city of johannesburg integrated waste management plan … · city of johannesburg integrated waste...

City of JohannesburgIntegrated Waste Management Plan

2011

a world class African city

i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1 BACKGROUND TO IWM PLANNING

In terms of the 1999 National Waste Management Strategy (DEAT, 1999), local municipalities are required to develop first generation Integrated Waste Management Plans (IWMPs) and to submit such plans to their respective provincial environmental departments. The strategy was however not supported by legislation resulting in voluntary development of IWMPs by municipalities. With the enactment of the National Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008 (Act 59 of 2008), the development of IWMPs became a statutory requirement. Section 4(a) of this Act states that each municipality should prepare and submit an IWMP to the relevant MEC for approval (RSA, 2008). The approved IWMP should then be incorporated into the municipal Integrated Development Plan (IDP) which is contemplated in Chapter 5 of the Municipal Systems Act, 2000 (Act 32 of 2000). The primary objective of IWM planning is to integrate and optimise waste management services, thereby maximising efficiency and improving the quality of life of all citizens while the associated environmental impacts and financial costs are minimised (DEAT, 2000). The guideline document for the development of IWM Plans further emphasises that the integration must be both horizontal and vertical within the government departments, as well as in other sectors and throughout the ‘waste life-cycle’ (DEAT, 2000). Effective integration, coordination and alignment of the actions of government at national provincial and local spheres remain an important aspect in ensuring efficient and effective provision of basic services to all (CoJ, 2010). 2 METHODOLOGY

This report was informed by a literature review of all existing information provided by the CoJ and a stakeholder consultation process which included both internal and external stakeholders. The following platforms were used to communicate and get input from a wide range of stakeholders throughout the duration of the study. 3 KEY LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

Key national and provincial pieces of legislation and policies relevant to the CoJ are outlined together with the existing legislative framework of the CoJ itself.

3.1 National Legislation

Key national legislation includes: � The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act 108 of 1996), which sets out the

environmental mandate as well the different roles and responsibilities of the different spheres of government.

� The National Environmental Management Act (NEMA), Act 107 of 1998 is a framework legislation which covers the broad environmental management principles which form the basis for all other subsidiary environmental legislation.

� The National Environmental Management: Waste Act (NEMWA), 2008 is a subsidiary act of the NEMA, which regulates the management of all waste within South Africa as well as defines the different roles and responsibilities of the different spheres of government while implementing this mandate.

ii

� The National Health Act, (Act 61 of 2003) includes waste management as one of the functions of an Environmental Health Officer in terms of its explanation of ‘municipal health services’.

� The Municipal Structures Act (Act 117 of 1998) delineates powers and functions of different categories of municipalities. In terms of this Act, district municipalities have powers and functions relating to the integrated, sustainable and equitable social and economic development of the district. This role should be performed by ensuring integrated development planning for the district as a whole, building the capacity of local municipalities to perform their functions, exercising local municipal powers where capacity is lacking, and promoting the equitable distribution of resources between the local municipalities in its area. The Act further reiterates the functions of local municipalities as contained in the Constitution excluding the ones referred to as district functions. This includes the provision of waste collection and disposal services and cleansing.

� The Municipal Systems Act (Act 32 of 2000) defines the alternative approaches that may be employed in delivering municipal services and the processes to be followed when such alternatives are considered. The need for integrated planning and performance monitoring of both external and internal mechanisms of service delivery are emphasised in the Systems Act. The Act further mandates communities to be encouraged to participate in strategic decision making relating to service delivery.

3.1.1 Other Relevant National Legislation

Other legislation having relevance to waste management include the following: � National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (Act 39 of 2004) � National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998) � Occupational Health and Safety Act (Act 85 of 1993) � Hazardous Substances Act (Act 15 of 1973) � Minerals and Petroleum Resources Development Act (Act 28 of 2002) � Disaster Management Act, 57 of 2002 � Physical Planning Act (Act 125 of 1991) � Development Facilitation Act (Act 67 of 1995) � The Division of Revenue Act (Act 5 of 2002) � Municipal Finance Management Act (MFMA), 56 of 2003 � National Treasury: Environmental Fiscal Reform Policy, 2006 � Strategic Framework for Sustainable Development in South Africa, 2006

3.1.2 National Standards and Regulations

� The National Environmental Management: Waste Act (Act No. 59 of 2008) stipulates that standards are required to “give effect to the right to an environment that is not harmful to health and well-being of the people”.

� The Waste Information Regulations (Notice 430 of 2009) give effect to section 60 of NEMWA and regulate the procedure and criteria for the submission and processing of applications to register on the national Waste Information System (WIS).

The Waste Tyre Regulations (No 31901 of 2009, Gazette No R9032) are designed based on Section 24C of ECA, (Act No. 73 of 1989). This design is intended to regulate the handling, storage and disposal of used tyres.

3.1.3 National Policies and Strategies

� Integrated Pollution and Waste Management Policy (IP&WM): Environmental legislation, including pollution has historically been fragmented. The IP&WM Policy thus ensured integration in pollution control. This policy formed the basis on which the NEMWA came into being.

iii

� National Waste Management Summit: Polokwane Declaration: This declaration was adopted in 2001, and states optimistically that the goal is to reduce waste generation and disposal by 50% and 25% respectively by 2012 and to develop a zero waste strategy by the year 2022.

� National Policy on Thermal Treatment of General and Hazardous Waste: The national Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) developed a Policy for thermal treatment of waste to advocate government’s position on thermal waste treatment as an acceptable waste management option in 2009. The Policy outlines the conditions and requirements for establishing and operating thermal treatment technologies in the country.

� Draft Free Basic Refuse Removal Policy: This Policy on Free Basic Refuse Removal (FBRR) services makes provision for municipalities in South Africa to provide FBRR services within their areas of jurisdiction. The aim of the FBRR Policy is to ensure that all South Africans, including the poor, have access to at least basic (essential) refuse removal services.

� National Waste Management Strategy: The strategy is binding on all organs of state in all spheres of government and will be reviewed every five years. The targets as currently set in this strategy for the year 2015 are used as a bench mark for the targets set in this plan.

� National Cleaner Production Strategy: The National Cleaner Production Strategy has been formulated as a result of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation for Sustainable Consumption and Production document. The strategy strongly emphasises waste minimisation, re-use and recycling especially within industry. The main focus of Cleaner production is preventative rather than end of pipe treatment.

� Development of a core set of Environmental Performance Indicators: The purpose of the indicators is to provide Municipalities with a voluntary ‘toolkit’ to assess their performance in terms of the environment. Indicators of importance to this task include: waste generation rates, waste reduction, and waste services related issues.

� Local Government Turnaround Strategy: The Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs identified worrying trends undermining local government service delivery. In order to renew the vision of developmental local government, a turnaround strategy was devised to facilitate differentiated and targeted support to local government.

� Minimum Requirements: The then Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF), having a concern for the protection of the water resources of South Africa and at the time being responsible for permitting of waste facilities developed a 3 part series of documents commonly referred to as the ‘Minimum Requirements’. The first edition was published in 1994, followed by the 2nd edition, which superseded the 1st edition in 1998.

3.2 Provincial Legislation

� Gauteng Provincial Integrated Waste Management Policy: The GPG has developed an appropriate legislative regime to support and enable the Gauteng IWM Policy, and to foster consistency between national, provincial and local waste management requirements, capacity building and filling of gaps in existing waste management regulations and requirements. Key issues addressed in this policy include waste reduction and minimisation, recovery and recycling, collection and transportation, processing, treatment, disposal and Waste information.

� First Generation Integrated Hazardous Waste Management Plan for Gauteng: Factors that hinder Integrated Waste Management in the Gauteng province include lack of the following: proper coordination of recycling activities, separation at source including for hazardous waste, testing and analysis facilities, incentives and insufficient waste volumes and economy of scale. Treatment facilities have also been noted to lack in number, capacity and access to the existing facilities.

iv

� Gauteng Provincial Standards and Regulations: Of importance to this task are the General Waste Collection Standards and Waste Information Regulations that the provincial government set in 2007 and 2004 respectively. These are elaborated further in the subsequent paragraphs below.

� Gauteng General Waste Collection Standards: The General Waste Collection Standards (GWCS) have been developed to ensure the provision of consistent, uniform waste collection and cleaning services which are equitable, appropriate, environmentally and socially acceptable, to the communities in Gauteng.

� Waste information Regulations: The GPG promulgated Waste Information Regulations in 2004 to guide the development of a Provincial WIS. The WIS is intended to compile and make available information relating to waste to the public as well as organs of state as well as create uniform reporting systems and monitoring intervals.

3.3 Local level legislation

Waste By-laws: The existing CoJ Waste by-laws are currently being revised. The by-laws should be revised in order to give effect to the Constitution, the principles of NEMA and the NEMWA

4 WASTE MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE COJ

4.1 Geographic Area

The CoJ is located within the province of Gauteng in the eastern plateau of South Africa at an elevation of about 1, 753 m. Post the apartheid era, Johannesburg was decentralised into 11 regions which were recently consolidated into 7 regions (Figure 3 and Table 3). Each of these regions is responsible for the delivery of all community based services including waste management. The operations of the regions are however still informed by the broad CoJ plans, strategies and policies.

4.2 Socio-economic Analysis

4.2.1 COJ Demographics

The CoJ forms part of the Gauteng Province (GP), which is generally perceived as the “economic hub” of South Africa. The CoJ covers a total area of about 1644 km2, which translates to about 10% of the geographical area of the Gauteng province. Within the Gauteng province, the three metropolitans (City of Tshwane, Ekurhuleni and CoJ) have by far the highest population. Together the three constitute approximately 85% of the population of Gauteng, with the CoJ contributing approximately 37% of it in both 2001 and 2007 (Stats SA, 2001 and 2007). From 2001, the CoJ has consistently been in the lead with the highest population followed by Ekurhuleni and the City of Tshwane coming third. The CoJ has experienced the biggest population growth from 2001 to 2007 within Gauteng at 20.6% (Stats SA, 2001 and 2007). The CoJ is therefore faced with the challenge of increased waste generation due to the increase in population.

4.2.2 Socio-economic status Johannesburg is known as the leading city in South Africa in terms of its economic profile (Wikipedia, 2010). It contributes the highest to the country’s GDP and employment rate. When comparing the employment percentage figures of 2001 and 2007 based on Census 2001 and the community survey of 2007 of Statistics SA, there seems to be a huge increase (39%) in the number of people without an income. However, there has been a huge increase in the number of people in the various income groups as well. Migration again plays an important factor in the distribution of income level groups within the country. The CoJ experiences major influxes of people from all over the country since it is perceived as

v

having better employment opportunities. The CoJ therefore attracts both employed and unemployed people, with the view of improving their career prospects as well as those looking for employment.

4.3 Waste Management Systems

Existing waste management systems within the CoJ have been explored in order to determine gaps and challenges facing the CoJ.

4.3.1 Roles and Responsibilities

In terms of the Constitution of South Africa (Act 108 of 1996) and the Municipal Systems Act, 2000 (Act 32 of 2000), the CoJ is mandated to provide waste collection, disposal and cleansing services to all its residents. There are currently 5 key sections which are directly involved in providing a waste management service within the CoJ as shown in Figure 5 below. These are the following:

• Environment: This department includes the Waste Management and Licensing section among others. It is responsible for strategic planning and policy formulation.

• Infrastructure and Services Department (ISD): The ISD is the department responsible for managing all MOEs/utilities/agencies responsible for delivering waste management services on behalf of the CoJ and ensuring that they perform according to their Service Delivery Agreement (SDA).

• Johannesburg Metropolitan Police Department (JMPD): As part of its mandate, the JMPD has a section dedicated to the enforcement of the city By-Laws. This includes the Waste By-Laws.

• Pikitup (PTY) Ltd.: Pikitup was formed in 2001 as a waste management utility, wholly owned by the CoJ, tasked to perform all operational duties with regards to waste collection and disposal.

• Environmental Health: As part of their mandate in terms of the health Act (Act No. of 61 of 2003), environmental health officers undertake waste management duties, especially compliance and enforcement monitoring.

4.3.2 Waste generation

The latest data on waste generation in the CoJ indicates that a total of 1 492 000 tonnes of general waste is generated per annum (GDACE, 2008). This translates to a reduction of 4.4% in general waste generation when compared to figures reported in 2003 (CoJ, 2003). It is important to note that these figures are based on disposal data, hence may not be a true reflection of the generation rates. This excludes all waste diverted away from landfill, waste disposed illegally and waste not collected due to waste service delivery backlogs. The accuracy of these figures can further be challenged on the basis of data capture and record keeping at landfill sites in the absence of properly operated weighbridges or any other weighing devices (CoJ, 2008).

4.3.3 Waste composition

Based on data collected over a period of three years (2007/08 to 2009/10), the weekly waste collection from households, contributes the highest percentage of the waste stream at 54.7%. The remaining 45.3% comprises other sources such as street cleaning (6.3%), garden refuse (9.7%), builders’ rubble in its different categories (12.2%) and waste cleared from illegal dumping areas contributing 16.5%. This makes illegal dumping the second biggest waste stream illustrating that illegal dumping is still a serious problem within the CoJ.

vi

4.3.4 Collection and Disposal

Pikitup owns and operates 11 waste management depots strategically located throughout the city, 42 garden refuse sites, 4 landfill sites (NB: 2 landfill sites are closed and currently being rehabilitated and monitored, while additional private sites are also being used to dispose of waste at a fee), 1 composting plant and 1 incinerator.

4.3.4.1 Fleet Pikitup’s fleet assets are currently provided by Fleet Africa whose contract is due to end in a year (2011). The key aspects in fleet management which ensure optimum and efficient operation are availability and reliability. Currently, the existing fleet performs below the set standard in terms of their Service Level Agreement (SLA) (Pikitup, 2010d). This can impact negatively on service delivery as it can increase vehicle down time. Fleet operation costs make up about 28% of the total Pikitup operational costs.

4.3.4.2 Disposal The 2009/10 figures, which only include figure of up to March 2010, indicate that all disposal sites show a decline in the disposal rates since 2008/09 with Marie Louise having the most dramatic decline. When assuming a yearly average for the remaining months to complete a year (April, May, June), the trend changes. Marie Louise and Ennerdale still show a decline in waste disposal rates while Goudkoppies maintains a steady rate. Robinson Deep on the other hand shows a slight increase in its deposition rate. Linbro landfill site was closed in 2007 and is no longer in use. An arrangement had been made for waste from Midrand and Ivory Park to be disposed at the Chloorkop landfill site, which is privately owned, at a fee. This decision was informed by the economies of proximity as this site was closest to the generation areas than transporting the waste to one of the CoJ sites. The lifespan of the Chloorkop landfill site is estimated to end in 2011, after which general waste from Midrand and Ivory Park will have to be accommodated in an alternative landfill site (CoJ, 2008). Pikitup has further entered into an agreement with the privately owned Mooiplaats landfill site, situated approximately eight kilometres from Diepsloot, to accept waste from July 2007 (CoJ, 2008). The costs of disposing at the Mooiplaats site are also escalating considerably, necessitating an alternative disposal option to be sort. The combined total available airspace and life spans for all 4 operating sites of the CoJ is currently 8 years with Robinson Deep contributing about 17 years, Goudkoppies having 6 years while Ennerdale and Marie Louise both only have a year left. The CoJ therefore has a critical need for alternative disposal options. Preliminary studies have explored different options that need further investigation. These options include developing additional cells at the existing sites, developing an additional landfill site and rigorously implementing and expanding on programmes that encourage diversion of waste from landfill, such as composting and waste to energy projects.

4.3.5 Waste minimisation

The CoJ has to critically consider waste minimisation options both as a legal requirement since the Waste Act is more inclined towards waste minimisation as well as the reality of diminishing airspace for the existing sites and the reality of limited suitable and available space for new sites. This scenario has forced a paradigm shift in the thinking and planning of the CoJ. The approach adopts the Waste Management Hierarchy principles which advocate for waste reduction, re-use, recycling and recovery as the preferred waste management options and disposal as the last resort to deal with the residue. The majority of the garden waste sites of the CoJ also act as drop-off centres for recyclables such as paper, plastic and cans. Some of the sites also accept e-waste. In addition to the garden sites, the CoJ

vii

operates 18 buy-back centres. There are also 19 shopping centres where recyclables may be deposited. These facilities accept glass, plastic, cardboard, paper, tins, metal and E-waste. An estimated 29 526 tonnes per annum, of which 61% is glass and metal, are recovered through all these centres (CoJ, 2008). Key waste minimisation programmes currently undertaken by Pikitup include:

� Source separation � Composting � Crushing of building and demolition waste � Recycling requirements placed at events held within the CoJ � Formation of a reclaimers’ committee to establish formal communication lines between the CoJ

and the reclaimers.

4.3.6 Backlogs

In terms of the recent reports from Pikitup all areas are provided with at least a weekly basic waste service, hence no service backlogs exist within the CoJ (ISD, 2010). In addition to the weekly service provided, Pikitup offers a daily cleaning programme to informal settlements. This is done through the use of community and output based contractors. Currently only 47% (86 out of 182) of these settlement receive this service. This 47% of settlements covers about 81% of units (165, 763 units out of a total of 203, 078 units) city wide (Pikitup, 2010d).

4.3.7 Illegal dumping

Like in many other cities in the country, the CoJ faces major challenges of illegal dumping. Pikitup has cleaned up approximately 13 900 tonnes of waste dumped illegally during 2007 (CoJ, 2008). On average Pikitup spends about R80 million per annum on clearing illegal dumping (Pikitup, 2010a). In addition Pikitup has embarked on several other projects to discourage illegal dumping including the inner city environmental education awareness campaign.

4.3.8 Community awareness, capacity building and public participation

A variety of programmes are undertaken as part of community awareness and public participation initiatives within the CoJ. These include: • Community environmental awards, where schools and environmental forums are recognised for their

role in environmental management issues. • Clean-up campaigns where members of the community are encouraged to participate in cleaning up a

particular identified area in the hope of cultivating a sense of responsibility for community members to clean their surroundings.

• Educational awareness programmes for different target groups including hawkers, shop owners and schools.

• Partnerships with different stakeholders resulting in campaigns against littering and illegal dumping. • The use of performance arts to communicate messages on waste management.

5 GAP ANALYSIS AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT

5.1 Pressures and Challenges

Rapid population growth within the CoJ and associated economic development, which ultimately results in increased waste generation, is the key pressure resulting in the current waste management challenges in the city (Pikitup, 2010a and CoJ, 2008). Increased population further places pressure on the level of service the city can deliver (CoJ, 2008). The following needs were identified in this study:

� Waste Minimisation, Recycling, Re-use and Recovery:

viii

o Separation at source needs to be rolled out to the whole of the CoJ. o A waste characterisation study is required. o Green waste collected at the CoJ garden sites needs to be diverted to other privately run

composting plants not just the CoJ plant. o A framework for the coordination of establishing and running community based recycling

programmes has to be initiated. o There is a need to develop a strong legal framework to drive and enforce the waste

minimisation and recycling agenda. o There is a need for the formation of partnerships in order to facilitate the involvement of all

relevant stakeholder groups to ensure the sustainability of recycling programmes and attainment of set targets.

o There is a need to embrace and engage the existing informal recycling sector in new proposed formal recycling programmes and discourage the continual unfolding of informal recyclers.

o There is a need to continually and consistently undertake awareness and education programmes that target all relevant stakeholder groups.

o The CoJ as the authority should take a lead and operate in a manner that shows their dedication to facilitating waste minimisation and recycling principles by introducing waste separation at source initiatives in all CoJ offices and operational sites.

� Compliance and enforcement o There is a need to update the existing By-Laws to ensure relevance to the CoJ needs and

focus and priorities as well as alignment with national and provincial priorities. o Active compliance monitoring and enforcement of the By-laws and other relevant pieces

of legislation is essential. A Compliance and Enforcement section needs to be formed.

� Integrated Planning o All departments and companies directly involved with different aspects of waste

management services delivery should have a formalised communication structure. o Development planning in the City must also consider waste service provision and

therefore early engagement and communication between planners and those involved in waste management is needed.

� Waste data capture and management o The CoJ needs to undertake a waste survey to determine the actual waste generation

rates within the city. o There is need to develop and implement a centralised waste information system for the

CoJ which will standardise waste data capture.

� Waste treatment and disposal o The CoJ needs to come up with ways of saving/maximising landfill airspace (E.g. Waste

minimisation and recycling options, Potential for regional collaboration on new landfill site developments, Alternative disposal and/or treatment options).

o The CoJ needs to ensure that all its disposal facilities (closed, operational and new) are licensed in terms of the Waste Act and compliant to their license conditions.

� Awareness raising and capacity building o Education, awareness campaigns and capacity building programmes need to be

developed, implemented and improved on for all stakeholder groups.

ix

o The Department of Education should be approached and negotiate that environmental issues, including waste management issues, be included in the curriculum.

� Waste Service Delivery o A daily cleansing service should be provided to all citizens within the CoJ. o The CoJ needs to develop a Free Basic Refuse Removal strategy in line with the national

policy and the CoJ indigent policy. o A full cost accounting exercise needs to be undertaken in order to ensure a sustainable

collection process where the costs of delivering the service are recovered through tariffs. The balance between affordability and cost recovery will among others be offset by the FBRR Policy referred to above.

Based on the gaps identified, the needs for the CoJ are identified and subsequently addressed as part of the target setting and formulation of the action plan in subsequent chapters.

6 GOALS OBJECTIVES, TARGETS AND ACTION PLANS

This IWM Plan aims to facilitate the implementation of the IWM Policy of the CoJ. Eight (8) core goals have been identified for the IWM Plan on the basis of the CoJ IWM Policy objectives and mandate as derived from the Waste Act. These goals address the main challenges identified within the CoJ while taking cognisance of the national and provincial targets including the overall objective of the CoJ to be a clean city. For each goal, a set of objectives, targets and an action plan is included. Additional four (4) support goals have also been identified. These goals offer support and facilitate the attainment of the core goals. It is important to note that the Targets and Action plan have a long term view. The following are important to note in order to understand the set targets in context:

� Targets relating to developing plans/strategies/policies etc imply that subsequent years should be dedicated to the implementation of such plans/strategies/policies etc.

� Targets relating to the initiation of a programme imply that subsequent years are dedicated to the further implementation of such programmes.

7 INSTRUMENTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IWMP

7.1 Partnerships

The costs and needs of a sustainable waste management system are huge and hence require input and participation from its varied stakeholders. It is thus important for municipalities to form partnerships with different stakeholders to try and sustain and promote good waste management practices for all their community members. There are a wide range of partnerships that can be formed including Public-Public, Public-Private and Public-Community partnerships.

7.2 Legal and Policy Instruments

A critical component to the implementation of the IWMP is the supporting legal framework. This framework needs to support and guide the implementation of the objectives of the IWMP. The Integrated Waste Management Policy as well as the By-laws are currently also being reviewed, although the review process for the by-laws has been delayed. This provides an excellent chance to ensure that both the plan and policy are aligned and support the implementation of the desired objectives.

x

7.3 Economic Instruments

Financing of waste management services is dependent on accurate costing of the required services. The full cost of waste service provision is seldom understood by both municipal officials as well as the general public. This results in waste management services often being under budgeted and/or communities’ reluctance to pay the rightful cost of the service. Some of the interventions that can be implemented include undertaking a full cost accounting exercise, implementing recycling programmes to lower disposal costs as well as incentivising recycling and waste minimisation by introducing Pay-as-you throw principles to lower collection charges. The implementation of this IWMP can necessitate both capital and operational costs which can be funded through potential avenues listed in the table below. Funding Options

Capital Funding Operational Funding Own funding Tariffs Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG) Rates Consolidated Municipal Infrastructure Programme (CMIP) Equitable share Municipal Systems Improvement Programme (MSIP) Donor funding Extended Public Works Programme (EPWP) Carbon credits Donor funding Product revenue Financial institution (e.g. DBSA) Public-private partnerships Provincial and National government allocations Additional sources of funding which can also serve to achieve some of the objectives of this IWM Plan are the implementation of taxes. The use of taxes can encourage and/or discourage certain behaviours and attitudes towards waste management. For instance, certain taxes can encourage recycling and discourage production of certain products or the usage of certain materials in the production processes. 8 ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION AND CONSULTATION

Several communication actions are needed to raise awareness about integrated waste management actions. These actions include communications between government departments, within government departments, between the government and industry/businesses, and between the government and the public. Communication should be such that every person understands the importance of responsible waste management and is empowered to take part in initiatives with confidence.

8.1 Communicate by example

The successful implementing of waste management initiatives within government will send out a clear message to all waste generators that the CoJ is serious about reducing reliance on landfill disposal and managing waste in a manner that is protective of the environment and society. This will also foster a deeper understanding and appreciation of waste management issues for municipal officials, which will in turn reflect in their influence on the broader community. This will set an example to the community and contribute towards the successful implementation of the IWM Plan.

8.2 Benchmarking

Benchmarking encourages sharing and learning between municipalities. The value of such exercises lies within the active learning and comparing that takes place, as well as the implementation of good practices related to waste management following such benchmarking exercises. Benchmarking will only

xi

have value if municipalities with a fair amount of similarities (background, number of residents and income) compare their good practices.

8.3 Communicate for public awareness

Public buy-in is essential for the implementation of an integrated waste management plan. The level of public buy-in will be determined by the communication between the CoJ and the public, the knowledge the public has about waste management, how convenient it is for the public to take part in the waste management initiatives, the sense of pride the public takes in their environment, and the example set by the municipality. 9 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

In order to ensure meaningful integration and successful implementation of the IWM Plan, there is a need to clearly differentiate the roles and responsibilities of all relevant stakeholders within the CoJ boundaries. These roles and responsibilities are directly based on the requirements of the Constitution and other relevant legislation such as the NEMWA as well as per the IWM Policy.

9.1 City of Johannesburg’s Responsibilities

9.1.1 Municipal Manager

The City Manager is ultimately responsible for ensuring that waste within his/her areas of jurisdiction is managed in accordance with legislative requirements of South Africa.

9.1.2 Waste Management Officer

The Waste Management Officer (WMO) designated in terms of Section 10 (3) of NEMWA, is responsible for ensuring that the dedicated waste management staff and the services provided by these staff meet the requirements of the Policy and are compliant with the legislation of South Africa. The WMO is also responsible for the coordination of waste management activities to ensure integration. It is the responsibility of all staff to adhere to all relevant legislation, including the IWM Policy, and this Plan.

9.1.3 Environmental Management Department

Environmental management department is the department that houses the Waste Management directorate. Some issues although specific to waste management are best handled at a broader level of environmental concerns due to the overlaps in disciplines and the integration required in dealing with such e.g. compliance and enforcement. It is therefore recommended that a section for compliance and monitoring of environmental legislation, which will include waste management be established within the environment department. This section will work together with JMPD and environmental health as the need arises, but will be the central point for all compliance monitoring and enforcement issues relating to NEMA and all its subsidiary legislation.

9.1.4 Waste Management Directorate

The Waste Management Directorate in the Department: Environmental Management is primarily responsible for strategic planning and policy formulation making it the core directorate to play the coordination and integration role within the CoJ. Their specific roles will thus include the following: • Waste Information System (WIS); • Auditing to ensure that all departments, MOEs, Contractors and Agencies dealing with waste are in

compliance with this plan and the IWM Policy.

xii

• Accident and incident management and reporting. • Ensure that the CoJ adheres to all national and provincial legal obligations.

9.1.5 Infrastructure and Serviced Department

The ISD is the department responsible for managing all MOEs/utilities/agencies responsible for delivering waste management services on behalf of the CoJ and ensuring that they perform according to their Service Delivery Agreement (SDA). Pikitup, which performs all operational duties with regards to waste collection and disposal, is one such utility which is managed by ISD.

9.1.6 Line Department Managers

Other line Departmental Managers within the CoJ where relevant will be responsible for:

� Ensuring that staff under their control is aware of the IWM Policy and Plan and that the mandatory training requirements of staff are fulfilled.

� Ensuring that where appropriate operational plans in relation to the implementation of the IWM Plan are developed and progress reporting in relation to same is undertaken.

� Assisting the Waste Management Department to make improvements to departmental waste management systems where accidents or incidents occur.

9.1.7 Responsibilities of Governance Structures of the CoJ

The Regions’ general responsibility is to monitor the outcomes of service delivery, and to report deficiencies to service departments for corrective action. They also have a responsibility to identify projects in terms of the IDP and community needs.

9.2 Stakeholder Responsibilities

Households and industry shall avoid negative impacts from waste on the environment and also play a role in terms of separation of waste at source, waste exchange and cleaner production. Changes in consumption patterns will reduce generation of waste and save our precious non-renewable natural resources. 10 MONITORING AND REVIEW

10.1 Monitoring of IWM Plan

An ongoing monitoring plan for the implementation of the IWMP detailed above should be developed. This monitoring constitutes an essential and integral part of the planning process. Performance and development indicators should be developed during the course of developing operating plans for the different sections responsible for waste management. The monitoring will focus on the short-term objectives of the IWMP to ensure that corrective action can be taken where necessary. Monitoring activities that should to be considered include:

� General Issues: These include budget allocations, human resources, waste generation rates, tariff payments, WIS, legislation, complaints etc.

� Waste prevention and minimisation (e.g. annual reports of waste minimisation programmes and projects, emissions to air, water and land; achievement of targets for prioritised waste streams and pollutants; and information exchange and the establishment of waste minimisation clubs).

xiii

� Collection and transportation (e.g. annual reports on the implementation of collection and transportation services and payment received for waste collection and transportation services against the actual cost for provision of these services).

� Reuse, Recycling and Recovery (e.g. annual reports on waste reuse, recycling and recovery programmes and projects; information exchange between stakeholders; stakeholder forums coordinating new reuse, recycling and recovery activities; social and environmental impacts of the implementation of new reuse, recycling and recovery initiatives).

� Treatment (e.g. registration and licensing of waste treatment facilities; auditing of waste treatment facilities by provincial authorities; environmental performance and impact; provision of adequate hazardous waste treatment facilities).

Disposal (e.g. registration and licensing of waste disposal facilities; auditing of general waste disposal facilities by provincial departments; environmental performance and impact; provision of adequate hazardous waste disposal facilities; management and control of salvaging at landfill sites).

10.2 Evaluation and Review of IWM Plan

The IWMP is a living document which has to be reviewed on an on-going basis. An IWMP is intrinsically linked to the IDP hence its review cycle should be aligned with that of the IDP process. An IWMP is ideally reviewed every 5 years. An annual update is however encouraged to ensure that the IWMP remains relevant and effective. This will also facilitate the updating of the IWMP in view of the targets set in the plans/strategies/policies as per the Action Plan developed in this IWMP. A longer review period may result in the IWMP being less relevant and hence stakeholders losing faith in it and finally not using it.

xiv

DEFINITIONS

Definitions listed below that are defined in terms of the National Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008 has the same meaning as in the Act and are listed below for ease of reference. A basic waste management service means to have access to at least once-a-week refuse removal services.

Best Practicable Environmental Option means the option that provides the most benefit or causes the least damage to the environment as a whole, at a cost acceptable to society, in the long term as well as in the short term. Building and demolition waste means waste, excluding hazardous waste, produced during the construction, alteration, repair or demolition of any structure, and includes rubble, earth, rock and wood displaced during that construction, alteration, repair or demolition. Buy-back Centre means a location where discarded materials can be exchanged for money for further transportation to a recycling facility. The price for the waste is determined by the current markets and the quantities of waste. Business Waste means waste that emanates from premises that are used wholly or mainly for commercial, retail, wholesale, entertainment or government administration purposes;

Composting means biologically degrading organic materials in the presence of oxygen, yielding carbon dioxide, heat and stabilised organic residues that may be used as a soil additive.

Container means a disposable or re-usable vessel in which waste is placed for the purposes of storing, accumulating, handling, transporting, treating or disposing of that waste, and includes bins, bin-liners and skips;

Cradle to cradle means substances and products shall be designed and managed such that environmental impact is avoided or minimised during waste generation, treatment (recycling), collection, transport and final disposal. Disposal means the burial, deposit, discharge, abandoning, dumping, placing or release of any waste into, or onto, any land. Domestic waste means waste, excluding hazardous waste, that emanates from premises that are used wholly or mainly for residential, educational, health care, sport or recreation purposes; Designated officer means a person in the employ of the Council authorised to be a designated officer in terms of (Section 10(5)) of the NEMWA, Act 59 of 2008;

General waste means waste that does not pose an immediate hazard or threat to health or to the environment, and includes—

(a) domestic waste; (b) building and demolition waste; (c) business waste: and (d) inert waste.

Green Procurement refers to procurement processes that favour products and services with demonstrated reduced environmental impacts.

xv

Hazardous waste means any waste that contains organic or inorganic elements or compounds that may, owing to the inherent physical, chemical or toxicological cause harm to the human health and the environment. Holder of waste means any person who imports, generates, stores, accumulates, transports, processes, treats or exports waste or disposes of waste. Hazardous waste means any waste that contains organic or inorganic elements or compounds that may, owing to the inherent physical, chemical or toxicological characteristics of that waste, have a detrimental impact on health and the environment; High income group means households which fall within the Living Standard Measure (LSM) of 5 – 10) Inert Waste means waste that—

(a) does not undergo any significant physical, chemical or biological transformation after disposal; (b) does not burn, react physically or chemically biodegrade or otherwise adversely affect any other

matter or environment with which it may come into contact; and (c) does not impact negatively on the environment, because of its pollutant content and because the

toxicity of its leachate is insignificant; Integrated Waste Management Plan means a plan prepared in terms of section 12 of NEMWA. Landfill means an appropriately designed, engineered and authorised waste disposal facility.

Low income group means households which fall within the Living Standard Measure (LSM) of 1 - 5

Materials Recovery Facility means a centre for the reception and transfer of materials recovered from the waste stream for recycling. Materials are sorted by type and treated (cleaning and compression). Pollution means any change in the environment caused by-

(a) substances; (b) radioactive or other waves; or (c) noise odours, dust or heat,

emitted from any activity, including the storage or treatment of waste or substances, construction and the provision of services, whether engaged in by any person, or organ of state, where that changes has an adverse effect on human health or well-being or on the composition, resilience and productivity of natural or managed ecosystems, or on materials useful to people, or will have such an effect in future. Recovery means the controlled extraction of a material or the retrieval of energy from waste to produce a product;

Recycle means a process where waste is reclaimed for further use, which process involves the separation of waste from a waste stream for further use and the processing of that separated material as a product or raw material; Re-use means to utilise articles from the waste stream again for a similar or different purpose without changing the form or properties of the articles; Separation at Source means the separation of recyclable material from other waste at the point and time the waste is generated. This includes separation of recyclable material into its component categories and may include further separation within each category.

xvi

Treatment means any method, technique or process that is designed to— (a) change the physical, biological or chemical character or composition of a waste; or (b) remove, separate, concentrate or recover a hazardous or toxic component of a waste; or (c) destroy or reduce the toxicity of a waste, in order to minimise the impact of the waste on the environment prior to further use or disposal;

Waste means any substance, whether or not that substance can be reduced, re-used, recycled and recovered—

(a) that is surplus, unwanted, rejected, discarded, abandoned or disposed of; (b) which the generator has no further use of for the purposes of production; (c) that must be treated or disposed of; or (d) that is identified as a waste by the Minister by notice in the Gazette, and includes waste

generated by the mining, medical or other sector, but— (i) a by-product is not considered waste; and (ii) any portion of waste, once re-used, recycled and recovered, ceases to be waste.

Waste Avoidance means to employ efficiency-centred actions that remove or reduce the need to consume materials in the first place and hence avoid the generation of waste, but deliver the same outcome. Avoidance is at the top of the waste hierarchy. Waste generator means in this case any source of general waste that may contain recyclables that can be separated at source for purposes of formalised recycling. Waste Hierarchy is a concept promoting waste avoidance ahead of recycling and disposal, the waste hierarchy is recognised as promoting management of wastes in the order of preference: avoidance, reduce, reuse, recycle, recover and disposal. Waste Management Services means waste collection, treatment, recycling and disposal services

Waste Minimisation means techniques used to keep waste generation at a minimum level in order to divert materials from landfill. The term waste minimisation is also applied to recycling and other efforts to reduce the amount of waste going into the waste stream

Waste Minimisation Club is where businesses in a particular geographic area, group together to negotiate better terms/services from waste contractors. The Club may also share facilities and equipment and exchange waste items that may be of use to another business. The focus should eventually lead to waste minimisation efforts being put in place by the businesses.

Waste Transfer Facility means a facility that is used to accumulate and temporarily store waste before it is transported to a recycling, treatment or waste disposal facility.

