city of cambridge ghg reduction energy management plan
TRANSCRIPT
June 2014
June 2014
June 2014 i
© 2014, The Corporation of the City of Cambridge. All Rights Reserved.
The preparation of this plan was carried out with assistance from the Green Municipal Fund, a
Fund financed by the Government of Canada and administered by the Federation of
Canadian Municipalities. Notwithstanding this support, the views expressed are the personal
views of the authors, and the Federation of Canadian Municipalities and the Government of
Canada accept no responsibility for them.
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Table of Contents List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................ iv
1.0 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 1
2.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3
3.0 Background & Context .............................................................................................................. 4
3.1 Vision ..................................................................................................................................... 4
3.2 Partners for Climate Protection Program ............................................................................. 4
3.3 Green Energy Act .................................................................................................................. 6
3.4 Context .................................................................................................................................. 6
3.4.1 City of Cambridge: A High-Level Overview .................................................................... 6
3.4.2 GHG Reduction Team .....................................................................................................7
3.4.3 Corporate Sustainability Plan ..........................................................................................7
3.4.4 Integrating Corporate and Community Climate Action Plans ....................................... 8
3.4.5 Facility Energy & Water Assessments ............................................................................ 9
3.5 A Guide to Decision-Making ................................................................................................10
4.0 Current State ............................................................................................................................ 11
4.1 Corporate Operations Profile ............................................................................................... 11
4.2 Highlights of Completed & Current (Ongoing) Energy Conservation and GHG Reduction
Initiatives ................................................................................................................................... 11
4.3 Summary of Renewable Energy Initiatives .......................................................................... 12
4.4 Corporate Energy & GHG Emissions Summary .................................................................. 12
4.5 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 13
5.0 Potential Future State .............................................................................................................. 14
5.1 GHG Emissions Forecast ...................................................................................................... 14
5.2 Proposed Reduction Target for the City of Cambridge ........................................................ 15
6.0 Corporate GHG Reduction (Energy Management) Plan ......................................................... 16
6.1 Summary of Proposed Measures to Achieve Reduction Target ........................................... 18
6.1.1 Buildings ........................................................................................................................ 22
6.1.2 Street Lighting .............................................................................................................. 25
6.1.3 Sewage Collection and Pumping ................................................................................... 26
6.1.4 Corporate Waste ........................................................................................................... 27
6.1.5 Fleet ............................................................................................................................... 28
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6.1.6 Other ............................................................................................................................. 29
7.0 Monitoring & Measurement .................................................................................................... 31
Appendix A: Milestones 1, 2 and 3 Achievement Letters ............................................................. 32
Appendix B: Master List of Energy and Water Conservation Measures for City Owned and
Operated Facilities ........................................................................................................................ 34
Appendix C: Completing and Ongoing Initiatives to Support Corporate-Wide Energy and GHG
Reduction Goals ............................................................................................................................ 46
References ..................................................................................................................................... 49
Version Tracking
Date Purpose/Use of Report Primary Change/Edit November 2013
Submitted to FCM for Recognition of PCP Milestones 2 and 3 and uploaded to City’s website in accordance with GEA requirements.
n/a
June 2014 Re-submitted to FCM as updated report and re-uploaded to City’s website in accordance with GEA requirements.
Updated to add results of detailed energy audits completed for City’s buildings.
June 2014 iv
List of Acronyms
The following is a list of acronyms used in this document.
BAS Building Automation System (pertains to building systems)
BAU Business As Usual
CDM Conservation and Demand Management
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
CO2e
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2e is the sum of the individual GHGs weighted to represent the atmospheric effects of carbon dioxide. Calculated by multiplying the mass of a Greenhouse Gas pollutant by its Global Warming Potential on a 100-year time horizon.)
CSP Corporate Sustainability Plan
DHW Domestic Hot Water
ECM Energy Conservation Measure
FCM Federation of Canadian Municipalities
FCV Fuel Cell Vehicle
GEA Green Energy Act
GHG Greenhouse Gas
HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (pertains to building systems)
ICI Industrial, Commercial and Institutional
ICLEI International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives, now known as ICLEI- Local Governments for Sustainability
IEAP International Government GHG Emissions Analysis Protocol
IESNA Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
kWh Kilowatt hour
LAP Local Action Plan
LED Light Emitting Diode (refers to a type of lighting fixture)
LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
MoE Ministry of Energy
MUA Makeup Air Unit
NRCAN Natural Resources Canada
PCP Partners for Climate Protection
RCI Regional Climate Initiative
VFD Variable Frequency Drive (pertains to building systems)
WCM Water Conservation Measure
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1.0 Executive Summary This Corporate Greenhouse Gas and Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan
(Plan) for the City of Cambridge has been developed to meet the reporting requirements for O.
Reg. 397/11 (the Ontario Green Energy Act (GEA)) and the voluntary Partners for Climate
Protection (PCP) Program in which the City is actively participating. The initial version of this
report was completed in November 2013 and has been augmented in the Spring of 2014 to
include information from the recently completed detailed energy audits of the City’s facilities.
This plan outlines the City’s GHG reduction target, as well as energy conservation goals and
objectives, including proposed conservation measures, estimated costs and benefits, and
renewable energy installations.
The initial version of this Plan was submitted to the Federation of Canadian Municipalities
(FCM) in November 2013 for recognition of completion of Milestones 2 and 3 of the Partners
for Climate Protection (PCP) Program. The PCP Program is a joint voluntary program between
ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI) and the FCM which has been designed to
empower and support municipalities in their efforts to reduce GHG emissions and take action
against climate change.
As part of fulfilling the requirements for the PCP Program, the City conducted an analysis of
its baseline GHG emissions of corporate operations for 2009 (PCP baseline year); in 2009 the
City’s operations contributed a total of 7,398 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (t CO2e).
Similarly, in accordance with the Ontario Green Energy Act, the City has analyzed the energy
consumption at City-owned facilities during the last year for which complete information is
available, which is 2012 (GEA baseline year). In 2012, City-owned facilities, including sewage
pumping facilities, consumed approximately 13,279,226 kWh of electricity and 1,241,656 m3 of
natural gas, resulting in 3,808 t CO2e of GHG emissions.
The City has since identified several measures it can implement to reduce both energy and
GHG emissions across corporate operations which include buildings, street lighting, sewage
collection and pumping, municipal fleets, and corporate waste. The measures the City plans to
implement are detailed in this Plan and include an array of building retrofits and streetlight
conversions, the introduction of corporate waste management strategies to improve landfill
diversion rates, the exploration and introduction of alternative fuels/vehicles into the
corporate fleet and improving the City’s tree canopy. The City has evaluated and prioritized
each GHG reduction and energy conservation measure detailed in this Plan. Also, where
possible, the anticipated energy and GHG reductions for each are highlighted.
