Name: ______________________ Class: _________________ Date: _________ ID: A

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Civics EOC Review

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. According to the lesson text, “Thomas Jefferson called the [Declaration of Independence] ‘pure Locke,’” referring to the English philosopher John Locke.

Which of the following ideas shows Locke’s influence on the Declaration of Independence?a. The king of England has a divine right to rule the colonists, so only God can remove

his authority.b. By violating the social contract with the colonists, the king has lost his authority to

rule.c. Without a king, the colonists will be able to return to a state of nature in which all

men are free.d. The king rules by right of force, so it is just for the colonists to overthrow the king

using force.____ 2. This chart lists the four characteristics that all states share.

Which of these characteristics represents the system a state uses to make and enforce public policy?a. populationb. sovereigntyc. governmentd. territory

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 3. Use the chart to answer the question.

Which one of these explanations about the origins of states best applies to the type of political system created by the U.S. Constitution?a. force theoryb. evolutionary theoryc. divine right of kings theoryd. social contract theory

____ 4. Use the Preamble to the Constitution to answer the question.

"We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."—U.S. Constitution, Preamble

Which of the following actions is one example of how the American government establishes justice?a. keeping the peace within the borders of the United Statesb. creating a set of laws and a court systemc. protecting the United States from foreign threatsd. establishing safety regulations to protect the public

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 5. Use the photo to answer the question.

In which way are the women shown on this poster demonstrating their support for the ideals of American government?a. fighting on the country’s behalf overseasb. preserving the freedom of individualsc. displaying patriotism by volunteering to serve the public goodd. showing good citizenship by obeying the law

____ 6. Which of the following examples shows a government exercising its executive powers?a. deciding whether or not a law is constitutionalb. enforcing a new tax lawc. making a law that alters voting requirementsd. settling a dispute between two branches of government

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 7. This image shows Kim Jong-un, the Supreme Leader of North Korea, surrounded by his military officers.

Which type of government does Kim Jong-un represent?a. oligarchyb. democracyc. republicd. theocracy

____ 8. The map shows the types of governments used by nations across the world.

Which statement best describes the form of government that is most common in Europe and the Americas?a. Power is held by a small, ruling elite.b. The people elect officials to represent them in government.c. Rule of the country is passed down through family members.d. A single individual has absolute control over the government.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 9. Which of the following statements about the forms of government shown in the chart is correct?

a. The central government is strongest in a confederate system.b. Under the federal system, the states have only those powers granted by the national

government.c. In a unitary system, the central government determines which powers the local

governments have.d. Under the confederate and federal systems, local and central governments have equal

powers.____ 10. If you know that a nation uses a parliamentary system of government, but have no other information,

what do you know for certain about the structure of that government?a. who is allowed to participate in the governing processb. the geographic distribution of power in the statec. the relationship between the executive and legislative branchesd. that its laws must be collected in a written constitution

____ 11. Use this quote by the French Enlightenment thinker Baron de Montesquieu to answer the question.

“In every government there are three sorts of power; the legislative; the executive, in respect to things dependent on the law of nations; and the executive, in regard to things that depend on the civil law.”

What principle of government presented by the U.S. Constitution is Montesquieu describing?a. federalismb. republicanismc. separation of powerd. sovereignty

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 12. In what way was the government of ancient Athens different from that of the United States?a. Athens was a direct democracy in which citizens voted on laws themselves.b. Athens was an oligarchy ruled by the wealthy members of the Council of Five

Hundred.c. Athens was a republic in which the people voted for their representatives.d. Athens was an autocracy ruled by a dictator who had absolute power.

____ 13. Use the chart to answer the question.

Duties are actions a citizen is required to take. Responsibilities are actions a citizen should take. Which of the following actions is a responsibility of citizenship?a. serving on a jury if calledb. voting in electionsc. paying taxesd. registering for the draft

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 14. Use this photo to answer the question.

What argument is the cartoon making about the role of compromise in our democratic government?a. Efforts to compromise on complex issues usually cause confusion and more harm

than good.b. When there are too many compromises between the parties taking place,

government cannot work.c. Failing to compromise on major issues by finding common ground can lead to disaster

in public policy.d. The path to a compromise between political parties is usually clear and easy to

achieve.____ 15. In the United States, the concept of equality means that every individual

a. must sacrifice his or her interests so the needs of the many can be met.b. is born with as much talent and ability as everyone else.c. is entitled to receive the same treatment under the law.d. should receive the same share of worldly goods as everyone else.

____ 16. Use this quotation to answer the question.

"No freeman [person] shall be taken or imprisoned, . . . or outlawed, or banished, or in any way destroyed, unless by the lawful judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land. . . .” —Magna Carta, 1215

Which of the following principles does this quotation from the Magna Carta explain?a. guarantee of freedom of speechb. guarantee of due processc. prohibition against excessive fines and baild. protection of the right of the state to organize a militia

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 17. Use the quotation to answer the question.

"We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separately.” —Benjamin Franklin

What message was Franklin trying to convey to the Second Continental Congress when he spoke these words?a. The thirteen colonies should make peace with Great Britain since they were much

more likely to thrive as a colony than as a separate nation.b. Each of the thirteen colonies should make its own trade and other agreements with

Great Britain.c. The thirteen colonies should work together to better their chance of success of

winning independence from Great Britain.d. The thirteen colonies should enlist the support of other countries as they negotiate

with Great Britain over its colonial policies.____ 18. Which of the following MOST DIRECTLY led to the calling of the First Continental Congress?

a. the Stamp Act Congressb. the Stamp Actc. the Intolerable Actsd. the Boston Tea Party

____ 19. Read the excerpt and answer the question.

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, . . .” —The Unanimous Declaration of the Thirteen United States of America

Which of the following BEST paraphrases this statement?a. People must show allegiance to their king and country throughout their lives.b. People need to help others understand their basic rights as citizens.c. People owe their allegiance first to God, then to the monarch.d. People are born with certain rights that no one can take from them.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 20. In 1754, Ben Franklin drew this cartoon.

For what purpose did he draw it?a. to unite the colonists against French and Native American attacksb. to urge the colonists to fight the British after the British Tea Partyc. to warn the colonists about the political oppression of the Britishd. to convince the colonists to unite against British authority

____ 21. The guarantee of religious liberty found in this proposed law is the sort of guarantee of individual rights that Anti-Federalists demanded be added to the Constitution.

"We the General Assembly of Virginia do enact, that no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious Worship place or Ministry whatsoever, nor shall be enforced, restrained, molested, or burthened [burdened] in his body or goods, nor shall otherwise suffer on account of his religious opinions or belief, but that all men shall be free to profess, and by argument to maintain their opinions in matters of religion, and that the same shall in no wise [way] diminish, enlarge, or affect their civil capacities." —Virginia General Assembly, 1777

This resulting listing of basic liberties in the Constitution is calleda. the 1st Amendment.b. Article V.c. the Bill of Rights.d. the Declaration of Independence.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 22. Use the quotation to answer the question.

“. . . it is expedient that on the second Monday in May next a Convention of delegates who shall have been appointed by the several States be held in Philadelphia for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation. . . .” —The Continental Congress, 1787

This quotation is historically significant because at this meeting, the Framersa. planned to write a constitution but were delayed by delegates who would not attend

the convention.b. debated to resolve the Articles of Confederation, but ended up voting for a new

President.c. organized documents to ratify the Articles of Confederation, but could not resolve

the Virginia Plan.d. met to address the Articles of Confederation but ended up creating a new form of

government.____ 23. Use the excerpt from The Federalist essays to answer the question.

“[A] people descended from the same ancestors, speaking the same language, professing the same religion, attached to the same principles of government, very similar in their manners and customs, and who . . . have nobly established general liberty and independence.This country and this people seem to have been made for each other . . . united to each other by the strongest ties, should never be split into a number of unsocial, jealous, and alien sovereignties” —The Federalist No. 2, John Jay

Based on this excerpt, which statement best describes the Federalist view of the proposed Constitution?a. The Federalists believed that similarities of the people in the United States was a

source of strength and should be further strengthened by a strong national government.

b. The Federalists believed that similarities of the people in the United States was a weakness and could only be strengthened by a strong national government.

c. The Federalists believed that the variety of the people in the United States was a strength that could only be further strengthened by strong state government.

d. The Federalists believed that a strong national government would weaken the strength of the diversity of the American people.

____ 24. Which of the following statements best expresses the argument Alexander Hamilton is making in the quotation below?

“Laws are a dead letter without courts to expound and define their true meaning and operation.” —Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist No. 22, 1788a. Laws are of little use because Congress does not understand what they mean.b. Congress needs to carefully interpret the laws it passes to make them easily

understood.c. It is the responsibility of the courts to create laws for the good of the republic.d. The government needs courts to explain and interpret laws.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 25. What constitutional principle prevents the tyranny that James Madison describes in the quotation below from taking place?

“The accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many . . . may justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny.” —James Madison, The Federalist No. 47, 1788a. popular sovereigntyb. separation of powersc. federalismd. judicial review

____ 26. The diagram shows some of the ways the executive branch can limit the power of the other branches.

What is another way in which the executive branch can check the legislative branch that is missing from the diagram?a. approving treatiesb. impeaching judgesc. vetoing a billd. declaring acts of Congress unconstitutional

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 27. Use the photo to answer the question.

Which constitutional principle was being practiced at the event represented by this ticket?a. popular sovereigntyb. separation of powersc. federalismd. checks and balances

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 28. Use the chart to help you answer the question.

Which statement describes the method missing from the chart by which a constitutional amendment can be ratified?a. A pro-ratification vote by 2/3 of the State governorsb. A pro-ratification vote by 3/4 of the members of each house of Congressc. A pro-ratification vote by 3/4 of the State legislaturesd. A pro-ratification vote by 2/3 of the voters in a national referendum

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 29. Use the chart to answer the question.

If you wanted to gather a group of friends and respectfully protest against a new law, on which amendment’s protections would you rely?a. 1st Amendmentb. 2nd Amendmentc. 4th Amendmentd. 5th Amendment

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 30. Use the chart to answer the question.

