city of virginia beach small cell infrastructure …...the city desires to promote clean, organized,...

DRAFT

SMALL CELL INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN GUIDELINES11.5.19

CITY OF VIRGINIA BEACH

CVB Small Cell Infrastructure Guidelines - DRAFT 2

CONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................... 3

1.1 Purpose................................................................................................................ 31.2 Goals..................................................................................................................... 31.3 Definitions.......................................................................................................... 4

2. GUIDELINES FOR NEW SMALL CELL INFRASTRUCTURE.............. 52.1 Placement Preferences.................................................................................. 52.2 Aesthetic Guidelines....................................................................................... 6

3. STANDARDS FOR CO-LOCATION ON EXISTING STRUCTURES............................................................................ 9

3.1 Third Party Structures.....................................................................................93.2 Police Camera Poles........................................................................................ 93.3 City-Owned Street Lights............................................................................. 113.4 City Parking Facilities...................................................................................... 12


1. INTRODUCTION

FIG. 1.1 MACRO CELL VS. SMALL CELL Macro cell towers can reach heights up to 199 feet tall and coverage that spans several miles. Small cell infrastructure is typically mounted no higher than 45 feet in the air and has a higher-quality, but limited coverage of a few hundred feet. Image source: “Small Cell Wireless Technology in Cities” by the National League of Cities.

1.1 PURPOSEThe purpose of these guidelines are to establish general standards, consistent with all applicable state and federal laws, for the design, aesthetics installation, placement, and co-location of small cell infrastructure in the City of Virginia Beach. This guidance specifically addresses small cell wireless infrastructure which consists of smaller poles, antennas, and associated equipment rather than taller macro cell towers, which have been the prevailing technology behind the wireless network for decades. Small cell wireless antennas, at the present time, have a range of approximately 400-500 feet which requires a more numerous and denser implementation in order to meet coverage and capacity demands (see figure 1.1). This guidance is intended for wireless service providers, wireless infrastructure providers, utility franchise holders, owners of small cell facilities and any applicant or person seeking a permit for a small cell installation in Virginia Beach.

1.2 GOALSThe goals of these guidelines are to:

• Ensure that small cell infrastructure will harmoniously blend into the existing environment and add value to the surrounding context to the greatest extent possible;

• Enhance the capability of wireless service providers to deploy small cell technology safely, effectively, and efficiently in order for the residents, businesses, and visitors of the City of Virginia Beach to benefit from advanced wireless service ability; and

• Comply with, not conflict with or preempt, all applicable state and federal laws.


1.3 DEFINITIONSIf any of the defined terms below or otherwise appearing in this document are in conflict with the applicable Virginia code or federal regulation, such definition as established under state or federal law, as applicable, shall control.Antenna – communications equipment that transmits or receives electromagnetic radio signals used in the provision of any type of wireless communications services.Amenity Zone – a linear portion of the right-of-way (ROW) in which street lights, utility poles, street trees, bicycle racks, parking meters, transit stops, street furniture, and signage is typically found. This area is typically located at the back of a curb to the edge of the pedestrian zone. Co-locate – to install, mount, maintain, modify, operate, or replace a wireless facility on, under, within, or adjacent to a structure that supports another service. “Co-location” has a corresponding meaning.Frontage Zone – a linear portion of the ROW closest to a building’s edge in which building projections, awnings, displays, and outdoor café seating may occur. Internal Installation – the small cell and all of its components are located within a structure that totally conceals its location allowing for the most appealing aesthetic and minimized visual clutter. Pedestrian Zone – a linear portion of the ROW in which there are limited obstructions allowing for an ease of pedestrian travel. Small Cell Facility – A wireless facility installation in which the antenna can not exceed six cubic feet in volume and all other associated wireless equipment has a cumulative volume of no more than 28 cubic feet. Utility Pole – a structure owned, operated, or owned and operated by a public utility, local government or the Commonwealth of Virginia that is designed specifically for and used to carry lines, cables, or wires for communications, cable television or electricity.Wireless facility – equipment at a fixed location that enables wireless services between user equipment and a communications network.Wireless infrastructure provider – any person, including a person authorized to provide telecommunications service in the state, that builds or installs transmission equipment, wireless facilities, or wireless support structures.Wireless services provider – a provider of wireless service.Wireless support structure – a freestanding structure, such as a monopole, tower, either guyed or self-supporting, or suitable existing structure or alternative structure designed to support or capable of supporting wireless facilities.