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Based on the proposed GHG reduction and energy conservation measures detailed in this Plan,
the City aims to reduce its GHG emissions from corporate operations by at least 6% below the
PCP baseline (2009) levels over the next 10 years. This emissions reduction target translates
into a 1,443 t CO2e (or 17% reduction) below the projected 2019 GHG emissions level, which is
the equivalent of taking 304 cars off the road each year.
1,443 t CO2e is equivalent to taking
304 cars off the road every year.
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2.0 Introduction As part of the City’s sustainability efforts, the City of Cambridge (the City) has voluntarily
committed to the Partners for Climate Protection (PCP) Program, joining a network of hundreds
of Canadian municipalities that have committed to reducing GHG emissions and mitigating
climate change. The City has also been proactive in meeting its obligations under O. Reg. 397/11
(the Ontario Green Energy Act (GEA)). In June 2013, the City completed the first requirement
under the GEA, reporting its 2011 energy usage and GHG emissions at City-owned facilities.
This Corporate Greenhouse Gas and Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan
(henceforth referred to as “Plan”) is intended to fulfill the reporting requirements for the Green
Energy Act as well as Milestones 2 and 3 of the PCP program.
This document outlines the development of the City’s Plan and details the City’s proposed
measures to reduce energy and GHG emissions across corporate1 operations, including:
Buildings;
Street lighting;
Sewage collection and pumping;
Municipal fleets; and
Corporate waste.
The City is committed to following the direction of this Plan, and will take the necessary steps to
ensure its implementation and success.
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3.0 Background & Context The following sections provide an overview of the City’s overarching vision, the Partners for
Climate Protection Program, the Green Energy Act, they City’s general context, and guidance for
decision making.
3.1 Vision
The City celebrates the uniqueness of its founding communities and is united by its heritage,
rivers, cultures and common future. Cambridge residents and visitors enjoy the natural
environment, safe, clean, caring, sustainable and accessible neighbourhoods, with a wide variety
of lifestyle and housing options and ample cultural and recreational opportunities. Cambridge,
as a community of opportunity, encourages business growth and transition, entrepreneurial
spirit, strong leadership, efficient government and the provision of municipal services, personal
growth and civic pride.
The City is regarded for balanced decision-making on the basis of cultural, economic,
environmental and social considerations. With respect to climate change, the City has
committed, throughout its operations, to consistently employ and demonstrate best practices in
energy efficiency and climate change mitigation strategies in the most fiscally responsible way
possible to enhance the quality of life for the community and protect its rich heritage for current
and future generations.
The City demonstrates leadership by improving energy efficiency and reducing GHG emissions
across all key operations including buildings, streetlighting, sewage collection and pumping,
waste management, fleet management and maintenance. The City continues to monitor and
report on energy and GHG emissions reduction measures in accordance with the Green Energy
Act and PCP program.
3.2 Partners for Climate Protection Program
The City joined the PCP program in 2012. The PCP is a joint, voluntary program between
ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI) and the FCM, and is designed to
empower and support municipalities with their efforts to reduce GHG emissions and take
action against climate change.
The PCP uses a five-milestone framework to guide municipalities in their efforts to reduce GHG
emissions. An overview of the PCP milestone framework is presented in Figure 1 and listed
below:
Milestone 1: Create a GHG emissions inventory and forecast
Milestone 2: Set GHG emission reduction targets
Milestone 3: Develop a Local Action Plan
Milestone 4: Implement the Local Action Plan
Milestone 5: Monitor progress and report results.
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Figure 1 PCP Program’s Five Milestone Framework
The City of Cambridge completed Milestone 1 in 2013 for its Corporate GHG Inventory and
Forecast, and received official recognition of its completion on January 28, 2013 from the PCP
Secretariat (refer to Appendix A for more information).
The initial version of this Plan, dated November 2013, was submitted for official recognition of
the completion of Milestones 2 and 3, setting a GHG emission reduction target (presented in
Section 5.2) and the development of a Local Action Plan (LAP). The City received recognition
of its completion of Milestones 2 and 3 on January 7, 2014 (letter provided in Appendix A).
This Plan includes a series of progressive and attainable actions to help reduce energy and GHG
emissions across corporate operations to improve the environmental performance of the City
over the ten-year planning horizon. This Plan has been augmented to include the results of
recently completed detailed energy audits of the City’s facilities.
Milestones 4 and 5 call for municipalities to implement the LAP and continue to monitor
progress and report on results. The City intends to implement the details set forth in this GHG
Reduction Plan and monitor and report on progress over time. Separate submissions for
Milestones 4 and 5 will be prepared and filed with the PCP Program at a later date.
Simultaneously, Cambridge, along with Kitchener, Waterloo, Region of Waterloo, local utilities,
school boards, community groups and residents have undertaken Milestones 1–3 at the
“Community” level by producing a Local Action Plan (“A Climate Action Plan for Waterloo
Region: Living Smarter in 2020”). The Cambridge “Corporate” GHG Reduction (Energy
Management) Plan nests within that plan and forms part of the “Community” Plan.
Milestone 1: Create a GHG emissions inventory and forecast
Milestone 2: Set GHG emission reductions targets
Milestone 3: Develop a Local Action Plan
Milestone 4: Implement the Local Action Plan
Milestone 5: Monitor progress and report results
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3.3 Green Energy Act
The Green Energy Act (GEA), formerly Bill 150, was introduced in the Ontario legislature in
2009. The GEA was created to:
a) Increase the generation of renewable energy (e.g., wind, solar, hydroelectricity and
bioenergy),
b) Promote energy conservation (e.g., by working with local utilities to achieve conservation
targets and making energy efficiency a key part of the Ontario building code), and
c) Encourage the creation of clean energy jobs.
Under the GEA, municipalities and other public agencies are required to report annual energy
use and GHG emissions to the Ministry of Energy (MoE), and, by July 1, 2014, make publicly
available a five-year energy conservation and demand management (CDM) plan. The City has
already reported its annual energy use to the MoE and this Plan is intended to fulfill the GEA’s
requirements for a CDM plan.
3.4 Context
3.4.1 City of Cambridge: A High-Level Overview
The City of Cambridge was formed in 1973 through the amalgamation of the City of Galt, the
Towns of Hespeler and Preston, the Hamlet of Blair and parts of the Townships of Waterloo and
North Dumfries2.
Located in southern Ontario, the City of Cambridge covers a land area of 112.82 square
kilometers and is situated at the confluence of the Grand River (the first urban waterway to be
named a Canadian Heritage River) and the Speed River and along the Galt and Paris Moraines.
The river valley contains a stretch of the Grand River Forest,
containing rare forest species such as tulip trees and black
walnut. The geography surrounding the City is used
primarily for agricultural purposes3.
The City of Cambridge is ideally situated in Canada’s
Technology Triangle, an area known for its concentration of
science and technology firms. Furthermore, the City is
accessible (between 50 and 130 kilometres) from other major
City centres including Toronto and the border crossings of
Niagara Falls/Buffalo. City residents are also within commuting distance of Kitchener,
Waterloo, Guelph, Brantford, Mississauga, Milton and Hamilton.