Which statement best describes the intent of the 10th Amendment?a. It is designed to make the States more powerful than the Federal Government by

granting them extra powers.b. It seeks to limit the influence of the States by prohibiting them from exercising

certain powers.c. It is an effort to promote a balance of power between the Federal and State

governments in the federal system.d. It has the goal of forcing the States to request new constitutional amendments to

expand their powers.____ 31. Identify which fact about the amendment process best supports this quotation from the lesson text.

“The formal amendment process emphasizes the federal character of the governmental system.”a. Amending the Constitution is a complex process that usually takes years to

accomplish.b. Congress sends very few amendments on to the States for consideration.c. The chief executive has the ability to influence the amendment process, but has no

power to ratify amendments.d. The National and State governments must work together to propose and ratify a

constitutional amendment.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 32. What argument was Oliver Wendell Holmes making in this quotation about how our federal system works?

“I do not think the United States would come to an end if we [the Court] lost our power to declare an Act of Congress void. I do think the Union would be imperiled if we could not make that declaration as to the laws of the several States.” —Justice Oliver Wendell Holmesa. Laws passed by State governments are so varied and numerous that the Federal

Government should have no say over their constitutionality.b. Congress does not pass unconstitutional laws, so there is less need for the Supreme

Court to review those laws.c. All State laws should be reviewed by the Supreme Court to keep the federal system

running.d. The Supreme Court needs to be able to settle disputes between the States and the

Federal Government by reviewing the constitutionality of State laws.____ 33. The chart lists some of the powers denied to the Federal Government.

An explicitly denied power is a power banned outright by the Constitution. An implicitly denied power is a power banned, but not directly mentioned in the Constitution. Which one of the following powers is implicitly denied to the Federal Government, and could go in the empty place on the chart?a. ban freedom of religionb. tax State or local governmentsc. conduct an illegal search or seizured. set punishments for crimes

____ 34. Which of the following powers is a concurrent power shared by both the Federal Government and the State governments?a. making treaties or forming alliances with foreign governmentsb. regulating public utilities such as gas or electric powerc. levying and collecting taxes from businesses and citizensd. collecting duties or tariffs on imported goods

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 35. The map shows the years that various states were admitted into the Union.

Note the date of California’s admission compared to its neighbors. Based on your knowledge of the terms under which States are admitted, what does this suggest?a. California was settled after its neighboring States because it was further west and

therefore it applied for statehood later.b. California was the first State in the region to write a State constitution and so could

apply earlier for statehood.c. California had a higher population than its neighbors and thus met the requirement

for a territory to apply for statehood before they did.d. California was simply admitted to the Union at the request of the President.

____ 36. This clause in the Constitution is used to justify what type of action by the Federal Government?

[Congress has the power] “to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defense and general welfare of the United States.” —Article I, Section 8, Clause 1a. sending federal troops into a State to settle unrest thereb. admitting a new State into the Union on equal footing with existing Statesc. allowing States to make interstate compacts among themselvesd. providing federal grants-in-aid to State governments in many policy areas

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 37. What is the best summary of this quotation?

“Congress has a split personality. On the one hand, it is a lawmaking institution and makes policy for the entire nation. In this capacity, all the members are expected to set aside their personal ambitions and perhaps even the concerns of their constituencies. Yet Congress is also a representative assembly, made up of 535 elected officials who serve as links between their constituents and the National Government. The dual roles of making laws and responding to constituents’ demands forces members to balance national concerns against the specific interests of their States or districts."—James M. Burns, et al., Government by the Peoplea. Representatives and senators should spend most of their time drafting and passing

new laws.b. Members of Congress must balance the interests of their constituencies along with

national concerns.c. The primary purpose of Congress is to serve the interests of the American people.d. It is impossible for representatives and senators to balance their roles at work along

with their home lives.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 38. Read the chart. Then choose the answer that best completes the statement.

Based on this chart, a senator’s role as a politician might interfere with his or her role asa. a servant, because it could prevent her from drafting a bill that her constituents

support.b. a legislator, because it could prevent him from reviewing bills for the entire chamber

to vote on.c. a representative, because it could prevent her from supporting bills that would benefit

her State.d. a committee member, because it could prevent him from visiting constituents and

attending functions.____ 39. Which statement best explains the oversight function of congressional committees?

a. It protects the President from overreach by the Senate and the House.b. It is one of the checks the legislative branch holds over the executive branch.c. It prevents members of the majority party from steamrolling members of the

minority party.d. It ensures that the judicial branch interprets laws as the members of Congress

intended.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 40. This graph compares the number of congressional members from the first Congress to 2012.

Which statement is most likely supported by the graph?a. The number of senators rose from 1900 to 2012 as several States were added to the

Union.b. The number of representatives rose from the First Congress to 1800 as a result of the

passing of the Reapportionment Act.c. The number of senators rose from 1850 to 1900 because of the number of

immigrants who came to the United States.d. The number of representatives rose from 1850 to 1900 as a result of the passage of

the Seventeenth Amendment.____ 41. Read this quotation from President Wilson and then answer the question.

“'It is indispensable that besides the House of Representatives which runs on all fours with popular sentiment, we should have a body like the Senate which may refuse to run with it at all when it seems to be wrong—a body which has time and security enough to keep its head, if only now and then and but for a little while, till other people have had time to think."—Woodrow Wilson, Congressional Government

According to President Wilson, how should the Senate function?a. The Senate should be more measured in its thinking than the House.b. The Senate should be swayed by the immediate impact of current events.c. The Senate should always stand in opposition to the concerns of House members.d. The Senate should primarily work to address the short-term concerns of constituents.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 42. Read this excerpt from the United States Constitution.

“To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;” —Article I, Section 8

This section of the Constitution relates toa. the implied powers of the executive branch.b. the expressed powers of the executive branch.c. the implied powers of the legislative branch.d. the expressed powers of the legislative branch.

____ 43. Read this excerpt from the text about foreign policy in the United States.

“The Constitution gives the President primary responsibility for the conduct of American foreign policy. As the Supreme Court put that point in a leading case, United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. in 1936, the Chief Executive is ‘the sole organ of the Federal Government in the field of international relations.'"

The Constitution provides the President with this power becausea. the executive branch best understands how to handle foreign policy.b. the fifty States are not sovereign and, therefore, have no standing in international

law.c. it is nearly impossible to gain consensus in Congress in matters related to foreign

affairs.d. senators and representatives are too focused on domestic issues to address

international policy.____ 44. Read this excerpt from the text.

“The Framers of the Constitution intended to create a new and stronger National Government. The ratification of their plan was opposed by many, and that opposition was not stilled by the adoption of the Constitution. Rather, the conflict between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists continued into the early years of the Republic.”

What was the ultimate resolution of this conflict in the McCulloch v. Maryland case?a. The strict constructionists prevailed and the implied powers of the Federal

Government were cemented and have grown ever since.b. The strict constructionists prevailed and the implied powers of the Federal

Government were curtailed and have lessened ever since.c. The liberal constructionists prevailed and the implied powers of the Federal

Government were cemented and have grown ever since.d. The liberal constructionists prevailed and the implied powers of the Federal

Government were curtailed and have lessened ever since.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 45. Read this excerpt from the text about the power of Congress to carry out investigations.

“Both houses may choose to conduct investigations for any one or a number of reasons. Most often, those inquiries are held to (1) gather information necessary to the framing of legislation, (2) oversee the operations of various agencies in the executive branch, (3) focus public attention on some particular matter, (4) expose the questionable activities of some public official or private person or group, and/or (5) promote the particular interests of some members of Congress.”

A recent investigation into the unfair process of reviewing tax exemptions within the IRS by groups called "Patriots" would fall undera. the first reason.b. the second reason.c. the third reason.d. the fourth reason.

____ 46. What is one way the Speaker of the House differs from the president of the Senate?a. The Speaker of the House is not a member of his or her chamber, while the president

of the Senate is a member of his or her chamber.b. The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the upper chamber, while the

president of the Senate is the presiding officer of the lower chamber.c. The Speaker of the House is voted into the position by colleagues, while the Vice

President of the United States serves as president of the Senate.d. The Speaker of the House is typically from the minority party, while the president of

the Senate is typically from the majority party.____ 47. Read this quotation from the United States Senate website.

“The chair of each committee and a majority of its members represent the majority party. The chair primarily controls a committee’s business. Each party assigns its own members to committees, and each committee distributes its members among its subcommittees. The Senate places limits on the number and types of panels any one senator may serve on and chair.”—The United States Senate

What would most likely happen in the wake of the Democrats taking over the Senate from the Republicans after an election?a. The chairs would be replaced by Democratic senators while most of the committee

members would remain Republican.b. Both the chairs and most of the Democratic committee members would be replaced

by Republicans.c. Both the chairs and most of the Republican committee members would be replaced by

Democrats.d. The chairs would be replaced by Republican senators while most of the committee

members would remain Democratic.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 48. This diagram shows the first steps to a bill becoming a law.

What happens immediately after the sixth step?a. The President decides whether or not to sign the bill.b. The subcommittee in the other chamber now votes on the bill.c. Members of both chambers take conference action on the bill.d. The subcommittee in the other chamber now begins to process the bill.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 49. This chart shows the final steps to a bill becoming a law.

Why is step 11 an important part of the process?a. It allows for settling any differences over the bill.b. It helps Congress override a presidential objection to the bill.c. It results in the bill being placed on one of the five calendars.d. It leads to the first floor debate on the bill in either chamber.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 50. Read this excerpt from the text:

“Sections 3 and 4 of the 25th Amendment fill the disability gap. . . . The Vice President is to become Acting President if (1) the President informs Congress, in writing, 'that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office,' or (2) the Vice President and a majority of the members of the Cabinet inform Congress, in writing, that the President is so incapacitated. The President may resume the powers and duties of the office by informing Congress by 'written declaration' that no inability exists. However, the Vice President and a majority of the Cabinet may challenge the President on this score. If they do, Congress has 21 days in which to decide the matter.”