Review of the Integrated Waste Management Plan for the City of Johannesburg

CoJ IWM Plan – March 2011

xvii

TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... I 1 BACKGROUND TO IWM PLANNING ...................................................................................................... I 2 METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................................................... I 3 KEY LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................................... I

3.1 National Legislation ......................................................................................................... i 3.1.1 Other Relevant National Legislation ............................................................................... ii 3.1.2 National Standards and Regulations .............................................................................. ii 3.1.3 National Policies and Strategies ..................................................................................... ii

3.2 Provincial Legislation .................................................................................................... iii 3.3 Local level legislation .................................................................................................... iv

4 WASTE MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE COJ .......................................................................................... IV

4.1 Geographic Area ............................................................................................................ iv 4.2 Socio-economic Analysis .............................................................................................. iv

4.2.1 COJ Demographics ....................................................................................................... iv

4.3 Waste Management Systems ......................................................................................... v 4.3.1 Roles and Responsibilities ............................................................................................ v 4.3.2 Waste generation .......................................................................................................... v 4.3.3 Waste composition ........................................................................................................ v 4.3.4 Collection and Disposal ................................................................................................. vi 4.3.5 Waste minimisation ...................................................................................................... vi 4.3.6 Backlogs ...................................................................................................................... vii 4.3.7 Illegal dumping ............................................................................................................ vii 4.3.8 Community awareness, capacity building and public participation ............................. vii

5 GAP ANALYSIS AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT ..................................................................................... VII

5.1 Pressures and Challenges ........................................................................................... vii 6 GOALS OBJECTIVES, TARGETS AND ACTION PLANS .................................................................... IX 7 INSTRUMENTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IWMP ........................................................... IX

7.1 Partnerships ................................................................................................................... ix 7.2 Legal and Policy Instruments ....................................................................................... ix 7.3 Economic Instruments .................................................................................................... x

8 ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION AND CONSULTATION ........................................................... X

8.1 Communicate by example .............................................................................................. x 8.2 Benchmarking ................................................................................................................. x 8.3 Communicate for public awareness ............................................................................. xi

9 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ......................................................................................................... XI

9.1 City of Johannesburg’s Responsibilities ..................................................................... xi 9.1.1 Municipal Manager ........................................................................................................ xi 9.1.2 Waste Management Officer ........................................................................................... xi 9.1.3 Environmental Management Department ...................................................................... xi



xviii

9.1.4 Waste Management Directorate .................................................................................... xi 9.1.5 Infrastructure and Serviced Department ...................................................................... xii 9.1.6 Line Department Managers .......................................................................................... xii 9.1.7 Responsibilities of Governance Structures of the CoJ ................................................. xii

9.2 Stakeholder Responsibilities ....................................................................................... xii 10 MONITORING AND REVIEW ................................................................................................................. XII

10.1 Monitoring of IWM Plan ................................................................................................ xii 10.2 Evaluation and Review of IWM Plan ........................................................................... xiii

DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................................. XIV ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................................. XXII 1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Scope of Work ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Background to IWM Planning ........................................................................................ 1

2 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................................... 2

2.1 Literature review .............................................................................................................. 2 2.2 Stakeholder engagement ................................................................................................ 2

3 KEY LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ......................................................................................................... 3

3.1 National Legislation ........................................................................................................ 4 3.1.1 Constitution of South Africa ........................................................................................... 4 3.1.2 National Environmental Management Act ..................................................................... 4 3.1.3 National Environmental Management: Waste Act ......................................................... 5 3.1.4 The National Health Act ................................................................................................ 8 3.1.5 Municipal Structures Act ................................................................................................ 9 3.1.6 Municipal Systems Act .................................................................................................. 9

3.2 National Standards and Regulations ............................................................................. 9 3.2.1 National Domestic Waste Collection Standards ............................................................ 9 3.2.2 Waste Information Regulations ................................................................................... 10 3.2.3 Waste Tyre Regulations .............................................................................................. 10

3.3 National Policies and Strategies .................................................................................. 10 3.3.1 Integrated Pollution and Waste Management Policy ................................................... 10 3.3.2 National Waste Management Summit: Polokwane Declaration .................................. 11 3.3.3 National Policy on Thermal Treatment of General and Hazardous Waste .................. 11 3.3.4 Draft Free Basic Refuse Removal Policy .................................................................... 11 3.3.5 National Waste Management Strategy ........................................................................ 12 3.3.6 National Cleaner Production Strategy ......................................................................... 12 3.3.7 Development of a core set of Environmental Performance Indicators ........................ 12 3.3.8 Local Government Turnaround Strategy ..................................................................... 14 3.3.9 Minimum Requirements .............................................................................................. 14

3.4 Provincial Legislation ................................................................................................... 15 3.4.1 Gauteng Provincial Integrated Waste Management Policy ......................................... 15 3.4.2 First Generation Integrated Hazardous Waste Management Plan for Gauteng .......... 17



xix

3.4.3 Gauteng Provincial Standards and Regulations .......................................................... 18

3.5 Local level legislation ................................................................................................... 19 3.5.1 Waste By-laws ............................................................................................................. 19

4 WASTE MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE COJ ......................................................................................... 19

4.1 Geographic Area ........................................................................................................... 19 4.2 Socio-economic Analysis ............................................................................................. 21

4.2.1 COJ Demographics ..................................................................................................... 21 4.2.2 Socio-economic status ................................................................................................ 23

4.3 Waste Management Systems ....................................................................................... 24 4.3.1 Roles and Responsibilities .......................................................................................... 24 4.3.2 Waste generation ........................................................................................................ 26 4.3.3 Waste composition ...................................................................................................... 27 4.3.4 Collection and Disposal ............................................................................................... 28 4.3.5 Waste minimisation ..................................................................................................... 33 4.3.6 Underground Bin Project ............................................................................................. 37 4.3.7 Backlogs ...................................................................................................................... 37 4.3.8 Illegal dumping ............................................................................................................ 38 4.3.9 Community awareness, capacity building and public participation ............................. 38

4.4 Future Plans ................................................................................................................... 39 5 GAP ANALYSIS AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT ..................................................................................... 40

5.1 Pressures and Challenges ........................................................................................... 40 6 GOALS OBJECTIVES, TARGETS AND ACTION PLANS ................................................................... 47

6.1 Waste Minimisation, Reuse, Recycling and Recovery .............................................. 47 6.2 Waste Treatment and Disposal .................................................................................... 53 6.3 Integrated Planning ....................................................................................................... 57 6.4 Effective Service Delivery ............................................................................................. 59 6.5 Waste Information Systems ......................................................................................... 62 6.6 Capacity Building and Awareness Raising ................................................................. 65 6.7 Compliance and Enforcement ...................................................................................... 68 6.8 Pollution Control ........................................................................................................... 70 6.9 Budget and Financial Management ............................................................................. 71 6.10 Capacity and Human Resource ................................................................................... 71 6.11 Performance Monitoring and Reporting ..................................................................... 72 6.12 Cooperative Governance .............................................................................................. 72

7 INSTRUMENTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IWMP .......................................................... 73

7.1 Partnerships .................................................................................................................. 73 7.2 Legal and Policy Instruments ...................................................................................... 73 7.3 Economic Instruments .................................................................................................. 74

8 ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION AND CONSULTATION ......................................................... 75

8.1 Communicate by example ............................................................................................ 76



xx

8.2 Benchmarking ............................................................................................................... 76 8.3 Communicate for public awareness ............................................................................ 76

8.3.1 Public participation ...................................................................................................... 77 8.3.2 Information transfer ..................................................................................................... 77 8.3.3 The message ............................................................................................................... 77 8.3.4 Providing an enabling environment ............................................................................. 78

9 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................................................................................ 78

9.1 City of Johannesburg’s Responsibilities .................................................................... 78 9.1.1 Municipal Manager ...................................................................................................... 78 9.1.2 Waste Management Officer ......................................................................................... 79 9.1.3 Environmental Management Department .................................................................... 79 9.1.4 Waste Management Directorate .................................................................................. 79 9.1.5 Infrastructure and Serviced Department ..................................................................... 79 9.1.6 Line Department Managers ......................................................................................... 80

9.2 Responsibilities of Governance Structures of the CoJ ............................................. 80 9.3 Stakeholder Responsibilities ....................................................................................... 80

10 MONITORING AND REVIEW ................................................................................................................. 81

10.1 Monitoring of IWM Plan ................................................................................................ 81 10.2 Evaluation and Review of IWM Plan ............................................................................ 83

11 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................................................... 84 ANNEXURE 1 .................................................................................................................................................. 88 COMMENTS AND ISSUES ............................................................................................................................. 88

ANNEXURE 2 ....................................................................................................................... 107 SUMMARY OF INTERNATIONAL GOOD WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES .............. 107

ANNEXES

Annexure 1: Comments and Issues Annexure 2: Summary of International Good Waste Management Practices

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Summary of Legislation relevant to Waste Management

Table 2: Summary of Minimum Requirements Documents

Table 3: New Regions of the CoJ

Table 4: Population Sizes of Provinces

Table 5: Population distribution by Districts and Metros within Gauteng

Table 6: Population of the CoJ

Table 7: Services Provided by Pikitup

Table 8: Waste Generation Projections

Table 9: Available Infrastructure, Fleet and Equipment



xxi

Table 10: Available Airspace within the CoJ

Table 11: List of Garden Sites that Accept Builders’ Rubble

Table 12: Builders’ Rubble Estimates

Table 13: Estimated minimum total Building and demolition waste generation in the CoJ Table 14: Gap and Needs Analysis Table 15: Targets for Waste Minimisation, Recycling and Re-use Table 16: Action Plan for Waste Minimisation, Recycling and Re-use Table 17: Targets for Waste Treatment and Disposal

Table 18: Action Plan for Waste Treatment and Disposal

Table 19: Targets for Integrated Waste Management Planning Table 20: Action Plan for Integrated Waste Management Planning Table 21: Targets for Effective Waste Service Delivery

Table 22: Action Plan for Effective Waste Service Delivery

Table 23: Targets for Waste Information Systems

Table 24: Action Plan for Waste Information Systems

Table 25: Targets for Awareness Raising and Capacity Building

Table 26: Action Plan for Awareness Raising and Capacity Building

Table 27: Targets for Compliance and Enforcement

Table 28: Action Plan for Compliance and Enforcement

Table 29: Targets for Pollution Control

Table 30: Action Plan for Pollution Control

Table 31: Funding Options

Table 32: Options for Waste Related Tax Types

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Locality of the CoJ

Figure 2: Legislation Pyramid for Waste Management

Figure 3: New Regions of the CoJ

Figure 4: Population Distribution within the Gauteng Province

Figure 5: Income Levels within the CoJ

Figure 6: Organisational Structure of the CoJ

Figure 7: Waste Disposal Trends for the four Operating Landfill Sites of the CoJ

Figure 8: Waste Disposal Trend Projections for the Four Landfill Sites of the CoJ

Figure 9: Overall Waste disposal Trend within the CoJ

Figure 10: Waste Composition within the COJ

Figure 11: Paradigm Shift in the Waste Hierarchy

Figure 12: Waste Collection Trends

Figure 13: Roles and Responsibilities within the CoJ



xxii

ACRONYMS

CoJ: City of Johannesburg

COGTA: Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs

CSIR: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research

DEA: Department of Environmental Affairs

DWAF: Department of Water Affairs and Forestry

ECA: Environment Conservation Act No 73 of 1989

EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP: Environmental Management Plan

IDP: Integrated Development Plan

IEM: Integrated Environmental Management

IPC: Integrated pollution Control

IWMP: Integrated Waste Management Plan

IP&WM: Integrated Pollution and Waste Management

FBRR: Free Basic Refuse Removal

GDP: Gross Domestic Product

GDACE: Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Environment

GP: Gauteng Province

GPD: Gauteng Province Department

GWCS: General Waste Collection Standards

MEC: Member of the Executive Committee

NEMA: National Environmental Management Act No 107 of 1998

NEMWA: National Environmental Management: Waste Act No 59 of 2008

NWMS: National Waste Management Strategy

PPP: Public Private Partnerships

PSC: Project Steering Committee

SLA: Service Level Agreement

SMME: Small Medium and Micro Enterprises

WIS: Waste Information System



1

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Scope of Work

The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) was appointed by the City of Johannesburg (CoJ) to review its existing Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) of 2005. The objective of the review was to align the Plan of 2005 with the new developments in the South African waste management legislation. This IWMP will therefore replace the 2005 plan. Specific objectives of this study include:

• Updating the status quo information1 relating to waste management in the CoJ, e.g. demographics, socio-economic profile of the CoJ, waste quantities and existing waste management practices.

• Identify the mandate of the CoJ in relation to national and provincial legal prescripts, particularly as it relates to waste management.

• Review the existing IWMP to ensure compliance and alignment with national and provincial legislation, policies, strategies and plans relating to waste management.

The approach for developing this IWMP included 3 phases:

• Phase I - Inception Phase: The scope of the project was confirmed and a detailed project schedule (work plan) including time frames for deliverables agreed upon by the project team, to ensure that the expectations of the client, stakeholders and the CSIR are met.

• Phase II – Status Quo Analysis: A detailed literature review and desktop analysis of the prevailing waste management status in the CoJ in relation to national and provincial trends and legislation. This report serves to set the tone and place into context the review for the Plan.

• Phase III – Review and Amendment of the IWM Policy and Plan: Based on the outcome of Phase II, the Plan will be amended according to ensure alignment with national and provincial legal prescripts as well as relevance and effectiveness to the CoJ.

1.2 Background to IWM Planning

In terms of the 1999 National Waste Management Strategy (DEAT, 1999), local municipalities are required to develop first generation Integrated Waste Management Plans (IWMPs) and to submit such plans to their respective provincial environmental departments. The strategy was however not supported by legislation resulting in voluntary development of IWMPs by municipalities. With the enactment of the National Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008 (Act 59 of 2008), the development of IWMPs became a statutory requirement. Section 4(a) of this Act states that each municipality should prepare and submit an IWMP to the relevant MEC for approval (RSA, 2008). The approved IWMP should then be incorporated into the municipal Integrated Development Plan (IDP) which is contemplated in Chapter 5 of the Municipal Systems Act, 2000 (Act 32 of 2000). 1 As per the terms of reference of this project, the updating of status quo information will not entail new primary data collection, but the collation of existing data from various published and unpublished sources.



2

The primary objective of IWM planning is to integrate and optimise waste management services, thereby maximising efficiency and improving the quality of life of all citizens while the associated environmental impacts and financial costs are minimised (DEAT, 2000). The guideline document for the development of IWM Plans further emphasises that the integration must be both horizontal and vertical within the government departments, as well as in other sectors and throughout the ‘waste life-cycle’ (DEAT, 2000). Effective integration, coordination and alignment of the actions of government at national provincial and local spheres remain an important aspect in ensuring efficient and effective provision of basic services to all (CoJ, 2010). 2 METHODOLOGY

This report was informed by a literature review and stakeholder consultation as outlined below.

2.1 Literature review

To ensure delivery of appropriate and relevant outputs, cognisance was taken of existing work undertaken by the CoJ in the areas of waste management services delivery, policy and legislative frameworks. A review of all relevant national and provincial legislation, policies, standards, regulations, guidelines and other documents relevant to the scope of the project was undertaken as part of this project.

2.2 Stakeholder engagement

The purpose of this stakeholder consultation process was to: • Ensure buy-in and ownership of the Plan by the relevant stakeholders • Gather information on successes and failures of the policy and plan under revisions • Gain insights into the operations and plans of the CoJ relating to waste management

initiatives • Get consensus on the set targets and action plan to be incorporated into the plan • Facilitate capacity building and awareness raising

The following platforms were used to communicate and get input from a wide range of stakeholders throughout the duration of the study. Project Steering Committee (PSC)

• This committee comprised of representatives from all key departments within the CoJ and the CSIR.

• The PSC ensures easy access to and meaningful participation by key stakeholders. • This PSC met regularly to guide the process, review work done and supply any

information required.



3

Stakeholder workshops • Two (2) internal stakeholder workshops were held. The initial one was intended to

establish the degree of implementation of the 2005 IWMP as well as identify gaps and opportunities to build on.

• One external stakeholder workshop was planned to present the draft reviewed IWMP to the stakeholders and get their input.

• A comment and response list from these workshops is attached as Annexure 1. 3 KEY LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

Key national and provincial pieces of legislation and policies relevant to the CoJ are outlined below. The presentation of this chapter is outlined as follows:

� first, the national legislative framework, policies and strategies;

� secondly, the provincial legislative framework, policies and strategies; and

� the local legislative framework.

Figure 1 below outlines the myriad of legislation which has relevance to waste management one way or the other. Only key pieces of legislation will be discussed in detail in the coming sections. A summary of the other pieces of legislation will be given in Table 2 detailing only its relevance to waste management.

Figure 1: Legislation Pyramid for Waste Management



4

3.1 National Legislation

3.1.1 Constitution of South Africa

The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act 108 of 1996) is the supreme law of the country and provides the legal foundation of the country. As such no government policy or plan will be complete without reference to the relevant sections in the Constitution. The Constitution of South Africa brought about many changes to the way the three spheres of government operate in the arena of environment, including the way waste is being managed. Even though these changes were made prior to the drafting of CoJ’s waste policy and IWMP, these changes are still relevant to the review process of these documents. In this Constitution, Section 24 of the Bill of Rights states that: Everyone has the right to –

(a) an environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being; and

(b) have the environment protected, for the benefit of present and future generations, through reasonable legislative and other.

In particular, waste management service delivery is a local government function in terms of Schedule 5B of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (RSA, 1996). Furthermore, Section 152 (1) of the Constitution states that one of the responsibilities of local government is to ensure that the provision of services to communities is done in a sustainable manner (RSA, 1996).

3.1.2 National Environmental Management Act

The National Environmental Management Act (NEMA), Act 107 of 1998 is the framework legislation that provide for environmental protection in South Africa. The environmental management principles as outlined in this Act form the basis for dealing with environmental issues in this country. The overarching principle is stated to be sustainable development while the more specific principles addressing waste management are:

• “Polluter pays” – those responsible for environmental damage must pay both the costs to repair the damage to the environment and human health as well as the costs associated with preventative measures to reduce or prevent further pollution or environmental damage.

• “Cradle-to-grave” – responsibility for the environmental health and safety consequences of

a policy, program, project, product, process, service or activity exists throughout its lifecycle. It is starts with conceptualization and planning and runs through all stages of implementation to re-use, recycling and ultimate disposal of product and waste or decommissioning of installations.

• “Precaution” - government will apply a risk averse and cautious approach that recognises

the limits of current knowledge about the environmental consequences of decisions or actions.



5

• “Waste avoidance and minimisation” – waste management must minimise and avoid the

creation of waste at source, especially in the case of toxic and hazardous waste. Government must encourage waste recycling, separation at source and safe disposal of unavoidable waste.

As part of achieving sustainable development, this Act imposes duty on everyone who causes, has caused or may cause significant pollution or degradation of the environment to take reasonable measures to prevent it from occurring, continuing or recurring (Section 28(1)). Where harm to the environment is authorized by a law or cannot reasonably be avoided or stopped, a duty exists to minimize and rectify the harm (Section 28(1)). Although everyone has this duty, the act singles out the owner of the land or the person in control of the land to take measures to avoid further pollution and to remedy the effects of the pollution (Section 28 (2)). The measures stated in the Act include:

• Investigate, assess and evaluate the impact on the environment;

• Inform and educate employees about the environmental risks of their work and the manner in which their tasks must be performed in order to avoid causing significant pollution or degradation of the environment;

• Cease, modify or control any act, activity or process causing the pollution or degradation;

• Contain or prevent the movement of pollutants or the causation of degradation;

• Eliminate any source of the pollution or degradation;

• Remedy the effects of the pollution or degradation (Section 28(3)).

3.1.3 National Environmental Management: Waste Act

The National Environmental Management: Waste Act (NEMWA), 2008 came into effect on 1 July 2009. In its broadest terms, the Act defines “waste” as follows: Waste includes any substance, whether solid, liquid or gaseous, which is�

(i) discharged, emitted or deposited in the environment in such volume, consistency or manner as to cause an alteration to the environment,

(ii) a surplus substance or which is discarded, rejected, unwanted or abandoned, (iii) reused, recycled, reprocessed, recovered or purified by a separate operation from which

produced the substance or which may be or intended to be re-used, recycled, reprocessed, recovered or purified, or

(iv) identified as waste by prescribed regulation The Act also differentiates between general waste and domestic waste.

Domestic Waste means waste, excluding hazardous waste, that emanates from premises that are wholly or mainly for residential, educational, health care, sport or recreation purposes as defined in the National Environmental Management (RSA, 2008).



6

General Waste means waste that does not pose an immediate hazard or threat to health or to the environment, and includes domestic waste, building and demolition waste, business waste, and inert waste.

Sections in the NEMWA that are most relevant to this task are highlighted below.

Section 10 (3) of NEMWA state that each municipality authorised to carry out waste management services by the Municipal Structures Act, 1998 (Act No. 117 of 1998), must designate in writing a waste management officer from its administration to be responsible for co-ordinating matters pertaining to waste management in that municipality. The Act further states in Section 10 (4) that power delegated or duty assigned to a waste management officer by virtue of subsection (1), (2) or (3) may be sub-delegated or further assigned by that officer to another official in the service of the same administration, subject to such limitations or conditions as may be determined by the Minister, MEC or municipality, respectively. One of the important assertions in the Act is found in section 11(4)(a) where it is stated that each municipality must-

(i) submit its integrated waste management plan (IWMP) to the MEC for approval: and

(ii) include the approved IWMP in its integrated development plan (IDP) as contemplated in Chapter 5 of the Municipal Systems Act.

The Act further re-iterates in Section11 (4)(b) that the MEC may within 30 days of receiving an integrated waste management plan or an amendment to an integrated waste management plan—

(i) request a municipality to adjust the plan or the amendment in accordance with the MEC's proposal if the plan or amendment—

(aa) does not comply with a requirement of this Act; or (bb) is in conflict with, or is not aligned with, or negates any relevant integrated waste

management plan or the national waste management strategy; or

(ii) request a municipality to comply with a specific provision of this Act relating to the process of drafting or amending integrated waste management plans if the municipality has failed to comply with the process or provision; or

(iii) approve the plan or amendment.

Section 12 of the Act sets out what should be included in the IWMP and the procedural processes that should be followed. According to Section 12 (1) an integrated waste management plan must at least—

(a) contain a situation analysis that includes—

(i) a description of the population and development profiles of the area to which the plan relates;

(ii) an assessment of the quantities and types of waste that are generated in the area;

(iii) a description of the services that are provided, or that are available, for the collection, minimisation, re-use, recycling and recovery, treatment and disposal of waste; and



7

(iv) the number of persons in the area who are not receiving waste collection services;

(b) within the domain of the Department, provincial department or Municipality, set out how that Department, provincial department or municipality intends—

(i) to give effect, in respect of waste management, to Chapter 3 of the National Environmental Management Act:

(ii) to give effect to the objects of this Act;

(iii) to identify and address the negative impact of poor waste management practices on health and the environment:

(iv) to provide for the implementation of waste minimisation, re-use, recycling and recovery targets and initiatives;

(v) in the case of a municipal integrated waste management plan, to address the delivery of waste management services to residential premises;

(vi) to implement the Republic's obligations in respect of any relevant international agreements;

(vii) to give effect to best environmental practice in respect of waste management.

(c) within the domain of the Department or provincial department, set out how the Department or provincial department intends to identify the measures that are required and that are to be implemented to support municipalities to give effect to the objects of this Act;

(d) set out the priorities and objectives of the Department, provincial department or municipality in respect of waste management;

(e) establish targets for the collection, minimisation, re-use and recycling of waste;

(f) set out the approach of the Department, provincial department or municipality to the planning of any new facilities for disposal and decommissioning of existing waste disposal facilities;

(g) indicate the financial resources that are required to give effect to the plan;

(h) describe how the Department, provincial department or municipality intends to give effect to its integrated waste management plan; and

(i) comply with the requirements prescribed by the Minister.

In Section 12 (2) the Act describes the requirement that in the preparation of an integrated waste management plan, the Department and provincial departments must give proper effect to the requirements contained in Chapter 5 of the Municipal Systems Act, insofar as such plan affects a municipality. The Act also gives directives to have reports on implementation of integrated waste management plans. Section 13 (3) gives instruction that the annual performance report prepared in terms of section 46 of the Municipal Systems Act must contain information on the implementation of the municipal integrated waste management plan, including the information set out in paragraphs (a) to (j) of subsection (2) insofar as it relates to the performance of the municipality. In subsection 13 (3)(2) the Act specifies that the annual performance report that the Department or provincial



8

department must submit in terms of subsection (1) must contain information on the implementation of its integrated waste management plan, including information on—

(a) the extent to which the plan has been implemented during the period;

(b) the waste management initiatives that have been undertaken during the reporting period;

(c) the delivery of waste management services and measures taken to secure the efficient delivery of waste management services, if applicable;

(d) the level of compliance with the plan and any applicable waste management standards;

(e) the measures taken to secure compliance with waste management standards;

(f) the waste management monitoring activities;

(g) the actual budget expended on implementing the plan;

(h) the measures that have been taken to make any necessary amendments to the plan;

(i) in the case of a province, the extent to which municipalities comply with the plan and, in the event of any non-compliance with the plan, the reasons for such non-compliance: and

(j) any other requirements as may be prescribed by the Minister.

A list of waste management activities that have or are likely to have a detrimental effect on the environment are contained in Government Gazette Notice 409 of 2009. Prior to the promulgation of NEMWA, these were listed under the EIA Regulations, GNR 385 and 386 for Basic Assessments and Full EIA respectively.

3.1.4 The National Health Act

The National Health Act, 2003 defines “municipal health services” to include water quality monitoring; food control; waste management; health surveillance of premises; surveillance and prevention of communicable diseases, excluding immunizations; vector control; environmental pollution control; disposal of the dead; and chemical safety, but excludes port health, malaria control and control of hazardous substances. Section 32 of the Act requires that the municipal health services [including waste management] must be effectively and equitably provided. Furthermore, national and provincial government must enter into a service level agreement as contemplated in section 156 (4) of the Constitution, assigning the administration of the listed matters to the municipality. The service level agreement must according to section 32(3) provide for: (a) the services to be rendered by the municipality; (b) the resources that the relevant member of the Executive Council must make available (c) performance standards which must be used to monitor services rendered by the municipality; and (d) conditions under which the agreement may be terminated. This Act also pertains to health care waste management. The Act in relation to waste activities designates the municipal services by including waste management in terms of formulating regulations regarding medical and health care waste by the Minister responsible. An important



9

point to note in the gap analysis of the CoJ IWMP is that careful consideration should be given because health care waste and hazardous waste are considered as a provincial responsibility and this brings about a lot of challenges regarding waste generated by the clinics and heath centres run by the city.

3.1.5 Municipal Structures Act

The Municipal Structures Act (Act 117 of 1998) delineates powers and functions of different categories of municipalities. In terms of this Act, district municipalities have powers and functions relating to the integrated, sustainable and equitable social and economic development of the district. This role should be performed by ensuring integrated development planning for the district as a whole, building the capacity of local municipalities to perform their functions, exercising local municipal powers where capacity is lacking, and promoting the equitable distribution of resources between the local municipalities in its area. The Act further reiterates the functions of local municipalities as contained in the Constitution excluding the ones referred to as district functions. This includes the provision of waste collection and disposal services and cleansing.

3.1.6 Municipal Systems Act

The Municipal Systems Act (Act 32 of 2000) defines the alternative approaches that may be employed in delivering municipal services and the processes to be followed when such alternatives are considered. The need for integrated planning and performance monitoring of both external and internal mechanisms of service delivery are emphasised in the Systems Act. The Act further mandates communities to be encouraged to participate in strategic decision making relating to service delivery.

3.2 National Standards and Regulations

3.2.1 National Domestic Waste Collection Standards

The National Environmental Management: Waste Act (Act No. 59 of 2008) stipulates that standards are required to “give effect to the right to an environment that is not harmful to health and well-being of the people”. The Standards (DEAT, 2009e), stipulate the service levels as varying between:

(a) On-site appropriate and regularly supervised disposal (applicable mainly to remote rural areas with low density settlements and farms supervised by a waste management officer);

(b) Community transfer to central collection point (medium density settlements);

(c) Organised transfer to central collection points and/or kerbside collection (high density settlements); or

(d) Mixture of ‘b’ and ‘c’ above for the medium to high density settlements.

The Standards also stipulate waste Collection in terms of:

(a) Separation at source: All domestic waste must be sorted at source.

(b) Collection of recyclable waste: The municipality must provide an enabling environment for households to recycle domestic waste.



10

(c) Receptacles: Receptacles for the storage of non-reusable and non-recyclable waste must be easily distinguishable from those for the storage of recyclable waste.

(d) Bulk Containers: Bulk containers for the storage of non-reusable and non-recyclable waste must be easily distinguishable and in addition, they must be fitted with reflectors and where appropriate be placed next to a platform for ease of access.

(e) Communal collection points: These must be clearly demarcated areas with appropriate receptacles where household waste can be deposited for collection by the service provider/municipality.

(f) Frequency of Collection: Non-recyclable waste must be removed at least once a week, while recyclable waste must be removed at least once every two weeks.

In addition to the above conditions, the standards also spell out the following:

(a) Drop-off centres for Recyclables: Those not collected at the households must be easily accessible to the public.

(b) Collection vehicles: Those that are the most appropriate for the specific task and geographical terrain must be used.

(c) Health and safety: Existing Occupational Health and Safety legislation must be adhered to.

(d) Communication, awareness creation and complaints: There shall be a designated Waste management Officer and an awareness creation and guidelines to inform the households.

3.2.2 Waste Information Regulations

The Waste Information Regulations (Notice 430 of 2009) give effect to section 60 of NEMWA and regulate the procedure and criteria for the submission and processing of applications to register on the national Waste Information System (WIS). The list of activities requiring registration and reporting on the WIS includes general waste disposal facilities that receive more than 150 tons of waste per day, recycling and treatment facilities, hazardous waste being exported or imported as well as energy recovery facilities. Note that the waste to energy facilities are restricted to waste tyres at this stage.

3.2.3 Waste Tyre Regulations

The Waste Tyre Regulations (No 31901 of 2009, Gazette No R9032) are designed based on Section 24C of ECA, (Act No. 73 of 1989). This design is intended to regulate the handling, storage and disposal of used tyres. To be included in the reviewed CoJ’s IWMP is the enforcement of this requirement. The stipulation in the Waste Act 59 of 2008 is for every municipality to have a waste management officer would resolve the challenge.

3.3 National Policies and Strategies

3.3.1 Integrated Pollution and Waste Management Policy

Environmental legislation, including pollution has historically been fragmented. The Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) project was thus initiated in 1992 as a way of ensuring integrated pollution control. In 1995 waste management was included in the ambit of the IPC and the White Paper on Integrated Pollution and Waste Management IP&WM Policy was subsequently gazetted in 2000.



11

This White Paper was subsequently translated into the National Waste Management Strategy which has been key in guiding waste management in South Africa. This policy formed the basis on which the NEMWA came into being.

3.3.2 National Waste Management Summit: Polokwane Declaration

This declaration was adopted in 2001, and still has much bearing on the current municipal waste management activities. The Polokwane Declaration states optimistically that the goal is to reduce waste generation and disposal by 50% and 25% respectively by 2012 and to develop a zero waste strategy by the year 2022. Although the Polokwane declaration is not legally binding, it is an illustration of how the priority of waste management and waste issues had shifted at that time. Progress towards meeting the targets of this Declaration will inform the setting of new realistic targets for waste minimisation in the CoJ.

3.3.3 National Policy on Thermal Treatment of General and Hazardous Waste

The national Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) developed a Policy for thermal treatment of waste to advocate government’s position on thermal waste treatment as an acceptable waste management option in 2009. The Policy outlines the conditions and requirements for establishing and operating thermal treatment technologies in the country. Specifically it looks at such conditions for the incineration of general and hazardous waste as well as the co-processing of selected waste types as alternative fuels and/or raw materials in cement kilns.

3.3.4 Draft Free Basic Refuse Removal Policy

The national department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) has recently drafted a policy for the provision of free basic refuse removal. The policy is currently awaiting approval by cabinet. This Policy on Free Basic Refuse Removal (FBRR) services makes provision for municipalities in South Africa to provide FBRR services within their areas of jurisdiction. The aim of the FBRR Policy is to ensure that all South Africans, including the poor, have access to at least basic (essential) refuse removal services. The following principles as contained in the Policy apply to its implementation:

1. A municipality must ensure that any relief provided in terms of the National Policy on FBRR services is constitutional, practical, fair, equitable and justifiable.

2. There will be differentiation between households based on indigence but not service level in accordance with this policy, legislation and the resolutions of Municipal Councils.

3. A municipality should provide FBRR services within the bound of their financial stability and sustainability.

4. A municipality should review and amend the qualification criteria for indigent support for FBRR services on a regular basis as provided by it as and when necessary.

5. A municipality should put in place FBRR services administrative support structures ensuring effective and efficient mechanisms of implementation.

6. FBRR services’ tariffs should be clear and easily understandable.

7. Operating subsidies for FBRR services within the municipality’s jurisdiction should be well targeted in order to reach the identified indigent.



12

8. Indigent households must formally apply using the municipal system as specified and will qualify for such support according to the specified criteria/principles laid down by the municipality.

9. Indigent households registered for FBRR services must be re-evaluated after a given period of time as specified by the concerned municipality.

10. Disciplinary measures specified by the municipality should be imposed on households and/or individuals who abuse the FBRR services.

11. The municipality will put in place reasonable measures to publicise the FBRR services within its jurisdiction, including measures to put in place an effective communication programme.

12. The roles of the social worker/municipal official/councillor/traditional leader or any other authority so designated in the evaluation of the indigent household for the FBRR services should be fully recognised and specified.

13. The list of applicants for FBRR services should be made available for public scrutiny for at least one month at accessible public points within the municipality (i.e. libraries and clinics).

3.3.5 National Waste Management Strategy

The NEMWA requires that the Minister establish a National Waste Management Strategy (NWMS) within two years of the act coming into effect. The strategy is binding on all organs of state in all spheres of government and will be reviewed every five years. The Strategy has been drafted and is currently going through the public consultation process. The targets as currently set in this strategy for the year 2015 are used as a bench mark for the targets set in this plan.

3.3.6 National Cleaner Production Strategy

The National Cleaner Production Strategy has been formulated as a result of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation for Sustainable Consumption and Production document. The strategy strongly emphasises waste minimisation, re-use and recycling especially within industry. The main focus of Cleaner production is preventative rather than end of pipe treatment.

3.3.7 Development of a core set of Environmental Performance Indicators

Performance Indicators’ play an important role it terms of measuring how well the organisation has implemented its projects and plan. DEAT prepared a document on this subject in 2004, with the purpose of providing Municipalities with a voluntary ‘toolkit’ to assess their performance in terms of the environment. Indicators of importance to this task include: waste generation rates, waste reduction, and waste services related issues. According to the Sustainability Institute report on waste analysis done in 2007, the environmental indicators identified for waste management include, among others:

• Waste generation rates

o Per capita

o Hazardous waste per sector

• Waste services

• Waste reduction and management



13

o Illegal dumping

o Recycling

o Landfill sites (compliance)

o Landfill sites available air space

This reports further states that there is still debate over whether the waste generation rates should be captured in terms of mass or volume. Table 1: Summary of Legislation having relevance to waste management

Legislation Main relevant Issues National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (Act 39 of 2004)

S22 relates to the need for a license for listed activities of which some of the waste facilities such as incinerators are. S35 relates to the control of offensive odours which is one of the main impacts of solid waste.

National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998)

S20 deals with the control of emergency incidents. These are explained as any incidents that may pollute or have a detrimental impact on a water resource. S21 lists those activities that are regarded as “water uses” and which would therefore necessitate an application for a Water Use Licence. The following are listed among these water uses: (f) discharging waste or water containing waste into a water resource

through a pipe, canal, sewer, sea outfall or other conduit. (g) disposing of waste in a manner which may detrimentally impact

on a water resource; (h) disposing in any manner of water which contains waste from or

which has been heated in any industrial or power generation process.

Occupational Health and Safety Act (Act 85 of 1993)

Safe working environments and conditions are defined in the Occupational Health and Safety Act. All employers are governed by this act and all waste management facilities must conform to this requirement. This includes the responsible management of people salvaging from waste disposed at the landfill site or any other waste management facility.

Hazardous Substances Act (Act 15 of 1973)

Relevant sections are 2, 3, 19, and 29. These deal with the hazard rating of hazardous substances and regulate the handling and transportation of such substances, which may include hazardous waste.

Minerals and Petroleum Resources Development Act (Act 28 of 2002)

Gives effect to the objects of integrated environmental management (IEM) by requiring mining application to include an Environmental Management Plan (EMP), which would cover waste management issues. Also advocates for the upliftment of communities affected by mining.

Disaster Management Act, 57 of 2002

Spells out how to address waste management issues during disasters, whether natural or human engineered.



14

Legislation Main relevant Issues Physical Planning Act (Act 125 of 1991)

Regulates planning at a national and provincial level through the preparation of national and regional development plans.

Development Facilitation Act (Act 67 of 1995)

The general principles in Section 3 of the DFA include the requirement that policy, administrative practice and laws should encourage environmentally sustainable land development practices and processes. These principles are to be applied to all land development and are specifically said to apply to the actions of the State and a local government body. Furthermore, they serve to guide the administration of any physical, transport, guide, structure or zoning plan or scheme administered by any competent authority in terms of any law.

The Division of Revenue Act (Act 5 of 2002)

This Act deal with the transfer of funds to municipalities to fund various capital investments and support the delivery of basic services.

Municipal Finance Management Act (MFMA), 56 of 2003

This Act deals with financial management in the municipalities and the roles of three spheres of government as well as that of the Mayor, Executive and Non-Executive Councillors and officials. The objective is to maximise the capacity of municipalities in delivering services to all its citizens.