In addition, the City boasts a growing population. At the end of 2012, the City estimated its
number of residents to be nearly 133,000. This number is expected to reach 173,000 by 20294.
The economy of Cambridge has experienced strong growth over the last 10 years. There are
approximately 7,300 businesses in the City, over 470 of which are manufacturing businesses
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ranging from textile manufacturing to science and technology firms5. Commercial and retail
activity has been traditionally located in the commercial areas of Galt, Preston and Hespeler6.
Residents enjoy access to over 100 parks covering more than 365 hectares, 14 golf courses, and
other recreational facilities including ice surfaces, pools, recreation/community centres and
soccer fields. Furthermore, there are over 70 kilometres of natural trails, more than half of
which are along the banks of the Grand and Speed Rivers7. In addition, the City maintains over
200 kilometres of on-road cycling facilities (e.g., bike lanes, paved shoulders, wide-shared use
lands and signed routes)8.
3.4.2 GHG Reduction Team
The City has established a GHG Reduction Team (the Team), made up of a cross-section of staff
across corporate operations. The Team is responsible for participating in GHG reduction
planning processes, contributing to the development of this Plan as well as supporting the GEA
reporting requirements. The Team is made with staff from the following departments:
Community Services Department – Sustainable Design and Development Division;
Corporate Services Department – Purchasing & Inventory Division, Financial
Services Division; and
Transportation and Public Works Department – Engineering Division, Public Works
Division.
Specifically, this report was prepared with input and collaboration between Stantec Consulting
Limited and the City of Cambridge’s GHG Reduction Team who’s members include: Paul
Willms, Jonathan Lautenbach, Bob Paul, Linda Fegan, Reg Weber, Shannon Noonan,
Slobodanka Lekic, Michelle Vienneau, Zita Tavares, Elaine Brunn Shaw, John Avery, Angelo
Pellegrino, Jon Redhill, Mike Hausser, and Steve Matheson.
The City would like to recognize the individuals who contributed their time and expertise to the
development of this Plan and to all those who will help to implement the GHG Reduction and
energy management initiatives outlined herein.
3.4.3 Corporate Sustainability Plan
In January 2011, the City initiated a planning process to develop its first Corporate
Sustainability Plan (CSP). The CSP, released in October 2011, is an umbrella document that
guides the City’s actions with respect to sustainability. This includes balancing the City’s fiscal
responsibility with cultural (including heritage), economic, environmental and social interests.
The CSP is a framework for the sustainable implementation of the City’s existing Master and
Strategic Plans including:
Arts and Culture Master Plan;
Bikeway Network Master Plan;
Cambridge Heritage Master Plan;
Core Areas Parking Master Plan;
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Designing the Future: An Economic Development Strategy for the City of Cambridge;
Five Year Review 2008-2013 of the Master Plan for Leisure Services/Facilities (2002 to
2022);
Five Year Strategic Plans for Libraries and Galleries;
Stormwater Management Plan (pending); and,
Trails Master Plan.
This Reduction Plan completes Action Env9, one of the nine identified environmental actions
within the CSP. Specifically, Action Env9 states: “Data gathered in 2012 about greenhouse gas
emissions will need to be reported on in July 2013 due to Green Energy Act Requirements9.”
3.4.4 Integrating Corporate and Community Climate Action Plans
Waterloo Region (the Region) is made up of three urban municipalities – Cambridge, Kitchener
and Waterloo – as well as four rural Townships – North Dumfries, Wellesley, Wilmot and
Woolwich. In 2009, the Region released an Environmental Sustainability Strategy (the Strategy)
building on the “Region of Waterloo’s Past and Present Environmental Initiatives10.” The
Strategy provides a framework for incorporating environmental considerations into the Region’s
decision-making and outlines target-setting processes in all areas that can significantly impact
the environment. The Region has identified five priority outcome areas – air, land, water,
material resources, and waste and sustainability culture – and the Strategy provides clear goals,
and related plans and strategies for each of these areas11.
The City is also a participant in the Regional Carbon Initiative (RCI). RCI is Sustainable
Waterloo Region’s flagship program that assists local organizations further the sustainability of
their operations through GHG reductions12.
Furthermore, the City of Cambridge is an active organization in ClimateActionWR, a
collaborative initiative that facilitates knowledge sharing, resource maximization and the
engagement of participants across interests, disciplines and community sectors to reduce GHG
emissions, improve energy efficiency and contribute to the sustainable prosperity of the
Waterloo Region. Local municipal organizations, utilities and other partners including REEP
Green Solutions and Sustainable Waterloo Region are participating organizations. In May 2012,
this network of participating organizations completed a community-scale GHG emissions
inventory for the Waterloo Region using 2010 as a baseline year and including a 10-year
emissions forecast to 2020. This work resulted in the achievement of Milestones 1 to 3 of the
PCP program. Currently, the collaborative is working on Milestones 4 and 5 of the PCP
framework, and implementing the community-scale Local Action Plan that focuses specifically
on reducing GHG emissions and improving energy efficiency across residential, industrial,
commercial and institutional sectors (ICI); transportation on area roads; etc.13
This Plan focuses on reducing corporate energy use and GHG emissions within the City of
Cambridge, which builds on, supports and enhances these other efforts throughout the Region.
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3.4.5 Facility Energy & Water Assessments
In December 2013, the City commissioned detailed energy and water assessments for 24 City
owned and managed facilities, as outlined in Table 1 below.
Table 1 List of City Facilities Assessed for GHG Reduction and Energy Conservation Opportunities
No. Building Name
Annual Total Energy
Savings – All Measures
Identified ($)
Annual Tonnes CO2e
Avoided – All
Measures Identified
(tonnes CO2e) 1 Cambridge Arts Theatre 3,846 7.8 2 City Hall 3,536 24.2 3 David Durward & CFA 21,881 88.5 4 Dickson Arena 5,916 10.7 5 Duncan McIntosh Arena 8,298 20.2 6 Dunfield Theatre 7,348 20.5 7 Fire Department 1 – Main 11,089 16.0 8 Fire Department 2 & Hespeler Centre 4,293 14.2 9 Fire Department 3 & ARC 11,423 39.1 10 Fire Department 4 3,542 5.3 11 Fire Department 5 2,437 4.2 12 Galt Arena 23,523 81.8 13 Hespeler Arena 34,521 78.1 14 Historic City Hall 2,865 17.6 15 John Dolson Pool 13,041 23.7 16 Karl Homuth Arena 3,117 9.3 17 Library – Hespeler 4,035 12.3 18 Library – Main 18,614 50.8 19 Library – Preston 2,478 9.5 20 Market Building 2,076 5.4 21 Old Fire Hall 4,560 4.7 22 Preston Arena 11,482 50.4 23 Transportation and Public Works 4,289 23.8 24 WG Johnson Pool 13,737 52.8
TOTAL (All measures across building portfolio)
$221,957 670.8 tonnes CO2e
The goal of these assessments was to explore potential opportunities to improve energy and
water efficiencies at City owned and operated facilities. The assessment reports, completed in
mid-March, 2014, contained a total of 229 Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) and Water
Conservation Measures (WCMs), along with their GHG reduction potentials (expressed in
tonnes of CO2e avoided on an annual basis), net present value, simple payback (in years) and
capital payback (in years), total cost of implementation, and utility savings potentials (electricity
in kilowatts and kilowatt hours, natural gas in cubic meters, water in cubic meters and total
annual energy savings in dollars).