2. GUIDELINES FOR NEW SMALL CELL INFRASTRUCTUREGenerally, an applicant should construct and maintain the small cell infrastructure in a manner that does not:

1. Adversely impact public safety or obstruct, impede or hinder travel;

2. Obstruct the legal use of the Right-of-Way (ROW) by other utility telecommunications, or information service providers;

3. Violate nondiscriminatory applicable codes or the federal regulatory of Americans with Disabilities Act; and/or

4. Violate or dispute with applicable City Codes or standards, such as the zoning ordinance or the Public Works Specifications and Standards Manual.

The City desires to promote clean, organized, and streamlined infrastructure in an efficient and least intrusive means available to provide wireless services. The following sections enumerate the City’s placement and design preferences for new small cell infrastructure.

2.1 PLACEMENT PREFERENCES

PROXIMITY TO OTHER SMALL CELL INFRASTRUCTURESmall cell infrastructure should not be installed less than 250 feet apart. The applicant should either co-locate with an existing facility or demonstrate that a co-location is either not technically feasible or is not able to be accommodated on an existing structure.

PREFERRED PLACEMENTThe following entails the City’s preferences for small cell infrastructure placement:

• Small cell infrastructure should avoid areas of environmental sensitivity, such as wetland areas prone to flooding.

• Small cell infrastructure should avoid areas of historic or cultural sensitivity, such as historic houses and cultural facilities.

• In the Resort Strategic Growth Area, including the Boardwalk, opportunities for co-location on existing structures should be considered first and foremost before any new freestanding poles are requested, see Section 3 of these guidelines for co-location preferences.

• A minimum of 5 feet from existing garages or driveways should be maintained.

• Along a roadway, the centerline of new poles should be installed and aligned with existing poles or street trees where present.

• In no case should any portion of the equipment be less than 3 feet from the edge of the road travelway, sidewalk, bike lane, or shared use path.

• Alley placement is preferred and encouraged. • Along frontages, align poles with common lot

lines as much as possible. • Avoid infrastructure placement in front of built

structures including windows, doors, balconies, porches, and stoops.

• Placement should not obstruct any fire escapes, doors, gates, or other ingress/egress points to any building entrances/exits that would impede access or delivery to a building.

• Avoid placement in the zone created by projecting a perpendicular extension of a primary street facing wall plane for residential building types. Primary wall planes will typically have a front door associated with the façade.

• On street corners, small cell placement is preferred on the secondary street frontage.

• Placement should not obstruct the operation, placement, or physical attributes of following: pedestrian signals, lighting, signage, streetlights, public transportation vehicles, bus shelters, bus stop locations, transit share stations, irrigation, parking meters, barricades, bollards, bike racks, benches, trash receptacles, or other streetscape elements.

• Equipment should not encroach on airspace beyond the ROW or over the travel way.


• Small cell infrastructure should not be located within 25 feet of a fire station apron or other adjacent emergency service facilities.

• Small cell infrastructure should not obstruct fire hydrant access.

• Small cell infrastructure placement should not interfere with or obstruct the view of police cameras used for security or public safety purposes where present.

• Placement must adhere to site distances and visibility triangle requirements in the current version of the Public Works Specifications and Standards Manual to ensure safe movements in and around intersections. Similar considerations shall be given to entrances with a 30 feet throat length, alleys, and any other place in which vehicular conflict may occur due to differences in direction of travel and speed.

• Refer to the Master Transportation Plan ultimate ROW widths in the most current version of the Public Works Specifications and Standards Manual when assessing placement in an existing ROW.

IMPACTS TO LANDSCAPING• A minimum of 20 feet from existing mature trees

should be maintained.• Existing mature, healthy trees should not be

removed or otherwise impacted by the installation of small cell infrastructure.

• Equipment placement and construction of small cell infrastructure should avoid the critical root zone of existing trees. No equipment or storage is permitted in this area.

• Any turf areas disturbed by the installation of small cell infrastructure should be restored to original grade and reseeded.

2.2 AESTHETIC GUIDELINES• Small cell antennas should be shrouded with all

wires and supporting equipment integrated with the pole.