National Treasury: Environmental Fiscal Reform Policy, 2006

The aim of this policy is to introduce market-based instruments such as taxes and charges that are environmentally based as a way of supporting sustainable development.

Strategic Framework for Sustainable Development in South Africa, 2006

Addressing consumption patterns and meeting the United Nations MDGs

3.3.8 Local Government Turnaround Strategy

The Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs identified worrying trends undermining local government service delivery. In order to renew the vision of developmental local government, a turnaround strategy was devised to facilitate differentiated and targeted support to local government. Four factors underpin the turnaround strategy, namely:

� The impact of uniform regulatory frameworks � Municipalities focus on compliance � Untargeted and ineffective support � The combination of internal factors with external impacts.

The turnaround strategy provides an opportunity for municipalities to reflect on their own performance and concentrating on removing constraints. Each municipality must develop a turnaround strategy to improve service delivery and address service backlogs.

3.3.9 Minimum Requirements

The then Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF), having a concern for the protection of the water resources of South Africa and at the time being responsible for permitting of waste facilities developed a 3 part series of documents commonly referred to as the ‘Minimum



15

Requirements’. The first edition was published in 1994, followed by the 2nd edition, which superseded the 1st edition in 1998. The general objectives of the Minimum Requirement are to:

• Set out minimum requirements in terms of processes to be followed and information required for the application of a permit for a facility.

• Provide a minimum set of environmentally acceptable ways of handling, transportation, treatment and disposing of different types of waste that has to be achieved.

• Set minimum standards and specification, which had to be adhered to, in order to protect water resources from potential pollution from waste facilities.

Specific objectives of the different documents are discussed in the Table below. Table 2: Summary of Minimum Requirements Documents Minimum Requirements Documents Objectives of the Documents

Document 1: Minimum Requirements for the Handling, Classification and Disposal of Hazardous Waste which sets out the following:

• Sets a hazardous waste classification for SA. • Rating of hazardous waste • A framework for the handling, transportation, treatment and

disposal of the different classes and ratings of hazardous waste.

Document 2: Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill

• Sets a landfill classification system for SA. • A framework for the sitting, design, preparation/development,

operation, closure and monitoring of the different classes of landfill sites.

• A framework and criteria for the permitting of such facilities. Document 3: Minimum Requirements for Monitoring at Waste Management Facilities

• Sets a framework for the design and monitoring of water quality monitoring programmes for landfill sites.

3.4 Provincial Legislation

The Gauteng Provincial Government (GPG) embraces the adoption and enforcement of all legislation dealing with the safe management, handling and transportation, treatment and disposal of waste, as well as the adoption of appropriate waste management standards and performance indicators with respect to all aspects of IWM to improve waste management service delivery. At Gauteng provincial level, the relevant documentation on legislative frameworks and policy to support the review of the CoJ policy and the IWMP are as follows:

• Gauteng Provincial Integrated Waste Management Policy (2006)

• First Generation Integrated Hazardous Waste Management Plan for Gauteng (2008)

• Gauteng General Waste Collection Standards (2007)

• Waste Information Regulations (2004)

3.4.1 Gauteng Provincial Integrated Waste Management Policy

The GPG has developed an appropriate legislative regime to support and enable the Gauteng IWM Policy, and to foster consistency between national, provincial and local waste management



16

requirements, capacity building and filling of gaps in existing waste management regulations and requirements. Key issues addressed in this policy include the following:

• Waste reduction and minimisation

Under this the GPG endorses the development and adoption of appropriate and realistic targets requiring reduction and minimisation in waste generation of all forms of waste. This is in line with the goals of NEMWA which emphasizes waste minimisation options to be intensified.

The tools to achieve this may include, among others, enhancing the implementation of waste exchange and waste minimisation clubs to facilitate the avoidance, substitution, recovery, re-use and recycling of waste between different industries and organisations. This in turn requires that GPG supply Local Government, industries and other waste role players with information and guidance on waste reduction and minimisation initiatives as well as other waste databases available.

In addition, the GPG recognises the need for the setting of targets for waste minimisation,

recovery, reuse and recycling – taking account of the NWMS – and recognising that waste minimisation and recycling will be a priority wherever practicable. The targets should also take into account associated waste management initiatives and regulations as may become necessary. Hence, the reviewed CoJ’s IWMP should take into account setting target, while bearing in mind those set by the NWMS and COGTA Turn-around strategy of zero- waste service backlog by 2015 and 2014 respectively.

• Waste Recovery and Recycling

As an important component of waste management at municipality level, the GPG reaffirms the need for laws for the recovery, reuse and recycling of all waste as well as guidance for and encouragement of the recovery, reuse and recycling of all waste, done through source-separation or co-mingled collection programmes, manual or mechanical separation, or waste exchange, to provide recovery and recycling of appropriate prioritised waste streams. Hence the GPG is supportive of existing and new laws designed to encourage the manufacture and purchase of products made from recovered and recycled materials.

• Waste Collection and Transportation

As an important component of IWM, the GPG subscribes to the goals of environmentally sustainable waste management systems. It has to this effect, developed General Waste Collection Standards for Gauteng in 2007. These standards also informed the draft National Domestic Waste Collection Standards developed by DEA in 2009. The Gauteng Standards support the implementation of legislation that governs the transportation of waste material in line with the principles of the National Road Traffic Act, 1996 (Act 93 of 1996), relevant South African National Standards (SANS) codes of conduct, and relevant international codes of conduct

• Waste processing



17

In view of some waste that cannot be recycled, the GPG recognises that alternative waste processing options exist for circumstances in which it is not possible or economically viable to recycle certain waste. These provide for the recovery of waste or components of waste (e.g. waste to energy, minerals) and should be considered as long as legal requirements are satisfied.

• Waste treatment and disposal

The GPG recognises that, even though there would be intensified waste minimisation and waste recovery, there still would be residues requiring disposal. Therefore, there is need for the safe treatment and disposal of waste only as a last option in terms of the waste management hierarchy. Illegal dumping remains a big challenge to most cities; hence the GPG also recognises the need for enforcement of legislation. It realises the importance to investigate and prosecute illegal waste disposers for the costs incurred in the management of such wastes and the environmental and human health impacts of such activities, according to the Duty-of-care Principle. Cognisance should therefore be taken to ensure that this forms part of the reviewed CoJ’s IWMP.

• Waste information

In its policy, the GPG recognises the importance of collection and dissemination of accurate waste information by each Local Government in the Province and all waste role players, for purposes of the National Waste Information System (WIS) that is being implemented in terms of the NWMS. Minimum reporting requirements have been established for Provincial and Local Government and it is the responsibility of Provincial Government to ensure that these are applied, through the regulation promulgated in 2004. (See details under regulations in 3.4.3.2).

3.4.2 First Generation Integrated Hazardous Waste Management Plan for Gauteng

According to GDACE 2008, there are a number of major factors in the hazardous waste sector in the Gauteng Province that when acting in combination hamper Integrated Waste Management, and recycling and treatment of hazardous waste in particular. The factors are as follows:

• Recycling:

o Lack of proper coordination

o Lack of proper waste separation at source

o Lack of testing and analysis facilities

o Lack of incentives

o Insufficient waste volumes and a lack of economy of scale

• Treatment:

○ Lack of facilities

○ Access to and location of existing facilities

○ Limited capacity of existing facilities



18

○ Lack of comprehensive separation at source of hazardous waste

○ Insufficient waste volumes and a lack of economy of scale

In addition, the document records some of the key risks such as the storage of hazardous waste on the premises of the waste generators without the necessary permit to do so. This therefore calls for site inspections to identify the extent of this problem.

3.4.3 Gauteng Provincial Standards and Regulations

Of importance to this task are the General Waste Collection Standards and Waste Information Regulations that the provincial government set in 2007 and 2004 respectively. These are elaborated further in the subsequent paragraphs below.

3.4.3.1 Gauteng General Waste Collection Standards The following General Waste Collection Standards (GWCS) have been developed to ensure the provision of consistent, uniform waste collection and cleaning services which are equitable, appropriate, environmentally and socially acceptable, to the communities in Gauteng. Section 152 (1) of the Constitution (RSA, 1996), states that one of the responsibilities of local government is to ensure the provision of services to communities in a sustainable manner. It indicates that provincial government has the exclusive responsibility to ensure that local governments carry out these functions effectively. The standards are therefore made up of two main components namely:

• Waste Collection (domestic and business/non-hazardous industrial waste); and

• Cleaning (street sweeping, litter picking, littering and illegal dumping)

In addition, the standards also cover other waste management activities and related issues such as health and safety, and transport. These standards are in most respects similar to those proposed by National government but notable differences for Gauteng are:

• The use of photographic images as Standard; and

• Their area of application.

In terms photographic images, these are used for enforcing the cleansing standards in which a predetermined photograph is used for measuring the cleanliness of the street and hence how best the cleansing work has been done. For purposes of areas of use, GWCS have been developed for use by all waste collection service providers active within Gauteng. It is the intention of GDACE that these standards are fully implemented and their implementation will be monitored. The service provider must ensure that training is given to all employees on the content of the standards and implementation.



19

3.4.3.2 Waste information Regulations The GPG promulgated Waste Information Regulations in 2004 for the development of a Provincial WIS to:

(a) enable GDACE to compile and make available – to the public and other organs of state – data and information regarding waste in the Province, so as to further the protection of the environment and the continuous improvement of integrated waste management throughout the Province;

(b) make information available to organs of state and the public regarding waste for: i) education, research and development ii) spatial planning and environmental impact assessment iii) public safety and disaster management iv) the development of waste streaming and the assessment of the quantities of various

waste streams for monitoring government strategies with regard to waste management and

v) state of the environment reporting; and (c) to create a uniform reporting method which incorporates secure internet reporting formats

and monitoring intervals.

3.5 Local level legislation

3.5.1 Waste By-laws

The existing CoJ Waste by-laws are currently being revised. The by-laws should be revised in order to give effect to the Constitution, the principles of NEMA and the NEMWA. In particular the by-laws should be specific in terms of the services provided by the municipality and regulate those not provided by the municipality. These should further address the participation of private companies and persons in waste management services detailing the processes, conditions and requirements for permitting of facilities. As a general rule, by-laws should cover the full spectrum of the waste hierarchy to ensure that all aspects of waste management are covered. 4 WASTE MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE COJ

4.1 Geographic Area

The CoJ is located within the province of Gauteng in the eastern plateau of South Africa at an elevation of about 1, 753 m. Post the apartheid era, Johannesburg was decentralised into 11 regions which were recently consolidated into 7 regions (Figure 3 and Table 3). Each of these regions is responsible for the delivery of all community based services including waste management. The operations of the regions are however still informed by the broad CoJ plans, strategies and policies.



20

Table 3: New Regions of the CoJ New

Regions Old

Regions Comments

A 1 and 2 The former regions have been combined into one (Diepsloot, Midrand, Fourways, Sunninghill, Woodmead).

B 3 and 4 Includes whole of the former Region 4, excluding Ward 70 (Florida), including Wards 90, 102 & 104 (Rosebank, Bryanston, Randburg).

C 5 This includes Wards 44, 49, 50, 70 and 84 (Bram Fischerville, Thulani, Florida) D 6 and 10 Soweto only. E 7 Includes all of the former Region 3, excluding Wards 90, 102 and 104 (Rosebank,

Bryanston, Randburg). Includes Wards 73, 74, 91, 103 and 106 (Parkwood, Highlands North, Alexandra, Wynberg, Morningside, Douglasdale).

F 8 and 9 Includes whole of former Region 8 and includes Wards 23, 54, 57, 65 and 66 (Glenvista, Ormonde, City Deep, Benrose, Kensington).

G 11 Includes the former Region 11 plus Ward 10 (Lenasia), Wards 17 and 18 (Eldorado Park and Protea).

Figure 2: New Regions of the CoJ



21

4.2 Socio-economic Analysis

4.2.1 COJ Demographics

The CoJ forms part of the Gauteng Province (GP), which is generally perceived as the “economic hub” of South Africa. Gauteng is the smallest of all provinces in the country with just 1% of the total geographic area of the country. Small as it is, Gauteng constituted approximately 20% of the total population of the country in 2001, second to Kwazulu-Natal at 21% (Table 4). This increased to 22% in 2007 making it the most populated province in the country (Table 4). Table 4: Population Sizes of Provinces

Province 1996 2001 2007 Geographical

Area 1996 % 2001 % 2007 % Km2 %

Eastern Cape 6 302 525 16% 6 436 763 14% 6 527 747 13% 169 952 14% Free State 2 633 504 6% 2 706 775 6% 2 773 059 6% 129 821 11% Gauteng 7 348 423 18% 8 837 178 20% 10 451 713 22% 16 927 1% KwaZulu-Natal 8 417 021 21% 9 426 017 21% 10 259 230 21% 92 303 8% Limpopo 4 929 368 12% 5 273 642 12% 5 238 289 11% 122 839 10% Mpumalanga 2 800 711 7% 3 122 990 7% 3 643 435 8% 79 512 7% Northern Cape 840 321 2% 822 727 2% 1 058 060 2% 362 591 30% North West 3 354 825 8% 3 669 349 8% 3 271 948 7% 116 180 10% Western Cape 3 956 875 10% 4 524 335 10% 5 278 585 11% 129 448 11% South Africa 40 583 573 100% 44 819 778 100% 48 502 066 100% 1 219 574 100%

(Sources: Stats SA, 2001 and Municipal Demarcation Board, 2010) The population of Gauteng has grown steadily at a rate of approximately 20.4% between 1996 and 2001 and by approximately 13.9% between 2001 and 2007 to approximately 10 451 713 people (Stats SA, 2007). According to the Mid-year estimates of 2009, this has grown further by about 5.9% to 10.53 million (Stats SA, 2009). Gauteng’s population growth rate is significantly higher than the average for the whole country, which has slowed down from 10.4% to 8.2% (Stats SA, 2007). The CoJ covers a total area of about 1644 km2, which translates to about 10% of the geographical area of the Gauteng province. Within the Gauteng province, the three metropolitans (City of Tshwane, Ekurhuleni and CoJ) have by far the highest population. Together the three constitute approximately 85% of the population of Gauteng, with the CoJ contributing approximately 37% of it in both 2001 and 2007. From 2001, the CoJ has consistently been in the lead with the highest population followed by Ekurhuleni and the City of Tshwane coming third (Figure 4 below).



22

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%

Sedibeng Metsweding West Rand Ekurhuleni CoJ City ofTshwane

Districts and Metros

% P

opul

atio

n of

Gau

teng

2 0012007

Figure 3: Population Distribution within the Gauteng Province

Table 5 below shows that the CoJ has experienced the biggest population growth from 2001 to 2007 within Gauteng at 20.6%. This is more than double the country’s population increase and about 1.5 times more than the Gauteng growth rate within the same period. Migration is believed to be the main factor influencing population changes over time between provinces and cities (Stats SA, 2001 and 2007). Table 5: Population Distribution by Districts and Metros within Gauteng

DCs & METROs CENSUS 2001 CS 2007 % CHANGE DC 42: Sedibeng 796 754 800 819 0.5 DC 46: Metsweding 162 270 153 539 -5.4 DC 48: West Rand 533 675 539 038 1.0 GTDMA: West Rand 5 781 2 918 -49.5 EKU: Ekurhuleni 2 478 631 2 724 229 9.9 JHB: City of Johannesburg 3 225 309 3 888 180 20.6 TSH: City of Tshwane 1 982 235 2 345 908 18.3 Gauteng 9 178 873 10 451 713 13.9 South Africa 44 819 778 48 502 063 8.2

The CoJ is therefore faced with the challenge of increased waste generation due to the increase in population. According to census 2001 and the 2007 Community Survey data, the population of the CoJ increased by about 21% (Table 6), with the most increase occurring within the Black population. According to the Community Survey of 2007, about 90% of all households within the CoJ receive a weekly collection of waste, while 2% receives a collection service less frequently (Stats SA, 2007).



23

Table 6: Population within the CoJ

PopulationGroup

2001 2007 % Increase from 2001 to

2007 Population % Population %

Black African 2,369,769 73.47% 2,907,948 74.79% 22.71% Coloured 206,245 6.39% 229,231 5.90% 11.14% Indian/Asian 134,111 4.16% 167,144 4.30% 24.63% White 515,185 15.97% 583,861 15.02% 13.33%

Total 3,225,310 100.00% 3,888,184 100.00% 20.55%

4.2.2 Socio-economic status

Johannesburg is known as the leading city in South Africa in terms of its economic profile (Wikipedia, 2010). It contributes the highest to the country’s GDP and employment rate. When comparing the employment percentage figures of 2001 and 2007 based on Census 2001 and the community survey of 2007 of Statistics SA, there seems to be a huge increase (39%) in the number of people without an income (Figure 4). However, there has been a huge increase in the number of people in the various income groups as well. There is about 7 fold more people within the R1 to R400 income group; about 31% and 69% increase in the income groups ranging from R401 – R6400 and R6401 – R25600 respectively. There are approximately 3 times more people in the income group of R25601 – 204800 while there are twice as much people within the income group of people earning more than R204800 a month. Migration again plays an important factor in the distribution of income level groups within the country. The CoJ experiences major influxes of people from all over the country since it is perceived as having better employment opportunities. The CoJ therefore attracts both employed and unemployed people, with the view of improving their career prospects as well as those looking for employment.

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

1800000

No income R 1 - R400

R 401 - R800

R 801 - R1600

R 1601 - R3200

R 3201 - R6400

R 6401 - R12800

R 12801 -R 25600

R 25601 -R 51200

R 51201 -R 102400

R 102401- R

204800

R 204801or more

Income Groups

Num

ber

of p

eopl

e

2001 2007

Figure 4: Income Levels within the CoJ



24

4.3 Waste Management Systems

Existing waste management systems within the CoJ have been explored in order to determine gaps and challenges facing the CoJ. A summary of international good practices has also been included as Annexure 2.

4.3.1 Roles and Responsibilities

In terms of the Constitution of South Africa (Act 108 of 1996) and the Municipal Systems Act, 2000 (Act 32 of 2000), the CoJ is mandated to provide waste collection, disposal and cleansing services to all its residents. There are currently 5 key sections which are directly involved in providing a waste management service within the CoJ as shown in Figure 5 below. These are the following:

• Environment: This department includes the Waste Management and Licensing section among others. It is responsible for strategic planning and policy formulation.

• Infrastructure and Services Department (ISD): The ISD is the department responsible for managing all MOEs/utilities/agencies responsible for delivering waste management services on behalf of the CoJ and ensuring that they perform according to their Service Delivery Agreement (SDA).

• Johannesburg Metropolitan Police Department (JMPD): As part of its mandate, the JMPD has a section dedicated to the enforcement of the city By-Laws. This includes the Waste By-Laws.

• Pikitup (PTY) Ltd.: Pikitup was formed in 2001 as a waste management utility, wholly owned by the CoJ, tasked to perform all operational duties with regards to waste collection and disposal.

• Environmental Health: As part of their mandate in terms of the health Act (Act No. of 61 of 2003), environmental health officers undertake waste management duties, especially compliance and enforcement monitoring.



25

EXECUTIVE MAYOR

CITY MANAGER

ENVIRONMENT JMPD

Energy sector

INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES DEPARTMENT (ISD)

Waste Management Sector

Waste Management & Regulation

Policy Integration & Management Support

Natural Resources Management

Environmental Regulatory Services

Air Quality & Climate Change Support Services

By-Law Enforcement

OperationsWater Sector

MOE Service Delivery

Joburg City Parks

City Power

Johannesburg Zoo Joburg Water

PIKITUP

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

Environmental Health

Figure 5: Organisational Structure of relevant departments dealing with solid waste

within the CoJ

Pikitup services mainly domestic households from which it derives the majority of its income as a service fee to the CoJ. It also renders services to businesses for the collection of dailies, bulk container services and the rental of bins, as well as landfill fees (Pikitup, 2007a). Pikitup provides council services in line with the mandate from the CoJ as well as commercial services to the citizens of Johannesburg. These can further be divided on the basis of whether they are billable or not and whether they are core functions or not. Table 7 below shows this classification.



26

Table 7: Services Provided by Pikitup COUNCIL SERVICES COMMERCIAL SERVICES

Domestic round collected refuse Business round collected refuse

Putrescible waste (dailies) Healthcare risk waste

Street cleaning Bulk services

Lane flushing Hazardous waste

Area cleaning Composting

Illegal dumping Recycling activities

Animal carcasses Special events

Garden sites Landfill services

Safe disposal

Source: Pikitup, 2010d

4.3.2 Waste generation

The latest data on waste generation in the CoJ indicates that a total of 1 492 000 tonnes of general waste is generated per annum (GDACE, 2008). This translates to a reduction of 4.4% in general waste generation when compared to figures reported in 2003 (CoJ, 2003). It is important to note that these figures are based on disposal data, hence may not be a true reflection of the generation rates. The accuracy of these figures can further be challenged on the basis of data capture and record keeping at landfill sites in the absence of properly operated weighbridges or any other weighing devices (CoJ, 2008). The Strategic Roadmap Plan Report of 2007 makes the following waste generation estimates (Table 8). It is important to note that these were still based on waste disposal figures not actual generation data. Table 8: Waste Generation Projections

WASTECATEGORY

ANNUAL GROWTH RATE %

TOTALMASS

(ton/month)

TOTAL WASTE GENERATED (1 000 ton/year)

2006 2008 2010 2012 2017 2022

General 4.1 84665.1 1 016 1 101 1 193 1 293 1 581 1 932Builders Rubble 4.1 16237.1 195 211 229 248 303 370Garden waste 4.1 15077.3 181 1 196 212 230 281 344Recycling material 4.1 301.5 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.6 5.6 6.8TOTAL 4.1 116281.2 1 395 1 512 1 639 1 776 2 170 2 654Source: Pikitup, 2007a Table 8 above shows projections for general waste generation for the year 2008 as 1 101 000 tonnes, which is conservative compared to the figure of 1 492 000 given in the Gauteng Status Quo and Waste Minimisation Options Report of 2008 contemplated above. Waste generation estimates are made based on the disposal amounts recorded at landfill sites. This method has limitations in that it does not give a reflection of the amounts of waste generated



27

but rather those disposed of. This does not account for waste generated in areas that do not have a formal waste collection service. It further excludes waste diverted from landfill either through reuse and recycling efforts or illegal dumping. Figure 6 below shows the general deposition rates of waste within the CoJ.

1 200 000

1 250 000

1 300 000

1 350 000

1 400 000

1 450 000

1 500 000

1 550 000

1 600 000

1 650 000

2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

Time(years)

Was

te Q

uant

ities

Figure 6: Overall Waste Disposal Trends within the CoJ

There has been a steady decrease in the amount of waste disposed to landfill from 2007/08. There is an initial decline of about 11% followed by a further 5% decrease. This cannot be taken at face value to imply that waste generation is decreasing in the COJ. Since these figures are disposal quantities recorded at landfill weighbridges, a decrease could mean an increase in the amount of waste being diverted from landfills. The diversion could be through recycling and recovery efforts or it could be indicative of a failing system where less and less waste is being collected and ultimately being illegally dumped. This therefore presents a need for the CoJ to undertake a waste survey to establish waste generation rates.

4.3.3 Waste composition

Figure 7 below shows the composition of waste disposed at all four landfill sites currently in operation within the CoJ. This is based on data collected over a period of three years (from the 2007/08 to 2009/10 financial year).



28

6.3%

54.7%0.6%

9.7%

16.5%

0.4%

0.8%11.0%

Street Cleaning Round Collected Refuse DailiesGarden Refuse Illegal Dumping Builders RubbleBuilders Rubble - Non Cover - no charge

Figure 7: Waste Composition within the CoJ

The chart above shows that Round Collected Refuse (RCR), which refers to the weekly waste collection from households, contributes the highest percentage of the waste stream at 54.7%. The remaining 45.3% comprises other sources such as street cleaning (6.3%), garden refuse (9.7%), builders’ rubble in its different categories (12.2%) and waste cleared from illegal dumping areas contributing 16.5%. This makes illegal dumping the second biggest waste stream illustrating that illegal dumping is still a serious problem within the CoJ.

4.3.4 Collection and Disposal

Pikitup owns and operates the following facilities (Table 8):

• 11 waste management depots strategically located throughout the city.

• 42 garden refuse sites.

• 4 landfill sites (NB: 2 landfill sites are closed and currently being rehabilitated and monitored, while additional private sites are also being used to dispose of waste at a fee).

• 1 composting plant.

• 1 incinerator.



29

Figure 8: Locality of Pikitup Waste Management Facilities and Infrastructure

Table 9 below shows the available infrastructure, fleet and equipment available to undertake the collection, transportation and disposal of waste within the city by Pikitup.



30

Table 9: Available Pikitup Infrastructure, fleet and equipment

Source: Pikitup, 2010c

4.3.4.1 Fleet Pikitup’s fleet assets are currently provided by Fleet Africa whose contract is due to end in a year. The key aspects in fleet management which ensure optimum and efficient operation are availability and reliability. Currently, the existing fleet performs below the set standard in terms of their Service Level Agreement (SLA) (Pikitup, 2010d). This can impact negatively on service delivery as it can increase vehicle down time. Fleet operation costs make up about 28% of the total Pikitup operational costs.

4.3.4.2 Disposal Figure 9 below shows the waste disposal per landfill in the CoJ from 2004/05 to 2009/10. Linbro was officially closed in 2007, while Marie Louise and Ennerdale are approaching the end of their lifespan with approximately one year left for each (Pikitup, 2010c).



31

0

100 000

200 000

300 000

400 000

500 000

600 000

700 000

800 000

2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

Years

Was

te Q

uant

ities

(ton

s) Marie LouiseGoudkoppiesEnnerdaleRobinsonLinbro

Figure 9: Waste Disposal Trends for the Four Operating Landfill Sites of the CoJ

The 2009/10 figures only include figure of up to March 2010, running short of additional 3 month tonnages to complete the financial year. In this scenario all disposal sites show a decline in the disposal rates since 2008/09 with Marie Louise having the most dramatic decline. When assuming a yearly average for the remaining months, the trend changes as shown below (Table 10).

0

100 000

200 000

300 000

400 000

500 000

600 000

700 000

800 000

2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

Time (years)

Was

te Q

uant

ities

(Ton

s)

Marie LouiseGoudkoppiesEnnerdaleRobinsonLinbro

Figure 10: Waste Disposal Trend Projections for Four Landfill Sites of the CoJ

Marie Louise and Ennerdale still show a decline in waste disposal rates while Goudkoppies maintains a steady rate (Figure 10). Robinson Deep on the other hand shows a slight increase in its deposition rate. Linbro landfill site was closed in 2007 and is no longer in use.



32

An arrangement had been made for waste from Midrand and Ivory Park to be disposed at the Chloorkop landfill site, which is privately owned, at a fee. This decision was informed by the economies of proximity as this site was closest to the generation areas than transporting the waste to one of the CoJ sites. The lifespan of the Chloorkop landfill site is estimated to end in 2011, after which general waste from Midrand and Ivory Park will have to be accommodated in an alternative landfill site (CoJ, 2008). Pikitup has further entered into an agreement with the privately owned Mooiplaats landfill site, situated approximately eight kilometres from Diepsloot, to accept waste from July 2007 (CoJ, 2008). The costs of disposing at the Mooiplaats site are also escalating considerably, necessitating an alternative disposal option to be sort. To dispose at Mooiplaats costs R 52 per ton and approximately R 2.59 million per annum while disposing at Chloorkop costs R64 000 per month plus a rate of R43.72 per ton for waste in excess of the agreed amount which results in approximately R 3 257 million per annum (ISD, 2010b). The operational cost per ton for the CoJ landfills are estimated to range from R 21,98 to R 71,75 (ISD, 2010b). Table 10 below shows the total available airspace and life spans for all operating sites of the CoJ. Currently the combined available airspace for the 4 sites is 8 years with Robinson Deep contributing about 17 years, Goudkoppies having 6 years while Ennerdale and Marie Louise both only have a year left. Table 10: Available Airspace for the CoJ

Details Robinson Deep Ennerdale Marie

Louise Goudkoppies New

Landfill (100 ha)

Total Available

Compaction ratio 1.4 1.435 1.529 1.426 1.4 Volume Total 28,969,515 2,453,896 8,276,8 11,831,923 51,532,22 Volume current 10,808,325 202,141 307,407 2,288,885 30,000,000 13,606,75 Airspace current (m3) 15,131,655 290,072 470,025 3,263,950 42,000,000 19,155,70 Deposition rate nominal 48,157 14,509 38,621 24,843 126,130 Deposition rate 5.5% annual growth 74,967 19,126 40,336 48,816 199,644

Remaining life (years) – No Interventions 17 1 1 6 8

Remaining Life with Interventions

a. 4 New cell developments 12 b. 1 New landfill site 26 c. 4 New cell developments + new landfill Site 30 d. 4 New cell developments + new landfill Site + Composting 31 e. 4 New cell developments + new landfill Site + Composting + Thermal Plant 54

Adapted from: Pikitup, 2010c Table 10 highlights the facts that the CoJ has a critical need for alternative disposal options. Preliminary studies have explored different options that need further investigation. These options include developing additional cells at the existing sites, developing an additional landfill site and rigorously implementing and expanding on programmes that encourage diversion of waste from landfill, such as composting and waste to energy projects.



33

Pikitup has employed a wide range of interventions geared towards optimising their remaining airspace. Below are such interventions as contained in the Pikitup 2010/11 Business Plan (Pikitup 2010d).

• Diversion of all garden waste from landfill sites to the composting plant.

• Disposal of some waste to the privately owned and run landfill sites of Chloorkop and Mooiplats.

• Discussions have been initiated with Emfuleni Local Municipality to service the areas such as Orange Farm, Drieziek and some parts of Ennerdale. This is influenced by the proximity issues of waste sources to disposal sites and the associated cost implications.

• Necessary authorisations from the Provincial environmental department in accordance with the EIA regulations have been issued for the extension of existing sites. A geosynthetically lined cell has been developed at Goudkoppies landfill site.

• Builders’ rubble from the Watervaal depot is currently being diverted to a privately owned crusher plant.

The impacts of the planned interventions in terms of saved and/or additional airspace created are further discussed below.

• Developing 4 additional new cells will increase the life span by 6 making it a total of 12 years of combined airspace.

• Alternatively, developing a new landfill site will result in a combined total of 26 years.

• Implementing both the intervention of developing the 4 cells together with the new landfill site will increase this life span to 30 years.

• Including composting of as a way of diverting the green waste will add another year making it a total of 31 years.

• Adding other additional waste diversion programmes will increase this even further. A thermal plant would increase this to 54 years.

An additional point to note is that both the Linbro and Kya Sands landfill sites which have been closed were located in the north. The means that the northern area of the CoJ, which comprises Midrand among others are in dire need for a disposal site in view of the fact that the Chloorkop landfill site will no longer be available for disposal.

4.3.5 Waste minimisation

The CoJ has to critically consider waste minimisation options both as a legal requirement since the Waste Act is more inclined towards waste minimisation as well as the reality of diminishing airspace for the existing sites and the reality of limited suitable and available space for new sites. This scenario has forced a paradigm shift in the thinking and planning of the CoJ. The approach adopts the Waste Management Hierarchy principles which advocate for waste reduction, re-use and recycling as the preferred waste management options and disposal as the last resort to deal with the residue (Figure 11).



34

Figure 111: Paradigm Shift in the Waste Hierarchy

The majority of the garden sites mentioned above also act as drop-off centres for recyclables such as paper, plastic and cans. Some of the sites also accept e-waste. In addition to the garden sites, the CoJ operates 18 buy-back centres. There are also 19 shopping centres where recyclables may be deposited. These facilities accept glass, plastic, cardboard, paper, tins, metal and E-waste. An estimated 29 526 tonnes per annum, of which 61% is glass and metal, are recovered through all these centres (CoJ, 2008). Key waste minimisation programmes currently undertaken by Pikitup are discussed below.

4.3.5.1 Source Separation There are currently a few post consumer source separation initiatives happening within the CoJ. However, most of these are initiatives from the private sector. The CoJ piloted a source separation project in Watervaal. This pilot has adopted a three bag systems where waste is separated into the following:

• Paper • Other “dry” recyclables (plastic, tins and glass) • Residual waste

All recyclables are collected by a private company, while Pikitup collects the residual for disposal to landfill. Participation levels have varied between high income and low income groups within the pilot area. 78% of the participants were from the higher income group while the remainder (22%) was from the lower income group (Pikitup, 2010b). Participation rates and consequently the amounts of recyclables collected steadily increased since November 2009 with paper being the most collected followed by glass at 58% and 21% respectively (Pikitup, 2010b). The pilot has been generally regarded as a success; however there are a few problems which were encountered which will be used as lessons for city wide roll-out of source separation. The following were noted:

• Informal reclaimers invaded the area and took the recyclables before the collection vehicles arrived. This created a further problem of littering as the reclaimers tore bags to salvage what they wanted leaving the rest of the waste strewn along the roads.



35

• Community behaviour and mind set towards waste and recycling has not changed. Sorting of waste is perceived by many as cumbersome and time wasting.

• Budget constraints from Pikitup were also a limiting factor.

Further influx of reclaimers has been controlled by issuing identification cards to those already in the area. Ongoing education and community awareness is also undertaken by way of distributing pamphlets on a monthly basis in order to cultivate better understanding and appreciation of waste separation at source and recycling as a whole. The CoJ intends to undertake a city wide roll-out of separation at source by 2012. The initial education and awareness programmes will however commence in this financial year (2010/11).

4.3.5.2 Composting Pikitup has 48 garden waste transfer sites available to the public to dispose of light garden waste. The utility provides containers for the organic matter at each of these sites (Pikitup, 2010a). The waste is then transferred to a disposal site or taken to a composting site facility at Panorama in the West Rand. This facility was launched in September 2005 and has a capacity of 50, 000 tons per annum (Pikitup, 2007b). The plant produces other products such as mulch, potting soil, unscreened compost and top dressing and is currently operating at full capacity. The capacity of the facility is not sufficient to process all garden waste produced within the CoJ, hence the facility is currently over supplied. Some of the excess waste material is chipped and used as cover material for landfill sites. It has been suggested that an additional 3 plants strategically located within the city would be required to process all the garden waste produced within the city. The economies of distance also do not support the transportation of waste from all transfer sites within the city to this facility. Additional sites closely located to the sources would be ideal.

4.3.5.3 Builders’ Rubble Crushing Plant According to the Builders’ rubble crushing plant feasibility report of 2007 (Pikitup, 2007c), builders’ rubble is classified into different categories depending on it composition and structure as follows:

• Fine clean material that can be used as cover materials. The disposal of such material is free of charge since it is used as cover material.

• Contaminated builders’ rubble. This material is normally contaminated and comprises of commercial waste and big boulders making it unsuitable for use as cover material. This material is normally referred to as ‘commercial waste’ and is not accepted at Pikitup disposal sites.

• Builders’ rubble collected from all Pikitup depots receiving this type of waste as well as any other collections made by Pikitup.

• Illegally dumped builders’ rubble. This forms the bulk of illegally dumped waste.

Only 12 of the Pikitup garden sites (Table 11) accept wheelbarrow loads of builders’ rubble.



36

Table 11: List of Garden Sites that accept Builders’ Rubble Watervaal Garden

SitesNorwood Garden

SitesZondi Garden Sites

Ashanti Ashburton Barbiana Belona Disa Fairlands Victory Park

Bezuidenhout valley Melrose Norwood

Mapetla Protea north

Table 12 shows the builders’ rubble estimates as recorded at the different Pikitup disposal sites during the 2006/07 financial year, while Table 13 depicts the scenario for the whole of the CoJ including the private sector. It should be noted however that this information is based on estimates and captures information which could be accessed at the time that the builder’s rubble estimates report of Pikitup was compiled. Table 12: Builder’s Rubble Estimates disposed on Pikitup landfill sites for the year 2006/07

SUMMARY(2006/2007) (Tons/yr)

Ennerdale Goudkoppies MarieLouise

Robinson Deep

Totals

1. Cover (No charge) 1 703 9 543 99 879 41 577 152 702 2. Builder's Rubble (Depots) 13 3 601 - 3 260 6 874 3. Illegal Dumping 78 959 50 144 - 5 195 134 298 TOTAL 80 675 63 288 99 879 50 032 293 874


Table 13: Estimated minimum total Building and demolition waste generation in the CoJ Source Amount

(tons/yr) Comments

Pikitup Landfill site estimates 293 874 Visual estimates as the waste is disposed at landfill sites

Private Landfilling of Builders’ Rubble

Unknown -

Builders’ rubble being processed & recycled.

835 000 Known companies were consulted and estimates of their respective operations noted.

Builders’ rubble being used as fill.

Unknown -

TOTAL 1 128 874 -


4.3.5.4 Recycling at Events Recycling bins are provided by Pikitup for major sporting events such as soccer matches as a way of promoting separation at source. In certain instances Pikitup hires general workers who can pick up and sort the waste at such events. This however is only limited to their area of jurisdiction. E.g.



37

For soccer matches, Pikitup would clean and sort waste outside the stadia while the stadia management will be responsible for collecting and sorting waste inside the stadia.

