performed two special government services:1) handling of weather reports for aeronautical use, and 2) transmissionend reception of press te legrams for th e government news' office(Amtliche Nachrightenstelle) in Vienna.

See Map No. A-5374 for locational information on radio installationsin Austria. Complete details of installations may be found in MI 8/A/44/40 "Report on Telecommunications in Austria."


64/85

-53-

V. POSTAL SERVICES

The Austr ian Post provided th e same services as the post officesof most other countries and in addition certain special facilitiesunknown in the United States.

A. LETTER POST (Briefsendungen)

Letter post in Austria did not differ markedly from similar classesof the American post. The usual services of letters,'

postcards, regis-tered letters, and business papers were included. Small packages couldbe sent by letter post to foreign countries. The railroads had arrange-ments with the PTT for the delivery of railroad station letters (Bahnhof-briefe) directly from th e mai l trains.

Shortly before th e Anschluss a type of group mailing service (Post-wurfsendungen) was introduced from Germany. Samples and advertisementswere addressed to certain population groups (e.g., housewives, voters,bakers, etc.) and the distribution was left to the Post which preparedlists of such persons.

After th e Anschluss th e smal l packet (Peckchen)service was extended


65/85

-54-

letters, and government checks were delivered in all large communitiesby separate postmen (Geldbrieftrger) who paid out th e cash to th eaddressee.

4. Government checks (?ostzahlungsanweisungen)

These were order& to the post office to pay to a stipulatedperson and were used for the payment of pensions, delivery of supplies,etc.

5. Bill collection (Postauftrag)

In using this service th e creditor requested th e pos t office tocollect th e debt and remit it to th e creditor, th e postal savings bank,or to a private bank. Collection was made by one of two forms: th ePostauftragbrief which might be used to remits ouchers, bonds, etc.,and th e Postauftra;karte for amounts to 500 S2i, money only beingremitted. Under the bchsnost the Postauftragsbrief has been abolished.

C. PARCEL POST (See Table No. 21)

Pre-Anschluss Austria recognized three types of parcel for posta l


66/85

-55-

E. CHANGES UNDER. THE RHEICESPOSTIn general, expansion of postal business in Austria after th eAnschluss was irregular. Money letters and money boxes increased

tremendously in volume (259,000 pieces in 1936 to 939,000 in 1939).On the other hand, letter traffic decreased steadily and newspapersfell off sharply.

Table No. 19.LETTER POST TRAFFIC rn AUSTRIA(1 Tanuary - 31 December 1935)

Domestic To Foreign From Foreign TransitCountries Countries

Letters 205,611,000 47,866,000 30,033,000 418,000(Briefe)

Postcards 95,193,000 23,773,000 16,023,000 133,000(Postkarten)


67/85

-56-

Table No. 20.MONEY MAIL TRAFFIC IN AUSTRIA(1 January - 31 December 1935)(Domestic traffic only)

C.O.D. letters (EigechriebeneBriefsendungen mit Nachnabme)C.O.D. insured letters (Wertbriefemit Nacbnabme)C.O.D. packages (Pakete mitNachnabmePostal collection letters*(Postauftragsbriefe)Postal ,collection cards

Number ofPieces

363,000

1,000

1,755,000

63,000

Value(Schillings)

4,006,000

135,000

41,733,000

3,621,000


68/85

-57-

VI. POSTAL COLLECTION AND DELIVERYA. COLLECTION

Mail was collected at the post offices and at post boxes, locatedfor the most part at street corners. Of the 17,575 mail boxes in 1935,490 were installed on public conveyances (trains and boats) and therest on street corners or in public buildings. The number of postboxes in the various postal districts is given below:

Postal District Number of Mail BoxesVienna 8,072Graz 2,941Innsbruck 1,712Klagenfurt 1,324Linz 8,072

Collections were less frequent on Sundays and legal holidays. Legalholidays included 1 and 6 January, Easter Monday, Ascension Day, Mondayof Pentecost, Corpus Christi, 29 June, 15 August, 1 and 15 November,25 and 26 December. In addition, each state had one or more patron

-58-


69/85

2. Postal Delivery ZonesThe area of a post office was divided into two and sometimesthree zones. First was the Ortszustellbezirk (local zone) where moneyorder and postal collection service forms were delivered on the samebasis as mail; second, the Aussenbezirk (outlying zone) where money

orders and similar papers were not delivered, and where special deliveryrequired a special delivery fee; and finally (in some cases) an erweitererOrtszustellbezirk (extended local zone) where no regular delivery was

4 made, but mail accumulated until an amount sufficient for distributionhas been reached.