• Supporting meters, equipment, cabinets, housings, and fans should all be incorporated into the pole base or mounted to the pole at a height that will not create visual or physical obstructions.

• In residential areas, a total maximum height of the small cell installation should not exceed 30 feet.

• In commercial areas, a total maximum height of the small cell installation should not exceed 40 feet.

• Total width or diameter of the pole should not exceed 24 inches.

• Poles located within one-mile from the coast should be rated to withstand 130mph wind speeds.

• Poles located beyond one-mile form the coast should be rated to withstand 110mph wind speeds.

• Stainless steel mounting hardware should be used to mount all equipments, access doors, antennas, and equipment cabinets.

• Poles should be set plumb and centered on foundations when installed.

• The diameter of the antenna/enclosure should not exceed one and one half times the diameter of the top of the wireless support pole, to the maximum extent possible. Ultimately, the antenna should appear as a seamless vertical extension of the pole.

• Cylindrical antenna shrouds consistent in color with the pole are preferred.

• All pole-mounted equipment should be grouped as closely together as possible on the same side of the pole (preferably opposite the travelway).

• Cabinet tops should not have clear horizontal surfaces so that objects cannot be placed on top.

NOISE• If mechanical fans or other cooling equipments

are present, it should not emit more than 50dBA one meter (3.28 ft.) from the pole.

DISPLAY OF SIGNS ON POLES AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT

• Signage including the wireless provider’s name, location identifier and emergency contact should be attached to the pole within 6 feet of the ground.


FIG. 2.1 SMALL CELL TOWER WITH SEPARATE EQUIPMENT CABINET Example of an undesirable installation

FIG. 2.2 SMALL CELL TOWER WITH EQUIPMENT CABINET INTEGRATED WITH POLE Example of a desirable installation


FINISH OF VISIBLE POLES AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT

• All poles and equipment located beyond one mile from the coast should have an epoxy coat 5.0 mils thick from the bottom to 8’ high, and 3.0 mils thick above that.

• All poles and equipment located within one mile from the coast should have a double powder coat 4.0 mil thick over all surfaces.

• All handholes should have reinforced covers with stainless steel screws.

• Any defects and scratches on small cell infrastructure should be primed and painted with a color-matching paint of the existing pole. If damages reach galvanized metal, then in-field re-galvanization will be required.

• Finish colors of the poles, equipment shrouds and all public-facing support infrastructure located from Atlantic Avenue west in the Resort Strategic Growth Area should be the color Gibraltar Grey.

• Finish colors of the poles, equipment shrouds and all public-facing support infrastructure located East of Atlantic Avenue in the Resort Strategic Growth Area should be the color White.

• Finish colors of the poles, equipment shrouds and all public-facing support infrastructure located in the Pembroke Strategic Growth Area should be the color Dark Green.

• Finish colors of the poles, equipment shrouds and all public-facing support infrastructure in all other parts of the City should match the existing color of surrounding utilities or the context of the area where it is placed.

MAINTENANCE OF SMALL CELL INFRASTRUCTURE• The franchisee is responsible for maintaining

its property within the ROW. This includes regular maintenance, periodic re-painting, graffiti or sticker removal and timely repairs or re-placement in the event of damage. Upon notification from the City, any maintenance issue must be remedied within a reasonable period of time or the City may either repair or remove the damaged equipment at the franchisee’s expense.

• In the event that the use of a small cell facility is abandoned for ninety (90) days, the City may remove it at the franchisee’s expense. After due notice, as required under the provider’s franchise, the City can recoup such cost by making claim against the franchisee’s Letter of Credit or Bond.


3. STANDARDS FOR CO-LOCATING ON EXISTING STRUCTURESThis section addresses the City of Virginia Beach’s preferences for co-locating new small cell infrastructure on existing poles and structures, both in and out of the public ROW. Existing structures that have been identified for potential co-location, in order of preference, are:

1. Third party existing structures (e.g. Dominion Energy Poles, Verizon poles, privately-owned buildings)

2. Police camera poles3. City-owned street lights4. City parking facilities

Other existing city-owned poles, structures or facilities not addressed in this section will be considered on a case-by-case basis.