4.3.5.5 Landfill Reclaimers Committee Pikitup facilitates a committee for landfill reclaimers at the various landfill sites. This committee serves as a communication platform through which the CoJ can foster a culture of working together with the reclaimers. This can serve to assist a better understanding of the activities of the reclaimers which would then influence the formulation of more appropriate and effective solutions to the existing reclamation problems.

4.3.6 Underground Bin Project

A number of underground bins have been installed in high traffic areas in Soweto and the city centre – with 49 bins being rolled out in the 2008/09 year. Waste placed in separate bins above the ground will feed into these bins for collection. Problems with the truck fleet have delayed the start of using this system. There is a plan to ultimately roll out 20,000 of these bins.

4.3.7 Backlogs

Refuse removal services from households (weekly collections) have dropped from 91.2% in 2001 to 90.2% in 2007 (GDACE, 2008). This however, should not be interpreted to mean that there has been a decrease in the number of households receiving the weekly collection. There has actually been an increase of about 12.59% in the number of households receiving a weekly collection as illustrated by Figure 12 (Stats SA, 2001 and 2007). This decline could be as a result of the huge increase in population from 2001 to 2007. While some 1 069 547 households are receiving some level of refuse removal service (weekly and less often collections), a backlog of 95 469 households still exists (Stats SA, 2007). It must, however, be noted that these figures do not take residents without legal residency into account (CoJ, 2008). In terms of the recent reports from Pikitup all areas are provided with at least a weekly basic waste service, hence no service backlogs exist within the CoJ (ISD, 2010). In addition to the weekly service provided, Pikitup offers a daily cleaning programme to informal settlements. This is done through the use of community and output based contractors. Currently only 47% (86 out of 182) of these settlement receive this service. This 47% of settlements covers about 81% of units (165, 763 units out of a total of 203, 078 units) city wide (Pikitup, 2010d).



38

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

WeeklyRemoval

Removed <weekly

Communalrefuse dump

Own refusedump

No rubbishdisposal

Other

Type of Collection

Num

ber

of H

ouse

hold

s

20012007

Figure 122: Waste Collection Trends

4.3.8 Illegal dumping

Like in many other cities in the country, the CoJ faces major challenges of illegal dumping. Pikitup has cleaned up approximately 13 900 tonnes of waste dumped illegally during 2007 (CoJ, 2008). On average Pikitup spends about R80 million per annum on clearing illegal dumping (Pikitup, 2010a). Some of the factors that are believed to contribute to this problem include the relatively high costs of collection, transportation and disposal of waste, the rather early closing times of some landfills and other management facilities, making them inaccessible to the working population. A further impacting factor is the general lack of understanding of the environmental and economic impacts of dumping of waste (CoJ, 2008). Pikitup has embarked on the following projects as part of their fight against illegal dumping:

• Project 100 Spots - the campaign is concerned with cleaning up illegal dumping sites, informing communities about the hazards of illegal dumping and encouraging them to take ownership and guardianship of these sites.

• Inner City Environmental Education Awareness Campaign - the project is part of the Executive Mayor's Clean and Green Campaign. Its main focus is to influence a change in the behaviour of people in the inner city to stop littering and dumping waste illegally.

4.3.9 Community awareness, capacity building and public participation

A variety of programmes are undertaken as part of community awareness and public participation initiatives within the CoJ. These include: • Community environmental awards, where schools and environmental forums are recognised for

their role in environmental management issues.



39

• Clean-up campaigns where members of the community are encouraged to participate in cleaning up a particular identified area in the hope of cultivating a sense of responsibility for community members to clean their surroundings.

• Educational awareness programmes for different target groups including hawkers, shop owners and schools.

• Partnerships with different stakeholders resulting in campaigns against littering and illegal dumping.

• The use of performance arts to communicate messages on waste management.

4.4 Future Plans

The following are some of the planned future projects of the CoJ:

• The Gauteng Green E-waste Channel has initiated the establishment of ten pilot sites for the drop-off of e-waste in collaboration with Pikitup.

• Separation of waste at sources has been accepted as the principle that will be followed during the 2010 Soccer World Cup. The CoJ is already raising awareness through separation of waste at source at current sporting events (SOER, 2008).

• Extension of the existing landfill airspace by developing additional cells.

• Developing a new landfill site.

• Develop a waste to energy plant.



40

5 GAP ANALYSIS AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT

5.1 Pressures and Challenges

Rapid population growth within the CoJ and associated economic development, which ultimately results in increased waste generation, is the key pressure resulting in the current waste management challenges in the city (Pikitup, 2010a and CoJ, 2008). Increased population further places pressure on the level of service the city can deliver (CoJ, 2008). Further constraints identified by Pikitup (Pikitup, 2010a) as well as in the State of the Environment Report of 2008 relate to the following:

• Limited landfill airspace,

• Ambitious Polokwane Declaration targets,

• Legislative changes requiring separation at source ,

• Health and safety of reclaimer activities at landfills

• Recycling facilities not handling full spectrum of recyclable materials at Garden Sites and Buyback centres

• The new business outlook, which excludes further investment in composting and incineration.

• Lack of buy-in to waste minimization initiatives from communities

• Culture of littering and illegal dumping

• Limited Capex funding without long-term sustainability

• Lack of integrated asset management plan

• Increasing costs of waste management and disposal

The 2008 CoJ SOER suggested the review of the IWM Policy and Plan in order to address the following:

• Review of targets in respect of the waste management hierarchy. The reduction of waste generation and disposal targets in the waste management policy and plan need to be reviewed.

• Consideration of waste reduction implementation vehicles. There are many financially demanding obligations of the municipality competing for the limited resources available, including recycling programmes. However, it is notable that most of these recycling programmes can be economically viable and that a number of recycling businesses are successful. Consideration should therefore be given to joint launching and implementation of recycling programmes within structures such as public private partnerships. Appropriate business structures will provide opportunities to develop recycling facilities at lower cost to the CoJ.

• Some of the challenges facing recycling ventures include requirements of the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, the Health Act and the Occupational Health and Safety Act. While these requirements do not pose difficulty to medium to large companies, small companies may be significantly impacted. It is therefore proposed that the following may be considered:



41

o Direct joint ventures to comply with relevant legislation

o Monitoring and auditing functions of the CoJ, combined with the population of a Waste Information System, will be important to ensure compliance with the host of legal requirements applicable to waste recycling operations;

o Appropriate locations for recycling facilities are often problematic. Sites of closed landfill sites may be considered in this regard.

Based on the above challenges and the data collection process for the review of both the IWM Policy and Plan further problems were identified and are listed and discussed in the table below as gaps. Based on the gaps identified, the needs for the CoJ are identified and subsequently addressed as part of the target setting and formulation of the action plan in subsequent chapters.

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

42

Tabl

e 14

: Gap

and

Nee

ds A

naly

sis

Pri

ority

Are

as

Gap

s N

eeds

Was

te M

inim

isat

ion,

R

ecyc

ling

and

Re-

use

Sep

arat

ion

at s

ourc

e is

lim

ited

to th

e pi

lot a

rea

only

. Thi

s lim

its th

e po

tent

ial a

mou

nt o

f was

te th

at c

an b

e di

verte

d aw

ay fr

om d

ispo

sal t

o la

ndfil

l.

Sep

arat

ion

at s

ourc

e ne

eds

to b

e ro

lled

out t

o th

e w

hole

CoJ

in o

rder

to

pro

mot

e re

cycl

ing

and

achi

eve

max

imum

div

ersi

on o

f rec

ycla

ble

was

te fr

om la

ndfil

l site

s.

Ther

e is

no

clea

r ind

icat

ion

of th

e w

aste

com

posi

tion

and

char

acte

risat

ion

to d

irect

was

te m

inim

isat

ion

and

recy

clin

g ta

rget

set

ting

A w

aste

cha

ract

eris

atio

n st

udy

is re

quire

d to

info

rm th

e se

tting

of

was

te m

inim

isat

ion

and

recy

clin

g ta

rget

s Th

e se

t tar

gets

sho

uld

be a

ligne

d w

ith th

ose

set i

n sp

ecifi

c In

dust

ry

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

ns (I

WM

Ps)

The

exis

ting

com

post

ing

plan

t can

not p

roce

ss a

ll gr

een

was

te d

iver

ted

from

dis

posa

l to

land

fill a

s th

e m

ater

ial i

s be

yond

its

capa

city

.

Gre

en w

aste

col

lect

ed a

t the

CoJ

gar

den

site

s ne

eds

to b

e di

verte

d to

oth

er p

rivat

ely

run

com

post

ing

plan

ts n

ot ju

st th

e C

oJ p

lant

.

Com

mun

ity b

ased

recy

clin

g pr

ogra

mm

es a

re li

mite

d an

d ar

e no

t for

mal

ly c

oord

inat

ed b

y th

e C

oJ.

A fr

amew

ork

for t

he c

oord

inat

ion

of e

stab

lishi

ng a

nd ru

nnin

g co

mm

unity

bas

ed re

cycl

ing

prog

ram

mes

has

to b

e in

itiat

ed. T

his

prog

ram

me

wou

ld in

clud

e fu

ndin

g an

d m

arke

t mec

hani

sms,

tech

nica

l su

ppor

t as

wel

l as

mon

itorin

g an

d re

porti

ng m

echa

nism

s. B

est

prac

tices

sho

uld

also

be

inve

stig

ated

.

Ther

e ar

e no

lega

l ins

trum

ents

to fa

cilit

ate

and

enfo

rce

was

te m

inim

isat

ion

and

recy

clin

g pr

inci

ples

.

Ther

e is

a n

eed

to d

evel

op a

stro

ng le

gal f

ram

ewor

k to

driv

e an

d en

forc

e th

e w

aste

min

imis

atio

n an

d re

cycl

ing

agen

da. S

uch

pres

crip

ts c

ould

incl

ude

the

revi

sion

of t

he e

xist

ing

by-la

ws

to in

clud

e re

cycl

ing

oblig

atio

ns to

all

stak

ehol

ders

, i.e

. CoJ

, priv

ate

sect

or a

nd

the

com

mun

ity. T

hese

sho

uld

be c

oupl

ed w

ith c

ompl

imen

tary

re

quire

men

ts fo

r the

use

of r

ecyc

led

mat

eria

l in

man

ufac

turin

g.

Per

form

ance

sta

ndar

ds fo

r com

post

sho

uld

also

be

set.

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

43

Pri

ority

Are

as

Gap

s N

eeds

Ther

e is

lim

ited

invo

lvem

ent o

f the

priv

ate

sect

or

(exc

ludi

ng c

ompa

nies

alre

ady

oper

atin

g in

the

was

te

sect

or) i

n w

aste

min

imis

atio

n pr

ogra

mm

es to

ens

ure

max

imum

div

ersi

on o

f was

te fr

om la

ndfil

l and

cre

ate

sust

aina

ble

job

oppo

rtuni

ties.

Ther

e is

a n

eed

for t

he fo

rmat

ion

of p

artn

ersh

ips

in o

rder

to fa

cilit

ate

the

invo

lvem

ent o

f all

rele

vant

sta

keho

lder

gro

ups

to e

nsur

e th

e su

stai

nabi

lity

of re

cycl

ing

prog

ram

mes

and

atta

inm

ent o

f set

targ

ets.

S

uch

partn

ersh

ips

can

incl

ude

Pub

lic P

ublic

, Pub

lic P

rivat

e or

Pub

lic

Com

mun

ity p

artn

ersh

ips.

(The

se a

re d

iscu

ssed

furth

er in

sec

tion

7.1)

.

Info

rmal

recy

clin

g is

pre

vale

nt re

sulti

ng in

unc

oord

inat

ed

effo

rts w

hich

resu

lt in

poo

r dat

a m

anag

emen

t, un

sust

aina

ble

busi

ness

es a

s w

ell a

s in

crea

sed

heal

th a

nd

safe

ty is

sues

.

Ther

e is

a n

eed

to e

mbr

ace

and

enga

ge th

e ex

istin

g in

form

al

recy

clin

g se

ctor

in n

ew p

ropo

sed

form

al re

cycl

ing

prog

ram

mes

and

di

scou

rage

the

cont

inua

l unf

oldi

ng o

f inf

orm

al re

cycl

ers.

The

se

sent

imen

ts s

houl

d be

incl

uded

in th

e Po

licy

and

By-

law

s in

ord

er to

en

sure

suc

cess

ful i

mpl

emen

tatio

n.

Ther

e is

a fo

rmal

Pic

kers

Ass

ocia

tion

thro

ugh

whi

ch th

e pi

cker

s ca

n be

app

roac

hed

and

ensu

re th

at th

eir i

nclu

sion

is a

ppro

pria

te a

nd

rele

vant

to th

eir n

eeds

and

circ

umst

ance

s.

Ther

e is

lim

ited

awar

enes

s an

d ed

ucat

ion

on w

aste

m

inim

isat

ion

and

recy

clin

g to

the

com

mun

ity a

t lar

ge.

Mos

t ini

tiativ

es a

re c

once

ntra

ted

at s

choo

ls.

Ther

e is

a n

eed

to c

ontin

ually

and

con

sist

ently

und

erta

ke a

war

enes

s an

d ed

ucat

ion

prog

ram

mes

that

targ

et a

ll re

leva

nt s

take

hold

er

grou

ps.

Ther

e ar

e no

was

te m

inim

isat

ion

and/

or re

cycl

ing

initi

ativ

es w

ithin

the

adm

inis

tratio

n an

d op

erat

ions

of C

oJ

itsel

f. Th

ese

wou

ld a

lso

perp

etua

te th

e aw

aren

ess

to th

e br

oade

r pub

lic.

The

CoJ

as

the

auth

ority

sho

uld

take

a le

ad a

nd o

pera

te in

a m

anne

r th

at s

how

s th

eir d

edic

atio

n to

faci

litat

ing

was

te m

inim

isat

ion

and

recy

clin

g pr

inci

ples

by

intro

duci

ng w

aste

sep

arat

ion

at s

ourc

e in

itiat

ives

in a

ll C

oJ o

ffice

s an

d op

erat

iona

l site

s.

Com

plia

nce

and

enfo

rcem

ent

Out

date

d B

ylaw

s w

hich

are

not

alig

ned

with

•

The

natio

nal a

nd p

rovi

ncia

l prio

ritie

s as

wel

l as

puni

tive

mea

sure

s as

pre

scrib

ed b

y th

e W

aste

Act

. E.g

. fin

es

bein

g to

o lo

w.

• Th

e cu

rren

t cha

lleng

es w

ithin

the

CoJ

. •

The

revi

ewed

IWM

Pol

icy

and

Pla

n.

Ther

e is

a n

eed

to u

pdat

e th

e ex

istin

g By

-Law

s to

ens

ure

rele

vanc

e to

the

CoJ

nee

ds a

nd fo

cus

and

prio

ritie

s as

wel

l as

alig

nmen

t with

na

tiona

l and

pro

vinc

ial p

riorit

ies.

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

44

Pri

ority

Are

as

Gap

s N

eeds

Cur

rent

ly c

ompl

ianc

e an

d en

forc

emen

t for

was

te

man

agem

ent i

ssue

s fa

lls u

nder

the

JMPD

as

part

of th

eir

man

date

to e

nfor

ce a

ll by

-law

s. T

his

pres

ents

the

follo

win

g ch

alle

nges

: •

Thes

e of

ficia

ls h

owev

er d

o no

t hav

e th

e re

leva

nt w

aste

m

anag

emen

t kno

wle

dge

mak

ing

pros

ecut

ion

rate

s in

th

is re

gard

low

. •

Ther

e is

als

o no

form

al c

omm

unic

atio

n lin

e be

twee

n th

e JM

PD

and

the

rele

vant

was

te m

anag

emen

t se

ctio

ns w

ithin

the

CoJ

.

Act

ive

com

plia

nce

mon

itorin

g an

d en

forc

emen

t of t

he B

y-la

ws

and

othe

r rel

evan

t pie

ces

of le

gisl

atio

n is

ess

entia

l. Th

is is

a s

peci

alis

ed

func

tion

henc

e th

ose

task

ed to

und

erta

ke it

sho

uld

be g

iven

the

appr

opria

te tr

aini

ng (E

nviro

nmen

tal M

anag

emen

t Ins

pect

or tr

aini

ng)

to e

nsur

e an

incr

ease

d pr

osec

utio

n ra

te o

f was

te m

anag

emen

t tra

nsgr

essi

ons

and

envi

ronm

enta

l man

agem

ent t

rans

gres

sion

s as

a

who

le.

A C

ompl

ianc

e an

d E

nfor

cem

ent s

ectio

n to

be

form

ed u

nder

en

viro

nmen

tal m

anag

emen

t. Th

is w

ill ho

use

the

Env

ironm

enta

l M

anag

emen

t Ins

pect

ors

(EM

Is) w

ho w

ill b

e re

spon

sibl

e fo

r co

mpl

ianc

e m

onito

ring

and

enfo

rcem

ent o

f all

envi

ronm

enta

l mat

ters

in

term

s of

Cha

pter

7 o

f NE

MA

, inc

ludi

ng w

aste

man

agem

ent

mat

ters

.

Inte

grat

ed P

lann

ing

Ther

e ar

e no

form

al c

omm

unic

atio

n st

ruct

ures

bet

wee

n de

partm

ents

dea

ling

with

was

te m

anag

emen

t and

pl

anni

ng in

the

city

.

• A

ll de

partm

ents

and

com

pani

es d

irect

ly in

volv

ed w

ith d

iffer

ent

aspe

cts

of w

aste

man

agem

ent s

ervi

ces

deliv

ery

shou

ld h

ave

a fo

rmal

ised

com

mun

icat

ion

stru

ctur

e. S

uch

com

mun

icat

ion

shou

ld

not o

nly

be re

serv

ed fo

r ope

ratio

nal m

atte

rs b

ut s

houl

d in

clud

e th

e pl

anni

ng s

tage

s. T

his

will

ens

ure

true

and

mea

ning

ful i

nteg

ratio

n.

• D

evel

opm

ent p

lann

ing

in th

e C

ity m

ust a

lso

cons

ider

was

te

serv

ice

prov

isio

n an

d th

eref

ore

early

eng

agem

ent a

nd

com

mun

icat

ion

betw

een

plan

ners

and

thos

e in

volv

ed in

was

te

man

agem

ent i

s ne

eded

Com

plia

nce

mon

itorin

g an

d re

porti

ng is

als

o la

ckin

g on

ke

y st

rate

gic

docu

men

ts s

uch

as th

e IW

MP

. Th

e C

oJ n

eeds

to m

onito

r and

aud

it th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of e

xist

ing

Pol

icie

s, s

trate

gies

and

pla

ns to

ens

ure

alig

nmen

t and

con

sist

ency

.

Was

te d

ata

capt

ure

and

man

agem

ent

Ther

e is

no

accu

rate

info

rmat

ion

rela

ting

to w

aste

ge

nera

tion

rate

s in

the

city

. Cur

rent

est

imat

es a

re b

ased

on

dis

posa

l dat

a.

The

CoJ

nee

ds to

und

erta

ke a

was

te s

urve

y to

det

erm

ine

the

actu

al

was

te g

ener

atio

n ra

tes

with

in th

e ci

ty. T

his

will

form

a g

ood

basi

s fo

r fu

ture

pla

nnin

g an

d de

cisi

on-m

akin

g.

Ther

e is

no

sing

le, f

ully

ope

ratio

nal W

aste

Info

rmat

ion

Ther

e is

nee

d to

dev

elop

and

impl

emen

t a c

entra

lised

was

te

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

45

Pri

ority

Are

as

Gap

s N

eeds

Sys

tem

with

in th

e C

oJ. T

his

resu

lts in

: •

Inco

nsis

tenc

ies

in d

ata

capt

ure,

ana

lysi

s an

d re

porti

ng.

• D

ata

and

info

rmat

ion

not b

eing

eas

ily a

cces

sibl

e w

ithin

th

e C

oJ d

epar

tmen

ts it

self

as w

ell a

s to

the

publ

ic.

• C

ompr

omis

ed p

lann

ing

and

exec

utio

n of

pro

gram

mes

.

info

rmat

ion

syst

em fo

r the

CoJ

whi

ch w

ill st

anda

rdis

e w

aste

dat

a ca

ptur

e. T

his

will

then

impr

ove

the

accu

racy

of d

ata

and

stan

dard

ise

the

sour

ce o

f dat

a us

ed in

repo

rts a

nd p

lans

.

This

Was

te In

form

atio

n S

yste

m s

houl

d be

hou

sed

unde

r the

Was

te

Man

agem

ent D

irect

orat

e. W

eigh

brid

ges

mus

t be

fully

ope

ratio

nal a

nd

data

cap

ture

d an

d ac

cura

tely

repo

rted

in o

rder

to e

nsur

e th

e su

cces

s of

the

WIS

.

Was

te tr

eatm

ent a

nd

disp

osal

The

exis

ting

land

fill s

ites

are

near

ing

thei

r end

of l

ife w

ith

limite

d op

tions

to e

xten

d th

eir l

ife s

pans

. Th

e C

oJ n

eeds

to c

ome

up w

ith w

ays

of s

avin

g/m

axim

isin

g la

ndfil

l ai

rspa

ce s

uch

as:

• W

aste

min

imis

atio

n an

d re

cycl

ing

optio

ns.

• P

oten

tial f

or re

gion

al c

olla

bora

tion

on n

ew la

ndfil

l site

de

velo

pmen

ts.

• A

ltern

ativ

e di

spos

al a

nd/o

r tre

atm

ent o

ptio

ns.

The

licen

sing

of p

ropo

sed,

exi

stin

g op

erat

iona

l and

clo

sed

faci

litie

s in

term

s of

the

Was

te A

ct is

a c

onst

ant i

ssue

to

be ta

ken

into

acc

ount

. All

faci

litie

s al

read

y op

erat

ing

in

term

s of

the

perm

its is

sued

in te

rms

of th

e E

nviro

nmen

t C

onse

rvat

ion

Act

may

be

requ

ired

to a

pply

for w

aste

m

anag

emen

t lic

ence

s as

per

a g

over

nmen

t gaz

ette

pu

blis

hed

by th

e M

inis

ter.

The

CoJ

nee

ds to

ens

ure

that

all

its d

ispo

sal f

acilit

ies

(clo

sed,

op

erat

iona

l and

new

) are

lice

nsed

in te

rms

of th

e W

aste

Act

and

co

mpl

iant

to th

eir l

icen

se c

ondi

tions

. In

addi

tion

ther

e is

a n

eed

to

ensu

re s

uffic

ient

reso

urce

s al

loca

tion

to fa

cilit

ate

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

suc

h lic

ence

con

ditio

ns.

Aw

aren

ess

rais

ing

and

capa

city

bui

ldin

g E

duca

tion,

aw

aren

ess

cam

paig

ns a

nd c

apac

ity b

uild

ing

prog

ram

mes

are

inad

equa

te to

add

ress

the

curr

ent w

aste

re

late

d ch

alle

nges

in th

e C

oJ.

Edu

catio

n, a

war

enes

s ca

mpa

igns

and

cap

acity

bui

ldin

g pr

ogra

mm

es

need

to b

e de

velo

ped,

impl

emen

ted

and

impr

oved

on

for a

ll st

akeh

olde

r gro

ups.

The

suc

cess

of s

uch

prog

ram

mes

sho

uld

be

visi

ble

in:

• C

hang

ed b

ehav

iour

of t

arge

ted

grou

ps. E

.g. d

eclin

e in

litte

ring

and

illeg

al d

umpi

ng

• In

crea

sed

parti

cipa

tion

in w

aste

min

imiz

atio

n an

d re

cycl

ing

prog

ram

mes

.

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

46

Pri

ority

Are

as

Gap

s N

eeds

Ther

e sh

ould

be

clea

r pro

gram

me

of a

ctio

n ba

sed

on th

e ta

rget

s of

th

is p

lan

as w

ell a

s w

ell d

ocum

ente

d pr

ogre

ss a

nd a

chie

vem

ent

repo

rts a

gain

st th

ese

targ

ets.

Th

e D

epar

tmen

t of E

duca

tion

shou

ld b

e ap

proa

ched

and

neg

otia

te

that

env

ironm

enta

l iss

ues,

incl

udin

g w

aste

man

agem

ent i

ssue

s, b

e in

clud

ed in

the

curr

icul

um.

Was

te S

ervi

ce

Del

iver

y N

ot a

ll in

form

al a

reas

are

pro

vide

d w

ith a

dai

ly c

lean

sing

se

rvic

e.

A d

aily

cle

ansi

ng s

ervi

ce s

houl

d be

pro

vide

d to

all

citiz

ens

with

in th

e C

oJ. F

urth

erm

ore,

ther

e is

nee

d fo

r con

tinua

l im

prov

emen

t on

the

leve

l of s

ervi

ce b

eing

giv

en.

The

CoJ

will

nee

d to

pre

pare

itse

lf fo

r the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

Nat

iona

l Fre

e B

asic

Ref

use

Rem

oval

Pol

icy.

Th

e C

oJ n

eeds

to d

evel

op a

Fre

e B

asic

Ref

use

Rem

oval

stra

tegy

in

line

with

the

natio

nal p

olic

y an

d th

e C

oJ in

dige

nt p

olic

y.

Col

lect

ion

char

ges

are

not b

ased

on

the

cost

of d

eliv

erin

g th

e se

rvic

e. T

his

may

resu

lt in

a fi

nanc

ially

uns

usta

inab

le

was

te c

olle

ctio

n sy

stem

.

A fu

ll co

st a

ccou

ntin

g ex

erci

se n

eeds

to b

e un

derta

ken

in o

rder

to

ensu

re a

sus

tain

able

col

lect

ion

proc

ess

whe

re th

e co

sts

of d

eliv

erin

g th

e se

rvic

e ar

e re

cove

red

thro

ugh

tarif

fs. T

he b

alan

ce b

etw

een

affo

rdab

ility

and

cost

reco

very

will

amon

g ot

hers

be

offs

et b

y th

e FB

RR

Pol

icy

refe

rred

to a

bove

.



47

6 GOALS OBJECTIVES, TARGETS AND ACTION PLANS

This IWM Plan aims to facilitate the implementation of the IWM Policy of the CoJ. Eight (8) core goals have been identified for the IWM Plan on the basis of the CoJ IWM Policy objectives and mandate as derived from the Waste Act. These goals address the main challenges identified within the CoJ while taking cognisance of the national and provincial targets including the overall objective of the CoJ to be a clean city. For each goal, a set of objectives, targets and an action plan is included. Additional four (4) support goals have also been identified. These goals offer support and facilitate the attainment of the core goals. It is important to note that the Targets and Action plan have a long term view. The following are important to note in order to understand the set targets in context:

� Targets relating to developing plans/strategies/policies etc imply that subsequent years should be dedicated to the implementation of such plans/strategies/policies etc.

� Targets relating to the initiation of a programme imply that subsequent years are dedicated to the further implementation of such programmes.

The Tables setting out the targets comprise the following columns:

2005 IWMP: These are the targets that were set in the existing IWM Plan of 2005, which will be repealed by this one.

2010 Draft NWMS: These are the targets as proposed in the draft National Waste Management Strategy which all organs of state have to comply with.

Provincial targets: These are existing targets set by the Gauteng provincial government through their legislation and which the CoJ has to comply with in addition to the national requirements.

It is important to note that the provincial targets may not contradict the national targets but may be more stringent.

Baseline from IDP: In the absence of data indicating the level of attainment of the 2005 IWMP targets, the targets set in the 2010/11 Integrated Development Plan (IDP) for the CoJ were used as a baseline.

Proposed: This are the targets proposed in this IWM Plan in view of the other existing targets mentioned above as well as the baseline.

6.1 Waste Minimisation, Reuse, Recycling and Recovery

Goal:To implement sustainable waste minimisation, reuse, recycling and recovery programmes through strategic interventions including the promotion of composting, waste-to-energy and other reuse and recycling initiatives supported by the introduction of waste separation at source programmes. These programmes should contribute towards the upliftment of the quality of life of the people within the CoJ by ensuring them a clean environment and by identifying, promoting and supporting potential job opportunities within the sector



48

Objectives:• Develop programmes to encourage cleaner production. • Develop programmes to encourage separation at source. • Identify and implement all potential waste diversion mechanisms that can be employed in

order to reduce waste quantities disposed of at landfill sites. • Evaluate and implement appropriate mechanisms to formalize informal salvaging at the

working face of the landfill site. • To ensure that waste minimisation, reuse, recycling and recovery procedures and

practices are adopted by all sectors of society. • Create sustainable employment through local entrepreneur development in waste

minimisation, recycling and reuse partnerships. • Create awareness and build capacity among communities on issues relating to waste

minimisation, reuse, recycling and recovery.

• Development and implementation of appropriate regulatory instruments.

• Development and implementation of appropriate economic instruments and other financial incentives.

Target:

20% reduction of waste disposal to landfill by 2015, based on 2010 disposal tonnage.

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

49

Tabl

e 15

: Tar

gets

for

Was

te M

inim

isat

ion,

Reu

se, R

ecyc

ling

and

Rec

over

y 20

05 IW

MP

20

10 D

RA

FT N

WM

S

Pro

vinc

ial T

arge

ts

Bas

elin

e fr

om ID

P

2010

/11

PR

OP

OS

ED

A ta

rget

of 3

0%

redu

ctio

n of

the

dom

estic

and

co

mm

erci

al w

aste

st

ream

s di

spos

ed

to la

ndfil

l with

in th

e sh

ort t

erm

(200

4-20

06).

To d

iver

t 25%

gr

een

and

gard

en

was

te (a

ppro

x. 8

5 00

0 to

nnes

per

an

num

) cur

rent

ly

bein

g la

ndfil

led

to

exis

ting

or n

ew

gard

en w

aste

co

mpo

stin

g si

tes

by 2

007.

• A

chie

vem

ent o

f tar

gets

in

Pac

kagi

ng In

dust

ry

WM

P.

• 20

% re

duct

ion

in

recy

clab

les

to la

ndfil

l. •

Sep

arat

ion

at s

ourc

e im

plem

ente

d in

all

Met

ros.

•

Mat

eria

ls R

ecov

ery

Faci

litie

s (M

RFs

) es

tabl

ishe

d in

all

mun

icip

aliti

es.

• Th

e w

aste

sec

tor s

houl

d co

ntrib

utes

0.2

% to

GD

P

• 5%

incr

ease

in

empl

oym

ent

- W

aste

ser

vice

s -

Rec

yclin

g -

Rec

over

y

• 5%

incr

ease

in S

MM

Es

with

in w

aste

sec

tor

• E

stab

lish

smal

ler r

ecyc

labl

e co

llect

ion

faci

litie

s at

com

mun

ity

leve

l by

2012

/15.

•

Dev

elop

alte

rnat

ive

colle

ctio

n sy

stem

s su

ch a

s th

e de

velo

pmen

t of

smal

l ent

repr

eneu

rs to

col

lect

re

cycl

able

s in

a b

lock

wat

ch fa

shio

n an

d to

acc

umul

ate

till s

uffic

ient

vo

lum

es a

re a

chie

ved

by 2

012/

15.

• In

trodu

ce P

ay-A

s-Th

row

sys

tem

s to

en

cour

age

was

te re

-use

and

re

cycl

ing

by 2

010/

11.

• S

et ta

rget

s fo

r com

post

ing

by

2010

/11.

•

Am

end

proc

urem

ent r

equi

rem

ents

by

201

0/11

to:

- S

ourc

e al

l com

post

mat

eria

l fro

m lo

cal a

utho

rity

land

fills

. -

Sou

rce

all f

ill a

nd a

ggre

gate

m

ater

ial f

rom

bui

lder

s’ ru

bble

co

llect

ion

poin

ts

• 5%

of r

ecyc

labl

e w

aste

div

erte

d fro

m

land

fill b

y 20

10.

• 50

% o

f gre

en w

aste

di

verte

d fro

m la

ndfil

l by

201

0.

• A

nnua

l rep

ortin

g by

indu

stry

in

alig

nmen

t with

thei

r Ind

ustry

Was

te

Man

agem

ent P

lans

in te

rms

of th

e N

EM

: WA

. •

Rol

l out

sep

arat

ion

at s

ourc

e to

su

itabl

e pr

e id

entif

ied

hous

ehol

ds*:

-

30%

of t

he h

ouse

hold

s by

201

5.

- 60

% o

f hou

seho

lds

by 2

020.

-

100%

of h

ouse

hold

s by

202

5 •

Div

ert t

he fo

llow

ing

amou

nts

of g

arde

n w

aste

from

land

fill s

ites:

-

60%

by

2015

-

100%

by

2020

•

Initi

ate

com

mun

ity b

ased

pro

gram

mes

th

at w

ill pr

ovid

e at

leas

t 0.1

% o

f the

po

pula

tion

of th

e C

oJ (A

bout

400

0 pe

ople

) with

jobs

and

/or o

ppor

tuni

ties

for S

MM

Es

by 2

015.

•

A 2

0% re

duct

ion

of d

omes

tic a

nd

com

mer

cial

was

te s

tream

s di

spos

ed to

la

ndfil

l by

2015

. *

Sep

arat

ion

at s

ourc

e m

ay n

ot b

e be

nefic

ial f

or a

ll ho

useh

olds

. In

certa

in in

stan

ces,

whe

re th

ere

is v

ery

little

rec

ycla

ble

was

te in

the

was

te s

tream

, the

sep

arat

ion

and

colle

ctio

n of

re

cycl

able

s m

ay b

e m

ore

cost

ly th

an th

e be

nefit

der

ived

from

suc

h as

exe

rcis

e.

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

50

Tabl

e 16

: Act

ion

Pla

n fo

r W

aste

Min

imis

atio

n, R

ecyc

ling

and

Re-

use

Targ

ets

Act

iviti

es

Tim

e fr

ame

Res

pons

ibili

ty

20%

redu

ctio

n of

was

te d

ispo

sal t

o la

ndfil

l R

oll o

ut s

epar

atio

n at

sou

rce

to:

• 30

% o

f the

hou

seho

lds

by

2015

. •

60%

of h

ouse

hold

s by

202

0.

• 10

0% o

f hou

seho

lds

by 2

025

Dev

elop

a p

lan

for S

ourc

e se

para

tion

to e

nsur

e th

e at

tain

men

t of t

he s

et

obje

ctiv

es.

June

201

1 Pi

kitu

p

Initi

ate

awar

enes

s an

d ed

ucat

ion

prog

ram

mes

for w

aste

sep

arat

ion

at

sour

ce.

July

201

1 E

nviro

nmen

t, IS

D, P

ikitu

p an

d th

e pr

ivat

e se

ctor

.

Impl

emen

t sep

arat

ion

at s

ourc

e at

all

maj

or e

vent

s.

June

201

1 A

ll M

OE

s, d

epar

tmen

ts

and

priv

ate

sect

or.

Initi

ate

sepa

ratio

n at

sou

rce

in o

ther

are

as o

ther

than

the

pilo

t are

a.

July

201

2 P

ikitu

p an

d th

e pr

ivat

e se

ctor

.

Con

tinua

lly ro

ll ou

t sep

arat

ion

at s

ourc

e to

oth

er a

reas

in o

rder

to a

chie

ve

the

set t

arge

ts.

2014

P

ikitu

p an

d th

e pr

ivat

e se

ctor

Div

ert t

he fo

llow

ing

amou

nts

of

gree

n w

aste

from

land

fill s

ites:

•

60%

by

2015

•

100%

by

2020

Aw

aren

ess

rais

ing

and

educ

atio

n on

com

post

ing

at h

ouse

hold

leve

ls o

n an

on

-goi

ng b

asis

. O

n-go

ing

Env

ironm

ent,

ISD

, Pik

itup

and

priv

ate

sect

or

Est

ablis

h/Id

entif

y 3

addi

tiona

l com

post

ing

faci

litie

s.

2015

E

nviro

nmen

t, IS

D, P

ikitu

p an

d P

rivat

e se

ctor

Est

ablis

h di

vers

ion

mec

hani

sms

for g

arde

n w

aste

suc

h as

: •

Chi

ppin

g/M

ulch

ing:

Thi

s re

duce

s th

e m

ass

and

volu

me

of w

aste

and

th

e m

ulch

can

als

o be

use

d fo

r oth

er p

urpo

ses

e.g.

as

cove

r mat

eria

l. •

Ene

rgy

reco

very

(e.g

. fas

t pyr

olys

is; a

naer

obic

dig

estio

n)

• P

rovi

ding

sep

arat

e co

llect

ion

rece

ptac

les

for g

arde

n w

aste

at

hous

ehol

d le

vel.

2015

P

rivat

e se

ctor

, all

MO

Es

and

depa

rtmen

ts

CoJ

4000

Job

opp

ortu

nitie

s (0

.1%

of t

he

popu

latio

n in

CoJ

) cre

ated

thro

ugh

was

te m

inim

isat

ion,

recy

clin

g an

d re

use

by 2

015.

Initi

ate

com

mun

ity b

ased

pro

gram

mes

that

will

prov

ide

at le

ast 0

.1%

of t

he

popu

latio

n of

the

CoJ

(Abo

ut 4

000

peop

le) w

ith jo

bs a

nd/o

r opp

ortu

nitie

s fo

r S

MM

Es.

The

se c

an in

clud

e an

y of

the

follo

win

g:

• C

ompo

stin

g fa

cilit

ies.

•

MR

Fs a

nd b

uy b

ack

cent

res

2015

All

MO

Es

and

depa

rtmen

ts

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

51

Targ

ets

Act

iviti

es

Tim

e fr

ame

Res

pons

ibili

ty

• C

omm

unity

bas

ed c

olle

ctio

n sy

stem

s.