Suppose the President were badly injured, and unable to inform the Vice President that he could not discharge the power and duties of his office. How would power be transferred to the Vice President?a. Congress would appoint the Vice President as Acting President but would need the

approval of a majority of the members of the Cabinet.b. The Vice President would automatically become Acting President but would need the

approval of Congress.c. The Vice President alone would inform Congress in writing that the President was

incapacitated.d. The Vice President and a majority of the members of the Cabinet would inform

Congress in writing that the President was incapacitated.____ 51. Which statement BEST expresses what the photograph of Vice President Joe Biden shows about the role

of modern Vice Presidents?

a. Among the expanded responsibilities of the Vice President is the role of acting

commander in chief.b. The Vice President now plays a larger part in managing government spending.c. The Vice President often has an important role in diplomacy with other nations.d. The Vice President sometimes takes the place of the President as chief citizen.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 52. Study the outline.

Which of the following phrases BEST completes the outline?a. national electionsb. technological advancesc. natural disastersd. expanded transportation systems

____ 53. Read this excerpt from the text:

“In 1952, at the height of the Korean War, a labor dispute threatened to shut down the nation’s steel industry and imperil the war effort. To avert a strike, President Harry Truman, acting as commander in chief, ordered the Secretary of Commerce to seize and operate several steel mills. But the Supreme Court found that here the President had overstepped his constitutional authority. It held that only Congress, acting under its commerce power, could authorize the seizure of private property in time of war, and it had not done so.”

This is an example ofa. the judicial branch limiting the legislative branch.b. the legislative branch limiting the executive branch.c. the judicial branch limiting the executive branch.d. the legislative branch limiting the judicial branch.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 54. Read this excerpt from the text:

“At times, a President has had to turn to roundabout methods in order to achieve his [treaty] goals. When a Senate minority defeated a treaty to annex Texas, President John Tyler was able to bring about annexation in 1845 by encouraging passage of a joint resolution—a move that required only a majority vote in each house. In 1898, President William McKinley used the same tactic to annex Hawaii."

What does this excerpt illustrate about the process of approving treaties?a. The treaty-making process must be followed exactly as described in the Constitution.b. A treaty is not the only tool a President can use to make agreements with other

countries.c. The treaty-making process is usually controlled by a Senate minority.d. A treaty can be approved by the House of Representatives instead of the Senate.

____ 55. Read this excerpt from the text:

“Congress has not declared war since World War II. On eight occasions since then, however, it has enacted joint resolutions to authorize the President to meet certain international crises with military force.”

Which is the STRONGEST conclusion that can be drawn based on this statement?a. Congress and the President are often in conflict about when to declare war.b. Congress and the President do everything they can to avoiding using military force.c. The Constitution is flexible enough to allow Congress and the President to meet

crises in a number of ways.d. The Constitution has many checks and balances for how the government deals with

foreign policy.____ 56. Read this passage from the War Powers Resolution of 1973:

“(c) The constitutional powers of the President as Commander-in-Chief to introduce United States Armed Forces into hostilities, or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, are exercised only pursuant to (1) a declaration of war, (2) specific statutory authorization, or (3) a national emergency created by attack upon the United States, its territories or possessions, or its armed forces.”

What is the intent of this section of the document?a. to expand Congress' power to authorize the President to commit the U.S. to military

actionb. to give Congress the authorization to commit the U.S. to military actionc. to expand the power of the United States Armed Forces to initiate military activity

on their ownd. to limit the President’s power to commit the U.S. to military action without meeting

certain conditions

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 57. The chart shows information about some parts of the Executive Office of the President.

Which of the following BEST completes the chart?a. Is the President’s “right arm”b. Acts as a presidential “handy man”c. Prepares presidential executive ordersd. Consults with the President on foreign affairs

____ 58. Read the quotation from Alexander Hamilton.

“. . . the true test of a good government is its aptitude and tendency to produce a good administration.”—Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist, No. 76

To what does Hamilton MOST LIKELY refer when he writes of “a good administration”?a. the executive branchb. the legislative branchc. the judicial branchd. the State governments

____ 59. An official representative of the United States appointed by the President to represent the nation in matters of diplomacy is calleda. a commandant.b. an ambassador.c. a foreign national.d. the secretary of state.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 60. “During the years the Articles of Confederation were in force (1781–1789), there were no national courts and no national judiciary. The laws of the United States were interpreted and applied as each State saw fit, and sometimes not at all. Disputes between States and between persons who lived in different States were decided, if at all, by the courts in one of the States involved. Often, decisions by the courts in one State were ignored by courts in the other States.”

This excerpt from the text explains whya. delegates to the Constitutional Convention wanted checks and balances among the

branches of government.b. the Framers of the Articles of Confederation felt there was no need for a national

Judiciary.c. the Framers of the Constitution thought it was important to have a national

Judiciary.d. many members of Congress felt there was no need for a strong federal government.

____ 61. Why did the Constitution provide for two separate court systems?a. to keep the federal court system from being overwhelmedb. to establish the federal court system as having more power than State courtsc. to maintain a balance of power between the Federal Government and the Statesd. to strengthen the balance of power between the three branches of Federal

Government

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 62. Use the information and examples in the chart to help answer the question.

Which of these cases would be tried in a federal court?a. A trio of men rob a bank in Vermont but aren't arrested until after having fled to

Maine.b. A resident of Oregon accuses a resident of Florida of stealing $50,000.c. A thief is arrested immediately after robbing a couple vacationing in Chicago.d. A woman buys a bicycle from a neighborhood shop and later claims it is defective.

____ 63. Read this excerpt from the text.

“The trial of a person charged with a federal crime, or a suit involving the infringement of a patent or a copyright, or one involving any other matter arising out of an act of Congress is . . . within the . . . jurisdiction of the federal courts."

In a patent case being heard for the first time, this is an example ofa. concurrent jurisdiction.b. exclusive jurisdiction.c. appellate jurisdiction.d. local jurisdiction.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 64. What is the difference between original jurisdiction and appellate jurisdiction?a. Original jurisdiction refers to a case being heard in a federal court; appellate

jurisdiction refers to a case being heard in a State court.b. Original jurisdiction refers to criminal or civil cases; appellate jurisdiction refers to

only to civil cases.c. Original jurisdiction refers to a case that could be heard in a federal or a State court;

appellate jurisdiction refers to a case that must be heard in a federal court.d. Original jurisdiction refers to a court where a case is first heard; appellate jurisdiction

refers to a case being heard after it was tried in a lower court.____ 65. How are federal judges selected?

a. The person is named to the bench by the President and confirmed by the Senate.b. The person is named to the bench by the President and does not need to be

confirmed.c. The person is publicly elected to the bench and confirmed by the Senate.d. The person is nominated by the Senate and chosen by the President.

____ 66. “The interpretation of the laws is the proper and peculiar province of the courts. A constitution is, in fact, and must be regarded by the judges as a fundamental law. . . . If there should happen to be an irreconcilable variance between the two . . . the Constitution ought to be preferred to the statute. . . .” —Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist No. 78

Hamilton's statement is fundamental to which concept?a. judicial reviewb. federalismc. limited governmentd. popular sovereignty

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 67. Choose the answer that best completes the chart about how a case gets to the Supreme Court.

a. Declares the law involved in the case to be unconstitutional.b. Sends the case to Congress to decide on the legality of the law involved.c. Sends the case back to the lower court for reconsideration.d. Passes the case on to a higher court.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 68. What view does this cartoon best illustrate?

a. The Supreme Court should not issue dissenting opinions.b. The Supreme Court believes that politics should not interfere with legal decisions.c. The Supreme Court files briefs in a harmful fashion.d. The Supreme Court always sides against the States in decisions related to elections.

____ 69. A soldier in the U.S. Army does not return to his post following a leave and is charged with desertion. In which court would his case be heard?a. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuitb. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forcesc. court-martiald. Court of Federal Claims

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 70. Read the excerpt from the text and then answer the question.

"[Congress can] make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory . . . belonging to the United States. . . .”

Under this act, a case involving a contractor based in Washington, D.C., disputing building regulations in the U.S. Virgin Islands would come under the jurisdiction of which of the following?a. the United States Tax Courtb. the territorial courtsc. the District of Columbia Courtsd. the United States Supreme Court

____ 71. Read this excerpt from the text.

“In some respects, the application of the Bill of Rights to the States is noncontroversial. Most agree, for instance, that States should not be allowed to abridge an individual’s freedom of speech or right to assemble. In fact, as you know, most State constitutions detail many of the same protections found in the United States Constitution. But in other ways, the incorporation process has had an impact on federalism.”

Which example could be used to support this statement?a. The States have been required to establish a republican form of government.b. The States have been required to change their law enforcement policies to protect

criminal defendants.c. The States have been required to amend their Constitutions to include a bill of rights.d. The States have been required to increase their independence from the Federal

Government.____ 72. Read the excerpt from the text.

“The Court introduced a three-pronged standard, now known as the Lemon test, to decide whether a State law amounts to an 'establishment' of religion. That standard states: (1) a law must have a secular, not religious, purpose; (2) it must neither advance nor inhibit religion; and (3) it must not foster an 'excessive entanglement' of government and religion.”

How has the Lemon test affected Supreme Court rulings about public aid to church-related schools?a. The Court has used the Lemon test to ban all public funding to religiously affiliated

schools.b. The Court has interpreted the Lemon test in a way that allows most public funding of

religious schools to continue.c. The Court has used the Lemon test to rule that most public aid to religious schools is

unconstitutional.d. The Court has abandoned the Lemon test in recent rulings and is establishing a new

standard.____ 73. Which constitutional clause is used as the basis for the separation of church and State at the federal level

of the U.S. government?a. Due Process Clauseb. Establishment Clausec. Free Exercise Claused. Taking Clause

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 74. Read this excerpt from the Supreme Court’s ruling in the freedom of expression case West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette.