3.1 THIRD PARTY STRUCTURESDominion Energy owns approximately 46,500 utility poles in the City of Virginia Beach and building heights in commercial areas often reach 30-40 feet tall. Based on the prevalence of third party options across the City, it is preferred that wireless providers first attempt to co-locate small cell infrastructure on non City-owned structures.

3.2 POLICE CAMERA POLESIn 2018, twenty five police camera poles were installed across the Resort Area of Virginia Beach, including the Boardwalk. The cameras are mounted atop of the poles 20 to 30 feet high and rotate 360-degrees, see figure 3.1. The installation of these police camera poles is part of a program that will install roughly fifty more camera poles in the Resort Strategic Growth Area, see figure 3.2. There is the opportunity to co-locate small cell infrastructure with police cameras in the Resort Area and beyond, if the following requirements can be met:

• Police cameras must have unobstructed views, for 360-degrees, at a height of 20 to 40 feet.

• The police cameras require their own power source and fiber network connection.

• The City must have a way to safely access and maintain the cameras. The ability for the City to shut off the small cell wireless operation when needed is desired.

• Future camera poles or camera pole replacements may also require a public safety siren, microphones, and speaker horn attachments.

• Small cell equipment cabinets, equipment housings, cabinets, and

FIG. 3.1 EXISTING POLICE CAMERA POLEPolice cameras poles are 20 to 30 feet tall with decorative base covers manufactured by Valmont.


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Legend! Existing Traffic Operations Cameras

! Proposed Cameras Phase 1



Fiber Loops

Existing Fiber Network of Traffic Operation

City Boundary Line

Interstate

Primary Road

Ramp

Boardwalk

Water

Over 20,000 SqFt Buildings

DISCLAIMER:The data is provided “as is” and the City of Virginia Beach expressly disclaims all warranties,UCC, and otherwise, express or implied including particular purpose, and further expresslydisclaims responsibility for all incidental, consequential or special damages arising out of or inconnection with the use or performance of the data. The user acknowledges the disclaimer ofwarranty and waives all warranties expressed or implied and waives any right of claim fordamages incidental, consequential or special, arising out of or in connection with the use orperformance of the data.CAUTION: this map represents approximate locations and values; it is subject to mappingprojection and compilation error(s). Property information is compiled from recorded plats andbest fit to base mapping products using Virginia State Plane NAD 1983 coordinate system, witha minimum target accuracy of +/- 2-5 feet. This mapping product is not a legal survey andtherefore cannot be used to determine private/public property locations, forengineering/construction site design or for final flood zone determinations. This map is forinformational purposes only.

Copyright © 2014 City of Virginia Beach / Center for GISAerial Imagery 2013

«

Proposed Camera LocationsNovember 2014

0 0.250.125Miles

Atlantic Ocean

FIG. 3.2


meter housings should be incorporated into a decorative pole base to the greatest extent possible, see figure 3.3.

• The small cell antenna should be shrouded. All wires and supporting equipment should be integrated with the pole.

• Finish colors of the pole, camera, equipment shrouds, and all public-facing support infrastructure should be the color Gibraltar Grey from Atlantic Avenue west within the Resort Strategic Growth Area.

• Finish colors of the pole, camera, equipment shrouds, and all public-facing support infrastructure should be the color White east of Atlantic Avenue in the Resort Strategic Growth Area.

3.3 CITY-OWNED STREET LIGHTSDominion Energy owns and maintains the vast majority of the 50,000 street light fixtures in the City of Virginia Beach. This section addresses the 3,500 light fixtures the City solely owns and maintains. Most of the city-owned street lights are located in municipal parking lots, city parks, the Resort Area, and Town Center. In general, the newer LED street lights are city-owned and maintained. The following lists the primary locations of city-owned street lights:

• Princess Anne Road from Dam Neck Road to the Municipal Center,• Nimmo Parkway from General Booth Boulevard to George Mason

Drive,• Holland Road from Dam Neck to Princess Anne Road,• Lynnhaven Parkway from Indian River Road to Centerville Turnpike,• Seaboard Road from Princess Anne Road to Nimmo Parkway,• Wesleyan Drive from Baker Road to the Virginia Beach/Norfolk line,• Intersection of Princess Anne Road and Kempsville Road/Witchduck

Road,• Pacific Avenue from 17th Street to 22nd Street,• Atlantic Avenue from 2nd Street to 40th Street,• The numbered streets between Atlantic Avenue and Pacific Avenue

from 2nd to 40th Streets, and• 32nd Street, Laskin Road, 30th Street and 29th Street from Pacific

Avenue to the roundabout.Co-location on the 14 foot tall city-owned pedestrian lights is strongly discouraged. However, there are opportunities to co-locate small cell infrastructure on the taller city-owned street lights if the following requirements are met:

• In most cases, the poles and foundations supporting the existing street lights will not withstand the added weight of the small cell components and, therefore, the pole will need to be replaced.