• R

e-us

e of

recy

clab

les

to p

rodu

ce o

ther

mar

keta

ble

prod

ucts

e.g

. mat

s,

jew

elle

ry e

tc.

Con

tinua

lly im

prov

e on

this

targ

et b

y a

perc

enta

ge in

crea

se to

be

dete

rmin

ed b

ased

on

the

outc

omes

of t

he w

aste

sur

vey

to b

e un

derta

ken.

2015

A 2

0% re

duct

ion

of d

omes

tic a

nd

com

mer

cial

was

te s

tream

s di

spos

ed to

land

fill b

y 20

15.

Incl

ude

prov

isio

ns in

sup

port

of w

aste

min

imis

atio

n, re

use,

recy

clin

g an

d re

cove

ry in

was

te B

y-la

ws.

20

10

Env

ironm

ent

Dev

elop

(100

%) a

nd im

plem

ent (

50%

) a R

ecla

imer

s’ M

anag

emen

t Sys

tem

(R

MS)

. Thi

s in

clud

es:

• R

egis

ter r

ecla

imer

s on

all

oper

atin

g la

ndfil

l site

s •

Issu

e pe

rson

al P

rote

ctiv

e E

quip

men

t (P

PE

) to

the

regi

ster

ed re

clai

mer

s.

• O

ffer t

rain

ing

on h

ealth

and

saf

ety

issu

es o

n an

on-

goin

g ba

sis.

2011

E

nviro

nmen

t, P

ikitu

p an

d th

e pr

ivat

e se

ctor

Des

ign

and

impl

emen

t an

awar

enes

s ra

isin

g an

d ca

paci

ty b

uild

ing

prog

ram

me

for w

aste

min

imis

atio

n, re

use,

recy

clin

g an

d re

cove

ry. T

hese

ca

n in

clud

e th

e fo

llow

ing:

•

Dev

elop

ing

and

disp

layi

ng p

ublic

info

rmat

ion

shee

ts

• P

rovi

ding

info

rmat

ion

on C

ounc

il an

d P

IKIT

UP

web

site

on

an o

ngoi

ng

basi

s.

• D

evel

opin

g an

d im

plem

entin

g a

prom

otio

nal c

ampa

ign

• P

rodu

ce q

uarte

rly R

ecyc

ling

publ

icat

ion

for t

he C

ity

• D

evel

op a

nd im

plem

ent t

rain

ing

prog

ram

mes

inte

rnal

ly a

nd fo

r the

co

mm

unity

. N

B: A

ctiv

ities

und

er A

war

enes

s R

aisi

ng a

nd C

apac

ity B

uild

ing

can

cont

ribut

e to

war

ds th

e ac

hiev

emen

t of t

his

targ

et.

June

201

1 E

nviro

nmen

t, IS

D a

nd

Piki

tup

Dev

elop

and

impl

emen

t an

inte

rnal

CoJ

was

te m

inim

isat

ion,

reus

e,

recy

clin

g an

d re

cove

ry p

rogr

am in

clud

ing

gree

n pr

ocur

emen

t gui

de to

in

fluen

ce th

e pr

ocur

emen

t pol

icy.

Dec

embe

r 201

1 En

viro

nmen

t

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

52

Targ

ets

Act

iviti

es

Tim

e fr

ame

Res

pons

ibili

ty

A d

edic

ated

sor

ting

area

to b

e de

sign

ated

in a

ll la

ndfil

l site

s.

Dec

embe

r 201

2 P

ikitu

p an

d th

e pr

ivat

e se

ctor

Dev

elop

a re

cycl

ing

finan

cial

mod

el to

ens

ure

the

finan

cial

sus

tain

abili

ty o

f al

l ini

tiate

d pr

ogra

mm

es.

Dec

embe

r 201

1 IS

D a

nd P

ikitu

p

Und

erta

ke a

was

te s

urve

y in

clud

ing

was

te c

hara

cter

isat

ion

in o

rder

to d

irect

w

aste

min

imis

atio

n, re

use,

recy

clin

g an

d re

cove

ry p

rogr

amm

es.

June

201

2 E

nviro

nmen

t and

ISD

Det

erm

ine

alte

rnat

ive

and/

or a

ppro

pria

te te

chno

logi

es/p

rogr

amm

es fo

r im

prov

ing

was

te m

inim

isat

ion,

reus

e, re

cycl

ing

and

reco

very

rate

s.

• D

evel

op a

nd im

plem

ent a

pilo

t pro

ject

for t

he c

olle

ctio

n of

fluo

resc

ent

tube

s, s

mal

l bat

terie

s, ty

res

and

vehi

cle

batte

ries.

•

Est

ablis

h ne

w b

uy b

ack

cent

res

and

recy

clin

g pr

ogra

mm

es.

• In

vest

igat

e th

e fe

asib

ility

and

impl

emen

tatio

n of

was

te p

rogr

amm

es a

nd

faci

litie

s.

June

201

2 IS

D a

nd P

ikitu

p

Faci

litat

e th

e es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f Mat

eria

ls R

ecov

ery

Faci

litie

s (M

RFs

) by

June

20

13 a

s th

e ne

ed m

ay b

e ba

sed

on th

e ou

tcom

e of

the

was

te

char

acte

risat

ion

stud

y.

June

201

3 E

nviro

nmen

t, P

ikitu

p an

d th

e pr

ivat

e se

ctor

Form

atio

n of

par

tner

ship

s (P

ublic

-Pub

lic, P

ublic

-Priv

ate

& P

ublic

C

omm

unity

) will

ensu

re th

e su

stai

nabi

lity

of p

rogr

amm

es a

nd th

e in

volv

emen

t of d

iffer

ent s

take

hold

er g

roup

s.

At l

east

1

partn

ersh

ip

shou

ld b

e fo

rmed

per

fin

anci

al y

ear.

Env

ironm

ent,

ISD

, Pik

itup



53

6.2 Waste Treatment and Disposal

Goal: To treat and safely dispose of waste through Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO) interventions aimed at saving landfill airspace and reducing the potential negative impacts on the environment; Objectives:

• Develop and implement a waste treatment and disposal strategy that will include but not limited to the following:

o Compliance of all waste treatment and disposal facilities with relevant legislation for their development and permitting, operation and closure.

o Addressing long term capacity needs of the CoJ.

o Explore alternative treatment and/or disposal options.

o Explore the potential for regional landfill sites.

Target: The percentage increase in volume of waste disposal to landfill should not exceed its potential population.

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

54

Tabl

e 17

: Tar

gets

for

Was

te T

reat

men

t and

Dis

posa

l 20

05 IW

MP

20

10 D

raft

NW

MS

P

RO

VIN

CIA

L TA

RG

ETS

B

asel

ine

from

IDP

201

0/11

P

RO

PO

SE

D•

Dev

elop

and

co

mm

issi

on th

e N

orth

ern

Wor

ks

land

fill s

ite to

re

ceiv

e w

aste

by

Janu

ary

2003

.

• A

sses

smen

t of a

ll hi

stor

ical

site

s by

20

06.

• Su

bmis

sion

of

reha

bilit

atio

n pl

ans

for o

pera

ting

land

fill

site

s to

DW

AF b

y 20

05.

• C

losu

re a

nd

reha

bilit

atio

n of

50%

of

the

dum

psite

s by

20

06.

• 0%

incr

ease

to

volu

me

of w

aste

to

land

fill.

• A

ll la

ndfil

ls

licen

sed

and

com

plia

nt.

• O

ne th

ird o

f m

unic

ipal

ities

ha

ve a

cces

s to

re

gion

al la

ndfil

ls.

• A

ll M

etro

s to

im

plem

ent w

aste

to

ene

rgy

proj

ects

.

• G

DA

RD

to m

anda

te a

ll lo

cal a

utho

ritie

s to

in

stal

l gre

en’s

chi

pper

s at

all

land

fills

by

2010

/11.

•

Tend

er fo

r the

out

sour

cing

of a

rovi

ng m

obile

ru

bble

cru

shin

g m

achi

ne fo

r use

at a

ll la

ndfil

ls

by 2

010/

11.

• R

epla

ce la

ndfil

l cov

er m

ater

ial w

ith c

rush

ed

build

ers’

rubb

le b

y 20

10/1

1.

• Te

nder

for b

usin

ess

plan

s to

est

ablis

h bu

ilder

s’ ru

bble

reco

very

and

/or r

epro

cess

ing

faci

litie

s at

all

land

fills

by

2010

/11.

•

Reg

iste

r pic

kers

and

issu

e pe

rson

al p

rote

ctiv

e cl

othi

ng b

y 20

10/1

1.

• P

rovi

de a

ded

icat

ed s

ortin

g ar

ea a

t lan

dfills

aw

ay fr

om h

eavy

mac

hine

ry o

pera

tions

by

2010

/11.

•

Dev

elop

Lan

dfill

Pic

kers

’ Man

agem

ent

Sys

tem

s an

d tra

in p

icke

rs w

ith re

spec

t to

heal

th a

nd s

afet

y by

201

0/11

. •

Rev

ise

land

fill d

ispo

sal c

harg

es to

mak

e w

aste

min

imis

atio

n an

d re

cycl

ing

mor

e at

tract

ive

by 2

010/

11.

• 5%

of r

ecyc

labl

e w

aste

di

verte

d fro

m la

ndfil

l by

2010

. •

50%

of g

reen

was

te d

iver

ted

from

land

fill b

y 20

10.

• A

feas

ibilit

y st

udy

on

alte

rnat

ive

tech

nolo

gies

for

was

te tr

eatm

ent a

nd

redu

ctio

n co

mpl

eted

by

2010

. •

A s

trate

gy fo

r inc

reas

ing

land

fill c

apac

ity is

com

plet

ed

by 2

010.

• Th

e pe

r cap

ita d

ispo

sal

rate

s sh

ould

not

exc

eed

the

2010

rate

. •

All

land

fills

sho

uld

be

licen

sed

and

com

plia

nt to

th

eir l

icen

ce c

ondi

tions

by

June

201

1.

• E

xplo

re th

e po

tent

ial f

or

havi

ng a

cces

s to

at l

east

on

e R

egio

nal l

andf

ill si

te

by J

une

2011

. •

Inve

stig

ate

and

impl

emen

t at

leas

t one

w

aste

to e

nerg

y pr

ojec

t by

201

5

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

55

Tabl

e 18

: Act

ion

Pla

n fo

r Tr

eatm

ent a

nd D

ispo

sal

Targ

ets

Act

iviti

es

Tim

e Fr

ame

Res

pons

ibili

ty

The

perc

enta

ge in

crea

se in

th

e vo

lum

e of

was

te

disp

osed

to la

ndfil

l sho

uld

not e

xcee

d its

pro

porti

onal

po

pula

tion

incr

ease

.

Est

ablis

h at

leas

t one

bui

ldin

g w

aste

cru

sher

pla

nt.

Dec

embe

r 20

13

Pik

itup

and

priv

ate

sect

or

Rep

lace

land

fill c

over

mat

eria

l with

cru

shed

bui

ldin

g w

aste

at l

east

at o

ne la

ndfil

l site

. D

ecem

ber

2013

P

ikitu

p an

d pr

ivat

e se

ctor

G

arde

n w

aste

chi

pper

s to

be

inst

alle

d at

all

oper

atin

g si

tes

gard

en s

ites.

Ju

ne 2

012

Pik

itup

and

priv

ate

sect

or

Rev

ise

disp

osal

cha

rges

to re

flect

the

cost

s of

runn

ing

and

reha

bilit

atin

g th

ese

faci

litie

s as

wel

l as

thei

r env

ironm

enta

l im

pact

s in

ord

er to

enc

oura

ge re

cycl

ing.

Ju

ne 2

012

Pik

itup

and

ISD

Inve

stig

ate

the

feas

ibilit

y of

intro

duci

ng ta

xes,

levi

es o

r add

ition

al p

aym

ent f

or s

peci

fic

was

te ty

pes.

Ju

ne 2

012

Piki

tup

NB

: Act

iviti

es li

sted

und

er th

e fo

llow

ing

will

als

o co

ntrib

ute

tow

ards

ach

ievi

ng th

is g

oal:

• W

aste

min

imis

atio

n, re

use,

recy

clin

g an

d re

cove

ry.

• A

war

enes

s ra

isin

g an

d ca

paci

ty b

uild

ing.

All

land

fills

sho

uld

be

licen

sed

and

com

plia

nt to

th

eir l

icen

se c

ondi

tions

by

June

201

1.

All

lega

lly o

pera

ting

land

fill s

ites

in te

rms

of th

e E

CA

sho

uld

be li

cens

ed in

term

s of

th

e W

aste

Act

as

soon

as

such

a c

all i

s m

ade

by th

e M

inis

ter i

n th

e G

over

nmen

t G

azet

te.

As re

quire

d by

the

Min

iste

r P

ikitu

p an

d pr

ivat

e se

ctor

.

Dev

elop

site

ope

ratio

n pl

ans

for a

ll op

erat

iona

l site

s ba

sed

on n

atio

nal m

inim

um

requ

irem

ents

and

the

perm

it/lic

ense

con

ditio

ns.

Dec

embe

r 20

11

Pik

itup

and

priv

ate

sect

or

Reg

iste

r and

mai

ntai

n re

porti

ng fo

r all

disp

osal

site

s on

the

natio

nal W

IS.

June

201

1 P

ikitu

p an

d pr

ivat

e se

ctor

Ens

ure

com

plia

nce

to th

e pe

rmit/

licen

ce c

ondi

tions

by

unde

rtaki

ng a

udit

and

repo

rting

as

per t

he p

resc

ribed

con

ditio

ns o

n an

on-

goin

g ba

sis.

on

-goi

ng b

asis

P

ikitu

p an

d pr

ivat

e se

ctor

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

56

Targ

ets

Act

iviti

es

Tim

e Fr

ame

Res

pons

ibili

ty

Exp

lore

the

pote

ntia

l for

ha

ving

acc

ess

to a

t lea

st

one

Reg

iona

l lan

dfill

site

.

Est

ablis

h or

join

alre

ady

exis

ting

Was

te M

anag

emen

t For

ums

with

in th

e pr

ovin

ce to

fa

cilit

ate

info

rmat

ion

shar

ing.

D

ecem

ber

2011

E

nviro

nmen

t, IS

D,

Piki

tup

Und

erta

ke a

feas

ibili

ty s

tudy

for r

egio

nalis

atio

n of

was

te fa

cilit

ies.

Ju

ne 2

011

ISD

, Pik

itup

Inve

stig

ate

and

impl

emen

t at

leas

t one

sui

tabl

e w

aste

to

ene

rgy

proj

ect b

y 20

15

Und

erta

ke a

Tec

hnol

ogy

Ass

essm

ent s

tudy

to d

eter

min

e th

e m

ost a

ppro

pria

te w

aste

to

ene

rgy

proj

ects

. D

ecem

ber

2011

IS

D, P

ikitu

p

Impl

emen

t at l

east

one

was

te to

ene

rgy

proj

ect.

Ju

ne 2

014

Pik

itup



57

6.3 Integrated Planning

Goal: Securing ecologically sustainable development while promoting justifiable economic and social development through appropriate and effective integrated development planning including waste related infrastructure development planning; Objectives:

• Develop and submit an IWMP for the CoJ to the provincial environmental department for approval and ensure inclusion of the approved IWMP into the IDP as a sector plan.

• Ensure capacity building for all key stakeholders relevant to the successful implementation of the IWMP.

• Enforce strict control and performance monitoring of the implementation of the IWM Plan by all key stakeholders within the CoJ.

Target: Ensure waste minimisation is incorporated to broader planning process. Table 19: Targets for Integrated Planning

2005IWMP

2010 DARFT NWMS PROVINCIAL

TARGETS Baseline from IDP 2010/11

PROPOSED

• All municipalities have prepared IWMPs and integrated them with IDPs.

• All organs of state responsible for the waste function to submit annual performance reports.

2005 IWM Plan

• Capacitate all key stakeholders on the IWMP by September 2011.

• Monitoring and review of the implementation of the IWMP on an annual basis.

• Establish formal communication lines between all relevant departments/MOEs/Entities by June 2011.

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

58

Tabl

e 20

: Act

ion

Pla

n fo

r In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

nnin

g

Targ

ets

Act

iviti

es

Tim

e Fr

ame

Res

pons

ibili

ty

Ens

ure

was

te m

inim

isat

ion

is

inco

rpor

ated

to b

road

er

plan

ning

pro

cess

.

Dev

elop

and

impl

emen

t an

awar

enes

s an

d ca

paci

ty b

uild

ing

prog

ram

me

for

inte

rnal

sta

keho

lder

s on

the

IWM

P w

ithin

2 m

onth

s of

the

appr

oval

of t

he

IWM

P.

May

201

1 E

nviro

nmen

t

Dev

elop

and

impl

emen

t an

awar

enes

s an

d ca

paci

ty b

uild

ing

prog

ram

me

for

exte

rnal

sta

keho

lder

s on

the

IWM

P w

ithin

6 m

onth

s of

the

appr

oval

of t

he

plan

. Cap

acita

te a

ll ke

y st

akeh

olde

rs o

n th

e IW

MP

by

Dec

embe

r 201

1.

Dec

embe

r 20

11

Env

ironm

ent

Mon

itorin

g an

d re

view

of t

he

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

IWM

P o

n an

ann

ual b

asis

.

Rev

iew

the

IWM

P o

n an

ann

ual b

asis

in o

rder

to e

nsur

e al

ignm

ent w

ith th

e ID

P.

Ann

ually

E

nviro

nmen

t

Ens

ure

that

all

key

stak

ehol

ders

hav

e de

velo

ped

oper

atio

nal p

lans

bas

ed

on th

e IW

MP

with

in 6

mon

ths

of th

e ap

prov

al o

f the

IWM

P.

Augu

st 2

012

Env

ironm

ent

Dev

elop

repo

rting

tem

plat

es a

nd p

roto

cols

for a

ll ke

y st

akeh

olde

rs w

ithin

2

mon

ths

of th

e ap

prov

al o

f the

IWM

P.

June

201

1 E

nviro

nmen

t

All

rele

vant

sta

keho

lder

s to

pre

pare

ann

ual r

epor

ts o

n th

e im

plem

enta

tion

prog

ress

. A

nnua

lly

Env

ironm

ent,

ISD

, P

ikitu

p, E

H, J

MP

D,

DE

D a

nd p

rivat

e se

ctor

.



59

6.4 Effective Service Delivery

Goal: To promote and ensure effective delivery of waste services to all waste generators within the CoJ by extending appropriate waste services to all un-serviced areas and continually improving the level of service given; Objectives:

• Extend at least a basic waste management services to all areas within the CoJ. • Ensure an efficient and effective waste management service. • Implement the Free Basic Refuse Removal Policy.

Target: All households within the COJ must receive a basic level of waste service according to waste level National/Provincial standards. Table 21: Targets for Effective Service Delivery

2005 IWMP 2010 DRAFT

NWMS COGTA

TARGETS Baseline from IDP

2010/11 PROPOSED

75% of all households receive a regular waste collection services and illegal dumping is phased out by year 2004.

• Universal provision of basic level of services.

• Cost of waste services below R50/hh/month (2010 prices).

• All municipalities to implement full cost accounting.

• All municipalities implementing FBRR policy.

All waste service backlogs to be eradicated by 2014.

• A weekly collection service has been achieved in all areas.

• 119 out of 182 informal areas receive a daily cleaning service.

• A level 4 cleanliness level has been maintained in the inner city.

• All households within the CoJ to receive at least a basic level of waste service, including a daily cleansing service to all informal settlements by 2014.

• Ensure an effective and efficient waste management service on an on-going basis.

• Implement the FBRR policy by July 2013.

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

60

Tabl

e 22

: Act

ion

Pla

n fo

r E

ffec

tive

Was

te S

ervi

ce D

eliv

ery

Targ

ets

Act

iviti

es

Tim

e Fr

ame

Res

pons

ibili

ty

All

hous

ehol

ds w

ithin

the

CoJ

to re

ceiv

e at

leas

t a

basi

c le

vel o

f was

te

serv

ice,

incl

udin

g a

daily

cl

eans

ing

serv

ice

to a

ll in

form

al s

ettle

men

ts b

y 20

14.

Iden

tify

area

s w

here

ser

vice

nee

ds im

prov

emen

t and

initi

ate

and

impl

emen

t app

ropr

iate

w

aste

col

lect

ion

syst

ems.

Ja

nuar

y 20

12

Piki

tup

Rev

iew

was

te c

olle

ctio

n op

erat

ions

, in

orde

r to

mak

e th

em a

s ef

ficie

nt a

s po

ssib

le, w

ith

due

rega

rd to

val

ue fo

r mon

ey in

the

area

of m

unic

ipal

was

te c

olle

ctio

n.

Janu

ary

2012

Pi

kitu

p

Initi

ate

the

colle

ctio

n of

acc

urat

e da

ta re

gard

ing

gene

ral a

nd c

omm

erci

al w

aste

ge

nera

tion

and

colle

ctio

n.

Janu

ary

2012

P

ikitu

p an

d th

e pr

ivat

e se

ctor

In

vest

igat

e an

d im

plem

ent w

aste

col

lect

ion

syst

ems

that

are

app

ropr

iate

for i

nfor

mal

se

ttlem

ents

and

hig

h de

nsity

are

as.

June

201

1 IS

D a

nd

Piki

tup

Ens

ure

an e

ffect

ive

and

effic

ient

was

te

man

agem

ent s

ervi

ce.

Impl

emen

t a n

ew re

vise

d ch

arge

rate

sys

tem

for w

aste

ser

vice

s.

June

201

2 Pi

kitu

p

Adh

ere

to th

e st

anda

rds

for s

treet

cle

anin

g as

set

by

the

prov

inci

al g

over

nmen

t. Ju

ne 2

011

ISD

and

Pi

kitu

p

Set

sta

ndar

ds fo

r ser

vice

s pr

ovid

ed to

low

inco

me

area

s an

d in

form

al s

ettle

men

ts.

June

201

3 E

nviro

nmen

t IS

D a

nd

Piki

tup

Dev

elop

and

impl

emen

t the

was

te c

olle

ctio

n gu

idel

ines

for e

xter

nal c

ontra

ctor

s.

June

201

2 E

nviro

nmen

t an

d IS

D

Impl

emen

t a W

aste

Col

lect

ors

Per

mitt

ing

Sch

eme.

Ju

ne 2

013

Env

ironm

ent

and

ISD

Und

erta

ke a

full

cost

s ac

coun

ting

exer

cise

whi

ch w

ill d

eter

min

e th

e tru

e co

st a

nd h

ence

th

e re

lativ

e ch

arge

s fo

r the

ser

vice

s.

June

201

2 IS

D a

nd

Piki

tup

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

61

Targ

ets

Act

iviti

es

Tim

e Fr

ame

Res

pons

ibili

ty

Pro

vide

app

ropr

iate

rece

ptac

les

that

pro

mot

e se

para

tion

at s

ourc

e to

all

hous

ehol

ds,

incl

udin

g in

form

al s

ettle

men

ts a

nd lo

w-in

com

e ne

ighb

ourh

oods

as

wel

l as

in p

ublic

ar

eas.

• G

ener

al w

aste

rece

ptac

les

to b

e pr

ovid

ed to

all

hous

ehol

ds b

y Ju

ne 2

012.

• R

ecyc

labl

e re

cept

acle

s to

be

prov

ided

as

follo

ws:

- 30

% o

f the

hou

seho

lds.

-

60%

of h

ouse

hold

s.

- 10

0% o

f hou

seho

lds.

2015

2020

2025

Piki

tup

Dev

elop

edu

catio

n an

d aw

aren

ess

prog

ram

mes

to p

rom

ote

an u

nder

stan

ding

of t

he

impo

rtanc

e of

was

te m

anag

emen

t, in

clud

ing

the

colle

ctio

n an

d ho

w th

e se

rvic

e fe

es

are

used

to fu

nd th

is w

aste

col

lect

ion.

Suc

h pr

ogra

mm

es c

an b

e al

igne

d w

ith th

e pr

ogra

mm

es u

nder

aw

aren

ess

rais

ing,

edu

catio

n an

d ca

paci

ty b

uild

ing.

June

201

3 Pi

kitu

p

Impl

emen

t the

FB

RR

po

licy

by J

uly

2013

. D

evel

op a

nd i

mpl

emen

t a

CoJ

Pol

icy

on F

BRR

to

cove

r am

ong

othe

r, th

e fo

llow

ing

aspe

cts

by D

ecem

ber 2

011:

• D

eter

min

e th

e nu

mbe

r of h

ouse

hold

s w

ho q

ualif

y fo

r FB

RR

• D

eter

min

e th

e as

soci

ated

fina

ncia

l cos

t,

• D

eter

min

e th

e po

tent

ial s

ourc

es o

f fun

ding

to c

over

the

cost

s.

June

201

4 E

nviro

nmen

t, IS

D a

nd

Piki

tup

Put

in

plac

e FB

RR

ser

vice

s ad

min

istra

tive

supp

ort

stru

ctur

es e

nsur

ing

effe

ctiv

e an

d ef

ficie

nt m

echa

nism

s of

impl

emen

tatio

n by

Jun

e 20

12.

June

201

4 IS

D a

nd

Piki

tup

C

omm

ence

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

FBR

R P

olic

y.

With

in a

yea

r of

the

Pol

icy

bein

g pr

omul

gate

d.

Piki

tup



62

6.5 Waste Information Systems

Goal: Achieving integrated waste management reporting and planning through the development and/or implementation of an appropriate and efficient waste management system aligned with provincial and national waste information requirements; Objectives:

• Establish and implement a waste information system that will track waste generation, disposal, waste diverted from landfill by all existing waste diversion programmes, treatment, exchanges etc.

• Establish a monitoring and reporting protocol (generators, collectors, treatment, recycling / re-use / recovery and disposal facilities to CoJ, CoJ to GDARD and/or DEA).

• Capacity building for all key personnel along the data chain e.g. weighbridge operators, data capturers, analysts and distributors.

Target: An operational WIS, with all waste activities registered and reporting to WIS, system that can generate state of waste management for the City. Table 23: Targets for Waste Information Systems

2005 IWMP 2010 DRAFT

NWMS PROVINCIAL TARGETS

Baselinefrom IDP 2010/11

PROPOSED

To have a fully operational WIS in place by the end of 2007 (the short term). This will include an extensive industry database and up-to-date waste management information and included as part of the waste licensing conditions.

To ensure publicly accessible information from SAWIS to provide accurate waste balance.

• A person who operates a GLB+, GLB-, GMB+ and/or GMB- sites must register their operations in terms of Regulation 4 of the Gauteng WIS Regulations within 180 days of the commencement of the Regulations for already existing facilities or before the commencement of operation of a new site.

• The total weight of waste received for disposal per month whether generated in Gauteng or outside should be reported.

• The landfill operator must prepare quarterly reports for submission to the Provincial Environmental department not later than 2 weeks after the end of the quarter coinciding with quarters ending in March, June, September and December.

• Alignment of the CoJ reporting requirements with the provincial requirements to avoid duplication of reporting requirements on the service providers.

• All relevant waste facilities must report accurately on the SAWIS as per the SAWIS requirements.

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

63

Tabl

e 24

: Act

ion

Pla

n fo

r W

aste

Info

rmat

ion

Sys

tem

s

Targ

ets

Act

iviti

es

Tim

e Fr

ame

Res

pons

ibili

ty

All

was

te

faci

litie

s op

erat

ing

with

in t

he C

oJ

mus

t rep

ort a

ccur

atel

y on

th

e S

AW

IS

as

per

the

SA

WIS

requ

irem

ents

.

• A

com

preh

ensi

ve w

aste

sur

vey,

incl

udin

g w

aste

cha

ract

eris

atio

n to

be

unde

rtake

n fo

r the

CoJ

. •

To b

e in

clud

ed in

the

next

revi

ew

June

201

2 E

nviro

nmen

t and

ISD

• A

Was

te In

form

atio

n S

yste

ms

for t

he C

oJ h

as to

be

esta

blis

hed

and

oper

atio

nal.

This

sho

uld

incl

ude

reco

rds

of w

aste

gen

erat

ed w

ithin

the

CoJ

but

trea

ted

and

disp

osed

out

side

the

bord

ers

of th

e C

oJ.

• A

ll w

aste

man

agem

ent a

ctiv

ities

sho

uld

also

regi

ster

and

repo

rt on

the

CO

J w

aste

man

agem

ent s

yste

m.

Dec

embe

r 20

11

Env

ironm

ent

All

was

te a

ctiv

ities

, inc

ludi

ng th

ose

run

by th

e C

oJ, m

ust b

e re

gist

ered

on

eith

er th

e S

AW

IS o

r Gau

teng

WIS

. Ju

ne 2

011

All

MO

Es,

dep

artm

ents

and

pr

ivat

e se

ctor

All

plan

ned

was

te m

anag

emen

t act

iviti

es s

houl

d be

regi

ster

ed o

n th

e S

AW

IS o

r G

aute

ng W

IS b

efor

e th

ey c

omm

ence

with

ope

ratio

n.

As

soon

as

such

fa

cilit

ies

are

oper

atio

nal

All

MO

Es,

dep

artm

ents

and

pr

ivat

e se

ctor

All

regi

ster

ed fa

cilit

ies,

incl

udin

g th

ose

owne

d by

the

CoJ

mus

t rep

ort o

n th

e ap

prop

riate

WIS

. O

n a

mon

thly

ba

sis

All

MO

Es,

dep

artm

ents

and

pr

ivat

e se

ctor

Qua

rterly

repo

rts m

ust b

e su

bmitt

ed to

the

Gau

teng

Env

ironm

enta

l dep

artm

ent.

Qua

rterly

A

ll M

OE

s, d

epar

tmen

ts a

nd

priv

ate

sect

or

All

rele

vant

per

sonn

el s

houl

d un

derg

o tra

inin

g on

dat

a ca

ptur

e, v

erifi

catio

n an

d an

alys

is m

etho

ds o

f the

WIS

. D

ecem

ber

2011

A

ll M

OE

s, d

epar

tmen

ts a

nd

priv

ate

sect

or

Liai

son

with

the

prov

inci

al g

over

nmen

t and

the

deve

lopm

ent o

f a c

omm

on re

porti

ng

sche

dule

to a

void

dup

licat

ion

of re

porti

ng b

y se

rvic

e pr

ovid

ers

and

info

rmat

ion

shar

ing.

Dec

embe

r 20

11

CoJ

, Pro

vinc

ial g

over

nmen

t

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

64

Targ

ets

Act

iviti

es

Tim

e Fr

ame

Res

pons

ibili

ty

G

ener

ate

a st

ate

of w

aste

man

agem

ent f

or th

e C

ity

2015

Env

ironm

ent,

ISD

and

Pi

kitu

p



65

6.6 Capacity Building and Awareness Raising

Goal: To raise awareness about waste management, including treatment and disposal impacts and options, and building capacity in support of waste minimisation, reuse, recycling and recovery initiatives; Objectives

• Develop and implement a communication and public awareness plan that encourage minimisation, reuse, recycling, and recovery and discourage illegal dumping and littering, thereby minimise the negative impacts of waste on the environment including the quality of life of the people themselves. This IWMP will include among others the following: o Capacity building programmes for internal members of staff within the CoJ. o Awareness and education programmes for the broader community. o Mechanisms of forming partnerships with different stakeholders in order to expend

the reach and impact of the awareness campaigns undertaken. Table 25: Targets for Capacity Building and Awareness Raising

2005 IWMP 2010 DARFT

NWMS PROVINCIAL

TARGETS

Baselinefrom IDP 2010/11

PROPOSED

That 40% of the population of the City of Johannesburg will have been exposed to information and been made aware of waste management and waste management planning issues by the end of 2007.

• 80% of municipalities running effective local awareness campaigns

• 60% of South Africans show meaningful awareness of waste issues

• 50% of schools have waste awareness and recycling programmes

• 80% participation of municipalities in the Cleanest Town programme

• 25% of schools within the CoJ have established waste minimisation programmes and/or other waste related projects by June 2012.

• Initiate programmes that translate the objectives of provincial and national programmes geared towards encouraging cleaner environments and responsible behaviour towards the environment such as the ‘Bontle ke botho’ and the ‘Cleanest Town competitions to other stakeholders and the broader community by December 2010.

• Initiation and operation of other awareness campaigns involving an additional 20% of the population of the CoJ (excluding the schools) by June 2011.

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

66

Tabl

e 26

: Act

ion

Pla

n fo

r A

war

enes

s R

aisi

ng a

nd C

apac

ity B

uild

ing

Targ

ets

Act

iviti

es

Tim

e Fr

ame

Res

pons

ibili

ty

Initi

atio

n an

d op

erat

ion

of o

ther

aw

aren

ess

cam

paig

ns in

volv

ing

an a

dditi

onal

20%

of t

he

popu

latio

n of

the

CoJ

(exc

ludi

ng th

e sc

hool

s).

Dev

elop

and

initi

ate

scho

ol p

rogr

amm

es th

at w

ill e

nhan

ce th

e pr

inci

ples

of

was

te m

inim

isat

ion

and

recy

clin

g su

ch a

s th

e fo

llow

ing:

•

Dev

elop

was

te re

cycl

ing

reso

urce

s fo

r sch

ools

. •

Sta

ndar

d m

ater

ials

for c

lass

room

dem

onst

ratio

ns a

nd ta

lks.

•

Pre

pare

a w

aste

aud

it gu

ide

for s

choo

ls.

June

201

5 Pi

kitu

p

Initi

ate

prog

ram

mes

that

tran

slat

e th

e ob

ject

ives

of

pro

vinc

ial a

nd n

atio

nal p

rogr

amm

es g

eare

d to

war

ds e

ncou

ragi

ng c

lean

er e

nviro

nmen

ts a

nd

resp

onsi

ble

beha

viou

r tow

ards

the

envi

ronm

ent

such

as

the

‘Bon

tle k

e bo

tho’

and

the

‘Cle

anes

t To

wn

com

petit

ions

to o

ther

sta

keho

lder

s an

d th

e br

oade

r com

mun

ity.

Com

petit

ions

bet

wee

n th

e di

ffere

nt s

ecto

rs o

f soc

iety

can

be

initi

ated

to

culm

inat

e in

to th

e pr

ovin

cial

ly a

nd n

atio

nally

run

prog

ram

mes

for t

he c

ity

as a

who

le. S

uch

com

petit

ions

can

incl

ude

but n

ot li

mite

d to

war

d co

mpe

titio

ns.

Furth

er a

war

enes

s pr

ogra

mm

es d

iscu

ssed

bel

ow w

ill al

so c

ontri

bute

to

war

ds th

is p

rogr

amm

e.

Dec

embe

r20

12

Env

ironm

ent,

Pik

itup

25%

of s

choo

ls w

ithin

the

CoJ

hav

e es

tabl

ishe

d w

aste

min

imis

atio

n pr

ogra

mm

es a

nd/o

r oth

er

was

te re

late

d pr

ojec

ts.

Pro

mot

e an

d im

plem

ent H

ome

Com

post

ing

prog

ram

s.

Dec

embe

r20

11

Piki

tup

Pre

pare

, dis

sem

inat

e an

d pr

omot

e a

"Goo

d C

ompo

stin

g G

uide

". Ja

nuar

y 20

12

Piki

tup

Dev

elop

an

Info

rmal

set

tlem

ents

and

low

inco

me

Com

mun

ities

Edu

catio

n pr

ojec

t. Ja

nuar

y 20

12

Piki

tup

Pro

mot

e an

d E

stab

lish

Com

mun

ity g

arde

n ne

twor

ks.

June

201

3 Pi

kitu

p

Dev

elop

a "H

ow to

Gui

de" t

o ge

t com

mun

ity g

arde

ns u

p an

d ru

nnin

g.

Janu

ary

2013

Pi

kitu

p

Inve

stig

ate

esta

blis

hmen

t of a

"Res

ourc

e Li

brar

y" (v

irtua

l, el

ectro

nic)

. D

ecem

ber

2014

IS

D a

nd E

nviro

nmen

t

Dev

elop

an

educ

atio

n an

d aw

aren

ess

prog

ram

me,

gui

des

and

info

rmat

ion

pack

s.

2012

A

ll M

OE

s an

d de

partm

ents

, pr

ivat

e se

ctor

.

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

67

Targ

ets

Act

iviti

es

Tim

e Fr

ame

Res

pons

ibili

ty

Pre

pare

New

Sta

ff In

duct

ion

broc

hure

/gui

de b

y Ja

nuar

y 20

11.

Janu

ary

2012

E

nviro

nmen

t



68

6.7 Compliance and Enforcement

Goal: To achieve compliance to the waste management by-laws of the CoJ through effective enforcement including prosecution in cases of non-compliance. Objectives:

• Conduct systematic monitoring of compliance with regulations and permit conditions • Create a culture of compliance with by-laws • Establishment of an anonymous non-compliance reporting system. • Successful prosecutions of waste offenders

Target: Achieve 80% of compliance by all waste management activities Table 27: Targets for Compliance and Enforcement

2005IWMP

2010 DRAFT NWMS PROVINCIAL

TARGETS Baseline from IDP 2010/11

PROPOSED

• All permitted waste activities have annual compliance monitoring reports

• 100% follow up of reports of non-compliance via hotline

• Training of personnel as Environmental Management Inspectors (EMIs)

• All incidents of non-compliance taken up by EMIs

• 50% success rate in prosecutions.