3. Methods of DeliveryLetter service was very efficient, especially in Vienna. Mostof the mail was delivered by mail carriers who walked or used bicycles.

In rural areas the PTT often rented private buses for the delivery ofmail. In more remote mountainous areas delivery was sometimes made byhorsedrawn vehicles, and a few routes were covered by mule or boat.Statistics for 1939 on these types of transportation are given inTable No. 22.

4. requency of Delivery


70/85

-59-

VII. POSTAL TRANSPORTThe Austria PTT depended upon railways, motor vehicles and air

transport companies for the major part of postal transport. Onlyfor certain local services and in districts which were not served bypublic facilities did the PTT provide its own means of transportation.A. RAIL TRANSPORT

The railway was the principal means of transportation used by thepostal service. In 1935 there was a total of 580 civil servants employedin this service, with 115 closed mail vans (Bahnposten) which were accom-panied by postal employees (Gesamtpostkurse). However, in periods ofheavy traffic ordinary closed freight cars (Postbeiwagen) were usedwithout accompanying personnel. Conductors on most trains were maderesponsible for small batches of letters in closed mail bags. The PTTpaid indemnities to the railroads for these services.B. MOTOR TRANSPORT (Kraftpost)

Motor transport in Austria was used for both urban and rural connec-tions. In urban areas motor vehicles carried mail between post offices


71/85

-60-

Vienna-BratislavaVienna-Brno-WarsawVienna-Venice-RomeVienna-Budapest -Vienna-Grez-Klagenfurt-VeniceVienn-Graz-Zagreb-ZemunVienna-Prague-Dresden-Berl inVienna-Ber l inVienna-Budapest-Belgrade-Sofia-SlonikaVienna-Salzburg-Munich-ZiirichVienna-Muich-Zur ichVienna-Salzburg-Innsbruck-Zir ichVienna-Prague-uiirnberg-Strasbourg-ParisVienna-Budapest-Belgrade-Bucharest-IstanbulVienna-BudapestVienna-BudeapestVienna-Cologne-LondonAmsterdam-Vienna-Dutch Indies

D. P 14UMATIC POST

The only known public pneumatic post (Rohrp.ost) network in Austria


72/85

-61-

VIII. POSTAL BAIEKING SYSTEMA. ADMINISTRATION

1. Pre-AnschlussThe Austrian Postal Savings Bank (Osterreichische Postsparkasse)

was founded under the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1883 and survivedthroughout each of the successor states with growing popularity. Itwas organized as a banking institution for both savings and checkingunder the Minister of Finance, and like the Generaldirektion was inde-pendent of the Ministry proper. It had its own funds and was givenseparate legal status. Except for the central office in Vienna, it hadno offices of its own but paid annual indemnities to the PTT for th euse of its facilities. With the exception of three offices in Vienna,in 1935 all post and telegraph offices (of which there were 2,080),and all post offices (68) handled postal banking accounts.

2. Post-AnschlussAfter the Anschluss the postal banking services were taken over

by the Reichspost. Only the postal savings service of the pre-Anschluss


73/85

-62-

dealt with an extended clientele of this category. Its usefulness andpopularity, however, soon attracted the patronage of persons in alleconomic groups. Another reason fo r its extensive use was the lack ofbranch offices of the commercial banks in rural districts.

1. Savings Institutionsa. Operation

Any individual might own a postal savings account. Amountsas small as 1.6 S-A (equal to 1 RM after theAnschluss) were accepted,and interest was paid. The rate of interest was less than that paidby ordinary savings banks and was so established in order not to competewith them. When the initial deposit was made, the depositor received apostal savings book (Postsparbuch), an identification card (Ausweiskarte),withdrawal cards (Rickzahlungskarten), and notification cards (Kindig-ungskarten). The books were in the form of stamp books or sheets. Filledbooks were turned in and credited to the account. No depositor could ownmore than one book, and his name and humber were kept secret as a safe-guard against theft or abuse. Deposits were recorded on a deposit form(Einzahlungschein) filled out by the depositor, and the post officeacknowledged the receipt by making the appropriate entry in the book.