After analyzing the full list of recommended ECMs and WCMs, the City identified 47 measures
to be pursued by the end of 2014. A further 182 measures are planned to be implemented by
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2019. The master list of ECMs and WCMs identified for all 24 City owned and operated facilities
that were assessed for this initiative can be found in Appendix B.
3.5 A Guide to Decision-Making
While the City has already identified a number of energy and GHG reduction initiatives (refer to
Section 6.1) to meet its reduction target, other initiatives (e.g., those within the City’s Master
Plans and Strategic Plans) may be pursued and brought forward as potential energy and GHG
reduction strategies to contribute to the City’s reduction goals. However, initiatives which are
pursued must be manageable and achievable within the City’s staffing and financial constraints.
The City will work within its budget capacity, through the budget approval framework, to ensure
that the Corporation sustainably manages and coordinates its current and future energy and
GHG reduction initiatives. Furthermore, the City will employ a Level of Effort vs. Level of
Impact Evaluation Framework (see Figure 4, Section 6.0) when considering future energy
and GHG initiatives. Finally, the City will capitalize on available incentive and grant programs,
as well as operational savings resulting from energy and GHG reduction initiatives, and funnel
these funds into future energy and GHG reduction initiatives.
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4.0 Current State
4.1 Corporate Operations Profile
The City owns approximately 200 properties ranging from trails, parks and open spaces,
cemeteries, sports arenas, community centres, service buildings, fire stations, libraries and
administrative (office) buildings. These properties include 80 building structures,
approximately 70 kilometres of trails and 365 hectares of parkland.14 The City’s mandate is to
manage these facilities with efficiency, sustainability and responsibility as its core aims. The City
provides the following services for its facilities:
Asset management and administration, maintenance of properties and capital repairs;
Project design, development and management;
Project and building construction;
Planning for new developments and capital investments;
Long-term facility planning;
Safety assurance for public use of major facilities and properties;
Concept to completion of capital/conservation projects;
Risk mitigation;
Review and approval of land and building leases, subdivisions and development
applications;
Property issues analysis; and
Energy consultation.15
4.2 Highlights of Completed & Current (Ongoing) Energy Conservation and GHG
Reduction Initiatives
The City has been active in reducing energy consumption and GHG emissions across corporate
operations, particularly within City owned and managed buildings. In total, the City has
identified approximately 30 completed and current (ongoing) measures to reduce energy and
GHG emissions across City operations. Completed and current measures include implementing
a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold policy for all new buildings and
major renovations; establishing an energy conservation reserve fund; implementing a tree
planting program; hosting green workshops on a variety of salient topics including climate
change, sustainable development, and peak oil; establishing an anti-idling by-law for corporate
fleet; implementing a sustainable procurement policy; and implementing software to provide a
paperless system for report preparation. Other identified measures include numerous
retrofits/equipment replacements in existing corporate buildings including lighting retrofits;
furnace, dehumidification system, roofing and cladding replacements. The full list of completed
and ongoing initiatives to support corporate-wide energy and GHG reductions is presented in
Appendix C. Gaining an understanding of what measures the City has already undertaken in
these regards is crucial to plotting the future direction for the City.
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4.3 Summary of Renewable Energy Initiatives
The City has been proactive when it comes to exploring the merits of and subsequently
implementing renewable energy projects for its facilities.
The City undertook a 20kW Photovoltaic Solar installation at its Public Works facility, located at
1310 Bishop Street. The photovoltaic solar panels (91 in total, each rated at 245W) are mounted
on a newly installed garage for public works vehicles. Based on a 5 week generation period, the
yearly output is estimated to be over 21,000 kWh, generating an estimated yearly income of over
$15,000, and yielding an annual power savings of over 5%, as well as saving over 3.5 t CO2e
emissions per year.
There are also two City facilities which have geothermal installations making use of heat pump
technology to reduce the consumption of natural gas heating. These facilities include the Elgin
Street Maintenance Building whose geothermal heat pump, rated at 540 GJ of heat production
per year, has cut heating and electricity costs by approximately 40% per year; and the pool at the
Johnson Centre whose heat pump, rated at 1,100 GJ of heat production per year, accounts for an
annual reduction of 55 t CO2e.
4.4 Corporate Energy & GHG Emissions Summary
GHG emissions inventories for the City’s corporate operations were completed for 2009 (PCP
baseline year), 2010, 2011 and 2012 (GEA baseline year). A complete GHG Inventory report was
completed to overview the methodologies and assumptions of the 2009 PCP baseline year,
entitled The City of Cambridge: Corporate Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory and
Forecast16.
A summary of GHG emissions by sector and emission year is provided in Table 2 (presented as
tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents or t CO2e). Buildings produce the largest amount of GHG
emissions for the City’s corporate operations, with City fleet being the second largest producer of
emissions. The total GHG emissions from all City operations in the PCP baseline year of 2009
was 7,398 t CO2e. In 2012, the GEA baseline year, the total GHG emissions were 6,604 t CO2e.
Approximately 3,808 t CO2e of the 2012 emissions came from City-owned facilities and sewage
pumping stations and were due to the consumption of 13,279,226 kWh of electricity and
1,241,656 m3 of natural gas.
Note that 2013 GHG emissions data is currently being compiled as tracking and monitoring
efforts continue at the City as part of the PCP program. The City-owned facility data for 2011
was submitted to the Ontario Ministry of Energy in 2013 in accordance with the requirements of
the GEA. The City-owned facility data for 2012 and 2013 will also be submitted in 2014 and
2015 respectively in order to fulfill the requirements of the GEA.
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Table 2 GHG Emissions by Sector and Year
Sector
Total GHGs (tonnes CO2e)
2009
PCP Baseline 2010 2011
2012
GEA Baseline
Buildings 4,395 4,430 4,031 3,679
Sewage Collection and Pumping
126 137 115 129
Street Lighting 828 1,030 684 765
Vehicles 1,772 1,633 1,787 1,623
Small Engines 45 42 42 70
Waste 232 234 276 337
Total 7,398 7,506 6,935 6,604
4.5 Methodology
The methods used to develop the City of Cambridge’s GHG inventories are in keeping with the
PCP best practices and guidance17. To quantify GHG emissions in the identified sectors, the
International Government GHG Emissions Analysis Protocol (IEAP) was utilized as the
preferred inventory guidance document for municipalities participating in the PCP program18.