Align fines for illegal dumping with those of national government.

• Alignment of the By-laws with the Waste Act by December 2010.

• Improve the prosecution rate and their successes by - 10% by June 2012. - 20% by June 2013 - 30% by June 2014 - 40% by June 2015

Rev

iew

of t

he In

tegr

ated

Was

te M

anag

emen

t Pla

n fo

r the

City

of J

ohan

nesb

urg

C

oJ IW

M P

lan

– M

arch

201

1

69

Tabl

e 28

: Act

ion

Pla

n fo

r C

ompl

ianc

e an

d E

nfor

cem

ent

Targ

ets

Act

iviti

es

Tim

e Fr

ame

Res

pons

ibili

ty

Rev

iew

By-

law

s

Rev

iew

the

curre

nt B

ylaw

s to

ens

ure

alig

nmen

t with

: •

The

natio

nal a

nd p

rovi

ncia

l prio

ritie

s as

wel

l as

puni

tive

mea

sure

s as

pr

escr

ibed

by

the

Was

te A

ct. E

.g. f

ines

mus

t be

incr

ease

d to

det

er n

on-

com

plia

nce.

•

The

curr

ent c

halle

nges

with

in th

e C

oJ.

• Th

e re

view

ed IW

M P

olic

y an

d P

lan.

Dec

embe

r 20

11

Env

ironm

ent

Impr

ove

the

pros

ecut

ion

rate

and

the

ir su

cces

ses

by 1

0%

Est

ablis

h a

hot l

ine

for r

epor

ting

non-

com

plia

nce.

Thi

s ho

t lin

e sh

ould

ex

plor

e al

l pos

sibl

e re

porti

ng m

echa

nism

s in

clud

ing

voic

e ca

lls, s

ms,

em

ail

and

inte

rnet

onl

ine

repo

rting

.

Dec

embe

r 20

15

Env

ironm

ent,

JMP

D a

nd E

H

Est

ablis

h a

com

plia

nce

and

enfo

rcem

ent s

ectio

n w

ithin

the

Env

ironm

enta

l m

anag

emen

t dep

artm

ent.

Dec

embe

r 20

15

Env

ironm

enta

l M

anag

emen

t O

ffer E

MI t

rain

ing

to e

nviro

nmen

tal c

ompl

ianc

e an

d en

forc

emen

t offi

cial

s to

en

able

effe

ctiv

e in

vest

igat

ions

and

hen

ce im

prov

e th

e pr

osec

utio

n ra

te a

nd

thei

r suc

cess

es.

June

201

2 E

nviro

nmen

t

Pro

duct

ion

of a

nnua

l com

plia

nce

repo

rts fo

r all

perm

itted

faci

litie

s ow

ned

by

the

CoJ

as

wel

l as

othe

rs re

gist

ered

on

the

CoJ

WIS

. A

nnua

lly

Pik

itup

and

priv

ate

sect

or

Est

ablis

h a

hot l

ine

for r

epor

ting

non-

com

plia

nce.

Thi

s ho

t lin

e sh

ould

ex

plor

e al

l pos

sibl

e re

porti

ng m

echa

nism

s in

clud

ing

voic

e ca

lls, s

ms,

em

ail

and

inte

rnet

onl

ine

repo

rting

.

Dec

embe

r 20

11

Env

ironm

ent,

JMP

D a

nd E

H

Follo

w u

p on

non

-com

plia

nce

issu

es re

porte

d.

With

in 2

mon

ths

of s

uch

inci

dent

s be

ing

repo

rted.

JM

PD

and

EH

Ong

oing

trai

ning

to n

ew o

ffici

als,

adh

eren

ce to

com

plia

nce

and

enfo

rcem

ent p

roto

col a

nd c

lear

com

mun

icat

ion

lines

with

oth

er re

leva

nt

stak

ehol

ders

and

aut

horit

ies

such

as

JMP

D a

nd E

H.

June

201

3 EM

Is



70

6.8 Pollution Control

Goal: Preventing pollution and ecological degradation through strategic interventions aimed at the promotion of judicious management of waste by all waste generators within the CoJ.. The interventions will address issues pertaining to littering, illegal dumping and hazardous waste management; Objectives: � Minimise illegal dumping and littering through sustainable programmes combining clean-up

programmes, awareness and education programmes as well as enforcement of by-laws. � Facilitate the management of hazardous waste to avoid and/or minimise potential pollution of

the environment. Target: Reduce by 50% incidences of pollution that come as a result of poor waste management. Table 29: Targets for Pollution Control

2005IWMP

2010DRAFT NWMS

PROVINCIALTARGETS

Baseline from IDP 2010/11 PROPOSED

Illegal dumping prevention Programmes undertaken.

• Develop and implement an illegal dumping management plan by 2011.

• Develop and implement a hazardous waste management response programme by June 2011.



71

Table 30: Action Plan for Pollution Control

Targets Activities Time Frame Responsibility Reduce by 50% incidences of pollution that come as a result of poor waste management

Develop and implement an illegal dumping management plan.

December 2011 Environment, ISD and Pikitup

Review provisions under the waste management by-laws to strengthen disincentives to illegal dumping behaviour and to encourage responsible disposal of waste.

June 2011 Environment

Develop a Clean City Strategy. This will among other include the following: • Provision of bulk containers to places such

as taxi rank, bus terminals, construction sites etc

• Anti dumping and littering programmes.

December 2011 Environment, ISD and Pikitup

Commence implementation of the Clean City Strategy.

2012 All MOEs, Departments and private sector

Monitor and enforce Council by-laws on illegal dumping on an ongoing basis.

ongoing basis JMPD

Develop and implement a hazardous waste management response protocol

Develop and implement a hazardous waste management incident response protocol in conjunction with the province.

2012 Environment

6.9 Budget and Financial Management

Goal: Sound budgeting and financial management for waste services Objectives:

• Sound financial planning for waste services • Full cost accounting for waste services • Cost reflective and volumetric tariffs implemented • Waste services sustainably financed

Targets: • A medium term capital and operating plan for waste services to be developed by

December 2011 • Full cost accounting for waste services to be implemented by June 2012 • Cost reflective tariffs to be implemented by June 2012

6.10 Capacity and Human Resource

Goal: Adequate staffing and capacity for waste management



72

Objectives: • Additional technical capacity developed to deal with norms and standards, industry

regulation and remediation • EMI capacity expanded to deal with Waste Act and by-law implementation • Private sector capacity mobilized to support waste service delivery and community based

collection models Targets:

• Vacant post to be filled within 6 months of the vacancy being created. • Annual monitoring of the development plans for the internal staff in line with the needs of

the CoJ. E.g. EMI training • Waste Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) and/or community based waste collection

models to be implemented by June 2012.

6.11 Performance Monitoring and Reporting

Goal: Effective monitoring and reporting on performance with waste functions Objectives:

• Implement systematic monitoring of key performance indicators by all relevant sections/departments in the CoJ and Pikitup as per the requirements of this plan.

• Reporting on key performance indicators in line with provincial and national requirements.

Targets:

• Reliable data is available on 90% of the IWMP key performance indicators. • All sections/departments responsible for waste functions within the CoJ and Pikitup

submit annual performance reports • Annual performance assessment published.

6.12 Cooperative Governance

Goal: To ensure that the CoJ’s planning is aligned with and compliment the strategies and plans of other affected organs of state including other municipalities. Objectives:

� To enable information sharing � To influence strategic decisions made in the form of legislation, policies, plans and

strategies. � To maximise efficiency and utilisation of resources.

Targets:

� Designate a Waste Management Officer (WMO) by June 2011 who will coordinate all waste management activities within the CoJ.

� Join the provincial Waste Management Forum by December 2010.



73

7 INSTRUMENTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IWMP

7.1 Partnerships

The costs and needs of a sustainable waste management system are huge and hence require input and participation from its varied stakeholders. It is thus important for municipalities to form partnerships with different stakeholders to try and sustain and promote good waste management practices for all their community members. There are a wide range of partnerships that can be formed. A few examples are given below:

� Public-public Partnerships: This is a partnership between two public sector institutions or organisations where neither partner seeks profit from the partnership. A typical example of such a partnership could be in cases of operating regional waste facilities. All concerned municipalities would come together in the joint development of such a facility and share the costs.

� Public-private partnerships: This is normally a partnership between a public sector

institution/organisation and a private company or party. The private company or party takes the financial risks for the project including capital costs, designing and building the facility as well as the operational costs. The land typically belong to the public entity with the fixed asserts sponsored by the private entity but ultimately becoming state property.

� Public-community partnerships: This partnership includes members of the community

receiving the service forming part of the partnership with the public entity giving the service. A typical example in waste management is when community based contractors are involved in recycling programmes by among other collecting the recyclables which have been separated at source.

7.2 Legal and Policy Instruments

A critical component to the implementation of the IWMP is the supporting legal framework. This framework needs to support and guide the implementation of the objectives of the IWMP. The Integrated Waste Management Policy is currently also being reviewed. This provides an excellent chance to ensure that both the plan and policy are aligned and support the implementation of the desired objectives.

In addition to the policy, a municipality needs by-laws which will give the plan a binding legal standing. This will also allow for punitive measures in cases of non compliance. The CoJ by-laws are currently being revised. The revision of these bylaws should be aligned with both the Policy and Plan in order to ensure relevance and effectiveness. Provincial policies and regulations as discussed in Chapter 3 of this document also have relevance together with the national prescripts.



74

7.3 Economic Instruments

Financing of waste management services is dependent on accurate costing of the required services. The full cost of waste service provision is seldom understood by both municipal officials as well as the general public. This results in waste management services often being under budgeted and/or communities’ reluctance to pay the rightful cost of the service. Tariffs have the potential to fully cover the costs of providing the services, but the charges are often set below actual costs. Currently the CoJ tariffs are set based on the stand size of households which provides opportunities for cross subsidisation between different areas but disregards the actual costs of providing that service. Below are some of the interventions that can be implemented.

• Undertake on a full cost accounting exercise for waste management services to include aspects of collection, transportation, landfill, street cleansing, fee collection, debt payment and depreciation.

• Implementing recycling programmes will reduce the disposal costs and generate revenue for the municipality. The cost accounting exercise referred to above could include the costs of these recycling programmes against their gains in terms of real monetary returns as well as cost savings relating to increased landfill life span through saved air space.

• Increasing the service charges to correlate with the actual costs maybe a challenge to low income groups, given the current backlog specifically to those areas. The concept of Pay-as-you-throw may then be a better approach, where the service charge is proportional to the waste produced per household. The CoJ is in the process of investigating this option.

The implementation of this IWMP can necessitate both capital and operational costs which can be funded through potential avenues listed in the table below. Table 31: Funding Options

Capital Funding Operational Funding Own funding Tariffs Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG) Rates Consolidated Municipal Infrastructure Programme (CMIP) Equitable share Municipal Systems Improvement Programme (MSIP) Donor funding Extended Public Works Programme (EPWP) Carbon credits Donor funding Product revenue Financial institution (e.g. DBSA) Public-private partnerships Provincial and National government allocations Additional sources of funding which can also serve to achieve some of the objectives of this IWM Plan are the implementation of taxes. The use of taxes can encourage and/or discourage certain behaviours and attitudes towards waste management. For instance, certain taxes can encourage recycling and discourage production of certain products or the usage of certain materials in the production processes. The Table below details the implications and limitations of some of these tax types which can be explored.



75

Table 32: Options of Waste-related Tax Types Tax Type Implications Limitations

Product taxes • Discourage the consumption/production of certain products;

• Could take the form of advanced disposal fees and raise revenue to finance reuse, recycling, recovery and product disposal.

• Can contribute to the proliferation of tax instruments and complicated funding mechanisms;

• Can be difficult to target the source of externality.

Deposit-refund systems

• Encourage certain products to be returned to relevant points

• Can only be applied to certain products. • Administrative and compliance costs can

be high; • Not intended to raise revenue.

Disposal taxes • Encourage a reduction in overall waste levels;

• Could discourage certain waste streams;

• Could be used to penalise certain forms of waste disposal over others; and

• Could be used to encourage upgrading of waste disposal facilities.

• May run counter to other waste management objectives.

• May lead to perverse incentives and Tax avoidance (especially in the context of hazardous waste).

• Could increase illegal disposal

Differential User Charges

• Encourage reduced generation of waste.

• Encourage greater separation of waste at source.

• Exclusively a local government competence and only loosely associated to wider environmental fiscal reform objectives;

• May be difficult to implement in low income households.

Source: Modified from the Sustainability Institute (2007) 8 ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION AND CONSULTATION

Several communication actions are needed to raise awareness about integrated waste management actions. These actions include communications between government departments, within government departments, between the government and industry/businesses, and between the government and the public. Communication should be such that every person understands the importance of responsible waste management and is empowered to take part in initiatives with confidence. Chapter 3 of the Constitution places an obligation on all spheres of government and organs of state to comply with the principles of co-operative governance. This implies that certain levels of communication and consultation is needed between different spheres of government to enhance the understanding of roles and responsibilities towards integrated waste management. Ultimately, such an understanding will lead to co-operation towards the implementation of all waste management strategies, as well as reaching waste management targets. Through consultative processes, members of the public have the right to take part in the decision-making (Sections 72 and 73 of NEMWA). Therefore, it is the responsibility of the municipal council



76

to create an enabling environment for community participation in municipal decision-making processes.

8.1 Communicate by example

Foremost, the municipality should propagate minimisation, reuse, separation at source, recycling and recovery principles. Awareness of solid waste issues should be created amongst all levels of decision makers. Clear guidance should be provided on how to overcome the challenges related to solid waste management. Simultaneously, all programmes related to solid waste within departments should be co-ordinated and streamlined to be cost and time efficient. Each municipal official should understand the importance of, have the knowledge to implement, and publicly practice minimisation, re-use, separation at source, recycling and recovery. The behaviour of municipal officials should be such that it serves as a good example of how waste should be dealt with. As part of the process of obtaining political buy-in from all spheres of government, the above example should be rolled out to other government departments. This will strengthen the integrated waste management message, as well as ensure stability and uniformity in the way waste is managed across government departments. The successful implementing of waste management actions within government will send out a clear message to all waste generators residents that the CoJ is serious about reducing reliance on landfill disposal and managing waste in a manner that is protective of the environment and society. This will also foster a deeper understanding and appreciation of waste management issues for municipal officials, which will in turn reflect in their influence on the broader community. This will set an example to the community and contribute towards the successful implementation of the IWM Plan.

8.2 Benchmarking

Benchmarking encourages a sharing and learning between municipalities. The value of such exercises lies within the active learning and comparing that takes place, as well as the implementation of good practices related to waste management following on such benchmarking exercises. Benchmarking will only have value if municipalities with a fair amount of similarities (background, number of residents and income) compare their good practices.

8.3 Communicate for public awareness

Public buy-in is essential for the implementation of an integrated waste management plan. The level of public buy-in will be determined by the communication between the CoJ and the public, the knowledge the public has about waste management, how convenient it is for the public to take part in the waste management actions, the sense of pride the pubic takes in their environment, and the example set by the municipality.



77

8.3.1 Public participation

Communication is a two-way process. Information needs to go from the CoJ to the public, but simultaneously the public must receive the opportunity to comment on all proposed CoJ decisions. Examples of participatory initiatives that create awareness include:

• Ward meetings: regular public meetings between municipal warden members and municipal residents

• Community projects: While there is merit in the traditional cleaning up campaigns, community projects should strive to create a sense of pride in their environment as well as the will to take responsibility for their immediate surroundings and the environment. This will only be achieved if the CoJ shows a serious drive towards e.g. combating illegal dumping and ensuring a clean environment for all municipal residents. Through community projects, unsightly areas prone to illegal dumping can be turned into gardens, play parks or recreation areas.

• Targeted door-to-door education campaigns could add value as a two-way communication method to create buy-in in areas where waste management can be improved

• Reporting of incidents: Providing a mechanism to report bad waste management practices, including e.g. poor service delivery and illegal dumping, will give the public a sense of responsibility, and pride, in their immediate environment.

8.3.2 Information transfer

Examples of information transfer include the dissemination of relevant information via the following communication channels:

• Bill boards • Local newspapers, e.g. regular informative articles • Local radio stations, e.g. talk shows and advertisements • Newsletters, including electronic newsletters • Flyers • Educational material in collaboration with the Department of Education • Presentations and hands-on shows at schools, e.g. a positive preventative message will

make learners aware of how the environment should be protected and conserved. • Discussions with businesses and industry to create win-win situations related to waste

management

8.3.3 The message

The message that is communicated to the public should encourage good waste management practices. The communications should also capacitate the public to actively participate in waste minimisation, reuse, recycling and recovery initiatives. The following types of information need to be communicated:

• Why is it necessary to reduce reliance on landfill disposal • Ideas on how to minimize waste • Ideas on how to re-use “waste”



78

• How to separate at source • What can be recycled or recovered • How to recycle: kerbside collection and/ or drop-off centres • Frequency of collection • New developments at drop-off centres • Information on municipal targets and progress in reaching such targets • How the community/municipal residents can contribute in helping to reach such targets • Encouragement to report incidents by making use of the 18/7 toll free line (or similar

which is put in place) and the action taken after reporting of incidents • Information on opportunities to take part in municipal decision-making processes • Dates of the regular public meetings

Examples on how waste minimization, re-use, separation at source and recycling save the municipality money and thus lower waste removal bills

8.3.4 Providing an enabling environment

While participatory initiatives and the provision of information are needed, the provision of an enabling environment is also necessary to encourage the correct waste management behaviour. The public has the right to contribute to municipal decision-making processes. Therefore, the municipal council must establish appropriate mechanisms, processes and procedures to enable public participation in the municipal affairs. The convenience factor is important to ensure participation in waste minimization, reuse, recycling and recovery initiatives. Examples on how to provide an enabling environment are listed below:

• Provide clearly marked recycle bins for kerb side collection of separated at source waste • Clean and tidy drop-off centres • Ensure safety of the public at drop-off centres • Call centre operated 24/7 or 18/7 where incidents can be reported and from where the

relevant municipal officers can be alerted to ensure timely action is taken. 9 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

In order to ensure meaningful integration and successful implementation of the IWM Plan, there is a need to clearly differentiate the roles and responsibilities of all relevant stakeholders within the CoJ boundaries. These roles and responsibilities are directly based on the requirements of the Constitution and other relevant legislation such as the NEMWA as well as per the IWM Policy.

9.1 City of Johannesburg’s Responsibilities

9.1.1 Municipal Manager

The City Manager is ultimately responsible for ensuring that waste within his/her areas of jurisdiction is managed in accordance with legislative requirements of South Africa.



79

9.1.2 Waste Management Officer

The Waste Management Officer (WMO) designated in terms of Section 10 (3) of NEMWA, is responsible for ensuring that the dedicated waste management staff and the services provided by these staff meet the requirements of the Policy and are compliant with the legislation of South Africa. The WMO is also responsible for the coordination of waste management activities to ensure integration. It is the responsibility of all staff to adhere to all relevant legislation, including the IWM Policy, and this Plan.

9.1.3 Environmental Management Department

Environmental management department is the department that houses the Waste Management directorate. Some issues although specific to waste management are best handled at a broader level of environmental concerns due to the overlaps in disciplines and the integration required in dealing with such. One pertinent issue relates to compliance and enforcement. In terms of chapter 7 of NEMA, Environmental Management Inspectors have the jurisdiction over all environmental matter and have powers to enforce NEMA and all its subsidiary legislation. It is therefore recommended that a section for compliance and monitoring of environmental legislation, which will include waste management be established within the environment department. This section will work together with JMPD and environmental health as the need arises, but will be the central point for all compliance monitoring and enforcement issues relating to NEMA and all its subsidiary legislation.

9.1.4 Waste Management Directorate

The Waste Management Directorate in the Department: Environmental Management is primarily responsible for strategic planning and policy formulation making it the core directorate to play the coordination and integration role within the CoJ. Their specific roles will thus include the following: • Ensuring that all waste records are maintained in accordance with the regulations and the

Waste Information System (WIS); • Undertaking audits to ensure that all departments, MOEs, Contractors and Agencies dealing

with waste are in compliance with this plan and the IWM Policy. • Investigate and make recommendations for improvements as required where accidents and

incidents are identified as non compliant with the plan and the IWM Policy. • Ensure that all regulatory requirements on the CoJ such as National Domestic Waste

Collection Standards and the GPG General Waste Collection Standards, including Waste Management Licences, Exemptions from Waste Management licences are adhered to.

9.1.5 Infrastructure and Serviced Department

The ISD is the department responsible for managing all MOEs/utilities/agencies responsible for delivering waste management services on behalf of the CoJ and ensuring that they perform according to their Service Delivery Agreement (SDA). Pikitup, which performs all operational duties with regards to waste collection and disposal, is one such utility which is managed by ISD. While the ISD oversees the operational issues of waste management the Waste Management directorate is concerned with strategic planning and policy issues. Communication between these two (2) is therefore imperative to ensure a smooth implementation of the broad policies and plan developed



80

by the Waste management directorate. The plans derived by ISD in terms of the policy direction from the waste management directorate will be translated into action for Pikitup by way of the SDA. The relationship between the relevant MOEs and departments within the CoJ is shown in Figure 13.

9.1.6 Line Department Managers

Other line Departmental Managers within the CoJ where relevant will be responsible for: • Ensuring that staff under their control is aware of the IWM Policy and Plan and that the

mandatory training requirements of staff are fulfilled. • Ensuring that where appropriate operational plans in relation to the implementation of the IWM

Plan are developed and progress reporting in relation to same is undertaken. • Assisting the Waste Management Department to make improvements to departmental waste

management systems where accidents or incidents occur.

9.2 Responsibilities of Governance Structures of the CoJ

The Regions’ general responsibility is to monitor the outcomes of service delivery, and to report deficiencies to service departments for corrective action. They also have a responsibility to identify projects in terms of the IDP and community needs.

9.3 Stakeholder Responsibilities

Households and industry shall avoid negative impacts from waste on the environment and also play a role in terms of separation of waste at source, waste exchange and cleaner production. Changes in consumption patterns will reduce generation of waste and save our precious non-renewable natural resources. In terms of waste avoidance and minimization, the co-operation and additional effort of the manufacturers and producers in terms of “Cleaner Production and Sustainable Consumption” and “Extended Producer Responsibility” (EPR) initiatives, and participation by the consumers of goods as part of individual waste minimization effort is required. In this regard the responsibilities of residents, visitors or entities inside the City’s boundaries include the following: • All stakeholders must avoid generating waste as far as possible;

• All residents, property owners, government departments, non-governmental or community service organizations, and business entities handling waste must be registered with on the CoJ waste information system.

• All entities and individuals wishing to engage in commercial waste minimization and recycling activities inside the City boundaries that will divert waste from landfill must be accredited and licensed by the CoJ to operate in the City’s boundaries;

• All events organized and hosted in the CoJ must have a waste management plan that includes source separation and a provision for the cost of associated waste management services.

• Industrial and health care entities must have a contract with a legitimate private sector service provider able to provide a service according to the nature of the waste that must be collected, and/or treated, and/or recycled, and/or disposed;

• Health care risk waste generators, transporters and facility operators must have a valid permit and/or licence issued by the CoJ’s City Health Department or the Provincial Government;



81

• Property owners, traders or businesses may only use the receptacles provided for their own use at the site and for the purpose it has been provided, or can apply for additional receptacles or enhanced services at additional cost;

• The occupant of a dwelling or property, manager of a facility, amenity or a business entity, or entrepreneur that generates waste, must ensure that recyclable waste is separated and stored in an approved container;

• The waste generator must transport recyclables or have these collected at own cost to a specially provided facility, where the recyclable materials must be placed in separate bulk containers or a separate area provided at the facility;

• Property owners of vacant land and occupants of occupied property are responsible for maintaining cleanliness and hygiene standards inside the boundaries of the property in terms of the City’s applicable by-laws. The City reserves the right to clean waste and overgrowth that accumulates on such land at the owner’s expense at the cost of cleaning and disposing of the waste.

• Property owners and/or developers of land and buildings must provide for waste management infrastructure according to the CoJ’s guidelines, and must submit a waste management plan as part of the City’s plans approval process.

• All relevant stakeholders in terms of the Action Plans set in this plan must develop operating plans and ensure regular reporting on progress of implementation of the plan to the Waste management directorate.

EXECUTIVE MAYOR

CITY MANAGER

ENVIRONMENT JMPDINFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES DEPARTMENT (ISD)

Waste Management SectorWaste Management & Regulation

Environmental Regulatory Services

By-Law Enforcement

PIKITUP

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

Environmental Health

Waste Information Systems

Environmental Compliance and Enforcement

Figure 13: Roles and Responsibilities within the CoJ 10 MONITORING AND REVIEW

10.1 Monitoring of IWM Plan

An ongoing monitoring plan for the implementation of the IWMP detailed above should be developed. This monitoring constitutes an essential and integral part of the planning process.



82

Performance and development indicators should be developed during the course of developing operating plans for the different sections responsible for waste management. The monitoring will focus on the short-term objectives of the IWMP to ensure that corrective action can be taken where necessary. Monitoring activities that should to be considered include:

General Issues Resource situation: budget allocations

Human resources: Vacancies, skills and training;

Payment for services: Tariff setting and collection thereof

Rates of generation of waste, verified by the waste information system

Registering of facilities on WIS and reporting.

Reporting to provincial and national environmental departments.

Illegal dumping and littering: amounts cleared and the costs involved.

Legislation, regulations and by-laws are in place.

Complaints regarding poor waste management.

Waste prevention and minimisation Annual reports of waste minimisation programmes and projects;

Annual environmental reports on emissions to air, water and land;

Achievement of targets for prioritised waste streams and pollutants;

Information exchange and the establishment of waste minimisation clubs.

Collection and transportation

� Annual reports on the implementation of collection and transportation services. � Payment received for waste collection and transportation services as against the actual

cost for provision of these services.

Reuse, Recycling and Recovery Annual reports on waste reuse, recycling and recovery programmes and projects;

Information exchange between stakeholders;

Stakeholder forums coordinating new reuse, recycling and recovery activities;

Social and environmental impacts of the implementation of new reuse, recycling and recovery initiatives.

Treatment Registration and licensing of waste treatment facilities;



83

Auditing of waste treatment facilities by provincial authorities;

Environmental performance and impact;

Provision of adequate hazardous waste treatment facilities.

Disposal Registration and licensing of waste disposal facilities;

Auditing of general waste disposal facilities by provincial departments;

Environmental performance and impact;

Provision of adequate hazardous waste disposal facilities;

Management and control of salvaging at landfill sites.

10.2 Evaluation and Review of IWM Plan

The IWMP is a living document which has to be reviewed on an on-going basis. An IWMP is intrinsically linked to the IDP hence its review cycle should be aligned with that of the IDP process. An IWMP is ideally reviewed every 5 years. An annual update is however encouraged to ensure that the IWMP remains relevant and effective. This will also facilitate the updating of the IWMP in view of the targets set in the plans/strategies/policies as per the Action Plan developed in this IWMP. A longer review period may result in the IWMP being less relevant and hence stakeholders losing faith in it and finally not using it.



84

11 BIBLIOGRAPHY

CoJ, 2003, Waste Management Planning Status Quo Report, City of Joburg, Johannesburg CoJ, 2006, The City of Joburg Growth and Development Strategy, City of Joburg, Johannesburg CoJ, 2008, State of the Environment Report, City of Joburg, City of Joburg, Johannesburg CoJ, 2010, The City of Joburg Integrated Development Plan, City of Joburg, Johannesburg. DEAT, 2009a. Addressing Challenges with Waste Service Provision in South Africa: Inception Report and Consultation Plan. Pretoria: Government Printers. DEAT, 2009b. Municipal Indigent Policy Review Report. Pretoria: Government Printers. DEAT, 2009c. Free Basic Services Policies Review Report. Pretoria: Government Printers. DEAT, 2009d. Waste Sector Challenges and Vision Report. Pretoria: Government Printers. DEAT, 2009e. Domestic Waste Collection Standards: Comparative Assessment Report. Pretoria: Government Printers. DEAT, 2000, Starter Document for Integrated Waste Management Planning in South Africa, Guideline Document, Pretoria: Government Printers. DEAT, 1999, National Waste Management Strategy and Action Plans, Pretoria, Government Printers DEAT, 1999a. The National State of the Environment South Africa. http://www.ngo.grida/no/soesa/nsoer.htm. Accessed 20 April 2004. DEAT, 2004. Waste Management in South Africa. http://www.environment.gov.za/Enviro-Info/env/waste.htm#top. Accessed 23 March 2004. DEAT, 2004a, Working with Waste: Guideline on Recycling of Solid Waste. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria. DEAT, 2004b, Cost Benefit Analysis. Integrated Environmental Management: Information Series 8. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria. 88. DEAT, 2004c, Life Cycle Assessment. Integrated Environmental Management: Information Series 9. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria. DEAT, 1989, Environment Conservation Act 73 of 1989. Juta Statutes, Volume 6.



85

DEAT, 2009, International Best Practice on Domestic Waste Collection, GDACE, 2008, Status Quo Report and Waste Minimisation Options, Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Environment. ISD, 2010a, 2010/11 Business Plan, City of Johannesburg Infrastructure, Services Department, Johannesburg ISD, 2010b, Alternative Waste Treatment Technology Project: Feasibility Report – Volume 1, City of Johannesburg Infrastructure, Services Department, Johannesburg Pikitup, 2007a, Development of Strategic Road Map Phase 2 Volume 1 of 3, Pikitup PTY LTD Johannesburg Pikitup, 2007b, Panorama Compost Plan – Business Plan and Strategy, Pikitup PTY LTD Johannesburg. Pikitup, 2007c, Builders’ Rubble Crushers Plan – Feasibility Report, Pikitup PTY LTD, Johannesburg Pikitup, 2009, Landfill Airspace Estimation, Johannesburg, Pikitup PTY LTD. Pikitup, 2010a, Projects and Programmes, http://www.joburg.org.za/content/view/725/66/1/2/ (accessed, 05/05/2010). Pikitup, 2010b, Separation at Source Project - Way Forward Beyond Watervaal Pilot Project, Pikitup PTY LTD, Johannesburg Pikitup, 2010c, Infrastructural and Strategic Asset Management Plan, Pikitup PTY LTD, Johannesburg Pikitup, 2010d, Pikitup business Plan 2010/11, Pikitup PTY LTD, Johannesburg Polokwane Declaration. 2001, Polokwane, Northern Province, South Africa http://www.environment.gov.za/ProjProg/WasteMgmt/Polokwane_declare.htm. Accessed 4 April 2010. Rogers, D.E.C; Banoo, I. 2004. National Cleaner Production Strategy Draft for Comment. Compiled by the CSIR for Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism. RSA, 1996 The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act No. 108 of 1996). Cape Town. Government Printers. RSA. 1998, Government Gazette No 19519 Volume 401, National Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of 1998). 27 November 1998 No 1540.



86

RSA. 1998, Government Gazette No 19614 Volume 402, Local Government: Municipal Structures Act (Act 117 of 1998). 18 December 1998 No 1650. RSA, 2000, Local Government: Municipal Systems Act (Act No. 32 of 2000). Cape Town. Government Printers. RSA. 2000, Government Gazette No 20978, Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism: White Paper on Integrated Pollution and Waste Management for South Africa. 17 March 2000, No 227. RSA. 2000, Government Gazette No 20813 Volume 415, Local Government: Municipal Structures Amendment Act (Act 58 of 1999). 14 January 2000. RSA. 2000, Government Gazette No 21776, Local Government: Municipal Systems Act (Act 32 of 2000). 20 November 2000. RSA. 2002, Government Gazette No 24252; Volume 451, Disaster Management Act (Act 57 of 2002). 15 January 2003; Number 98. RSA. 2003, Government Gazette No 26019. Local Government: Municipal Finance Management Act (Act 56 of 2003). 13 February 2004. RSA. 2003, Government Gazette No 24251 Volume 451, National Environmental Management Amendment Act (Act 56 of 2002). 15 January 2003, No 97. RSA, 2003, The Division of Revenue Act: Cape Town. Government Printers. RSA, 2003, Municipal Finance Management act (Act No. 56 of 2003). Cape Town. Government Printers. RSA. 2004, Government Gazette No 26570 Volume 469, National Environmental Management Amendment Act (Act 8 of 2004). 14 July 2004, No 842. RSA. 2004, Government Gazette No 26595 Volume 469, National Health Act (Act 61 of 2003). 23 July 2004 No 869. RSA. 2004, Government Gazette No 25960, Local Government: Municipal Systems Amendment Act (Act 44 of 2003). 30 January 2004. RSA. 2005, Government Gazette No 27318 Volume 476, National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (Act 39 of 2004). 24 January 2005; Number 163. RSA. 2006, Government Notice 28753, Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism: Regulations in terms of Chapter 5 of the National Environmental Management Act, 1998. R385; R386 & R387. 21 April 2006.



87

RSA. 2007, General Notice 1832, Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism: Publication of National Environmental Management: Waste Management Bill for General Comment. 12 January 2007. 90. RSA, 2008, National Environmental Management Act: Waste Act (Act No. 59 of 2008). Cape Town. Government Printers. Stats SA, 2001, Census data, Statistics South Africa, http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01. Accessed on the 03, 12 and 26 May 2010 Stats SA, 2007, Community Survey, Statistics South Africa. Stats SA, 2009, Mid-year Population Estimates, Statistics South Africa. Sustainability Institute, 2007, Integrated Analysis Solid waste Baseline Report. Stellenbosch, South Africa. Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg accessed on the 26/05/2010

88

ANNEXURE 1

COMMENTS AND ISSUES

89

CoJ IWM Policy and Plan Review Project Steering Committee Meeting

10 May 2010 Meeting Details: Next Meeting: Date: 10 May 2010 Date: (date not confirmed yet)Time: 10:00 – 15:15

Chairperson: Khosi Baker (KB) Title: CoJ IWM Plan and Policy

Attendance: Attendance register Apologies: Absent: No. Objective

(if not achieved, reasons why not and actions taken) Achieved (Y/N)

1.0 Presentation on the Status Quo Report Y Minutes:

Item

Issue ResponsiblePerson & Target Date

1 Welcome and introduction 2 Background

� CoJ currently reviewing their IWMP, policy and by-laws � First stakeholder workshop was held on the 29 April 2010 � Only a representative from the legal section of Pikitup – would

have liked to see more representatives � Objective of today’s meeting – review the Status Quo Report

prepared by the CSIR – this will inform what will go into the IWMP and policy

3 Presentation on draft Status Quo Report (CSIR: Mamosa Afrika) � Presentation on the Status Quo Report (submitted to CoJ on the

7 May 2010) was made � Confirmed by Khosi Baker that that Council does only perform

regulatory, planning and strategic functions, while Pikitup performs all operational waste issues.

� (Note: provide reference for Table 1: Economic Instruments to the research undertaken by Anton Nahman, since these are waste specific)

� Slide on Waste disposal – rather note as “airspace (with intervention)”

� Currently only list Pikitup projects, but CoJ ISD (infrastructure services) also have waste projects – requested that this info be sent through

� KB to provide structure of Pikitup-Council interaction (Pg 2 of SQ Report)

4 Discussion and input session � Pikitup service points need updating (ISD) � Illegal dumping spots (ISD) � List of waste projects (ISD)� The observation of population increase, but waste to landfill

decreasing – can’t make conclusive statement of increased recovery and recycling, or reduction in waste generation

� Cecile (ISD) to

provide this information

90

o Issues like accuracy of data collection, management of weighbridges at landfills

o Historical data may be estimates, whereas recent figures more accurate

o Sense that CoJ is not currently recovering more waste or generating waste

o Don’t have current measuring devices for accurately determining how much waste is being recovered and recycled – especially where it is recovered by the private sector

o Can we get information from the private sector on how much waste is being recovered and recycled to see if this is the cause for the decline in waste to landfill

� Revised waste targets -o Make sure that targets are translated through to CoJ

MOEs (municipal owned entities) to make sure that they are part of process of achieving targets. Perhaps bind MOEs through service level agreements or through their business plans – tie them into the targets for waste reduction and recycling (e.g. City Parks, Pikitup, and The Trading Company).

o Also private companies, industry involved in waste reduction, recycling and disposal

o Mechanisms for CoJ to measure progress towards achieving targets

� Can the waste recycling projects of the regions (e.g. Region E bin bank project could not go ahead due to financial constraints) be incorporated into the CoJ plans, so that projects can still be implemented

o 7 regions in CoJ. These regions often come up with their own projects, independent of Pikitup or CoJ involvement and coordination

o Pikitup confirmed that if waste minimisation related, they can assist

� Status Quo Report should include something on institutional arrangements

o Plan must address interaction between CoJ institutions, alignment of processes, to ensure that projects or initiatives don’t go ahead without CoJ awareness

o Understanding of institutional arrangements are important for implementation of the Plan and Policy

o Biggest current issue to the plan not being implemented is institutional arrangements

� Economic Development Department has undertaken a study on economic regulatory environment (policies, by-laws) which have the potential to impact upon the regulatory environment of the City.

o Waste management by-laws was one of the bylaws they reviewed

o SMME Directorate – provide input on the plan which was undertaken by Lebo Molefe’s group.