“But freedom to differ is not limited to things that do not matter much. That would be a mere shadow of freedom. The test of its substance is the right to differ as to things that touch the heart of the existing order. . . . If there is any fixed star in our constitutional constellation, it is that no official, high or petty, can prescribe what shall be orthodox in politics, nationalism, religion, or other matters of opinion, or force citizens to confess by word or act their faith therein.”—West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette, 1943

What statement BEST expresses what the Court is saying about freedom of expression?a. Freedom of expression must first pass a test based on political and religious standards

before it is acceptable.b. Freedom of expression means that people cannot be required to say or believe in

specific political or religious ideas.c. Freedom of expression is fine as long as the ideas being expressed deal with personal

opinions rather than important topics.d. Freedom of expression needs to take into account the political and religious beliefs of

others so that it is not offensive.____ 75. Review the two categories of due process shown here, then choose the example that would represent a

violation of procedural due process.

a. The law requires all citizens to show a valid form of photo ID when applying for a

job.b. A police department has an official policy that it will not hire women to drive patrol

cars.c. A person is sent to prison without first being advised of what crime he or she has

committed.d. A government agency requires all of its employees to belong to a specific political

party.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 76. Read the following excerpt from the text describing 1st Amendment rights.

“The Constitution protects the right of the people to assemble to express their views. It protects their right to organize to influence public policy, whether in political parties, interest groups, or other organizations. It also protects the people’s right to petition—to bring their views to the attention of public officials by such varied means as written petitions, letters, or advertisements; lobbying; and parades or marches.”

Which of these actions would be an UNCONSTITUTIONAL violation of rights?a. The police arrest a group of civil rights activists who have committed an act of civil

disobedience.b. The local authorities refuse to issue a parade permit to a group who wants to march

past a school during school hours.c. The police arrest a man for giving a speech that urges the violent overthrow of the

government.d. The authorities refuse to give a demonstration permit to a group that wants to hold a

rally promoting racist beliefs.____ 77. Read the following excerpt from the Supreme Court’s ruling in Stanley v. Georgia.

“The makers of our Constitution undertook to secure conditions favorable to the pursuit of happiness . . . . They sought to protect Americans in their beliefs, their thoughts, their emotions and their sensations. They conferred, as against the Government, the right to be let alone—the most comprehensive of rights and the right most valued by civilized man."—Stanley v. Georgia

In this quotation, the Court sought toa. limit the power of the police to conduct searches.b. link the right of privacy to the original intention of the Framers of the Constitution.c. deal with the government’s power of eminent domain.d. emphasize the government's authority to conduct drunk driving tests, later applied in

Schmerber v. California.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 78. Study the examples given in the table. Then select the current legal requirements for the two types of searches that have been left blank.

a. No warrant required to search a stopped automobile. No warrant required to wiretap a

person’s phone conversations.b. Warrant required from a judge before searching a stopped automobile. Warrant

required to wiretap a phone because it violates privacy.c. Warrant required to search a stopped automobile. No warrant required to wiretap a

person's phone conversations.d. No warrant required to search a stopped automobile. Warrant required to wiretap

except in cases of suspected terrorist activity.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 79. If this man has been charged with a federal crime, which amendment protects the right he is exercising in this conversation with his lawyer?

a. 1st Amendmentb. 4th Amendmentc. 5th Amendmentd. 6th Amendment

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 80. Read this excerpt from the Supreme Court ruling in Miranda v. Arizona, issued by Justice Earl Warren. Then identify what type of right is being discussed.

“The prosecution may not use statements . . . stemming from questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after a person has been taken into custody or otherwise deprived of his freedom of action in any significant way, unless it demonstrates the use of procedural safeguards effective to secure the Fifth Amendment's privilege against self-incrimination.”—Justice Earl Warrena. right of privacyb. right to trial by juryc. guarantee against self-incriminationd. security of home and person

____ 81. A writ of habeus corpus is aa. court order preventing an unjust arrest or imprisonment.b. legislative act that inflicts punishment without a court trial.c. law applied to an act committed before the law was passed.d. formal complaint to a grand jury that accuses someone with a crime.

____ 82. Which of the following examples are not grounds for losing one's American citizenship?a. Attaining citizenship in another country, such as Great Britain.b. Marrying a citizen of a foreign country.c. Serving as an officer in the armed forces of a foreign country.d. Taking an oath to a foreign state to accept employment there.

____ 83. Read the quotation and then answer the question.

"[When] the University of Texas Law School is compared with . . . [the] law school for Negroes, we cannot find substantial equality in the educational opportunities offered white and Negro law students by the state. . . . We hold that the _________________ requires that petitioner be admitted to the University of Texas Law School."—Chief Justice Fred Vinson, Opinion of the Court, Sweatt v. Painter (1950)

Analyze the quotation and then select the phrase that correctly completes the excerpt.a. 13th Amendmentb. Civil Rights Actc. Due Process Clause of the 5th Amendmentd. Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment

____ 84. What is the central legal reason for why gender discrimination cases are different from racial discrimination? a. The Constitution makes little specific reference to gender.b. Gender discrimination is easier to prove in court.c. Men have long been perceived in the United States as the primary workers and

earners.d. Fewer judges are willing to hear gender discrimination cases.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 85.

According to this chart, how does the 1975 amendment to the Voting Rights Act differ from the law passed in 1992? a. The 1975 amendment demanded polling places provide materials in languages other

than English, while the law passed in 1992 ensured the right to vote for Native Americans, Asian Americans, Alaskan Natives, and voters of Spanish heritage.

b. The 1975 amendment demanded polling places provide materials for a sizable community of non-English speakers, while the law passed in 1992 ensured that even small communities would have materials in the necessary language.

c. The 1975 amendment prevented discrimination against voters whose first language was not English, while the law passed in 1992 was the first time non-English speakers were provided materials in the necessary language.

d. The 1975 amendment called for bilingual voting materials in areas with a sizable community of non-English speakers, while the law passed in 1992 banned literacy tests to prevent discrimination against non-English speakers.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 86. Use this excerpt from the text to answer the question.

“Nearly every State does prohibit transients, persons who plan to live in a State for only a short time, from gaining legal residence status there. Thus, a traveling sales agent, a member of the armed services, or a college student usually cannot vote in a State where he or she has only a temporary physical presence.”

What is one reason States adopt residence requirements that prohibit transients from voting?a. to stop a political machine from influencing electionsb. to prevent aliens from becoming naturalized citizensc. to discourage military servicemen from settling in the new Stated. to encourage all transients to become permanent residents

____ 87. Read this excerpt from an opinion in a U.S. Supreme Court case about voter ID laws.

“Indiana’s ‘Voter ID Law’ threatens to impose nontrivial burdens on the voting right of tens of thousands of the State’s citizens . . . and a significant percentage of those individuals are likely to be deterred from voting . . . . a State may not burden the right to vote merely by invoking abstract interests, . . . but must make a particular, factual showing that threats to its interests outweigh the particular impediments it has imposed. The State has made no such justification here. . . .” —Justice David Souter, Crawford v. Marion County Election Board, 2008.

This is a dissenting opinion thata. opposes voting ID laws that might discourage certain members of the public from

voting.b. opposes voting ID laws that impose a burden on State precincts and poll workers.c. supports voting ID laws that prevent fraud and other threats to fair elections.d. supports voting ID laws that might encourage those citizens with criminal

backgrounds to vote.____ 88. Read this quote from a letter Thomas Jefferson wrote in 1823.

“The force of public opinion cannot be resisted, when permitted freely to be expressed. The agitation it produces must be submitted to. It is necessary, to keep the waters pure.” —Thomas Jefferson, Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, November 4, 1823

With which statement would Jefferson most likely agree?a. The term public opinion is widely misunderstood and, therefore misapplied, by most

people.b. The “public” holds competing opinions on almost every issue in American politics.c. The results of public opinion polls should be kept secret until all the votes have been

cast in an election.d. The expression of public opinion, whether through protests, editorials, or votes,

should be welcomed.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 89. This chart compares two types of public opinion polls.

What is one of the benefits of conducting a straw poll?a. It uses sophisticated questions for highly accurate results.b. It can reach a sampling from many groups in the voting public.c. It can ask the same question of a large group of people.d. It is the only way to gauge the views of the majority.

____ 90. Some people object to single-party voting as lacking serious consideration of the candidates and the issues at stake. What is the best counterargument to the criticism?a. Most political parties are corrupt, so it really doesn't matter whom someone votes

for.b. Political parties stand for certain principles, so anyone running under a party banner

likely holds similar views.c. It ultimately matters more which party is in the majority, rather than who sits in

each individual legislative seat.d. The decentralized nature of political parties means that the person who is elected will

have less power than the party chairperson.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 91. Read this excerpt from the text and answer the question.

"The nominating process for filling offices also has a very real impact on the right to vote. In the typical election in this country, voters can choose between only two candidates for each office on the ballot. They can vote for the Republican or they can vote for the Democratic candidate. Other choices are sometimes listed, but they are not often meaningful alternatives. Most voters choose not to 'waste' their votes on candidates who cannot win. This is another way of saying that we have a two-party system in the United States. It is also another way to say that the nominating stage is a critically important step in the electoral process. Those who make nominations place real, very practical limits on the choices that voters can make in the general election."

Which of the following would be most likely to occur if there were no nominating step in American electoral politics?a. Many people would run and the best, most qualified candidate would win.b. Many people would run and the winner would be elected with a relatively small

percentage of the vote.c. Fewer people would run and most votes would be "wasted."d. Fewer people would run and the differences between the candidates would be made

very stark.____ 92. It takes 270 electoral votes to win a presidential election. Using the information from the map, which

statement is true about presidential elections?

a. The presidency can be decided by as few as 11 states.b. A loss in California can be offset by winning Florida and Pennsylvania.c. The region of the country with the most electoral votes is the Midwest.d. A candidate who wins the Northeast is more than halfway to winning the presidency.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 93. Based on the information in the chart, which statement is most likely true?

a. In the future, overall spending will likely increase, but spending per voter will

decrease.b. In the future, overall spending will likely increase, but voter turnout will decrease.c. In the future, overall spending will likely decrease, but spending per voter will likely

increase.d. In the future, overall spending will likely increase, and spending per voter will also

likely increase.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 94. Use the excerpt from the text to answer the question.

"A minor party’s candidate can also qualify for the FEC funding, but none does so automatically. For a minor party nominee to be eligible, his or her party must either (1) have won at least five percent of the popular vote in the last presidential election, or (2) win at least that much of the total vote in the current election."