• The small cell antenna should add no more than six feet to the existing height of the street light.

• The small cell antenna should be shrouded. All wires and supporting

FIG. 3.3 EXAMPLE SMALL CELL CO-LOCATION WITH POLICE CAMERA POLEAn example of the desired aesthetic and placement of small cell infrastructure on the pole.


equipment should be integrated with the pole. • Small cell equipment cabinets, equipment housings, cabinets, and

meter housings should be incorporated into a decorative pole base to the greatest extent possible, see figures 3.5-3.8.

• City-owned street lights are 208 three phase power. Some are de-energized during daylight hours through a photo-sensor at panel locations. There typically is no neutral available on city street light poles. A separate power source for all small cell equipment will be needed.

• The City must have a way to safely access and maintain the street lights. The ability for the City to shut off the small cell operation when needed is desired.

• The color and pole aesthetic of the street lights in the Resort Area is unique, see figures 3.5 and 3.6. Any co-located pole should match this aesthetic to the greatest extent possible. Weatherproof GFI fixtures are required 20 feet above ground on the pole to accommodate additional temporary lighting fixtures. Depending on the specific location, Resort Area street lights may also need to accommodate banners, signs, flood lights, and speakers.

• For street light pole design standards located outside of the Resort Area, see figures 3.7 and 3.8. The finish colors of the poles, equipment shrouds, and all public-facing support infrastructure should match the existing color of surrounding utilities or the context of the area where it is placed.

ATLANTIC AVENUE STREET LIGHT REPLACEMENT PROGRAMThere is a specific opportunity to co-locate on the street lights along Atlantic Avenue in the coming years. The City is preparing to replace all of the 30 foot tall street lights on Atlantic Avenue and the side streets east of Pacific Avenue, from 2nd Street to 40th Street. The project will be phased and begin in 2020.

3.4 CITY PARKING FACILITIESSome city-owned parking garages and lots could provide an opportunity for small cell infrastructure co-location. However, on-street parking spaces should not be displaced by small cell infrastructure. The following parking facilities could be considered for co-location:

• 306 4th Street - 4th Street 65-space surface lot. • 104 Atlantic Avenue - Rudee Loop 152-space surface lot.• 145 Atlantic Avenue - 2nd Street 101-space surface lot.• 209 30th Street - 31st Street 532-space garage.• 200 9th Street - 9th Street 610-space garage.

Small cell infrastructure co-located at a parking facility should make every effort to minimize the loss of parking spaces and blend into their surroundings. The removal of existing parking spaces will require written permission and compensation to the city for lost revenue.

FIG. 3.4 9TH STREET GARAGE The 9th Street Parking Garage is located between Atlantic and Pacific Avenues in the Resort Area. It is four levels and approximately 40 feet high.

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FIG. 3.5 EXISTING RESORT AREA STREET LIGHTSResort Area street lights are 30 foot high from finished grade, feature an 8 foot long square arm, a straight steel, square pole, and a double, 4 mil thick, powder coat inside and out. All are being transitioned to LED light fixtures.

FIG. 3.6 EXAMPLE SMALL CELL CO-LOCATION WITH A RESORT AREA STREET LIGHTAn example of the desired aesthetic and placement of small cell infrastructure on the pole.


FIG. 3.8 EXAMPLE SMALL CELL CO-LOCATION WITH A CITY STREET LIGHTAn example of the desired aesthetic and placement of small cell infrastructure on the pole.

FIG. 3.7 EXISTING CITY-OWNED STREET LIGHTCity street light poles outside of the Resort area are round tapered steel or fiberglass and 30’-40’ tall from finished grade. Finish colors range from gray to black.

city of virginia beach small cell infrastructure …...the city desires to promote clean, organized,...

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