-63-


74/85

b. Types of Savings AccountsThe Austrian Savings Bank issued three types of depositors'

books: 1) name-bearing books; 2) bearer-savings books; and 3) premiumdeposit books. The first type, which could only be used by the personnamed, was.the most common in pre-Anschluss Austria; the second type,which could be used by anyone (provided that person could identify him-self properly), was uses throughout Germany and Austria after theAnschluss. The third type had a slightly lower rate of interest, butincluded the chance of winning a premium in an annual lottery if nowithdrawal had been made by the depositor during the year. Both this andthe first type of savings accounts were abolished shortly after th eAnschluss.

2. Postal CheckingThe checking service, which in pre-Anschluss Austria constitutedabout 90 per cent of the business in the postal banking system, func-

tioned very much like checking-account service in ordinary banks. Theimportant difference was that payments by money orders could be madedirectly into these checking accounts. Business firms found the systemespecially convenient and attached to their bills such money order blanks


75/85

-64-

XII. APPNIX

Table IPOSTAL AD NISTRATION IN AUSTRIA

(31 March 1939)Postal Inns- Kiagen- TotalDistrict- Graz, bruck -fuit' Linz Vienna AustriaArea (Sq.Km.) 17,387 20,259 -11,554 14,221 24,936 -88,357

Population 1,122,947 717,398, 436,298 1,020,818 3,796,284 7,O93,745Pop. per

Sq. Km 65, 35 38 72 150PostalOffices Al504 499 262 490 1,110 2,865


76/85

-65-

Table .IIPOSr OFFICE~S IN AUSTRIA

(31 March 1939) ______Postal Inns- Kiagen- TotalDistrict Graz bruck furt Linz Vienna AustriaArea in

sq. k . 17,387 20,259 11,554 14 ,221 24, 936 88 ,357Population 1,122,947 717,398 436,298 1,020,818 3,796,284 7,093,745Popu1at ionper sq.lon. 65 35 38 72 150 80'Post Off~ices(Postamter) 146 135 64 136 376 857Branch postoffices(Zwe st 15 5


77/85

-66-

Table III.REICHSPOST EILOYE rS IN~ AUSTRIA

(31 March 1939)_____Postal Inn,~- Kiagen- TotalDistrict Graz bruckc f'urt Linz Vienna AustriaHigher CivilServants(Beamte)Oualif ed

and Provi-sional:Men 1,728 1,752 716 1,706 10,726 16,628

Women 313 293 144 231 2,343 3,324Part-timeCivil Ser-vants(Beamte inNebenamt) 343 359 196 342 687 1,927

-67-


78/85

Table IVTELEPHNEI AND TELEGRAPH LIN'E STATISTICS IN AUSTRIA

(in(31

kilometers)March 1939)

Postal Inns- Kiagen- TotalDistrict Graz bruck furt Linz. Vienna AustriaInterurbantelephone andtelegraph line(Fernsprech- u1.Telegraphen-linien von Ortzu Ort) 3,825 3,495 2,524 3,748 8,491 22,083Interurban tele-phone wire(Fe rnsprec h-leitungen vonOrt zu Ort) 81,369 95,557 4,754 28,450 49,875 260,005

-68-


79/85

Table VTELEPHONE~ STATIONS IN AUSTRIA

(31 March 1939)Postal I Inns- Kiagen- TotalDistrict Graz bruck furt Linz Vienna AustriaSubscribers'telephones(maptn-schltisse) 8,556 16,995 5,316 14,343 138:,712 183,922Of~ vhichautomatic 7,662 15,579 4,539 13,056 121,038 161,874Te lephoneextensions(Nebenan-schijisse) 4,324 12,092 3,225 8,707 72,200 100,548.Public tele-

-69-


80/85

Table VITUPH0hE A 'D TELEGRAPH 0FFICES l AUSTRIA(31 March 1939).