� Comments from the ED

� All waste streams should be looked into. � Current infrastructure (building rubble, HCRW) � Mechanisms to deal with each waste stream to be

� CSIR to include in Status Quo report

� Request to receive a copy of this report from Manthateng or Lebo

91

investigated. � Alignment with the Polokwane Targets. � Trans-boundary waste movement.

� Compliance and enforcement should also be included. � List of all current and envisaged projects and programmes

relating to waste management has to be made available.

� Outstanding information � Roles and responsibilities – The policy to emphasise the

role of the department as a leader in environmental matters. The IDP will detail the roles and responsibilities of the different sections and departments (mandates and functions)

� Free Basic Waster Service

� The target for the CoJ was to submit the documents for Council approval in June. This Mayoral meeting has however been postponed to July. This could be an advantage to allow the CSIR to finalise the documents by end of June. Should Council approval be required before public consultation then the process could be prolonged even further. Clarity is required in order to realign the project schedule accordingly.

An e-mail should be send requesting all EDs to give a list of their current and planned projects and programmes. KB to forward the IDP with the roles and responsibilities to the CSIR team. KB to confirm the process to be followed i.e. whether there has to be Council approval before going for public comment or not.

5 Way forward and closure The next meeting will be when the draft Policy and Plan have been finalised. This may be delayed due to the delays relating to data collection. Some information relating to the Status Quo Report is still outstanding. Everyone still urged to fill in the spread sheet and the CSIR team will organise through the SDI to visit the Pikitup offices to gather the outstanding information.

The next meeting will be called toward the end of May beginning of June when the draft documents have been finalised. All to submit data as per the spread sheet by Friday (14/05/2010)

92

INTE

RN

AL

STA

KE

HO

LDE

R W

OR

KS

HO

PS

– 3

0/06

/201

0 A

ND

TH

E 0

5/07

/201

0

JOH

AN

NE

SB

UR

G

ISS

UE

CO

MM

EN

T R

AIS

ED

BY

R

ES

PO

NS

E

GE

NE

RA

L C

OM

ME

NTS

P

rior

ities

and

ob

ject

ives

To

incl

ude

the

follo

win

g as

prio

ritie

s:

- Fl

eet a

nd in

frast

ruct

ure

- C

orpo

rate

gov

erna

nce

- P

ollu

tion

cont

rol a

nd m

anag

emen

t (Ill

egal

du

mpi

ng)

- C

lean

city

Nev

ille, P

ales

a, K

hosi

Fl

eet a

nd in

frast

ruct

ure

to b

e in

clud

ed u

nder

the

spec

ific

prio

ritie

s e.

g. w

aste

dis

posa

l and

trea

tmen

t, w

aste

m

inim

isat

ion

etc.

dep

endi

ng o

n th

e id

entif

ied

need

. C

lean

City

to b

e in

clud

ed a

s a

broa

d ob

ject

ive

sinc

e al

l ac

tions

with

in th

e P

lan

cont

ribut

e to

war

ds a

chie

ving

a

clea

n ci

ty. T

his

has

also

furth

er b

een

incl

uded

in th

e P

ollu

tion

cont

rol s

ectio

n.

Cor

pora

te g

over

nanc

e an

d P

ollu

tion

cont

rol h

ave

been

in

clud

ed in

the

Pla

n as

prio

ritie

s.

P

OLI

CY

G

ener

al C

omm

ents

U

sage

of w

ords

�

Doe

s th

e po

licy

addr

ess

solid

was

te/

Mun

icip

al w

aste

or g

ener

al w

aste

? Th

e P

olic

y us

es th

ese

inte

rcha

ngea

bly.

It s

houl

d co

ver t

he b

road

was

te s

pect

rum

with

in th

e C

oJ.

� U

sage

of t

he w

ord

Cou

ncil

and

CoJ

. C

onsi

sten

cy a

nd c

orre

ct u

sage

of t

hese

is

requ

ired.

Cou

ncil

is th

e C

oJ.

Pal

esa

Pal

esa

� A

ddre

ssed

: rev

ised

as

Gen

eral

was

te w

here

ap

plic

able

thro

ugh-

out t

he d

ocum

ent (

see

part

7).

This

is a

lso

in a

lignm

ent w

ith th

e W

aste

Act

. �

Rev

ised

as

CoJ

in th

e do

cum

ent

E

xclu

sion

of o

ther

sta

keho

lder

s in

the

role

s an

d re

spon

sibi

litie

s.

Intro

duct

ion

Incl

usio

n of

priv

ate

and

Com

mer

cial

Sec

tors

in

intro

duct

ion

Pale

sa

Don

e, s

ee p

art 2

Pol

icy

Sta

tem

ent

Incl

usio

n of

Com

mer

cial

Sec

tor a

nd M

onito

ring

and

com

plia

nce

Pal

esa

Don

e. S

ee p

art 3

Cra

dle

to

Are

we

still

focu

sing

on

crad

le to

gra

ve o

r P

ales

a/N

eigh

bour

R

evis

ed a

s C

radl

e to

cra

dle

(see

def

initi

ons

)

93

ISS

UE

CO

MM

EN

T R

AIS

ED

BY

R

ES

PO

NS

E

grav

e/C

radl

e C

radl

e to

Cra

dle?

W

aste

trea

tmen

t an

d sa

fe d

ispo

sal

Incl

usio

n of

reco

verin

g re

cycl

able

s be

fore

was

te

to e

nerg

y pr

oces

s is

don

e P

ales

a R

evis

ed a

nd in

clud

ed in

sec

tion

8.4

Sep

arat

ion

at s

ourc

e In

frast

ruct

ure

rela

ting

to s

epar

atio

n at

sou

rce

shou

ld b

e in

pla

ce.

Pal

esa

Incl

uded

und

er s

ectio

n 8.

6

PO

LIC

Y

R

oles

and

R

espo

nsib

ilitie

s

Doc

umen

t to

clea

rly e

labo

rate

resp

onsi

bilit

ies

of:

• In

terg

over

nmen

tal,

• S

take

hold

ers,

•

Gov

erna

nce

stru

ctur

e an

d th

e co

unci

l st

ruct

ures

, and

•

Cou

ncil

resp

onsi

bilit

ies

Pal

esa,

Mak

oma,

Kek

ana

and

Nei

ghbo

ur, M

atsh

epo

Kek

ana

Rev

ised

and

incl

uded

in s

ectio

n 13

– In

terg

over

nmen

tal

role

s an

d re

spon

sibi

litie

s

Res

ourc

e pr

ovis

ion

mon

itorin

g an

d bu

dget

ary

impl

icat

ions

Doc

umen

t el

abor

ate

on :

• th

e re

sour

ce p

rovi

sion

, •

perfo

rman

ce m

anag

emen

t and

mon

itorin

g st

anda

rds

and

•

fund

ing

sour

ces

and

fram

ewor

k •

Als

o th

e im

plic

atio

ns b

udge

tary

ch

alle

nges

/con

stra

ins

Mat

shep

o K

ekan

a

0822

1845

52

Incl

uded

und

er re

leva

nt s

ectio

ns

Gov

erna

nce

stru

ctur

es ,

was

te

cate

gorie

s an

d se

rvic

e le

vel

agre

emen

ts

The

draf

t to

clas

sify

: •

Gov

erna

nce

stru

ctur

es

• D

iffer

ent w

aste

ser

vice

s m

echa

nism

s,

• W

aste

ser

vice

Cat

egor

ies

•

Def

initi

on o

f ser

vice

leve

ls

Mat

shep

o K

ekan

a

0822

1845

52

Rev

ised

and

incl

uded

in s

ectio

ns 1

3.3,

13.

4, a

nd 1

3.5

Edu

catio

n an

d

The

draf

t to

elab

orat

e on

•

was

te in

form

atio

n,

• co

mm

unic

atio

n an

d da

ta g

athe

ring,

Mat

shep

o K

ekan

a

Incl

uded

und

er P

riorit

y A

reas

– P

art 8

94

ISS

UE

CO

MM

EN

T R

AIS

ED

BY

R

ES

PO

NS

E

Aw

aren

ess

issu

es

• e

duca

tion

and

awar

enes

s

C

orpo

rate

re

spon

sibi

litie

s P

olic

y to

incl

ude:

•

Cor

pora

tive

Gov

erna

nce

Kho

si B

aker

In

clud

ed u

nder

Prio

rity

Are

as P

art 8

and

CoJ

Rol

es a

nd

resp

onsi

bilit

ies

Par

t 13

PLA

N

Bas

ic fo

rmat

of t

he

Pla

nTh

e P

lan

Targ

ets

shou

ld b

e al

igne

d w

ith th

e id

entif

ied

gaps

and

prio

ritie

s.

Pal

esa

The

gaps

iden

tifie

d ar

e ad

dres

sed

thro

ugh

the

targ

ets

set

and

the

atte

ndan

t Act

ion

Plan

. The

se a

re g

roup

ed in

te

rms

on th

e pr

iorit

y ar

eas

iden

tifie

d in

the

IWM

Pol

icy.

W

aste

C

hara

cter

isat

ion

Are

we

doin

g th

is to

com

ply

or a

re w

e do

ing

som

ethi

ng th

at w

ill be

use

ful t

o th

e C

oJ?

Was

te c

hara

cter

isat

ion

is im

porta

nt a

nd s

houl

d be

don

e; o

ther

wis

e th

is p

lan

will

not s

erve

its

purp

ose.

R

esea

rch

is n

eede

d to

est

ablis

h w

hat i

s ha

ppen

ing

to s

uppo

rt w

hat i

s pr

opos

ed. F

or th

e sh

ort t

erm

this

pla

n is

fine

, but

ther

e is

a n

eed

to

do m

ore

deta

iled

rese

arch

. W

e ne

ed to

do

an a

udit

of th

e st

udie

s un

derta

ken

and

dete

rmin

e w

hat s

till n

eeds

to b

e do

ne.

Nev

ille S

mith

N

eigh

bour

K

hosi

This

is o

utsi

de th

e sc

ope

of th

is s

tudy

. Th

e C

oJ w

ill h

ave

to c

omm

issi

on a

noth

er s

tudy

to

unde

rtake

the

was

te c

hara

cter

isat

ion.

Thi

s ha

s be

en

incl

uded

in th

e IW

M P

lan

as o

ne o

f the

targ

ets

for t

he C

oJ

to a

chie

ve.

Gap

s an

d ne

eds

Str

uctu

re:

Gap

s an

d ne

eds

shou

ld n

ot b

e ba

sed

on a

reas

of

con

cern

but

rath

er o

n dr

iver

s of

the

Pla

n.

Mor

e an

alys

is is

requ

ired

in th

is s

ectio

n to

in

clud

e th

e in

terv

entio

ns p

ropo

sed.

Nei

ghbo

ur

The

gaps

and

nee

ds h

ave

been

revi

sed

and

grou

ped

in

term

s of

the

key

prio

rity

area

s as

iden

tifie

d in

the

polic

y.

Mor

e de

tail

has

been

incl

uded

in th

is s

ectio

n de

tailin

g th

e im

pact

s of

the

iden

tifie

d ga

ps a

s w

ell a

s th

e po

ssib

le

95

ISS

UE

CO

MM

EN

T R

AIS

ED

BY

R

ES

PO

NS

E

Add

ition

al g

aps

iden

tifie

d:

� La

ck o

f pol

icie

s, s

trate

gies

suc

h as

Was

te

min

imis

atio

n st

rate

gies

, Per

mitt

ing

etc.

�

Rol

es a

nd re

spon

sibi

litie

s re

latin

g to

co

mpl

ianc

e an

d en

forc

emen

t not

ver

y w

ell

unde

rsto

od a

nd c

oord

inat

ed.

Kho

si

inte

rven

tions

requ

ired.

A

dded

in th

e P

lan

Bas

ic s

ervi

ces

All

area

s w

ithin

the

CoJ

hav

e a

basi

c le

vel o

f se

rvic

es

Nei

ghbo

ur

This

has

bee

n co

rrec

ted

to re

flect

that

all

area

s ha

ve a

ba

sic

leve

l of s

ervi

ce b

ut n

ot a

ll in

form

al a

reas

are

giv

en a

da

ily c

lean

ing

serv

ice.

Onl

y 11

9 ou

t of 1

82 a

re g

iven

this

se

rvic

e.

Targ

et s

ettin

g �

Targ

et s

ettin

g sh

ould

be

coup

led

with

be

nchm

arki

ng i.

e. w

hat i

s ha

ppen

ing

else

whe

re.

� Ta

rget

s ar

e m

ostly

sho

rt te

rm. T

hese

sho

uld

be e

xten

ded

to c

over

med

ium

to lo

ng te

rms.

�

The

targ

ets

in th

e ID

P s

houl

d be

use

d as

be

nchm

arks

in ta

rget

set

ting.

Nei

ghbo

ur

� Th

is is

out

of t

he s

cope

of t

his

proj

ect.

How

ever

A

nnex

ure

2 of

the

Pla

n do

es g

ive

a su

mm

ary

of

som

e of

the

inte

rnat

iona

l cas

e st

udie

s. A

mor

e de

taile

d an

alys

is o

f the

se w

ould

requ

ire m

ore

time

and

fund

s.

� Ta

rget

s ex

tend

ed o

ver t

he m

ediu

m a

nd s

hort

term

. It

is a

lso

impo

rtant

to n

ote

that

mos

t tar

gets

refe

r to

the

deve

lopm

ent a

nd/o

r im

plem

enta

tion

of

stra

tegi

es/p

lans

/pro

gram

mes

etc

. The

impl

icat

ion

is

that

the

set t

arge

t dat

e is

the

com

men

cem

ent o

f the

im

plem

enta

tion

only

. The

sub

sequ

ent y

ears

will

incl

ude

the

cont

inue

d im

plem

enta

tion

of s

uch

initi

ativ

es.

� Th

e Ta

rget

s in

the

IDP

hav

e be

en in

corp

orat

ed in

th

e Ta

rget

set

ting

as b

ench

mar

ks w

here

suc

h in

form

atio

n w

as a

vaila

ble.

W

aste

Min

imis

atio

n:

96

ISS

UE

CO

MM

EN

T R

AIS

ED

BY

R

ES

PO

NS

E

� Fo

rmat

ion

of p

artn

ersh

ips

shou

ld b

e in

clud

ed.

� R

ewor

d th

e fo

llow

ing

to m

ove

away

from

the

use

of th

e w

ord

prom

ote:

�

Pro

mot

e cl

eane

r pro

duct

ion.

�

Pro

mot

e se

para

tion

at s

ourc

e.

� Th

e fo

llow

ing

grou

ps w

ere

reco

mm

ende

d as

re

spon

sibl

e fo

r the

follo

win

g ac

tiviti

es

� W

MD

, IS

D, P

ikitu

p an

d P

rivat

e se

ctor

to

esta

blis

h/Id

entif

y 3

addi

tiona

l com

post

ing

faci

litie

s by

201

5.

� A

ll M

OE

s, d

epar

tmen

ts a

nd th

e pr

ivat

e se

ctor

to id

entif

y an

d es

tabl

ish

alte

rnat

ive

dive

rsio

n m

echa

nism

s fo

r gre

en w

aste

. �

All

MO

Es

and

depa

rtmen

ts to

initi

ate

com

mun

ity b

ased

pro

gram

mes

that

will

prov

ide

at le

ast 0

.1%

of t

he p

opul

atio

n of

th

e C

oJ (A

bout

400

0 pe

ople

) with

jobs

an

d/or

opp

ortu

nitie

s fo

r SM

ME

s by

201

5

� G

reen

pro

cure

men

t to

be a

dded

in th

e ac

tion

Pla

n.

� La

ndfil

l Pic

kers

Man

agem

ent S

yste

m to

be

mad

e br

oade

r to

incl

ude

all o

ther

pic

kers

in

clud

ing

trolle

y pu

sher

s.

Kho

si

Nev

ille

Cec

il, K

hosi

, Mak

oma

Pal

esa

Mak

oma

� It

is in

clud

ed.

� Th

e se

nten

ces

reph

rase

d as

follo

ws:

�

D

evel

op p

rogr

amm

es to

enc

oura

ge c

lean

er

prod

uctio

n.

�

Dev

elop

pro

gram

mes

to e

ncou

rage

sep

arat

ion

at

sour

ce

Add

ed a

s fo

llow

s:

“Dev

elop

and

impl

emen

t an

inte

rnal

CoJ

was

te

min

imis

atio

n an

d re

cycl

ing

prog

ram

incl

udin

g a

gree

n pr

ocur

emen

t gui

de to

influ

ence

the

proc

urem

ent p

olic

y by

Ja

nuar

y 20

11.”

This

has

bee

n br

oade

ned

to re

flect

all

info

rmal

was

te

recl

aim

ers

and

ther

efor

e ca

lled

‘ Rec

laim

ers’

Man

agem

ent

Sys

tem

’ Tr

eatm

ent a

nd d

ispo

sal:

Kho

si

This

Tar

get w

as n

ot m

oved

to th

e w

aste

min

imis

atio

n

97

ISS

UE

CO

MM

EN

T R

AIS

ED

BY

R

ES

PO

NS

E

� M

ove

the

follo

win

g ta

rget

and

the

asso

ciat

ed

activ

ities

to W

aste

min

imis

atio

n:

� T

he p

erce

ntag

e in

crea

se in

the

volu

me

of

was

te d

ispo

sed

to la

ndfil

l sho

uld

not

exce

ed it

s pr

opor

tiona

l pop

ulat

ion

incr

ease

.

sect

ion

entir

ely

sinc

e it

is a

targ

et s

et b

y th

e N

WM

S a

nd

ther

e ar

e al

so p

rovi

ncia

l tar

gets

bas

ed o

n th

is. H

owev

er,

activ

ities

rela

ting

to w

aste

min

imis

atio

n ha

ve b

een

rem

oved

and

refe

renc

e is

mad

e to

that

sec

tion.

Inte

grat

ed W

aste

Man

agem

ent P

lann

ing:

�

Incl

ude

the

form

atio

n of

an

exte

rnal

st

akeh

olde

r for

um

Kho

si

Incl

uded

.

Eff

ectiv

e S

ervi

ce D

eliv

ery:

�

Stre

et c

lean

ing

stan

dard

s ha

ve a

lread

y be

en

set b

y P

rovi

nce

henc

e th

ere

is n

o ne

ed to

se

t tho

se a

gain

but

rath

er a

dher

e to

them

. �

The

follo

win

g gr

oups

wer

e re

com

men

ded

as

resp

onsi

ble

for t

he fo

llow

ing

activ

ities

�

A

ll M

OE

s de

partm

ents

and

the

priv

ate

sect

or c

olle

ct a

ccur

ate

data

rega

rdin

g ge

nera

l and

com

mer

cial

was

te

gene

ratio

n an

d co

llect

ion

Janu

ary

2011

. �

W

MD

, IS

D a

nd P

ikitu

p to

adh

ere

to th

e st

anda

rds

for s

treet

cle

anin

g th

e in

ner

city

and

resi

dent

ial a

reas

as

set b

y th

e pr

ovin

cial

gov

ernm

ent b

y Ju

ne 2

011.

�

All

awar

enes

s ra

isin

g as

pect

s sh

ould

be

incl

uded

und

er th

e pr

iorit

y A

war

enes

s R

aisi

ng a

nd c

apac

ity b

uild

ing.

Cec

il C

ecil

Kho

si

Not

ed a

nd e

ffect

ed a

s pr

opos

ed.

Was

te In

form

atio

n S

yste

ms

� R

efer

to w

aste

man

agem

ent a

ctiv

ities

w

ithou

t bei

ng s

peci

fic.

� In

clud

e th

e fo

llow

ing

activ

ity:

Kho

si

Not

ed a

nd e

ffect

ed a

s pr

opos

ed.

98

ISS

UE

CO

MM

EN

T R

AIS

ED

BY

R

ES

PO

NS

E

�

All

was

te m

anag

emen

t act

iviti

es s

houl

d re

gist

er in

term

s of

the

CoJ

was

te

info

rmat

ion

syst

em.

� A

ll M

OE

s, d

epar

tmen

t and

the

priv

ate

sect

or

shou

ld b

e re

spon

sibl

e fo

r the

act

iviti

es fo

r re

gist

ratio

n an

d re

porti

ng o

n th

e ap

prop

riate

w

aste

info

rmat

ion

syst

ems.

Aw

aren

ess

and

capa

city

bui

ldin

g

� D

o no

t be

spec

ific

abou

t pro

gram

me

nam

es

as th

ese

may

cha

nge.

�

All

MO

Es,

dep

artm

ents

and

the

priv

ate

sect

or s

houl

d be

resp

onsi

ble

for D

evel

opin

g ed

ucat

ion

and

awar

enes

s pr

ogra

mm

es,

guid

es a

nd in

form

atio

n pa

cks

by M

arch

20

11.

Kho

si

Kho

si

Bon

tle k

e bo

tho

rem

oved

as

a pr

ogra

mm

e na

me.

Com

plia

nce

and

enfo

rcem

ent

This

act

ivity

was

add

ed: E

stab

lish

a C

ompl

ianc

e an

d en

forc

emen

t sec

tion

with

in th

e E

nviro

nmen

tal m

anag

emen

t dep

artm

ent b

y Ju

ne 2

011.

99

CO

MM

EN

TS O

N T

HE

IWM

PLA

N

EX

TER

NA

L S

TAK

EH

OLD

ER

WO

RK

SH

OP

– J

OH

AN

NE

SB

UR

G

27/0

7/20

10N

B: I

t was

agr

eed

at th

is w

orks

hop

that

sta

keho

lder

s ca

n su

bmit

furth

er c

omm

ents

by

the

06/0

8/20

10 to

MA

frika

@cs

ir.co

.za

SE

CTI

ON

CO

MM

EN

TA

CTI

ON

IWM

PLA

N

A

was

te

char

acte

risat

ion

stud

y is

re

quire

d to

in

form

th

e se

tting

of

w

aste

m

inim

isat

ion

and

recy

clin

g ta

rget

s

Thes

e sh

ould

be

linke

d to

Tar

gets

set

in in

dust

ry w

aste

man

agem

ent

plan

s.

This

sta

tem

ent h

as b

een

adde

d

Ther

e is

lim

ited

invo

lvem

ent o

f the

priv

ate

sect

or

in

was

te

min

imis

atio

n pr

ogra

mm

es

to

ensu

re

max

imum

div

ersi

on o

f w

aste

fro

m l

andf

ill a

nd

crea

te s

usta

inab

le jo

b op

portu

nitie

s.

It is

impo

rtant

to h

ighl

ight

that

her

e w

e ex

clud

e th

ose

alre

ady

with

in th

e w

aste

man

agem

ent

sect

or s

ince

the

y ar

e ac

tive

but

incl

udes

oth

er

com

pani

es w

hich

are

cur

rent

ly n

ot in

volv

ed.

Not

ed a

nd R

ewor

ded.

Ther

e is

a n

eed

to fo

rmal

ise

the

exis

ting

info

rmal

re

cycl

ing

sect

or

and

disc

oura

ge

the

cont

inua

l un

fold

ing

of in

form

al re

cycl

ers

It is

ver

y di

fficu

lt to

for

mal

ise

the

pick

ers.

The

y do

not

sta

y in

for

mal

em

ploy

men

t. R

athe

r en

gage

with

the

m a

nd i

ncor

pora

te t

hem

in

the

sect

or.

They

hav

e a

form

al a

ssoc

iatio

n w

hich

can

be

used

to

enga

ge

them

.

Not

ed a

nd re

wor

ded.

The

CoJ

as

the

auth

ority

sho

uld

take

a le

ad a

nd

oper

ate

in a

man

ner

that

sho

ws

thei

r de

dica

tion

to f

acili

tatin

g w

aste

min

imis

atio

n an

d re

cycl

ing

prin

cipl

es

by

intro

duci

ng

was

te

sepa

ratio

n at

so

urce

in

itiat

ives

in

al

l C

oJ

offic

es

and

oper

atio

nal s

ites.

PAC

SA in

dica

ted

that

the

y w

ould

be

will

ing

to a

ssis

t th

e C

oJ in

doi

ng

this

e.g

. de

term

inin

g w

hich

pro

duct

s ca

n be

man

date

d to

be

proc

ured

th

roug

h gr

een

proc

urem

ent p

rinci

ples

.

The

CoJ

not

ed th

e of

fer a

nd w

ill c

onta

ct

PA

CS

A to

faci

litat

e th

is.

Ther

e is

ne

ed

to

deve

lop

and

impl

emen

t a

cent

ralis

ed w

aste

info

rmat

ion

syst

em fo

r th

e C

oJ

whi

ch w

ill s

tand

ardi

se w

aste

dat

a ca

ptur

e. T

his

will

th

en

impr

ove

the

accu

racy

of

da

ta

and

stan

dard

ise

the

sour

ce o

f da

ta u

sed

in r

epor

ts

and

plan

s.

This

W

aste

In

form

atio

n S

yste

m

shou

ld

be

hous

ed

unde

r th

e W

aste

M

anag

emen

t D

irect

orat

e.

This

sho

uld

be a

dded

: W

eigh

brid

ges

mus

t be

fully

ope

ratio

nal a

nd d

ata

capt

ured

. N

oted

and

add

ed.

100

Edu

catio

n, a

war

enes

s ca

mpa

igns

and

cap

acity

bu

ildin

g pr

ogra

mm

es a

re i

nade

quat

e to

add

ress

th

e cu

rren

t was

te re

late

d ch

alle

nges

in th

e C

oJ.

Get

Dep

t of

edu

catio

n in

volv

ed.

Sch

ools

to

star

t se

para

te w

aste

ge

nera

ted

at s

choo

l. Ap

ply

“sm

okin

g ru

les”

to

recy

clin

g. T

ownh

ouse

co

mpl

exes

, sh

oppi

ng m

alls

and

sch

ools

. D

rop-

offs

at

scho

ols

can

be

prob

lem

atic

.

Not

ed a

nd a

dded

.

Rol

l out

sep

arat

ion

at s

ourc

e to

: 30

% o

f the

hou

seho

lds

by 2

015.

60

% o

f hou

seho

lds

by 2

020.

10

0% o

f hou

seho

lds

by 2

025

100%

of h

ouse

hold

s m

ay n

ot b

e ne

cess

ary

sinc

e se

para

tion

at s

ourc

e m

ay n

ot b

e su

itabl

e an

d be

nefic

ial i

n al

l cas

es.

Not

ed a

nd r

evis

ed t

o re

flect

tha

t th

is

shou

ld b

e 10

0% o

f id

entif

ied

suita

ble

hous

ehol

ds.

Was

te M

inim

isat

ion,

Rec

yclin

g an

d R

e-us

e

Targ

et:

A

20%

re

duct

ion

of

dom

estic

an

d co

mm

erci

al w

aste

stre

ams

disp

osed

to la

ndfil

l by

2015

.

This

Tar

get i

s to

o op

timis

tic a

nd p

roba

bly

unac

hiev

able

. It i

s di

fficu

lt to

be

ach

ieve

d ev

en b

y co

untri

es th

at a

re d

oing

ver

y w

ell i

n th

eir r

ecyc

ling

sect

or.

Nee

d to

be

revi

sed.

Pro

pose

d to

be

revi

sed

as fo

llow

s:

A

10%

re

duct

ion

of

dom

estic

an

d co

mm

erci

al w

aste

stre

ams

disp

osed

to

land

fill b

y 20

15.

Inve

stig

ate

and

impl

emen

t a

t le

ast

one

suita

ble

was

te t

o en

ergy

pro

ject

by

2015

Im

plem

ent

at l

east

one

was

te t

o en

ergy

pro

ject

by

June

20

14.

Nee

d to

revi

ew th

is ti

me

fram

e to

mak

e it

soon

er.

Col

lect

acc

urat

e da

ta r

egar

ding

gen

eral

and

com

mer

cial

w

aste

gen

erat

ion

and

colle

ctio

n Ja

nuar

y 20

11.

This

is to

o so

on. T

he S

AW

IS w

ill n

ot fu

lly o

pera

tiona

l with

in 5

yea

rs.

Rev

ised

to in

dica

te th

at th

is w

ill b

e th

e in

itiat

ion

date

. Pr

ovid

e ap

prop

riate

rec

epta

cles

tha

t pr

omot

e se

para

tion

at

sour

ce to

all

hous

ehol

ds, i

nclu

ding

info

rmal

set

tlem

ents

and

lo

w-in

com

e ne

ighb

ourh

oods

.

Incl

ude

rece

ptac

les

in p

ublic

are

as a

s w

ell.

N

oted

and

incl

uded

.

Put

in p

lace

FB

RR

ser

vice

s ad

min

istra

tive

supp

ort s

truct

ures

en

surin

g ef

fect

ive

and

effic

ient

m

echa

nism

s of

im

plem

enta

tion

No

targ

et d

ate

Pro

pose

d Ju

ne 2

012.

25%

of

scho

ols

with

in t

he C

oJ h

ave

esta

blis

hed

was

te

min

imis

atio

n pr

ogra

mm

es

and/

or

othe

r w

aste

re

late

d pr

ojec

ts b

y Ju

ne 2

012.

Exc

lude

sch

ool c

ompe

titio

ns. T

hey

do n

ot w

ork.

Stu

dent

s on

ly b

ecom

e ex

cite

d at

the

begi

nnin

g bu

t lat

er lo

ose

the

mom

entu

m to

geth

er w

ith th

e le

sson

s.

Not

ed a

nd re

mov

ed.

Inve

stig

ate

esta

blis

hmen

t of

a

"Res

ourc

e Li

brar

y"

by

Dec

embe

r 201

1.

Are

thes

e el

ectro

nic?

Y

es.

The

stat

emen

t w

as

revi

sed

to

indi

cate

this

. Es

tabl

ish

a ho

t lin

e fo

r re

porti

ng n

on-c

ompl

ianc

e by

Jun

e 20

11.

Incl

ude

othe

r rep

ortin

g op

tions

suc

h as

sm

s, e

-mai

l and

inte

rnet

bas

ed.

Not

ed a

nd in

clud

ed.

Indu

stry

is o

verw

helm

ed b

y bu

reau

crac

y. T

oo m

any

licen

ces

cost

a lo

t of m

oney

– d

isco

urag

ing

entre

pren

eurs

to b

ecom

e in

volv

ed.

Tran

spor

ters

ha

ve

to

have

lic

ence

s in

ea

ch

mun

icip

ality

whe

re t

hey

oper

ate,

cos

ting

mon

ey i

n ev

ery

K

hosi

w

ill

take

th

is

issu

e up

w

ith

Pro

vinc

ial.

101

mun

icip

ality

. E

nfor

cem

ent

of c

ompl

ianc

e is

not

tak

ing

plac

e re

sulti

ng in

a lo

t of i

llega

l act

ivity

. P

rovi

ncia

l con

trol m

ay b

e a

solu

tion

as o

ppos

ed to

mun

icip

al c

ontro

l of g

ener

al w

aste

tra

nspo

rters

. Tro

lley

brig

ade

is a

lso

trans

porte

rs a

nd re

quire

lic

ence

s.

102

Wri

tten

com

men

ts r

ecei

ved

from

sta

keho

lder

s by

the

06/0

8/20

10

SE

CTI

ON

CO

MM

EN

T R

ES

PO

NS

E

A

s an

ove

rall

com

men

t th

e do

cum

ent

is e

xten

sive

an

d de

taile

d. T

here

are

som

e 11

4 ta

rget

s se

t in

the

docu

men

t an

d m

any

have

ve

ry

tight

de

adlin

es.

Whi

lst

we

wel

com

e th

e se

tting

of

stre

tch

targ

ets

we

belie

ve th

at th

ey n

eed

to b

e re

alis

tic a

nd a

chie

vabl

e or

the

Pla

n co

uld

lose

cre

dibi

lity.

It is

rec

omm

ende

d a

revi

ew o

f the

targ

ets

and

dead

lines

is u

nder

take

n.

Hav

ing

said

tha

t, w

e th

ink

the

targ

et o

f a

suita

ble

was

te t

o en

ergy

pro

ject

by

2015

(p6

3) s

houl

d be

br

ough

t for

war

d as

this

is a

cle

ar p

riorit

y.

A to

tal o

f 34

targ

ets

have

bee

n se

t as

follo

ws:

5

– W

aste

min

imis

atio

n, re

cycl

ing

and

re-u

se

4 –

Was

te T

reat

men

t and

Dis

posa

l 3

– In

tegr

ated

pla

nnin

g 3

– E

ffect

ive

Ser

vice

Del

iver

y 1

– W

aste

Info

rmat

ion

Sys

tem

s 3

– C

apac

ity B

uild

ing

and

Aw

aren

ess

Rai

sing

2

– C

ompl

ianc

e an

d E

nfor

cem

ent

2 –

Pol

lutio

n C

ontro

l 3

- Bud

get a

nd F

inan

cial

Man

agem

ent

3 –

Cap

acity

and

Hum

an R

esou

rces

3

– P

erfo

rman

ce M

anag

emen

t 2

– C

oope

rativ

e go

vern

ance

The

actio

n pl

an

targ

ets

seem

to

be

to

o tig

ht,

how

ever

it

shou

ld b

e no

ted

that

mos

t of

the

se a

re

prog

ram

mes

that

the

CoJ

has

alre

ady

initi

ated

or a

re

in t

he p

roce

ss o

f in

itiat

ing.

Tho

se t

hat

are

new

and

re

quire

hug

e fin

anci

al in

ject

ions

hav

e be

en s

et w

ith a

la

ter

targ

et, w

hich

the

resp

onsi

ble

auth

ority

, fel

t was

re

ason

able

. E.g

. Was

te to

Ene

rgy

proj

ect.

3.4.

1 G

aute

ng

Pro

vinc

ial

Inte

grat

ed

Was

te

Man

agem

ent P

olic

y—w

aste

reco

very

and

recy

clin

g.

We

appr

ecia

te th

is re

fers

to th

e P

rovi

ncia

l IW

MP

but

ne

ed

to

com

men

t on

th

e st

atem

ent

‘GP

G

is

supp

ortiv

e of

exi

stin

g an

d ne

w l

aws

desi

gned

to

enco

urag

e th

e m

anuf

actu

re

and

purc

hase

of

pr

oduc

ts

mad

e fro

m

reco

vere

d an

d re

cycl

ed

mat

eria

ls’.

We

requ

est t

he C

ity o

f Joh

anne

sbur

g us

e th

eir

influ

ence

to

en

sure

ad

equa

te

and

prio

r co

nsul

tatio

n w

ith I

ndus

try b

efor

e an

y su

ch la

ws

are

intro

duce

d as

the

uni

nten

ded

cons

eque

nces

cou

ld

be n

egat

ive

and

prof

ound

.

The

CoJ

to n

ote

this

requ

est.

103

SE

CTI

ON

CO

MM

EN

T R

ES

PO

NS

E

W

e ar

e no

t sur

e of

the

plac

e w

here

ref

eren

ce to

the

prop

osed

Rec

yclin

g In

dust

ry B

ody,

bei

ng f

orm

ed b

y th

e D

epar

tmen

t of

Tra

de a

nd I

ndus

try b

ut b

elie

ve it

sh

ould

be

men

tione

d in

the

Pla

n as

a re

fere

nce

poin

t fo

r man

y in

itiat

ives

.

The

CoJ

has

not

ed t

his

initi

ativ

e an

d w

ill m

ake

the

nece

ssar

y fo

llow

ups

to e

nsur

e th

at th

ey a

re a

ligne

d an

d in

volv

ed a

s th

ey m

ay s

ee a

ppro

pria

te.

P

age

32 s

lide

on i

ncom

e le

vels

–th

is r

efle

cts

very

po

orly

on

the

City

and

the

writ

er s

ugge

sts

that

as

it ca

nnot

pos

sibl

y be

acc

urat

e , i

t is

eith

er c

orre

cted

or

excl

uded

The

stat

istic

s ha

ve b

een

conf

irmed

and

are

a t

rue

refle

ctio

n of

wha

t w

as r

epor

ted

in t

erm

s of

bot

h C

ensu

s 20

01 a

nd C

omm

unity

Sur

vey

2007

.

W

aste

ge

nera

ted.

Ac

cord

ing

to

an

exte

rnal

or

gani

zatio

n,

BM

I R

esea

rch,

w

ho

have

be

en

mon

itorin

g an

d es

timat

ing

the

size

of

the

pack

agin

g In

dust

ry in

SA

for

the

past

thirt

y ye

ars

, the

am

ount

of

pac

kagi

ng c

onsu

med

in th

e C

ity in

200

8 w

as 4

40

500

tons

. In

the

sam

e ye

ar th

e na

tiona

l rec

yclin

g ra

te

was

43,

9 %

so

assu

min

g th

e C

ity a

chie

ved

the

Nat

iona

l av

erag

e re

cycl

ing

, th

e ne

t a

mou

nt o

f pa

ckag

ing

goin

g to

lan

dfill

in 2

008

was

som

e 25

0 00

0 to

ns. T

he c

alcu

latio

n of

Nat

iona

l con

sum

ptio

n of

pa

ckag

ing

is b

ased

on

loca

l pro

duct

ion

less

exp

orts

pl

us i

mpo

rts.