An ‘operational control’ approach was utilized to complete the GHG emissions inventories. This
approach requires that the City of Cambridge account for emissions from every source of which
it implements operating control or policies. The inventories include all sources of GHG
emissions occurring within the city’s organizational boundaries.
A more comprehensive description of the methods and assumptions used to develop the
inventories may be found in the document entitled The City of Cambridge Corporate
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory and Forecast completed in 201219.
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5.0 Potential Future State
5.1 GHG Emissions Forecast
The forecast year chosen for the City was 2019, based on the PCP best practice of choosing a
forecast year 10 years from the PCP baseline year (2009).
The business as usual forecast (BAU) scenario was developed using predictions of changes to
local government operations and infrastructure found within the City’s Master Plan and capital
budgets. City staff provided further information on other initiatives or potential growth that
would have an effect on City operations. Figure 2 illustrates the forecasted emissions for the
City of Cambridge corporate operations. The BAU emissions are forecasted to be approximately
8,400 tonnes CO2e in 2019. Figure 2 also shows the City of Cambridge’s GHG emission
inventory trends from 2009 to 2012. Between 2009 to 2012, the City’s total GHG emissons have
decreased from 7,400 in 2009 to 6,600 tonnes CO2e in 2012, which represents a 11% decrease.
Figure 2 City of Cambridge GHG Emissions and Forecast by Sector under the BAU Scenario
The BAU forecast only takes into consideration those actions that are currently planned, with no
energy efficiency modifications or policy changes. The forecast is a snapshot of what could occur
to City operational emissions if everything were to remain status quo. The following
assumptions were made as part of the forecast:
Electricity and natural gas use will increase in proportion to the square footage increase
in proposed building expansions to the existing stock City facilities;
Quantity of waste at City of Cambridge facilities will increase by the same percentage as
the overall City population growth;
June 2014 15
Energy for street lighting will increase by growth associated with Greenfield
Development; and,
The City’s vehicle fleet will increase by ten light duty vehicles.20
5.2 Proposed Reduction Target for the City of Cambridge
The PCP recommends a corporate target of 20% below baseline emissions. The PCP also
suggests a 10-year target to allow time for implementation. Based on the calculations in
Section 6.0 of this report, a reduction target below the PCP baseline year (2009) of at least
6% by 2019 is achievable by the City, if all the discussed initiatives are implemented. This
emissions reduction target translates into a 1,443 t CO2e (or 17% reduction) below the projected
2019 GHG emissions level. Figure 3 illustrates the actual, forecast and target emissions
between 2009 and 2019. As of 2012, the actual GHG emissions were below BAU and the target
GHG emissions, so the City is on track to achieving its reduction commitments.
Figure 3 City of Cambridge GHG Emissions and Forecast by Sector under the BAU Scenario
June 2014 16
6.0 Corporate GHG Reduction (Energy Management) Plan Recognizing the importance of stakeholder engagement to generate support for the actions
outlined in this Plan and to create a foundation for its realization, the City hosted an Action
Planning Workshop at City Hall on June 6, 2013 and invited members of the GHG Reduction
Team and members of the Sustainability Task Force to participate. Stantec, the City’s external
partner for the development of its GHG inventory and forecast facilitated this workshop. The
objectives of the workshop were three-fold:
a) To provide the City of Cambridge with the tools to support the development of a desired
vision,
b) To brainstorm energy conservation and GHG reduction measures/initiatives for the City
to implement, and
c) To evaluate and prioritize measures/initiatives using an evaluation matrix (Figure 4)
and evaluation criteria (Table 3).
Figure 4 High Level Evaluation Matrix for Energy and GHG Reduction Measures/Initiatives
June 2014 17
Table 3 Evaluation Criteria for Proposed GHG Reduction Measures
IMPACT: Energy & GHG Reductions
and Other Co-Benefits
LOW HIGH
- Reductions in GHG emissions may
affect only a small portion of the
City’s corporate inventory
- Reductions in GHG emissions may
depend on individual behavioural
change and may not be guaranteed
or lasting
- Reductions in GHG emissions may
not be directly linked to a specific
measure/initiative
- Few co-benefits may result from
the implementation of the
measure/initiative. Co-benefits
include improved energy
efficiency, air quality, and
visibility.
- Reductions in GHG emissions are
substantial and represent a large
portion of the City’s corporate
inventory
- Reductions in GHG emissions are
based on a major technological or
policy change and cannot,
therefore, be easily reversed
- Co-benefits associated with GHG
emissions reductions are
substantial.
EFFORT: Resources (Time & Costs)
LOW HIGH
- The measure/initiative does not
require much, if any, additional
staff time or funds to implement
- Any staff time required to
implement a specific
measure/initiative is limited to
either a one-time effort or a few
hours on an ongoing basis
- Any funding required to
implement a specific
measure/initiative can be covered
by existing budgets, or, if securing
additional funding is required, the
likelihood of doing so is considered
very high
- Shorter timeframes are required
for implementation
- Full time human resources are
required to implement the specific
measure/initiative – for example,
one full time equivalent person or
more for an extended period of
time (e.g., a year or more)
- Outside expertise (e.g.,
consultants) are required to
implement the specific
measure/initiative
- Major financial support is required
- Longer timeframes are required
for implementation
June 2014 18
6.1 Summary of Proposed Measures to Achieve Reduction Target
The City has identified several actions it can implement over a 10 (and in one case 30) year
planning horizon to achieve its GHG reductions goal. The proposed actions are outlined in
Table 4. To estimate the energy, cost and GHG reductions/savings, various assumptions were
undertaken to provide the City with a range of potential energy and GHG savings associated
with each action. It should be noted that these savings are estimates, and are based on industry
best practices and available data. The actual savings observed by the City will be largely
dependent on the type of equipment purchased, the fuel efficiency of new vehicles (as well as
maintenance) and the actual consumption of energy by the equipment. In the savings estimates,
each quantifiable action has been estimated within a range (minimum and maximum) based on
actual City data and available data for estimations.
June 2014 19
Table 4 Summary of Energy & GHG Reduction Measures
Proposed Energy /
GHG Reduction
Measure
Description
Applicability
to Regulations
/ Programs
Implementation Time Frame
GEA PCP Short Term
(1 – 5 years)
Medium Term
(5 – 10 years)
Long Term
(10+ years)
Buildings
ECMs & WCMs from
detailed assessments
Implementation of select ECMs and WCMs
identified during detailed energy & water
assessments of 24 Corporate Facilities (e.g.,
installation of programmable thermostats
and occupancy sensors; upgrading existing
natural gas-fired units with higher efficiency
units; upgrading lighting to more energy-
efficient alternatives)
(229
measures
implemented
by 2019)
Occupancy Policy
Developing an overarching policy and
building control standards based upon
building occupancy to reduce the heating
and cooling of unoccupied areas.