Postal Inns- Kiagen- TotalDistrict Graz _bruck furt Linz Vienna AustriaTelepnhon%,

'(Fernsprech-amter) 1 .2 1' 1 3 8Telegraphoffices(Ta legraphen-amter) 0 0 0 .1 .1 2Communal pup3,ictelephones .fJ(Gameindlicha6ff entliche

-70-


81/85

Table VIITOTAL~ LONTG-DI6TANC TEL ZPHiOJT TFAFFIC IN rMUTRIA(1 April 1936 - 31 :M.arch 1939)

Postal District Long-Distance Calls____ ___ ___ _______ ___ ____ ___ __ in nillions)

Graz 1.6Innsbruck 1.2Kiagenfurt 0.9Linz 122Vienna 5.8

Total Austria 11.7

-71-


82/85

Table IXPOSTAL TRAFFIC IN AUSTRIA(1 April 1938 through 31 March 1939)

Postal Inns- Klagen- TotalDistrict Graz bruck furt Linz Vienna AustriaBrief send-ungen(millions) 70.2 90.9 30.5 68.3 351l.4 611.3Pieces perinhabitant 63 127 70 67 93 86Paketsend-ungen(thousands) 2,058 1,468 739. 2,007 9,142 .15,414Insuredpackages(Wertakete)(thousands) 53 22 12 39 178 304

-72-


83/85

Table X

POSTAL. BUS TRANSPORT IN AUSTRIA(1 April 1938 - 31 March 1939)Postal Inns- Kiagen- Total,District Graz bruck furt Linz Vienna AustriaNumber ofrepair shops 1 1 1 1 1 5K~raftpost linesNumber 55 91 32 106 159 443Total length

(km.) 2,184 3,023 1,389 3,326 5,739 15,661Total numberof passengerscarried(thousands) 1,452 3,269 1,747 2,278 9,120 179566

-73-


84/85

Table XIIPOSTAL CEECKING IN AUSTRIA

(1 April 1938 through 31 March 1939)Postal Inns- Klagen- TotalDistrict Graz bruck furt Linz Vienna AustriaNumber of postalchecking deposi-tors 9,874 6,944 3,638 11,151 9,909 41,516Postal money ordersand checksPayments into

systemNumber (thousands) 5,615 3,376 2,687 6,038 25,698 43,414Value (millions

RM) 305 200 124 - 318 1,543 2,490Payments out ofsystem

PROVISIONALDITION ____


85/85

4V- MAIN TELECOMMUNICATION ROUTES .'o i '.: F :: r Oelni varsiIaa " aa

"r Pkfesekauees Freisted# Norm tLo oI (J PfffeofnPassau; Soeckera kra

repeater Station or LlNwihaRepeaterMiJ h e Ifu\...doTirunkxchange I NMNHE

43 (Wthout Rep~atero) I eu..Jurend~ Obo dcklabruck , f V olaPitonRoute with Ob4i8Access to Cable (" "r1.1 5rftfe aeBurled Cable (Route LuckloeKnown ! ,.~O""-Buried Cable ose)Projected Cable (1938) J/ Gn de~Kirckd000-0MainOverhead Lines Ravenebuig Tustn . + . eed(Route Probable) f1fTrOepeater Station( Jv oe r," Ba eeikl SeLZBURG jkN0 (Projected 1938) KeBad lack

Frontier (09+44)8***td 9,._ "a""" BicBadhe e Saieekisucla lg nOb .'~ / / Hpfg/e edeien uate""krc '0/m .'Sic e hel Z.I m s 'e

I Mege"rech rntc ; ,r teLef.deck,. ' ; I!t B at a~JOberBienrel.....hS*

Ckv., Sdtula tol Rotooos. ZBeamSenL ,OSTAIerbaOCOLen

Anldastein

"., adgrteia /Ad

4. 46. elaC460fo I I I ,0Brate'

90 10 110120 10 14 150 60 10e18LITHOGRPHED I THE RPRODUCTON BRACH. OSv s. (e..3Iu,-r~cc 51anun

15 SEPTEMBER 944

civil affairs handbook austria section 12

Documents