What is the best reason why the FEC has these funding qualifying rules for minor party presidential candidates?a. Minor parties must demonstrate they have a solid base of support before receiving

tax payer monies.b. The FEC wants to encourage candidates to self-finance their campaigns.c. Funding from the FEC to minor parties does not have to be disclosed, so the rules are

more strict.d. The Democratic and Republican parties have influenced the FEC to discourage third

party candidates.____ 95. The congressional “power of the purse” relates to the ability of Congress to control the

a. taxing of all individuals who earn an income on U.S. soil.b. taxing of all corporations that receive an income on U.S. soil.c. financing of the Federal Government and all of its operations.d. financing of State and local governments and all of their operations.

____ 96. Examine the table. Then identify the missing principle of government that is found in all State constitutions.

a. Bicameral Legislatureb. Constitutional Preamblec. Popular Referendumd. Popular Sovereignty

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 97. Which method is most often used to propose amendments to State constitutions?a. A constitutional convention is held to propose amendments.b. A petition proposes the amendment and begins the initiative process.c. A new amendment is proposed in a session of the legislature.d. A governor proposes the amendment in a State address.

____ 98. Read this excerpt from the text about State legislators. What factor listed below is one of the widely accepted explanations for the situation being described in the excerpt?

“The rate of turnover in legislative seats is fairly high, although it tends to vary from State to State and time to time. In a given year, some 20 percent of all lawmakers around the country are serving their first term in office.”

a. lack of qualified candidates for officeb. political stability in districtsc. poor voter turnout in electionsd. term limits on legislators

____ 99. Which of the following statements describes the governor’s role in creating the State budget?a. The governor creates the budget and the State legislature and agencies must accept it.b. The governor proposes the budget, which the other executive officers then vote on.c. The governor proposes the budget, which the State legislature may then modify.d. The governor’s only role is to sign or veto the State budget proposed and passed by

the legislature.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____100. Based on what you have learned about the types of State courts, what types of cases would be heard in a place like the one shown in this photo?

a. an important criminal caseb. an appeal of a civil or criminal casec. a misdemeanor or other minor cased. a case involving a minor under the age of 18

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____101.

Which political leader is described above?a. George Washingtonb. Oliver Ellsworthc. Thomas Jeffersond. William Patterson

____102. How did the creators of the Declaration of Independence reach a compromise on a controversial issue confronting them?a. They avoided discussion of the rights of women.b. They removed lines from the document about the slave trade.c. They chose a middle course concerning the rights of citizens to keep and bear arms.d. They moderated language in the document referring to "unalienable rights."

____103. Which beliefs and principles in the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution helped create a national identity?a. Belief in God, allegiance to popular sovereignty, and states' rightsb. Free enterprise system, free trade system, and separation of powersc. Individual freedom, political equality, and unalienable rightsd. Powerful executive branch, judicial review, and bicameral legislature

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____104.

Which choice finishes the chart?a. Appoint federal officialsb. Levy and collect taxesc. Make treaties with foreign powersd. Regulate interstate commerce

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____105.

Study the chart. Why do you think the Founding Fathers called for differences between the House of Representatives and the Senate in the qualifications, terms of office, and the election cycle of members?a. They wanted to synchronize the terms of senators with presidential elections.b. They wanted the Senate to be a more deliberative body, insulated to some degree

from passing political fashions.c. They wanted members of the House to be groomed for membership in the Senate.d. They wanted the Senate to be entirely independent of the House of Representatives.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____106.

Analyze this flowchart outlining the procedure for enacting laws in the legislative branch of government. Which item best completes the chart?a. Constitutional amendmentb. Popular referendumc. Conference committee actiond. Suspension of the rules

____107. “It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is.”—Marbury v. Madison, 1803

Why was the Supreme Court's decision in Marbury v. Madison significant in shaping the structure of the U.S. government? a. Because Jefferson tried to remove members of the Supreme Courtb. Because the Supreme Court claimed the right to declare acts of Congress

unconstitutionalc. Because Jefferson tried to appoint more Supreme Court justices than was allowed

under the Constitutiond. Because the Supreme Court declared the judicial branch more powerful than the

executive branch

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____108.

Which of the following correctly fills in the blank?a. Government and religionb. Education and religionc. The press and religiond. Taxes and religion

____109. The case of Schenck v. United States (1919) concerned protest activities against American involvement in World War I. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. said that trying to convince draft-age men to resist induction was intended to result in a crime, and posed a "clear and present danger" of succeeding. The Supreme Court decision in the case relates to a limitation on which of the following?a. Freedom of the pressb. Free exercise of religionc. Freedom of speechd. Cruel and unusual punishments

____110. “Speech is powerful. It can stir people to action, move them to tears of both joy and sorrow, and . . . inflict great pain. On the facts before us, we cannot react to that pain by punishing the speaker. As a nation, we have chosen a different course—to protect even hurtful speech on public issues to ensure that we do not stifle public debate.”

This quotation from Justice Roberts’s opinion in Snyder v. Phelps relates to which of the following?a. The 1st Amendmentb. The 2nd Amendmentc. The 4th Amendmentd. The 6th Amendment

____111. Which of the following is the best definition of the term due process of law?a. Government must not enact too many laws or regulations.b. Government must act fairly and in accordance with established rules.c. The people must be given regular opportunities to approve or disapprove laws made

by government.d. Office holders and officials must be bound by the laws.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____112. “Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other ‘tangible’ factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does. . . To separate them from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone. . . . Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”

— Chief Justice Earl Warren

Chief Justice Earl Warren’s ruling was influential because—a. it held that public schools could not be segregated by raceb. it held that public schools should have equal access to financial fundsc. it held that public schools did not violate separate-but-equal lawsd. it held that public schools should have equal facilities for all races

____113. Evaluate what you know about the role of third parties in the United States. Which statement about candidates from third and minor parties is most accurate?a. They are often willing to be more honest and take definite stands on controversial

issues.b. They are usually less informed about important issues than the candidates from the

major parties are.c. Their supporters are usually less involved in politics than the supporters of

major-party candidates.d. Their ideas about difficult issues are usually more popular than the ideas of candidates

from major parties.____114. Which of the following is a major difference between the role of government in a capitalist system and a

socialist system?a. Unlike a capitalist system, the government controls many of the important industries

in a socialist system.b. Unlike a capitalist system, the government provides no protections of individual

rights in a socialist system.c. Unlike a socialist system, the government controls the prices at which good are sold

in a capitalist system.d. Unlike a socialist system, the government sets policy to achieve economic equality in

a capitalist system.____115. Which two principles are the foundation of every State’s constitution?

a. powers and processb. popular sovereignty and limited governmentc. structure and civil rightsd. fundamental law and civil rights

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____116. Which statement best summarizes why a free press is essential to a democracy and is usually suppressed by authoritarian governments?a. A free press is an important tool for keeping the media honest, ensuring that political

parties hold fair elections and offer qualified candidates.b. A free press is a source of individual opinions, a forum that serves as the most reliable

source of nonpartisan political news and information for citizens.c. A free press is an expression of freedom of speech, a foundation of democracy that

limits the power of government by allowing citizens to openly criticize it.d. A free press is a place for open debate, guaranteeing that civilian desires are taken

into consideration by government in national and international matters.____117. “The party holds authority over regional government officials, controls their policies, and determines

personnel decisions.

. . . [T]he media or interest groups seen in constitutional republics like the United States do not influence governing decisions. In fact, the media are controlled and regulated by the government, including tight restrictions over the Internet.”

To what form of government is this excerpt referring?a. Socialistb. Democracyc. Communistd. Parliamentary

____118. In what way are representative democracy and the free enterprise system similar?a. Both are designed to protect the rights of individuals.b. Both are regulated by a central government.c. Both are types of political systems.d. Both are based on the principles of individual liberty and choice.

____119. Which of the following accurately summarizes the different purposes of the First and the Second Continental Congresses?a. The First Continental Congress was held to write new laws for the colonies, while the

Second Continental Congress implemented those laws.b. The First Continental Congress was held to write new State constitutions, while the

Second Continental Congress ratified those constitutions.c. The First Continental Congress was held to limit the authority of royal governors in

the colonies, while the Second Continental Congress issued the Declaration of Rights.d. The First Continental Congress was held to determine a response to British policies,

while the Second Continental Congress governed the nation during the Revolutionary War.

____120. Which of the following events happened FIRST?a. The colonies declared their independence from Great Britain.b. The States began to adopt written constitutions.c. The Stamp Act Congress met in New York.d. The colonies rejected Benjamin Franklin's Albany Plan of Union.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____121. Which event led to the historic incident illustrated in this painting?

a. the First Continental Congressb. the Second Continental Congressc. the Boston Massacred. the American Revolution

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____122. Use the photo to answer the question.

How does the event depicted in this painting fit into the sequence of events leading to independence?a. George Washington led troops across the Delaware River after Congress finished the

Articles of Confederation.b. George Washington led troops across the Delaware River at the same time Congress

worked on the Articles of Confederation.c. George Washington led troops across the Delaware River one year before Congress

finished the Articles of Confederation.d. George Washington led troops across the Delaware River one year after Congress

finished the Articles of Confederation.____123. Which of the following is an example of Congress expanding the provisions of the Constitution by

enacting a law rather than seeking a formal Amendment?a. creating a federal court systemb. allowing the President to make war without formally declaring warc. establishing the power of judicial reviewd. carrying out the practice of senatorial courtesy

____124. The Framers included the Supremacy Clause in the Constitution for the purpose ofa. giving the Federal Government complete authority over all actions of State

governments.b. making the individual State governments more powerful than the Federal

Government.c. helping to settle disputes between different levels of government in the federal

system.d. making the Supreme Court the most powerful branch of the Federal Government.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____125. What expressed power did the Supreme Court cite when it upheld the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act?a. Borrowing Powerb. Commerce Powerc. Currency Powerd. Tax Power

____126.

Use the chart to answer the question. In 2013, the Supreme Court ruled that this presidential power does not extend to selecting the heads of agencies, such as the National Labor Relations Board, during congressional vacation adjournments. Which presidential power does this decision involve?a. recess powerb. removal powerc. appointment powerd. legislative power

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____127. Choose the answer that BEST completes the chart about the roles of the President of the United States.

a. Chief of Partyb. Chief of Statec. Chief Legislatord. Chief Economist

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____128. Study the outline to answer the question.