(policy &
implementa-
tion)
(ongoing
implementation)
(ongoing
implementa-
tion)
Street Lighting
Streetlight Conversion
Program &
Development of New
Streetlighting Standard
Convert existing City-owned street lights to
higher efficiency lighting (e.g., LEDs,
induction) and developing a street lighting
standard for new City developments.
June 2014 20
Proposed Energy /
GHG Reduction
Measure
Description
Applicability
to Regulations
/ Programs
Implementation Time Frame
GEA PCP Short Term
(1 – 5 years)
Medium Term
(5 – 10 years)
Long Term
(10+ years)
Sewage Collection & Pumping
Pumping Station
Upgrades
Upgrade pumping stations in accordance
with energy conservation measures
identified in energy assessment reports (e.g.,
installation of variable frequency drives
VFDs on pumps).
Reduce Operation of
Diesel Generators
Reduce pumping station runtimes of diesel
generators by half.
Corporate Waste
Waste Management
Develop strategies to improve corporate
waste management and increase diversion
rates across select corporate facilities.
Fleet
Fleet Right Sizing and
Fleet Pooling
Assess current fleet vehicles and see where
efficiencies can be made with purchasing
new vehicles based on needs and uses.
Fuel Cells Look at fuel cell technology and its
applicability in the City’s fleet
Alternative
Technologies
Look at a pilot project that would explore
the use of alternative technologies including
biodiesel, natural gas and propane.
June 2014 21
Proposed Energy /
GHG Reduction
Measure
Description
Applicability
to Regulations
/ Programs
Implementation Time Frame
GEA PCP Short Term
(1 – 5 years)
Medium Term
(5 – 10 years)
Long Term
(10+ years)
Eco Driver Training
Provide City staff with the opportunity to
take an on-line green driving course that
would help to reduce fuel consumption
throughout the fleet.
(initiation of
training
program for
existing staff)
(ongoing
implementation)
(ongoing
implementa-
tion)
Other
Tree Canopy
Improvement
Inventory and increase the City’s tree
canopy.
(completion
of existing
canopy
inventory)
(ongoing
implementation
over 30 year
planting period)
(ongoing
implementa-
tion over 30
year planting
period)
June 2014 22
6.1.1 Buildings
On average, Canadian buildings are responsible for 33% of all energy used, 50% of natural
resources consumed, 12% of nonindustrial water used, 25% of landfill waste generated, 10% of
airborne particulates produced and 35% of greenhouses gasses emitted within a community21.
As such, the construction and operation of buildings is a major area of focus for energy and GHG
reduction strategies.
During its Action Planning Workshop in June 2013, the City identified four (4) main areas of
opportunity to mitigate energy use and GHG emissions across their portfolio of buildings. These
strategies include the installation of programmable thermostats and building automation
systems, upgrading existing natural gas-fired equipment with high efficiency equipment,
developing and implementing an occupancy policy, and upgrading lighting fixtures throughout
City owned and managed facilities. Since the Action Planning Workshop, the City commissioned
detailed energy and water assessments for 24 of its facilities and a range of additional energy
and water conservation measures were identified, in addition to the original measures brought
forward by the City during the Action Planning Workshop. The original four (4) opportunity
areas identified by the City, as well as estimated total emissions savings, are highlighted in the
sections that follow.
A. Programmable Thermostats & Building Automation Systems (BAS)
The City of Cambridge plans to install programmable thermostats and Building Automation
Systems (BAS) for heating and cooling where appropriate, to optimize efficiencies in city owned
and managed facilities. Programmable thermostats can reduce energy consumption and
improve comfort, convenience and operational efficiencies. A BAS, or intelligent control system,
that regulates the mechanical systems in a building such as chillers and boilers, allows for
greater control and monitoring of building operations; better enables operators to quickly see,
diagnose and fix operational issues; enables the generation of reports used for tracking
consumption and the general operational status of facilities; improves operational efficiencies,
thus saving energy and
lowering CO2e emissions; and
allows for the collection and
storage of data pertaining to
energy consumption in
buildings to show
consumption trends over
time. The cost and level of
effort required in
implementing these measures across city owned and managed facilities are considerable, but the
results in terms of energy and GHG emissions reductions are significant. Due to the level of
effort required to implement this initiative, and the level of impact expected to be achieved, this
initiative is considered transformational in nature. The City plans to begin implementing these
upgrades in facilities that consume the highest amount of electricity and cost the most to
operate. Other facilities will also be selected based on additional factors such as occupancy and
building use. Starting in 2014, the City aims to retrofit at least one building per year with these
June 2014 23
upgrades depending on available funding. Funding proposed for these upgrades is existing
capital budgets and savings accrued from other energy efficiency measures.
B. Natural Gas Upgrades
The City plans to upgrade
existing natural gas fired
units and furnaces with high
efficiency units (97.1%
efficiency ratings) over a 10
year period, beginning in
2014. Reducing natural gas
consumption is a significant
means by which to improve a
building’s emissions profile, with the improvement most readily achieve in thermal applications
such as natural gas space heating and water heating. Buildings with older natural gas or oil fired
boilers and furnaces can substantially improve efficiency and lower emissions by upgrading this
equipment to newer, more efficient models22. This particular initiative is considered
transformational for the City, due to the expected costs and time associated with its
implementation, and due to the significant results that are expected to be achieved in terms of
energy and GHG reductions. The City estimates upgrading existing natural gas fired equipment
within its facilities could cost upwards of $2 million over a 10-year period. The City proposes to
fund this initiative using gas tax monies.
C. Occupancy Policy
In addition to some of the more concrete, equipment-related measures the City is planning to
implement within its facilities, the City is planning to develop an overarching policy and
building control standards based upon building occupancy to reduce the heating and cooling of
unoccupied areas. Many buildings are unoccupied on weekends, yet the City continues to heat
and cool these spaces. The City plans to establish a standard for reducing heating and cooling of
unoccupied spaces, in addition to establishing set points during occupied hours. The City
expects that some research will be required to determine best practices/the appropriateness of
certain standards for specific building types. For instance, City buildings and workshops will
likely require a different standard for arenas and pools that have quite different heating and
cooling requirements. Therefore, the City’s policy and standards for heating and cooling will
consider these unique requirements, and will take into account what the heating, ventilation and
air conditioning (HVAC) equipment requires to operate optimally. Recognizing that staff will
need to be made aware of any changes that may impact their workspaces and comfort levels, the
City plans to implement an occupant engagement/educational program to improve knowledge
and support for these initiatives. This initiative is expected to take a high level of effort to
implement, mainly due to the occupant engagement/educational component but the expected
results in terms of energy and GHG emissions reductions is also expected to be quite high. In
terms of timelines, the City plans to implement the occupant engagement/educational
component of this initiative by the first quarter in 2014.