BM

I us

e a

com

bina

tion

of p

opul

atio

n an

d in

com

e pe

r ar

ea

to

estim

ate

Reg

iona

l or

m

unic

ipal

con

sum

ptio

n. W

e be

lieve

thi

s is

the

mos

t ac

cura

te

estim

ate

avai

labl

e fo

r th

e C

ity.

This

in

form

atio

n ha

s pr

evio

usly

bee

n sh

ared

with

City

of

ficia

ls.

Not

ed.

W

e ur

ge t

he C

ity t

o en

sure

tha

t th

e pr

oble

m o

f pr

oper

ly o

pera

ted

wei

ghbr

idge

s is

add

ress

ed a

s a

mat

ter

of u

rgen

cy.

Furth

erm

ore

the

calc

ulat

ion

of

was

te in

Mun

icip

aliti

es w

ithin

Gau

teng

is v

ery

diffi

cult

if no

t im

poss

ible

on

acco

unt

of t

he e

xten

sive

cro

ss

bord

er m

ovem

ent o

f was

te w

ithin

the

prov

ince

.

Not

ed a

nd a

ddre

ssed

in th

e do

cum

ent.

104

SE

CTI

ON

CO

MM

EN

T R

ES

PO

NS

E

Ta

ble

8 pr

ojec

tions

for

was

te g

ener

ated

. We

belie

ve

in th

e cu

rren

t eco

nom

y a

grow

th r

ate

of 4

, 1%

goi

ng

forw

ard

as a

n av

erag

e fo

r th

e ne

xt 1

3 ye

ars

is

extre

mel

y op

timis

tic

and

thus

cr

eate

s an

ov

erly

pe

ssim

istic

vie

w o

f the

pro

blem

goi

ng fo

rwar

d. A

s an

ex

ampl

e th

e gr

owth

rat

e fo

r th

e pa

st d

ecad

e in

the

pa

ckag

ing

indu

stry

ave

rage

d le

ss th

an 2

, 5%

.

Not

ed.

Fi

gure

7 p

age

36 –

it se

ems

that

bui

lder

’s r

ubbl

e is

ex

tens

ivel

y un

ders

tate

d an

d w

e su

gges

t th

at t

he

othe

r m

ajor

ci

ties

in

SA

co

uld

be

used

as

co

mpa

rison

s.

The

draf

t N

atio

nal

Was

te

Stra

tegy

co

uld

also

be

refe

rred

for v

olum

es fr

om th

is s

ourc

e.

Not

ed.

W

e st

rong

ly u

rge

that

ref

eren

ce t

o th

e P

olok

wan

e de

clar

atio

n be

re

mov

ed

unle

ss

ther

e is

an

ex

plan

atio

n of

wha

t th

e D

ecla

ratio

n m

eans

bot

h in

te

rms

of t

he d

efin

ition

of

zero

was

te a

nd t

he b

ase

from

whi

ch th

e re

duct

ions

are

requ

ired.

The

Pol

okw

ane

Dec

lara

tion

has

been

use

d as

a

stan

dard

an

d is

re

flect

ed

in

man

y of

th

e C

oJ

plan

ning

do

cum

ents

. It

is

ther

efor

e im

porta

nt

to

men

tion

it w

hile

we

also

hig

hlig

ht it

s sh

ortc

omin

g to

en

sure

that

all

key

peop

le in

clud

ing

Cou

ncillo

rs w

ho

may

not

be

in th

e w

aste

fiel

d to

und

erst

and

the

shift

fro

m th

is d

ecla

ratio

n.

T

able

13

Gap

Ana

lysi

s –

sepa

ratio

n at

sou

rce.

We

sugg

est

the

roll

out

of

sepa

ratio

n at

so

urce

be

m

anda

ted

by r

egul

atio

ns a

nd t

he p

hasi

ng s

houl

d co

mm

ence

with

the

wea

lthie

r ar

eas

as th

is is

whe

re

mor

e w

aste

is

ge

nera

ted.

W

e re

com

men

d re

gula

tions

as

th

e be

st

way

to

‘e

ncou

rage

’ se

para

tion

at s

ourc

e.

Not

ed.

Ta

ble

13 G

ap a

naly

sis

–we

do n

ot a

gree

tha

t P

51

‘The

re is

lim

ited

invo

lvem

ent o

f the

Priv

ate

sect

or in

w

aste

min

imiz

atio

n an

d re

cycl

ing

prog

ram

mes

‘ an

d re

ques

t tha

t thi

s be

rew

orde

d to

say

that

‘ T

here

is

an o

ppor

tuni

ty t

o im

prov

e re

cycl

ing

rate

s by

mor

e pr

ivat

e/pu

blic

pa

rtner

ship

s

build

ing

on

exis

ting

colle

ctio

n an

d re

cycl

ing

initi

ativ

es”

Not

ed.

105

SE

CTI

ON

CO

MM

EN

T R

ES

PO

NS

E

W

e re

ques

t th

e ta

rget

s be

alig

ned

with

the

Nat

iona

l W

aste

Man

agem

ent

Stra

tegy

whe

n it

is f

inal

ized

as

som

e of

the

targ

ets

may

be

amen

ded.

Not

ed.

Ta

rget

s p

58 –

400

0 jo

b op

portu

nitie

s.

The

wor

ding

is

inc

orre

ct i

n te

rms

of t

he W

aste

Act

–to

cre

ate

anot

her

prod

uct f

rom

rec

ycla

bles

is r

ecyc

ling

not r

e-us

e. R

e-us

e re

fers

to

usin

g a

prod

uct

agai

n w

ithou

t ch

angi

ng i

t at

all.

Mor

e im

porta

ntly

we

belie

ve t

hat

the

City

nee

ds to

be

clea

r on

the

targ

et jo

bs c

reat

ed

– w

e as

sum

e th

at t

he 4

000

refe

rred

to

is n

ot a

net

in

crea

se b

ut f

or e

xam

ple

wou

ld i

nclu

de t

he w

aste

pi

cker

s w

hose

job

s on

the

lan

dfill

site

s w

ould

be

repl

aced

as

colle

ctor

s or

sep

arat

ors

in o

ther

are

as.

Not

cle

ar w

hat t

he c

omm

ent i

s he

re. T

he

targ

et re

ads

as fo

llow

s:

• In

itiat

e co

mm

unity

bas

ed p

rogr

amm

es th

at w

ill pr

ovid

e at

leas

t 0.1

% o

f the

pop

ulat

ion

of th

e C

oJ

(Abo

ut 4

000

peop

le) w

ith jo

bs a

nd/o

r op

portu

nitie

s fo

r SM

ME

s by

201

5.

Y

es th

e 40

00 w

ould

incl

ude

the

was

te p

icke

rs.

P

age

68 t

arge

ts –

may

be w

e m

isse

d it,

but

the

City

ne

eds

to p

rovi

de w

aste

rece

ptac

les

that

are

regu

larly

cl

eane

d, in

all

publ

ic a

reas

suc

h as

taxi

rank

s et

c.

Not

ed.

Ta

ble

19 –

awar

enes

s ra

isin

g an

d ca

paci

ty b

uild

ing.

W

e su

ppor

t the

initi

ativ

es b

ut b

elie

ve th

e P

lan

shou

ld

be

mor

e ag

gres

sive

in

en

forc

ing

actio

n ag

ains

t lit

tere

rs

and

requ

iring

sc

hool

s to

se

para

te

thei

r w

aste

. An

y co

mm

unic

atio

n pr

ogra

mm

e, in

our

vie

w

need

s to

be

focu

sed

–as

an e

xam

ple

the

com

mun

ity

need

s on

ly

to

be

targ

eted

to

se

para

te

thei

r ho

useh

old

was

te w

hen

the

City

is r

eady

to d

eal w

ith

sepa

rate

d w

aste

fro

m t

hat

com

mun

ity.

It w

ould

be

coun

terp

rodu

ctiv

e to

pro

mot

e se

para

tion

at s

ourc

e if

syst

ems

wer

e no

t in

plac

e to

dea

l with

the

sepa

rate

d w

aste

. Thi

s co

mm

ent a

lso

refe

rs to

8, 3

, 3.

Not

ed.

7,

3 E

cono

mic

ins

trum

ents

– t

he b

ulle

t be

ginn

ing

“impl

emen

ting

recy

clin

g pr

ogra

mm

es…

” .

Ple

ase

ensu

re th

at a

ll co

st s

avin

gs n

eed

to b

e of

fset

aga

inst

th

e ga

ins,

not

just

land

fill s

avin

gs.

Not

ed.

106

SE

CTI

ON

CO

MM

EN

T R

ES

PO

NS

E

P

age

80 p

arag

raph

afte

r ta

ble

22.”C

erta

in ta

xes

can

enco

urag

e re

cycl

ing

and

disc

oura

ge p

rodu

ctio

n” T

his

has

been

cov

ered

ear

lier

by u

s -s

ee p

oint

2 -

but w

e m

ust

re-it

erat

e th

at s

uch

actio

ns s

houl

d on

ly t

ake

plac

e on

ce t

he A

utho

ritie

s ha

ve f

ully

con

sulte

d w

ith

affe

cted

pa

rties

to

un

ders

tand

if

ther

e ar

e an

y un

inte

nded

con

sequ

ence

s. T

he e

xam

ples

quo

ted,

fo

r exa

mpl

e, in

the

Dra

ft N

atio

nal W

aste

Stra

tegy

are

al

l fla

wed

and

for

a v

arie

ty o

f re

ason

s th

e pr

oduc

ts

refe

rred

to

cann

ot b

e m

ade

from

rec

ycle

d m

ater

ials

as

su

gges

ted.

S

uch

actio

ns

shou

ld

also

no

t be

co

ntem

plat

ed i

f th

e se

ctor

pro

duci

ng t

he p

rodu

ct is

ac

hiev

ing

the

recy

clin

g ta

rget

s as

ag

reed

w

ith

Nat

iona

l Gov

ernm

ent.

Not

ed.

S

ectio

n of

com

men

ts a

nd is

sues

ref

ers

to c

radl

e to

cr

adle

but

the

mai

n te

xt s

till r

efer

s to

cra

dle

to g

rave

.N

oted

.

A

nnex

ure

2.

With

re

spec

t, th

e se

ctio

n on

in

tern

atio

nal

prac

tices

is

sket

chy.

The

Pac

kagi

ng

Cou

ncil

of S

A/ R

AG

has

em

ploy

ed a

n in

tern

atio

nal

expe

rt, P

erch

ards

, to

assi

st w

ith th

e de

velo

pmen

t of

the

Pac

kagi

ng

and

pape

r In

dust

ry

Was

te

Man

agem

ent

Pla

n. W

e su

gges

t th

is r

esou

rce

coul

d be

app

roac

hed

for h

elp

if re

quire

d.

The

scop

e of

th

is

proj

ect

did

not

allo

w

for

an

exte

nsiv

e re

view

of i

nter

natio

nal b

est p

ract

ices

. Thi

s w

as th

e be

st th

at c

an b

e do

ne u

nder

the

proj

ect t

ime

and

cost

con

stra

ints

.

Ref

eren

cing

S

ome

refe

renc

es (

3) u

sed

in th

e te

xt d

id n

ot a

ppea

r in

the

Bib

liogr

aphy

. S

ome

docu

men

ts a

ppea

r in

the

Bib

liogr

aphy

but

not

in

the

text

.

Not

ed a

nd c

orre

cted

. P

leas

e no

te t

hat

this

is

a B

iblio

grap

hy l

ist

not

a R

efer

ence

list

. Som

e do

cum

ents

whi

ch w

ere

read

or

are

thou

ght

to

be

good

so

urce

s of

in

form

atio

n re

latin

g to

the

doc

umen

ts a

lthou

gh n

ot c

ited

in t

he

text

hav

e th

eref

ore

been

incl

uded

.

107

ANNEXURE 2 SUMMARY OF INTERNATIONAL GOOD WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

108

International GOOD practices

Waste management practices elsewhere have been compared in an attempt to determine those practices that could be used as good practices and hence as bench marks for the CoJ. Case studies reviewed include a combination of both developed and developing countries (DEA, 2009). These are shown in the table below. Developed countries Developing countries United Kingdom

� Eden District Council� Hart District Council� Mersea Island Trial� Wealden’s Crown scheme� Sutton� Daventry� Bournemouth � Gwynedd � Powys

Australia� Gold Coast City Council� City of Darwin

New Zealand� Christchurch city council

Asia � Japan � Singapore

Africa � Maputo in Mosambique � Lusaka in Zambia � Windhoek in Namibia

South America � City of Uberlândia in Brazil

Asia � India � Jakarta in Indonesia � Meteng in Indonesia

(Source: DEA, 2009) It is important to note that this study does not give details of the practices but rather an indication of what is happening elsewhere. The CoJ can then undertake much more detailed studies of those that may be of interest to them based on this summary.

109

Tabl

e 1:

Sum

mar

y of

Goo

d In

tern

atio

nal W

aste

Man

agem

ent P

ract

ises

Was

te M

anag

emen

t V

aria

bles

Dev

elop

ed C

ount

ries

D

evel

opin

g C

ount

ries

Freq

uenc

y of

col

lect

ion

The

type

of w

aste

requ

iring

col

lect

ion

norm

ally

de

term

ines

the

frequ

ency

of w

aste

col

lect

ion.

• R

ecyc

labl

es

sepa

rate

d fro

m

sour

ce

are

gene

rally

co

llect

ed

once

in

a

fortn

ight

(E

den

Dis

trict

, H

art

Dis

trict

, S

utto

n an

d ot

hers

) or

in

som

e fe

w c

ases

, a

wee

kly

basi

s (e

.g. D

aven

try).

• G

ener

al w

aste

col

lect

ion

is n

orm

ally

on

a w

eekl

y ba

sis.

• In

ca

ses

whe

re

orga

nic

was

te

is

sepa

rate

d ou

t, ge

nera

l ho

useh

old

was

te

is

colle

cted

on

ce

in

a fo

rtnig

ht (N

ew Z

eala

nd, C

hris

tchu

rch)

.

• O

rgan

ic w

aste

is

colle

cted

on

a w

eekl

y ba

sis

(New

Ze

alan

d C

hris

tchu

rch)

• In

the

UK

org

anic

was

te i

s co

llect

ed e

very

sec

ond

wee

k in

the

sum

mer

mon

ths

and

on a

wee

kly

basi

s in

th

e w

inte

r mon

ths

(Sut

ton

and

Ede

n D

istri

ct)

• In

the

Gol

d C

oast

City

in A

ustra

lia, g

ener

al h

ouse

hold

co

llect

ion

from

apa

rtmen

t bu

ildin

gs i

s tw

ice

a w

eek

durin

g th

e ho

liday

sea

son.

In

dev

elop

ed c

ount

ries

ther

e is

no

sign

ifica

nt d

iffer

ence

in

the

colle

ctio

n fre

quen

cies

of

gene

ral

hous

ehol

d w

aste

be

twee

n ur

ban

and

rura

l are

as.

In

deve

lopi

ng

coun

tries

, co

llect

ion

frequ

ency

di

ffers

be

twee

n fo

rmal

and

inf

orm

al a

reas

whe

re a

cces

s is

di

fficu

lt.

• In

for

mal

are

as h

ouse

hold

was

te c

olle

ctio

n is

on

a w

eekl

y ba

sis.

• In

info

rmal

are

as c

olle

ctio

n is

don

e in

two

step

s:

o P

rimar

y co

llect

ion:

Col

lect

ion

from

hou

seho

lds

by

the

com

mun

ity

or

priv

ate

cont

ract

ors

to

cent

ral c

olle

ctio

n po

ints

. o

Sec

onda

ry c

olle

ctio

n: C

olle

ctio

n of

was

te f

rom

th

e ce

ntra

l col

lect

ion

poin

ts b

y th

e m

unic

ipal

ity.

• In

cas

es w

here

con

tract

ors

colle

ct t

he w

aste

fro

m

hous

ehol

ds to

cen

tral c

olle

ctio

n po

ints

, the

col

lect

ion

happ

ens

daily

(e.g

. Win

dhoe

k).

• In

the

City

of U

berlâ

ndia

, wet

was

te is

col

lect

ed o

n a

daily

bas

is a

nd d

ry w

aste

less

freq

uent

ly.

Rec

epta

cles

use

d Th

ere

is a

wid

e ra

nge

of r

ecep

tacl

es u

sed

in d

evel

oped

co

untri

es.

• 17

diff

eren

t typ

es a

nd s

izes

of r

ecep

tacl

es fo

r ge

nera

l

A w

ide

rang

e of

typ

es a

nd s

izes

of

rece

ptac

les

are

used

.

110

Was

te M

anag

emen

t V

aria

bles

Dev

elop

ed C

ount

ries

D

evel

opin

g C

ount

ries

was

te a

nd 7

diff

eren

t si

zes

of b

ins

for

recy

clab

les

wer

e re

porte

d in

the

Gol

d C

oast

in A

ustra

lia.

• S

mal

ler

bin

are

prov

ided

for

mix

ed w

aste

whi

le b

igge

r si

zed

bins

are

pro

vide

d fo

r rec

ycla

bles

.

• S

ome

mun

icip

aliti

es a

lso

give

res

iden

ts a

cho

ice

of

size

i.e

. tw

o 80

ℓ b

ins

inst

ead

of o

ne 2

40 ℓ

bin

for

do

mes

tic w

aste

.

• In

Sin

gapo

re b

ulk

cont

aine

rs a

re u

sed

at h

igh

rise

apar

tmen

t bu

ildin

gs

and

was

te

chut

es

from

ea

ch

apar

tmen

t are

con

stru

cted

in n

ewer

bui

ldin

gs.

• H

ome

com

post

ing

bins

are

pro

vide

d fre

e of

cha

rge

in

seve

ral o

f the

UK

mun

icip

aliti

es s

ampl

ed.

• R

ecep

tacl

es p

rovi

ded

by th

e m

unic

ipal

ity,

• P

last

ic b

ags

(new

or u

sed)

,

• U

sed

plas

tic a

nd m

etal

con

tain

ers,

• D

edic

ated

por

tabl

e ru

bbis

h bi

ns

• P

erm

anen

t con

cret

e bu

nker

s ar

e us

ed.

• R

ecep

tacl

es p

rovi

ded

to in

form

al a

reas

incl

ude

50 ℓ

sack

s th

at a

re u

sed

in M

aput

o an

d 15

m3 r

oll-o

n co

ntai

ners

and

ski

ps in

Lus

aka.

• Tw

o bl

ack

bags

pe

r ho

useh

old

per

wee

k ar

e pr

ovid

ed b

y pr

ivat

e co

ntra

ctor

s in

inf

orm

al a

reas

, w

hile

240

ℓ w

heel

ie b

ins

or r

efus

e co

ntai

ners

are

pr

ovid

ed

by

the

priv

ate

sect

or

in

Win

dhoe

k.

Com

mun

al b

ins

vary

ing

in s

ize

is t

he p

redo

min

ant

syst

em u

sed

in In

dia

and

Indo

nesi

a.

Col

lect

ion

fees

W

aste

co

llect

ion

fees

ar

e de

term

ined

di

ffere

ntly

in

di

ffere

nt c

ount

ries.

• S

inga

pore

cha

rges

a f

ixed

was

te c

olle

ctio

n ra

te p

er

hous

ehol

d pe

r mon

th.

• In

the

UK

ref

use

was

te c

olle

ctio

n is

cha

rged

thr

ough

th

e C

ounc

il ta

x sy

stem

.

• A

ustra

lia c

harg

es p

er b

in.

• N

ew Z

eala

nd c

harg

es a

uni

form

ann

ual r

ate

for w

aste

co

llect

ion

and

was

te m

inim

isat

ion.

N

B: N

o de

tail

was

giv

en o

n ho

w th

ese

syst

ems

func

tion.

A

few

di

ffere

nt

appr

oach

es

wer

e re

porte

d fo

r de

velo

ping

cou

ntrie

s:

• In

Map

uto

the

fee

is c

olle

cted

as

part

of th

e en

ergy

bi

ll lim

iting

the

paym

ent

for

was

te s

ervi

ces

to th

ose

who

are

con

nect

ed to

the

ener

gy g

rid o

nly.

• In

Lus

aka

the

refu

se r

emov

al c

harg

e is

kep

t be

low

1.

5% o

f the

dis

posa

ble

inco

me

of fa

mili

es:

o A

max

imum

of

ZAR

10 i

s ch

arge

d in

per

i-urb

an

area

s of

Lus

aka,

o

Mor

e af

fluen

t ar

eas

may

pay

up

to t

en t

imes

hi

gher

to a

llow

for c

ross

sub

sidi

satio

n.

• W

indh

oek

and

Indo

nesi

a ch

arge

s a

fixed

rat

e pe

r

111

Was

te M

anag

emen

t V

aria

bles

Dev

elop

ed C

ount

ries

D

evel

opin

g C

ount

ries

hous

ehol

d pe

r mon

th fo

r was

te c

olle

ctio

n.

Sto

rage

and

tran

sfer

sta

tions

•

Com

mun

ity c

olle

ctio

n po

ints

are

pro

vide

d in

all

area

s in

Chr

istc

hurc

h w

here

sta

ndar

d ke

rbsi

de c

olle

ctio

n is

no

t pro

vide

d.

• E

coD

epot

s or

brin

g si

tes

are

cons

truct

ed a

t va

rious

po

ints

in c

ities

to

acce

pt a

ll re

cycl

able

was

tes

free

of

char

ge.

•

Tran

sfer

sta

tions

are

use

d to

opt

imis

e th

e us

age

of

com

pact

or tr

ucks

for w

aste

col

lect

ion.

• W

aste

is

ofte

n te

mpo

raril

y st

ored

(in

con

tain

ers

or

not)

next

to m

ain

road

s in

info

rmal

are

as.

• Fo

rmal

tra

nsfe

r st

atio

ns a

nd c

ompo

stin

g fa

cilit

ies

wer

e re

porte

d in

Jak

arta

.

• G

arde

n w

aste

site

s w

ere

repo

rted

in W

indh

oek.

• U

berlâ

ndia

rep

orte

d ha

ving

sor

ting

faci

litie

s fo

r dr

y w

aste

.

Trea

tmen

t of w

aste

•

Mix

ed

dom

estic

w

aste

is

co

mpa

cted

du

ring

trans

porta

tion

as w

ell a

s at

the

land

fill.

• S

inga

pore

and

Jap

an in

cine

rate

mun

icip

al s

olid

was

te

at la

rge

scal

e.

• C

ompo

stin

g is

pra

ctis

ed b

oth

at h

ouse

hold

lev

el a

s w

ell

as

at

com

post

ing

site

s an

d ot

her

sour

ce

sepa

rate

d re

cycl

able

s ar

e re

cycl

ed a

t rec

yclin

g pl

ants

.

• S

mal

l sc

ale

recy

clin

g op

erat

ions

ha

ve

not

been

re

porte

d in

the

sam

pled

dev

elop

ed m

unic

ipal

ities

.

• R

ecyc

ling

was

ide

ntifi

ed f

or t

he f

ollo

win

g ite

ms;

foi

l, te

xtile

s, e

ngin

e oi

l, pa

per,

plas

tics,

gla

ss, b

atte

ries

and

scra

p m

etal

.

• B

ulky

was

te is

cru

shed

bef

ore

recy

clin

g in

Jap

an.

• C

ompa

ctio

n of

was

te d

urin

g tra

nspo

rtatio

n is

onl

y lim

ited

to c

ases

whe

re c

ompa

ctor

truc

ks a

re u

sed.

• Ja

karta

, U

berlâ

ndia

and

Ind

ia a

re r

epor

ted

to h

ave

com

post

ing

(aer

obic

and

ver

min

com

post

ing)

. N

B:

anae

robi

c di

gest

ion

of o

rgan

ic w

aste

is r

epor

ted

in

Ube

rlând

ia a

nd In

dia.

• S

mal

l-sca

le in

cine

ratio

n is

repo

rted

in J

akar

ta.

• A

num

ber

of w

aste

-to-e

nerg

y pi

lot

plan

ts i

nclu

ding

in

cine

ratio

n, p

elle

tisat

ion

and

anae

robi

c di

gest

ion

are

repo

rted

in In

dia.

Rec

yclin

g B

est p

ract

ices

with

resp

ect t

o re

cycl

ing

are

as fo

llow

s:

• A

stu

rdy

plas

tic g

reen

box

is

prov

ided

to

16 0

00

• In

form

al r

ecyc

ling

is r

epor

ted

in m

ost i

nfor

mal

are

as

in

mos

t co

untri

es

sam

pled

.

The

mar

kets

fo

r

112

Was

te M

anag

emen

t V

aria

bles

Dev

elop

ed C

ount

ries

D

evel

opin

g C

ount

ries

hous

ehol

ds

in

Ede

n D

istri

ct

mun

icip

ality

. Th

e re

cycl

able

s ar

e co

llect

ed

and

sorte

d in

to

com

partm

ents

of a

cus

tom

bui

lt ve

hicl

e ev

ery

seco

nd

wee

k.

• U

sed

batte

ries

are

mai

led

back

to

supp

liers

usi

ng

spec

ially

des

igne

d en

velo

ps.

• R

ecyc

ling

in r

ural

are

as m

ainl

y dr

iven

as

a so

urce

of

inco

me

for

scho

ols,

com

mun

ity g

roup

s an

d pa

rish

coun

cils

. Th

e co

unci

l pay

per

tonn

e of

recy

cled

was

te

• G

arde

n re

fuse

bi

ns

are

prov

ided

to

18

000

ho

useh

olds

to fa

cilit

ate

recy

clin

g of

gar

den

was

te

• A

dditi

onal

ch

arge

s ar

e ad

ded

to

addi

tiona

l bu

lky

hous

ehol

d w

aste

. •

“Sid

e w

aste

” (a

ny w

aste

tha

t do

es n

ot f

it in

to th

e bi

n i.e

. Chr

istm

as tr

ees

that

are

pla

ced

next

to th

e bi

n) is

ta

ken

shor

tly a

fter t

he fe

stiv

e se

ason

. •

Rec

ycla

bles

not

mee

ting

the

expe

cted

sta

ndar

ds a

re

not c

olle

cted

but

inst

ead

a no

te is

left

expl

aini

ng w

hy

they

wer

e no

t re

mov

ed a

nd h

ow t

o im

prov

e on

the

si

tuat

ion.

E.g

. con

tam

inat

ed re

cycl

ebal

es.

• G

reen

was

te i

s de

liver

ed t

o co

mpo

stin

g fa

rms

for

proc

essi

ng

• B

ring

site

s fo

r col

lect

ing

glas

s •

Was

te r

ecyc

ling

cent

res

are

open

7 d

ays

a w

eek

for

resi

dent

s to

use

fre

e of

cha

rge

whi

le n

on-r

esid

ents

an

d co

mm

erci

al u

sers

are

cha

rged

. I

n or

der

to u

se

the

faci

lity

free

of c

harg

e re

side

nts

mus

t sh

ow t

heir

Cou

ncil

Tax

docu

men

ts.

Alth

ough

not

repo

rted,

it c

an

be a

ssum

ed th

at th

e ch

arge

s le

vied

goe

s to

war

ds th

e C

ounc

il Ta

x ac

coun

t. •

In t

ruck

sor

ting

of m

ixed

rec

ycla

bles

on

colle

ctio

n of

recy

clin

g in

Map

uto

are

how

ever

lim

ited

and

the

recy

clab

les

are

expo

rted

to n

eigh

bour

ing

coun

tries

. W

indh

oek

also

exp

ort g

lass

col

lect

ed fo

r rec

yclin

g to

S

outh

Afri

ca.

• Fo

rmal

litte

r pic

kers

are

trai

ned

and

empl

oyed

by

the

land

fill o

pera

tor a

t the

land

fill i

n W

indh

oek

to p

ick

out

recy

clab

les

at th

e la

ndfil

ls.

• S

peci

alis

ed c

ontra

ctor

s re

mov

e re

cycl

able

s fro

m th

e ce

ntra

l bus

ines

s di

stric

t of U

berlâ

ndia

. •

Sou

rce

sepa

ratio

n of

w

et

and

dry

was

te

(bio

degr

adab

le a

nd n

on-b

iode

grad

able

). •

Com

post

ing

is ta

rget

ed in

Indi

a du

e to

hug

e vo

lum

es

of o

rgan

ic w

aste

gen

erat

ed.

113

Was

te M

anag

emen

t V

aria

bles

Dev

elop

ed C

ount

ries

D

evel

opin

g C

ount

ries

was

te.

• P

artn

ersh

ips

with

ne

ighb

ourin

g ar

eas

to

nego

tiate

be

tter p

rices

for l

arge

r qua

ntiti

es o

f was

te

• B

ulky

hou

seho

ld re

cycl

ing

cent

re

• “R

ecyc

lom

obile

” –

a m

obile

br

ing

site

to

co

llect

re

cycl

able

s in

rem

ote

area

s •

Em

ploy

men

t op

portu

nitie

s fo

r pe

ople

with

lea

rnin

g di

sabi

litie

s •

Usi

ng a

pha

sed

appr

oach

to

crea

te a

war

enes

s an

d en

sure

bes

t pra

ctic

e fo

r rec

yclin

g •

Bot

tles

are

retu

rned

to re

taile

rs a

nd s

hops

from

whe

re

it is

ret

urne

d to

who

lesa

lers

and

bot

tle c

ompa

nies

in

Japa

n •

Pac

kagi

ng m

ater

ial i

s so

urce

sep

arat

ed a

nd c

olle

cted

by

mun

icip

ality

in J

apan

.

Tran

spor

t A

var

iety

of

vehi

cles

are

use

d fo

r w

aste

tra

nspo

rt fro

m

cust

om b

uilt

com

partm

enta

lised

veh

icle

s to

low

ent

ry

vehi

cles

for

rec

yclin

g.

Chr

istc

hurc

h re

porte

d th

e us

e of

co

mbi

natio

n tru

cks

for

colle

ctin

g bo

th r

ecyc

labl

es a

nd

dom

estic

was

te.

Lane

truc

ks (c

ompa

ctor

truc

k w

ith tr

aile

r fo

r re

cycl

ing)

as

wel

l as

larg

e an

d lo

ng r

ecyc

ling

truck

s w

ere

also

repo

rted

as b

eing

use

d in

Chr

istc

hurc

h. J

apan

us

es c

ompa

ctor

truc

ks a

nd h

aula

ge v

ehic

les

to tr

ansp

ort

was

te to

inci

nera

tors

.

Prim

ary

colle

ctio

n us

es a

var

iety

of

trans

port

syst

ems,

ra

ngin

g fro

m

hand

carts

, w

heel

ba

rrow

s,

push

carts

, bu

llock

car

ts,

tricy

cles

to

tract

or-tr

aile

r co

mbi

natio

ns,

light

mot

or v

ehic

les

and

smal

l tru

cks.

S

econ

dary

col

lect

ion

uses

spe

cial

ised

tru

cks

incl

udin

g ho

oklif

t tru

cks,

sk

iplif

ts

truck

s an

d tra

ctor

tra

iler

com

bina

tions

.

Whe

re

the

mun

icip

ality

pr

ovid

e se

rvic

es

in

form

al

area

s, c

ompa

ctor

truc

ks a

re u

sed.

114

Was

te M

anag

emen

t V

aria

bles

Dev

elop

ed C

ount

ries

D

evel

opin

g C

ount

ries

Oth

er

• A

ll w

aste

not

col

lect

ed o

r par

tially

on

the

colle

ctio

n da

y ca

n be

rep

orte

d an

d w

ill b

e co

llect

ed o

n th

e fo

llow

ing

day.

•

Var

iatio

ns t

o th

e no

rmal

ker

bsid

e co

llect

ion

can

be

appl

ied

for

in E

den

as w

ell

as b

ulk

was

te c

olle

ctio

n se

rvic

es a

re a

vaila

ble

at a

fee.

•

Col

lect

ion

of d

omes

tic c

linic

al w

aste

upo

n re

ques

t fro

m a

doc

tor o

r sta

te re

gist

ered

nur

se.

• O

nlin

e re

porti

ng a

nd c

ompl

aint

s lo

ggin

g sy

stem

s.

• A

pr

e-bo

oked

se

rvic

e fo

r co

llect

ing

furn

iture

an

d el

ectri

cal a

pplia

nces

– c

an b

e bo

oked

onl

ine.

•

Rec

yclin

g an

d en

viro

nmen

t of

ficer

s gi

ve

talk

s on

w

aste

and

recy

clin

g.

• Ti

ps o

n w

aste

redu

ctio

n.

• A

ssis

ted

colle

ctio

n on

req

uest

inc

ludi

ng a

bac

k do

or

colle

ctio

n fo

r dis

able

d/fra

il pe

ople

. •

Lim

ited

num

ber o

f bin

s al

low

ed p

er h

ouse

hold

. •

Sm

alle

r w

aste

con

tain

ers

issu

ed t

o fra

gile

peo

ple

on

requ

est.

• In

tens

ive

and

targ

eted

pub

licity

cam

paig

n.

• D

edic

ated

recy

clin

g of

ficer

. •

Rec

yclin

g in

crea

sed

with

inc

reas

ed w

aste

rem

oval

se

rvic

e fo

r rec

ycla

bles

. •

Rea

l nap

py c

ampa

ign

to e

ncou

rage

the

use

of m

oder

n w

asha

ble

napp

ies.

Lau

ndry

ser

vice

s pr

ovid

ed f

ree

of

char

ge to

pos

t nat

al m

othe

rs in

one

Brig

htin

g U

nit.

• H

ome

com

post

ing

is e

ncou

rage

d.

• A

dopt

-a-b

ank

(rec

yclin

g ba

nk) s

chem

e.

• D

etai

led

ongo

ing

serv

ice

requ

est

and

com

plai

nts

• In

Map

uto,

mic

ro-e

nter

pris

e em

ploy

s 3

supe

rvis

ors

and

2 st

reet

sw

eepe

rs t

o pr

ovid

e a

colle

ctio

n an

d cl

eans

ing

serv

ice

alon

g fix

ed r

oute

s in

ded

icat

ed

area

s.

Th

e co

mm

unity

br

ing

thei

r w

aste

to

a

hand

cart.

•

The

Lusa

ka m

unic

ipal

ity o

ffer

a tra

inin

g co

urse

to

com

mun

ity

cont

ract

ors

on

was

te

man

agem

ent,

heal

th ri

sk o

f was

te h

andl

ing,

fina

ncia

l man

agem

ent,

deve

lopm

ent

of

a bu

sine

ss

plan

an

d pu

blic

aw

aren

ess

crea

tion

and

educ

atio

n.

• Th

e W

indh

oek

mun

icip

ality

allo

ws

resi

dent

s to

put

ou

t one

bla

ck in

add

ition

to th

e w

heel

ie b

in a

nd w

ill

be c

olle

cted

at n

o ex

tra c

harg

e if

the

whe

elie

bin

is

too

smal

l. •

Com

mun

ity

cont

ract

ors

in

info

rmal

ar

eas

of

Win

dhoe

k pr

ovid

e w

aste

man

agem

ent

serv

ices

to

only

20

0 ho

useh

olds

an

d th

e su

rrou

ndin

g op

en

area

s pe

r con

tract

or in

the

spiri

t of j

ob c

reat

ion.

•

Bul

ky w

aste

can

be

colle

cted

from

the

hous

ehol

d on

sp

ecia

l arr

ange

men

t with

the

Win

dhoe

k m

unic

ipal

ity.

• W

aste

ch

arac

teris

atio

n is

do

ne

prio

r to

im

plem

enta

tion

of s

ourc

e se

para

tion

in U

berlâ

ndia

. •

In J

akar

ta, t

he c

olle

ctio

n tru

ck a

nnou

nces

the

was

te

colle

ctio

n tim

e by

pl

ayin

g a

tune

or

bl

owin

g a

whi

stle

. H

ouse

hold

s re

spon

d by

brin

ging

the

was

te

to th

e tru

ck.

• Th

e co

llect

ion

serv

ice

prov

ided

in J

akar

ta is

out

lined

in

a M

aste

r pla

n fo

r sol

id w

aste

man

agem

ent.

• In

Met

eng,

nei

ghbo

urho

od a

ssoc

iatio

ns p

rovi

de a

w

aste

col

lect

ion

serv

ice.

Th

e as

soci

atio

n pr

ovid

ing

the

serv

ice

deve

lop

thei

r ow

n pr

imar

y co

llect

ion

115

Was

te M

anag

emen

t V

aria

bles

D

evel

oped

Cou

ntri

es

Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntri

es

man

agem

ent.

All

mis

sed

serv

ice

calls

nee

d to

be

lock

ed e

ven

if la

ter

reso

lved

as

“res

iden

t for

got t

o pu

t ou

t or

put

out

too

lat

e” o

r tru

ck s

till

com

ing.

(E

.g.

runn

ing

late

on

roun

d).

• C

olle

ctio

n of

was

te b

y co

mm

unity

gro

ups.

•

Lega

l m

easu

res

supp

orte

d by

na

tiona

l fu

ndin

g m

anag

ed

to

stab

ilise

th

e so

lid

was

te

syst

ems

in

Japa

n.

syst

em ta

ilore

d fo

r the

nee

ds o

f the

com

mun

ity.

• M

ost

of t

he b

est

prac

tices

not

ed m

entio

ned

that

su

bsta

ntia

l m

arke

ting

of

serv

ice

is

esse

ntia

l to

su

cces

sful

impl

emen

tatio

n.

(DE

AT,

200

9)