Which of the following headings most accurately completes the outline?a. Greater role of Vice Presidentb. National crisesc. Checks and balancesd. Political parties

____129. Which of the following lists the three basic powers a government must have?a. executive power, legislative power, military powerb. legislative power, executive power, judicial powerc. economic power, judicial power, legislative powerd. judicial power, diplomatic power, executive power

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____130. Use the Preamble to the Constitution to answer the question.

"We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."—U.S. Constitution, Preamble

Which statement BEST expresses the concerns of the founders of the American government?a. Their focus was to create a government that protected the nation from foreign

enemies.b. Their focus was to create a government that protected the nation from domestic

threats.c. Their focus was to create a nation that protected national interests over individual

rights.d. Their focus was to create a government that protected all aspects of the nation and

its people.____131. Use this excerpt from the text to answer the question.

"To many people, the most meaningful of these classifications [of government] is the one that depends on the number of persons who can take part in the governing process."

Why might this particular classification be most meaningful to people?a. It indicates the balance of power in a government.b. It indicates how democratic a government is.c. It indicates a government’s geographic distribution of power.d. It indicates how flexible a government’s laws are.

____132. In what way is the United States a representative democracy?a. Citizens allow a self-appointed elite to make decisions for them.b. Citizens decide laws and policies directly in mass meetings.c. Citizens choose small groups of people to make laws and policy for them.d. Citizens elect a President who has absolute power to make decisions for them.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____133.

Choose the answer that best completes the chart.a. A government controlled by a single personb. A government controlled by a legislative bodyc. A government controlled by the peopled. A government controlled by the rich

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____134. Use the chart to answer the question.

What is the difference between a unitary government and a federal government?a. In a unitary government, power is shared by an alliance of independent states; in a

federal government power is divided between a central government and local governments.

b. In a federal government, power is shared by an alliance of independent states; in a unitary government power is divided between a central government and local governments.

c. In a federal government, power is held by a single, central agency; in a unitary government power is divided between a central government and local governments.

d. In a unitary government power is held by a single, central agency; in a federal government power is divided between a central government and local governments.

____135. A legitimate government isa. one in which government leaders obtain and keep power by using force.b. one that offers the fastest solutions to a nation’s problems and citizens’ needs.c. one that is created by a union of many smaller groups that could not obtain power on

their own.d. one that is accepted by its people and other governments as the sovereign authority

of a nation.____136. According to John Locke, political society is created when individuals voluntarily form a government to

create and enforce laws, thereby protecting the people who form that government. In this social contract, people give up some of their power to the government, which then rules in their interest. This is the basis of which of the following concepts?a. separation of powersb. government by consentc. common lawd. absolute monarchy

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____137. The colonists built their governments based on customs and ideas borrowed from England and early civilizations, including unwritten, judge-made law developed over centuries. This type of law is known asa. constitutionalism.b. common law.c. Hammurabi's Code.d. the rule of law.

____138. Use this excerpt from the English Bill of Rights to answer the question.

"...that the pretended power of suspending the laws, or the execution of laws, by regal authority, without consent of Parliament is illegal...that levying money for or to the use of the Crown... without grant of Parliament...is illegal...that it is the right of the subjects to petition the king... and that prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal..." —English Bill of Rights

Which of the following ideas is embodied in this excerpt?a. The king needed the consent of Parliament to appoint advisors and ministers.b. The king had the right to prosecute illegal petitions protesting royal laws.c. The king had the power to suspend laws without Parliament’s consent.d. The king needed the consent of Parliament in order to tax people.

____139. Use the excerpt to answer the question.

...whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundations on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." —The Unanimous Declaration of the Thirteen United States of America

To what concept of government does this excerpt refer?a. the divine right of kingsb. the social contractc. unalienable rightsd. absolute rule

____140. Which of the following did all of the first State constitutions have in common?a. military rule, separation of power, checks and balancesb. limited government, absolute power, checks and balancesc. limited government, separation of power, checks and balancesd. separation of power, limited government, unicameral legislatures

____141. In describing the problems created by the Articles of Confederation, George Washington said, “...we are one nation today and 13 tomorrow. Who will treat with us on such terms?” Which of the following most accurately restates this idea?a. We are one nation today, but we could be 13 different states tomorrow. This gives us

an advantage in dealing with other nations.b. We are one nation today, but we could be 13 different states tomorrow. We should

form alliances with other nations as soon as possible.c. We claim to be one nation, but are on the verge of splitting into 13 separate states.

Other nations will take advantage of us if we continue this way.d. We claim to be one nation, but are on the verge of splitting into 13 separate states.

No other nation will want to deal with such an unstable country.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

64

____142. In 1787, Congress called on the States to send delegates to Philadelphia “...for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation and reporting to Congress and the several legislatures such alterations and provisions therein as shall when agreed to in Congress and confirmed by the States render the [Articles] adequate to the exigencies of Government and the preservation of the Union.”

What does this request reveal about the general attitude in Congress toward the Articles of Confederation?a. The general idea was that the Articles of Confederation would be replaced by a new

constitution.b. The general idea was that the Articles of Confederation could not be satisfactorily

revised.c. The general idea was that the Articles of Confederation needed revision, but not

complete replacement.d. The general idea was that most States would not send delegates to the meeting and

needed to be persuaded to do so.____143. Early on, the Constitutional Convention adopted the following proposal.

“Resolved...that a national government ought to be established consisting of a supreme Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary.”

What debate among the delegates to the Convention was solved by this resolution?a. whether or not the new government should be based on checks and balancesb. whether the Articles of Confederation should be revised or replacedc. whether or not the new government should include an executive branchd. whether the government should be national or federal in form

____144. Use the quotation to answer the question.

“The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom. For in all the states of created beings capable of law, where there is no law, there is no freedom.” —John Locke, The Second Treatise of Government, 1690

Which statement BEST reflects Locke's meaning?a. The ideal situation for protecting freedom is a state where there is no law.b. The purpose of law is to protect freedom by abolishing restraint.c. To be truly free, people have to abolish laws.d. Laws actually make people more, not less, free.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____145. After the Constitution was signed, Benjamin Franklin said:

“...I agree with this Constitution with all its faults, if they are such;...I doubt... whether any other Convention we can obtain, may be able to make a better Constitution. For when you assemble a number of men to have the advantage of their joint wisdom, you inevitably assemble with those men, all their prejudices, their passions, their errors of opinion, their local interests, and their selfish views.... It therefore astonishes me, Sir, to find this system approaching so near to perfection as it does..."—Benjamin Franklin

Which of the following is the most accurate rewording of his statement?a. The Constitution has many faults, so we should consider assembling the same people

for another convention to improve it.b. The Constitution is not perfect, but considering all the different points of view of the

men at the convention, it is remarkably good.c. The Constitution is not perfect, so we should consider another meeting of different

people to write a better one.d. The Constitution has faults because, even though everyone here is wise, we were

unable to overcome our prejudices and selfish views.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____146. The cartoon shows columns representing those States that had ratified the Constitution being placed in a row by the Hand of God (on the column representing North Carolina).

In what way does this cartoon illustrate the notion of federalism?a. This is a Federalist cartoon that suggests that the States should stand together to build

a strong country.b. This is a Federalist cartoon that supports the argument that the Constitution contains

an adequate balance of power.c. This is an Anti-Federalist cartoon that supports the argument that the presidency

could become a monarchy.d. This is an Anti-Federalist cartoon that supports the argument that the States need

more independence.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____147. Sec. 89. Where-ever therefore any number of men are so united into one society, as to quit every one his executive power of the law of nature, and to resign it to the public, there and there only is a political, or civil society. And this is done, where-ever any number of men, in the state of nature, enter into society to make one people, one body politic, under one supreme government; … for hereby he authorizes the society, or which is all one, the legislative thereof, to make laws for him, as the public good of the society shall require; …Sec. 90. Hence it is evident, that absolute monarchy, which by some men is counted the only government in the world, is indeed inconsistent with civil society, and so can be no form of civil-government at all.—John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1690 According to the excerpt, from which of the following does government in a civil society derive its political power?a. from absolute monarchsb. from Godc. from its peopled. from natural forces

____148. Passage of the Stamp Act led the colonists to begin making which of these arguments?a. Citizens should be prepared to join a local militia.b. No government has the right to engage in censorship.c. The colonies would be better off with a unified government.d. Parliament did not have the right to tax the colonies directly.

____149. In this excerpt, written with the non-standard spelling of the time, the travelers on the Mayflower make several significant agreements: We, whose names are underwritten, … doe, by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politick, for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enacte, constitute, and frame such just and equall laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meete and convenient for the generall good of the Colonie unto which we promise all due submission and obedience.—The Mayflower Compact, 1620 Based on the agreement given here, what political principle did the government of Plymouth most closely embrace?a. aristocratic absolutismb. democratic representationc. popular sovereigntyd. totalitarianism

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____150. And thereupon the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons, … being now assembled in a full and free representative of this nation, … declare That the pretended power of suspending the laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal; …That levying money for or to the use of the Crown … without grant of Parliament, … is illegal; …That the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against law; …—English Bill of Rights, 1689 The document excerpted here strengthened the American colonists' faith ina. representative government.b. moral authority.c. proprietary rule.d. salutary neglect.

____151. In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us.... We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity [fairness], and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity [close relation]. —The Declaration of Independence

Which of the following best summarizes the viewpoint of colonial leaders in 1776?a. They were willing to avoid a rebellion if the British government would give in to their

demands.b. They felt that the British government could no longer be relied upon to protect the

colonies.c. They hoped that the British Parliament would overrule the king and establish better

relations with the colonists.d. They believed that it was no longer possible to remain part of the British Empire

without sacrificing their best interests.____152. How did Thomas Paine's Common Sense affect the move towards independence?

a. Paine's Common Sense encourages rebellion against Britain.b. More colonists accept the idea of limited representation in Parliament.c. Paine recommends compromise as the first course of action. d. The idea of forming a new republic becomes the goal for many colonists.