June 2014 24
D. Facility Lighting Upgrade
Lighting is an important issue
to address in terms of
minimizing overall energy
consumption and reducing
GHG emissions from building
operations. While much of a
building’s energy
consumption can be
attributed to space heating,
lighting is also a major electricity consumer within buildings. Energy Star, for example, has
indicated that about 35% of the electricity used in commercial buildings is directly attributed to
lighting systems; lighting makes up the greatest portion of a building’s electricity bill and a
significant portion of a building’s overall energy bill23. The City realizes that upgrading lighting
systems in buildings is a good way to reduce overall energy consumption and associated GHG
emissions. Lighting retrofits can also improve the visual comfort and can even affect the sizing
of HVAC and other electrical systems as lighting systems not only produce light, but they can
also produce significant amounts of heat. The heat produced by lighting systems is typically the
largest source of waste heat (referred to as heat gain). Heat gain can be helpful when the
building requires heating, but can be detrimental when the building requires cooling. More
efficient lighting systems can help to reduce cooling loads as well as ongoing operational costs
and reducing GHG emissions. The City plans to upgrade lighting in its 10 highest consuming
buildings over a 10 year period. It is proposed that this initiative will be funded through
municipal reserves and hydro rebates.
E. Other Energy and Water Conservation Measures
After the staff workshop convened in June 2013, the City commissioned detailed energy and
water assessments for 24 City owned and managed facilities. The assessments revealed a
number of additional ECMs and WCMs for the City’s consideration, all of which are highlighted
in Appendix B. Measures include the following:
Building envelope upgrades such as increasing insulation on exterior doors, repairing
weather-stripping, sealing and insulating operable windows, replacing single-pane
windows;
Replacing rooftop units;
Implementing demand control ventilation;
Installing building automation systems (BAS);
Installing high efficiency boilers and controls, as well as high-efficiency domestic hot
water (DHW) heaters;
Installing occupancy sensors for lights and thermostats, as well as programmable
thermostats;
Upgrading existing water fixtures to low-flow alternatives (e.g., showerheads, toilets,
urinals);
June 2014 25
Installing variable frequency drives (VFDs) on pumps, make-up air (MUA) units, and
cooling tower fans; and
Converting existing lights to LEDs and/or other higher-efficiency fixtures.
6.1.2 Street Lighting
The City has identified a two-pronged approach it can take to reduce energy and GHG emissions
associated with street lighting. First, the City is planning to convert existing City-owned street
lights to higher efficiency lighting (e.g., LEDs, induction) over a 5-year period. The total
number of streetlights operated by the City of Cambridge in 2009 was approximately 9,670.
The City would look to convert the existing streetlights to more efficient lights. The
conversions would take place over a five-year period, with approximately 2,000 fixtures being
upgraded each year. Upgrading existing streetlights to more efficient alternatives can improve
efficiencies and reduce costs by approximately 30 – 50%24. The estimated costs of the project
are to be determined upon the development of a business case, which will consider:
A one-to-one conversion of existing streetlights to more efficient lights;
Approximately 10,000 lamps to be converted over a 5 year time period; and
Explore opportunities such as:
o A co-operative tender with another municipality for new fixtures, and
o Grants and other funding options.
Using an estimate of a 30 to 50% reduction on a street light conversion program, the City could
see annual GHG reductions (after all lights had been converted) from 305 to 508 tonnes of
CO2e, based annual energy being reduced from 2-3 million kilo Watt hours. The City could
potentially annually save $160,000 to $270,000 annually after all the lights have been
converted.
Without action on conversion
of streetlights, it is evident from
discussions with Cambridge’s
GHG Reduction Team that with
the increasing costs of
electricity, operating costs in
the City will be on the rise as
will the City’s GHG emissions.
As this initiative has a
significant impact on GHG reduction activities, even if the minimum amount of GHG reductions
are achieved through this the City will achieve a 4% emission reduction from its total 2009 PCP
baseline.
Second, the City will develop a streetlighting standard and resulting policy for the installation of
new, higher-efficient streetlights in new developments throughout the City. This part of the
initiative entails reviewing available high-efficiency lighting options, exploring how
development charges may need to be updated to accommodate the installation of more efficient
June 2014 26
options, writing a policy to reflect the new standard and ensuring all new developments adhere
to this standard.
There are already existing standards for street lighting that the City can build on, such as the
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), along with the International Dark-
Sky Association standards. Opportunities associated with the development and implementation
of a street lighting standards for new developments include future developments that are more
sustainable/energy-efficient, improved return on investment, reduced maintenance costs,
reduced energy costs, and reduced GHG emissions.
6.1.3 Sewage Collection and Pumping
The City has identified two initiatives to implement to reduce energy and GHG emissions
associated with the operations of the pumping stations owned and operated by the City.
A. Pumping Station Upgrades
The City plans to upgrade all 16 city-owned and operated pumping stations over a 10-year
period in accordance with energy conservation measures identified in energy assessment
reports, which are scheduled for completion in 2014. The City anticipates that the installation of
variable frequency drives (VFDs) on pumps will be one of the greatest opportunities to reduce
energy within the pumping stations. The City estimates such upgrades will cost about $320,000
to complete, plus the cost of VFDs which can range anywhere from $2,600 to $27,000
depending on horsepower, plus ancillary equipment.
The City proposes to fund this
initiative using existing
capital reserves. The City will
also investigate available
grants from local utility
providers.
Upgrading the City’s pumping
stations with VFDs and other
energy conservation measures is expected to result in potential savings of 28 tonnes of carbon
dioxide emissions, 234,833 kWh of electricity, and approximately $24,423 per year. The
maximum savings that could be achieved would be in the order of 47 tonnes of carbon dioxide
emissions, 391,388 kWh of electricity and $40,704 per year. Emissions reduction savings from
VFDs are through a reduction in electricity usage during regular pump use. The US Department
of Energy notes that energy savings between 30 and 50% are achievable by replacing existing,
older technology pumps, with VFDs25.
June 2014 27
B. Reduce Pumping Station Emergency Generator Runtimes
In addition to upgrading City-
owned and operated pumping
stations with energy and
water saving technologies
such as VFDs, the City has
recently implemented plans
to reduce pumping station
runtimes across all 16
pumping stations. In the past,
the City has tested its
emergency generators twice
per month, for approximately
two hours per test, which is
above and beyond what is
required. The City has now
reduced testing to once per
month in order to cut diesel use in half and reduce GHG emissions. This initiative did not
require any funding to implement, rather, this was a change in operational processes only. The
City implemented this operational change in 2013.
While savings associated with this initiative are relatively insignificant compared with several of
the initiatives the City is planning to implement (5.4 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions,
1,942 litres of diesel, and $2,369 cost savings), reviewing and revising operating
practices/procedures on a regular basis to find efficiencies is good practice. Therefore,
implementing this initiative is less about actual GHG reductions, and more about generating
awareness that every action/process has associated impacts which can be reduced through
regular review processes.