____153. What was one argument Thomas Paine used in Common Sense to persuade colonists to consider independence from Great Britain?a. They were British citizens and entitled to equal representation.b. They had natural rights that allowed them to govern themselves as they saw fit.c. The colonists did not need the king or an aristocracy to rule them.d. As colonies, they already formed a self-governing republic.

____154. According to the Declaration of Independence, what is the fundamental purpose of government?a. to protect people’s propertyb. to provide for the protection of a nationc. to protect people’s natural rightsd. to allow religious freedom

Name: ______________________ ID: A

69

____155.

Review the chart. Why would the more conservative Patriots prefer the establishment of a bicameral legislature?a. It created a balance of power.b. It led to legislation being passed in a short period of time.c. It worked best in a system with a strong national government.d. It was cheaper to maintain.

____156. Justice Marshall’s interpretation of the Constitution was significant. How did he change how the document is interpreted?a. The Supreme Court only has authority to overrule legislation that has been vetoed by

the executive branch and is in conflict with the Constitution.b. The Supreme Court cannot question any legislation that has been passed in Congress.c. The Supreme Court has the authority to overrule state laws and any legislation that it

feels is in conflict with the Constitution.d. The Supreme Court must work with lower state courts to determine if legislation is in

conflict with the Constitution.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____157. • Freedom of speech• Freedom of religion• Freedom of the press• Freedom of assembly• Right to bear arms• Protections against arbitrary government searches• Protections against unfair trials• Protections against cruel and unusual punishment

What document includes the rights listed above and more, and why was it added to the U.S. Constitution?a. The Federalist Papers were added to the U.S. Constitution to limit the power of the

federal government.b. The Northwest Ordinance was added to the U.S. Constitution to lay a foundation for

admitting additional states to the Union.c. The Declaration of Independence was added to the U.S. Constitution as a reminder of

why and how the United States was founded.d. The Bill of Rights was added to the U.S. Constitution to establish a clear and definite

list of rights the government cannot infringe upon.____158.

The separation and distribution of powers in the U.S. government shown above was established by the —a. Bill of Rightsb. U.S. Constitutionc. First Amendmentd. Articles of Confederation

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____159. What is the significance of the House of Burgesses and the Mayflower Compact?a. They established a tradition of self-government in the colonies.b. Both bodies acknowledged the authority of the King but allowed male colonists to

vote for a colonial governor.c. The Mayflower compact created the first elected lawmaking body in which the

colonies sent representatives to Parliament.d. They established the principle of self-taxation.

____160. What ideas from John Locke were used to justify the colonies’ break from Great Britain in the Declaration of Independence?a. All men are created equal and have the right to rise up against tyranny.b. All men are created equal and have the right to freely practice any religion.c. Property rights are guaranteed to all men.d. All men have the right to Parliamentary representation.

____161.

Review the chart. How did the Articles of Confederation limit the powers of Congress?a. Congress could only collect taxes; state approval was needed for all other matters.b. Congress did not have the power to maintain a militia. c. Congress could not collect taxes; there was no executive branch to carry out laws.d. Congress could regulate trade between states but it could not carry out laws.

____162. How did the decision in Marbury v. Madison establish a new precedent for the judicial branch?a. Judge Marshall ruled that part of the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional. From that

point on, the Supreme Court had the power to declare a law unconstitutional.b. Judge Marshall established that the Supreme Court cannot rule on the legality of a

law. That is for the executive branch to determine.c. Once the Judiciary Act was deemed constitutional, Judge Marshall dismissed all other

precedents regarding the legality of laws.d. The Supreme Court did not have the power to declare a law unconstitutional.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____163. The intent of the Declaration of Independence was to state that the 13 American colonies were now independent from Britain and —a. identify a leader of the new countryb. identify the capital city of the new countryc. give reasons for taking such a drastic actiond. encourage France to become an ally of the new country

____164. Why was the Bill of Rights a necessary addition to the U.S. Constitution?a. The representatives of New York suggested it.b. The Antifederalists opposed ratification without it.c. Britain required it in order to recognize the new country.d. Alexander Hamilton convinced people that the court system was flawed.

____165. The signing of the Mayflower Compact was significant to the future of the American colonies because it—a. assured colonists' allegiance to the King of Englandb. clarified that all adults had equal voice in their governmentc. strengthened a tradition of government through representationd. determined which churches would be acceptable in North America

____166. No taxation without representation! they cried. Colonists used this argument against the Stamp Act, claiming that—a. Parliament had no right to tax themb. colonial legislatures had no right to tax themc. they wanted to send delegates to meet with King George IIId. they wanted to meet with British representatives on their own soil

____167.

Which statement below best summarizes the effect of the creation and ratification of the U.S. Constitution?a. The U.S. Constitution can be amended only through Supreme Court intervention.b. The original U.S. Constitution proved too rigid and was replaced within several years.c. The U.S. Constitution and its amendments still stand as the framework for American

government.d. The original U.S. Constitution was too easy to amend, so amendments were

prohibited after the addition of the Bill of Rights.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____168. Amendments to the U.S. Constitution can be proposed by —a. the Presidentb. half of both the House and the Senatec. two-thirds of both the House and the Senated. the Speaker of the House of Representatives

____169. The major differences of opinion between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson had to do with —a. communicating with Native American nationsb. defining the authority of the central governmentc. allotting more power to high-ranking military leadersd. establishing the boundaries of new states entering the Union

____170. They have brought into the lower house a sedition bill, which . . . undertakes to make printing certain matters criminal . . . Indeed this bill [and] the alien bill both are so [against] the Constitution as to show they mean to pay no respect to it.—The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, 1798

Under the Sedition Act, people could be fined or jailed for —a. owning a printing pressb. criticizing the governmentc. supporting Federalist organizationsd. reading newspapers and magazines

____171. Marbury v. Madison was a significant Supreme Court decision because —a. it was the first case brought against a federal officialb. it upheld the constitutionality of the Judiciary Act of 1789c. it gave presidents the power to appoint judges at the very end of their terms of officed. it gave the Supreme Court power to decide the constitutionality of laws passed by

Congress____172. Among the main grievances American colonists had with the British were that the British Parliament —

a. required colonists to participate in colonial legislatures and militiasb. fixed prices on colonial farm goods and limited the size of colonial farmsc. prohibited colonists from building homes and businesses in certain citiesd. imposed taxes without the consent of the colonists and placed limits on colonial trade

____173. A weakness of the Articles of Confederation was that it—a. established a very powerful Congressb. did not give states any say in passing lawsc. allowed Congress to tax states at a high rated. did not include executive or judicial branches of government

____174. Which of these is an example of responsible citizenship?a. Shopping wiselyb. Exercising dailyc. Serving on a juryd. Watching television

Name: ______________________ ID: A

74

____175. In McCulloch v. Maryland, the cashier of the second National Bank refused to pay a tax levied by the state of Maryland intended to drive the bank out of the state. The Supreme Court ruled that —a. the federal government had the power to charter the bank, but Maryland could also

tax it if the governor ordered itb. the federal government had the power to charter the bank, and no state had the right

to tax it or otherwise interfere with itc. the federal government had no power to charter the bank, but Maryland had no

power to tax it or otherwise interfere with itd. the federal government had no right to charter the bank, so Maryland could tax it or

otherwise interfere with it if the state so chose____176. Which statement best sums up the information on the chart?

a. Colonists were able to overturn every law imposed by Britain.b. Nearly every British law resulted in colonial protest.c. Every British law caused the colonists to lose money.d. With every law Britain passed, colonists became more obedient.

____177. Which of the following BEST describes how the Intolerable Acts affected the American colonies?a. The acts caused the colonies to set up their own militia to serve in times of

emergency.b. The acts caused the colonies to call for the First Continental Congress.c. The acts caused the colonies to quarter British troops without payment from the

government.d. The acts caused the colonies to unify against the British government.

ID: A

1

Civics EOC ReviewAnswer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_01_01_03|govtna\govtna_dok_2

2. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_01_01_02|govtna\govtna_dok_1

3. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_01_01_03 4. ANS: B PTS: 1 5. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: simple

NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_1|govtna\govtna_01_01_04 6. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: simple

NAT: govtna\govtna_01_01_01|govtna\govtna_dok_1 7. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: medium

NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_3|govtna\govtna_01_01_01 8. ANS: B PTS: 1 NAT: govtna\govtna_01_01_04|govtna\govtna_dok_3 9. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: simple

NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_01_02_01|govtna\govtna_01_02_02 10. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium

NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_1|govtna\govtna_01_02_01|govtna\govtna_01_02_03 11. ANS: C PTS: 1

NAT: govtna\govtna_01_02_01|govtna\govtna_01_02_04|govtna\govtna_dok_2 12. ANS: A PTS: 1

NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_01_02_01|govtna\govtna_01_02_03 13. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: simple 14. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium 15. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: simple

NAT: govtna\govtna_01_03_01|govtna\govtna_dok_2 16. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium

NAT: govtna\govtna_02_01_02|govtna\govtna_dok_2 17. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium

NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_02_02_03|govtna\govtna_02_02_04 18. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: simple

NAT: govtna\govtna_02_02_02|govtna\govtna_dok_1|govtna\govtna_02_02_03 19. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: simple

NAT: govtna\govtna_02_02_05|govtna\govtna_dok_1 20. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: medium

NAT: govtna\govtna_02_02_02|govtna\govtna_dok_2 21. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: complex

NAT: govtna\govtna_02_04_04|govtna\govtna_dok_3 22. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: complex

NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_02_03_03 23. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: simple

NAT: govtna\govtna_02_04_04|govtna\govtna_dok_1

ID: A

2

24. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_03_01_03|govtna\govtna_dok_2

25. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_03_01_02

26. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_03_01_03|govtna\govtna_dok_1

27. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_03_01_03

28. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_03_01_02|govtna\govtna_03_01_03|govtna\govtna_dok_3

29. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_03_02_01|govtna\govtna_dok_2

30. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_03_02_03|govtna\govtna_dok_1

31. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_03_02_03

32. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_03_03_02|govtna\govtna_dok_2

33. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_03_03_02

34. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_03_03_02|govtna\govtna_03_03_03|govtna\govtna_dok_3

35. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_1|govtna\govtna_03_03_02

36. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_03_03_02|govtna\govtna_dok_3

37. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_04_01_05|govtna\govtna_dok_2

38. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_04_01_05|govtna\govtna_dok_2

39. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_04_01_05

40. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_04_02_02|govtna\govtna_dok_1

41. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_04_02_01|govtna\govtna_dok_3

42. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_04_03_02|govtna\govtna_dok_2

43. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_04_03_01|govtna\govtna_04_03_04|govtna\govtna_dok_2

44. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_04_03_03|govtna\govtna_dok_2

45. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_04_04_02|govtna\govtna_dok_3

46. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_04_04_04|govtna\govtna_dok_3

ID: A

3

47. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_04_05_01|govtna\govtna_dok_2

48. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_04_05_02|govtna\govtna_dok_2

49. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_04_05_05|govtna\govtna_dok_1

50. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_05_01_03

51. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_05_01_05|govtna\govtna_05_01_06|govtna\govtna_dok_2

52. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_05_02_02|govtna\govtna_dok_2

53. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_05_02_03|govtna\govtna_dok_2

54. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_05_03_04|govtna\govtna_dok_3

55. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_05_04_01|govtna\govtna_dok_2

56. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_05_04_01|govtna\govtna_dok_3

57. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_06_01_01|govtna\govtna_dok_2

58. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_06_02_03|govtna\govtna_dok_2

59. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_06_04_01|govtna\govtna_dok_2

60. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_07_01_01|govtna\govtna_dok_2

61. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_07_01_01

62. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_3|govtna\govtna_07_01_02

63. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_07_01_02|govtna\govtna_dok_3

64. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_07_01_02|govtna\govtna_dok_2

65. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_1|govtna\govtna_07_01_02

66. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_07_01_03|govtna\govtna_dok_3

67. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_07_01_04|govtna\govtna_dok_3

68. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_07_02_01

69. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_07_02_01|govtna\govtna_07_02_04|govtna\govtna_dok_3

ID: A

4

70. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_07_02_04|govtna\govtna_dok_2

71. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_08_01_03|govtna\govtna_dok_3

72. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_08_01_04|govtna\govtna_dok_2

73. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_08_02_03|govtna\govtna_dok_2

74. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_08_03_02|govtna\govtna_08_03_04|govtna\govtna_08_04_02|govtna\govtna_08_05_02|govtna\govtna_dok_3

75. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_08_03_04|govtna\govtna_dok_2

76. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_08_05_01|govtna\govtna_dok_3

77. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_08_05_02|govtna\govtna_dok_2

78. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_08_04_01|govtna\govtna_08_04_02|govtna\govtna_dok_3

79. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_08_06_05|govtna\govtna_dok_3

80. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_08_06_05|govtna\govtna_dok_2

81. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_08_06_03|govtna\govtna_08_06_04|govtna\govtna_dok_3

82. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_09_01_03|govtna\govtna_dok_2

83. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_09_02_02|govtna\govtna_dok_2

84. ANS: A PTS: 1 NAT: govtna\govtna_09_03_01|govtna\govtna_09_03_02|govtna\govtna_dok_3

85. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_10_01_01|govtna\govtna_10_01_01|govtna\govtna_dok_3

86. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_10_01_02|govtna\govtna_dok_3

87. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_10_02_03|govtna\govtna_dok_2

88. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_10_04_02|govtna\govtna_dok_2

89. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_10_05_01|govtna\govtna_dok_3

90. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_11_01_01|govtna\govtna_dok_2

91. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_11_02_03|govtna\govtna_dok_2

ID: A

5

92. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_11_03_01|govtna\govtna_dok_2

93. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_11_03_02|govtna\govtna_dok_3

94. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_11_04_03|govtna\govtna_dok_3

95. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_12_03_02|govtna\govtna_dok_2

96. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_13_01_02|govtna\govtna_dok_1

97. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_13_01_03|govtna\govtna_dok_2

98. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_13_02_02|govtna\govtna_dok_2

99. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_13_03_02|govtna\govtna_13_02_04|govtna\govtna_dok_2

100. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_13_03_03|govtna\govtna_13_02_04|govtna\govtna_dok_2

101. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_1|govtna\govtna_02_02_03|govtna\govtna_02_02_05

102. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_02_02_04

103. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_3|govtna\govtna_02_02_05|govtna\govtna_03_01_01

104. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_03_03_02

105. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_1|govtna\govtna_04_03_02|govtna\govtna_03_01_03|govtna\govtna_12_03_01

106. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_04_02_04|govtna\govtna_04_02_06

107. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_1|govtna\govtna_07_02_01

108. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_1|govtna\govtna_08_02_02|govtna\govtna_08_02_04

109. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_3|govtna\govtna_08_03_02|govtna\govtna_08_03_01

110. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_08_03_01

111. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_1|govtna\govtna_08_05_01

112. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_09_03_01|govtna\govtna_09_03_02

113. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_11_01_03

114. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_12_01_06

ID: A

6

115. ANS: B PTS: 0 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_1|govtna\govtna_13_01_02

116. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_3|govtna\govtna_14_01_03

117. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_14_04_04

118. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_01_03_05|govtna\govtna_dok_3

119. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: complex NAT: govtna\govtna_02_02_03|govtna\govtna_dok_3

120. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_02_02_02|govtna\govtna_02_02_03|govtna\govtna_dok_1

121. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_02_02_02|govtna\govtna_02_02_03|govtna\govtna_dok_2

122. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_02_03_01|govtna\govtna_dok_2

123. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_03_02_02|govtna\govtna_dok_2

124. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_03_03_02|govtna\govtna_dok_2

125. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_04_03_04|govtna\govtna_dok_3

126. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_05_02_03|govtna\govtna_dok_2

127. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_1|govtna\govtna_05_01_01

128. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_1|govtna\govtna_05_02_03

129. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_3 130. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium

NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_01_01_01 131. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium

NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_01_01_03 132. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium

NAT: govtna\govtna_01_01_03|govtna\govtna_dok_3 133. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: simple

NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_01_01_04 134. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: complex

NAT: govtna\govtna_01_01_04|govtna\govtna_dok_1 135. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: simple

NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_01_02_04 136. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium

NAT: govtna\govtna_01_03_01|govtna\govtna_dok_2 137. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: simple

NAT: govtna\govtna_02_01_01|govtna\govtna_dok_1 138. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium

NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_02_01_02

ID: A

7

139. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_02_02_03

140. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: simple NAT: govtna\govtna_02_02_03|govtna\govtna_dok_2

141. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_3|govtna\govtna_02_02_03

142. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_02_02_04|govtna\govtna_dok_1

143. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_02_02_06|govtna\govtna_dok_1

144. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_02_03_03

145. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_02_04_01|govtna\govtna_dok_1

146. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: govtna\govtna_dok_2|govtna\govtna_02_04_01|govtna\govtna_02_04_03

147. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: hsusna\hsusna_dok_2|hsusna\hsusna_02_05_02

148. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: hsusna\hsusna_dok_3|hsusna\hsusna_03_02_02

149. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: hsusna\hsusna_02_01_04|hsusna\hsusna_dok_2

150. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: hsusna\hsusna_02_04_03|hsusna\hsusna_dok_2

151. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: hsusna\hsusna_03_02_05|hsusna\hsusna_dok_2

152. ANS: A PTS: 0 DIF: medium NAT: hsusna\hsusna_03_04_01|hsusna\hsusna_dok_2

153. ANS: C PTS: 0 DIF: medium NAT: hsusna\hsusna_03_03_03|hsusna\hsusna_dok_2

154. ANS: A PTS: 0 DIF: complex NAT: hsusna\hsusna_03_03_04|hsusna\hsusna_dok_3

155. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium 156. ANS: C PTS: 0 DIF: complex

NAT: hsusna\hsusna_dok_3|hsusna\hsusna_05_02_02 157. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium

NAT: hsusna\hsusna_00_02_03|hsusna\hsusna_dok_2 158. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: hsusna\hsusna_dok_1 159. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: hsusna\hsusna_dok_2 160. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: complex 161. ANS: C PTS: 0 DIF: complex

NAT: hsusna\hsusna_04_01_05|hsusna\hsusna_dok_3 162. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: complex

NAT: hsusna\hsusna_05_02_02|hsusna\hsusna_dok_3 163. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium

NAT: hsusna\hsusna_03_03_04|hsusna\hsusna_dok_2

ID: A

8

164. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: hsusna\hsusna_04_03_02|hsusna\hsusna_dok_2

165. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: mgahna\mgahna_dok_2|mgahna\mgahna_02_03_02

166. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: mgahna\mgahna_dok_1|mgahna\mgahna_03_02_03

167. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: mgahna\mgahna_dok_2|mgahna\mgahna_04_05_01|mgahna\mgahna_04_05_02

168. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: mgahna\mgahna_dok_1|mgahna\mgahna_04_06_01

169. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: mgahna\mgahna_dok_2|mgahna\mgahna_04_04_01|mgahna\mgahna_05_02_01

170. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: mgahna\mgahna_dok_2|mgahna\mgahna_05_03_02

171. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: mgahna\mgahna_dok_2|mgahna\mgahna_05_04_02

172. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: mgahna\mgahna_dok_2|mgahna\mgahna_03_04_02

173. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: mgahna\mgahna_dok_2|mgahna\mgahna_03_05_05

174. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: mgahna\mgahna_dok_2|mgahna\mgahna_04_05_03

175. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: mgahna\mgahna_dok_1|mgahna\mgahna_05_06_03

176. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: medium NAT: mgahna\mgahna_03_02_03 177. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: medium

NAT: mgahna\mgahna_dok_2|mgahna\mgahna_03_03_02