6.1.4 Corporate Waste
The City of Cambridge plans to develop strategies to improve corporate waste management and
increase waste diversion rates at select City owned and managed facilities. For this initiative, the
City will first focus on larger facilities – for example those over 60,000 square feet such as City
Hall, Hespeler Memorial Arena, Galt Arena Gardens and the Transportation & Public Works
Service Building. Over time, waste diversion rates at smaller facilities will also be examined and
strategies put in place to improve performance in this area will be implemented.
From an implementation standpoint, the City plans to conduct comprehensive 2-day audits for
the four largest buildings in 2014. Recommended actions to improve diversion rates will
subsequently be implemented over a 5-year period. The City plans to have these audits repeated
on an annual basis to track diversion rates and measure progress against the baseline year.
Diversion rates of at least 70% or higher will be considered successful.
June 2014 28
6.1.5 Fleet
The City of Cambridge owns and operates approximately 850 pieces of equipment and vehicles,
the City identified several initiatives that will assist in reducing its GHG emissions from its fleet
emission profile.
A. Fleet Right-Sizing & Fleet Pooling
Over the next 10 years, the City would like to create a more sustainable, fuel-efficient fleet using
right sizing and fleet pooling practices. The City has a total of 850 pieces of equipment, of which
150 are licensed vehicles (55 large dump trucks).
The fleet right-sizing initiative aims to replace current crew cab trucks to fuel efficient vehicles.
Over time, the goal of fleet right-sizing is to have a fleet that is more eco-friendly by using more
fuel-efficient and alternative fuels wherever possible.
The City will review intended uses of all the vehicles and over the next 10 years (starting in
2014), will look to replace vehicles with more efficient ones. The effort associated with this
initiative is not the replacement of vehicles (as this would happen regardless); it is in the
behavioral and cultural change required for City staff to embrace the principles and reasoning
behind fleet right-sizing.
Using fuel efficiency
estimates, it was calculated
that if the City of Cambridge
replaced only 50 vehicles
(F150s with a smaller pickup
such as a Toyota Tahoma),
they would save a minimum of
37 tonnes of GHGs, and if the
City replaced the same 50 trucks with a Hybrid car they would save approximately 110 tonnes of
GHGs. These GHG reductions are based solely on fuel savings. However, knowing that fuel costs
are on the rise globally, it is important to understand that operating costs will rise, and taking
action with the fleet is very important to help not only curb GHG emissions, but to also reduce
rising costs within the City’s operations.
It is also important that the City consider implementing a communications and educational plan
to assist in informing staff of the upcoming changes, and the importance of the changes to the
fleet.
Finally, as a way to better track fuel consumption in the future, the City will investigate
implementation of a fuel management system (such as a fuel card system), that will track fuel
transactions based on fuel cards associated with each vehicle.
B. Fuel Cells
As the City assesses the fleet, and goes through the process of right-sizing, the City will also
explore the use of various technologies, including fuel cell vehicles (FCV). FCV’s have the
potential to reduce the City’s dependence on and use of fuel and oil as well as to dramatically
June 2014 29
lower emissions that contribute to climate change. FCVs run on hydrogen gas as opposed to
gasoline and emit zero harmful tailpipe emissions. FCVs/other alternative fuel technologies
typically cost 20 – 30% more than today’s traditional gasoline-fueled vehicles. Despite the initial
up-front layout of funds for the compressor station plus the higher vehicle costs, substantial
costs savings can be achieved over time (no gasoline costs).
A substantial reduction in GHG emissions is likely to occur by introducing FCVs into the City’s
fleet (and eventually transforming the fleet to an FCV-based fleet).
C. Alternative Fleet Technologies
The City of Cambridge will investigate alternative technologies for fleet vehicles and identify pilot
projects (no more than 5 vehicles) to test potentially viable technologies for the City of Cambridge.
Other than Fuel Cell Vehicles – FCVs (see above), there are other fuels and technologies for the
City to consider including but not limited too; biodiesel, hybrid and plug-in vehicles, natural gas
and propone vehicles.
Furthermore, the City may wish to investigate the option of after-market conversion of vehicles
– essentially a process whereby existing gasoline fueled vehicles are retrofitted to accommodate
different fuels/power sources.
D. Eco-Driver Training
As part of the greening of any fleet, it is important for the City staff to have an understanding of
the importance of using less fuel, not only through the purchase of fuel-efficient vehicles, but by
how those vehicles are operated.
One way of accomplishing this, is
to educate staff through a green-
driver training program.
It is estimated that 3-10% fuel
savings can be accomplished when
drivers complete and implement
green driving techniques. Based
on these assumptions the City of Cambridge could save a minimum of 55 and a maximum of
185 tonnes of GHGs by providing a Green Driving course to all staff that operate fleet vehicles.
Stantec offers a customizable 25-minute on-line Eco-Driving course and Natural Resources
Canada (NRCAN) has many resources available to fleet operators.
6.1.6 Other
In addition to the proposed actions for buildings, street lighting, sewage collection and
pumping, corporate waste and fleet, the City has identified another action that it can implement
to help it achieve its GHG reduction target. This proposed action is outlined below.
June 2014 30
A. Tree Canopy Improvement
The City plans to improve its tree canopy over a 30-year period beginning in 2013. Specifically,
the City plans to complete an inventory of the current canopy, develop an urban forest plan with
canopy target and subsequently work to increase the canopy over a 30-year period. Funding
sources for this initiative will be investigated and includes capital maintenance funds and funds
from potential partnerships with community, residents and corporations (for example, a current
community initiative leverages $5 for every $1 the City funds). Numerous benefits are expected
as a result of this initiative. Benefits include:
Climate cooling: increasing the City’s tree canopy will sequester GHG emissions and
reduce energy consumption for air conditioning as trees lower ambient temperatures
and decrease the “urban heat island effect”;
Habitat preservation: provision of more habitat for birds and animal species;
Economic benefits: communities and business districts with good tree cover attracts
more industry, residents and commercial activity; higher rents (residential and
commercial space) can also be achieved;
Water quality: improvement of watershed forest cover;
Stormwater management: a healthy tree canopy contributes to stormwater management
and reduces the risk of flooding;
Aesthetics: improvement of community aesthetics;
GHG reductions: Approx. 54 tonnes of GHGs by 2020 (to be confirmed by plan);
Property values: property values increase in areas with good tree cover; and
Health benefits: trees contribute to positive mental health, remove pollutions and
provide necessary shade.26
June 2014 31
7.0 Monitoring & Measurement The City’s efforts to reduce energy and GHG emissions as a corporation will be measured
through an annual GHG inventory and through annual energy reporting from City-owned
facilities as required by the GEA, though some initiatives lend themselves to more specific
monitoring and measurement. For example, when it comes to monitoring and measuring the
outcomes of its proposed building-related initiatives, the City will track energy consumption per
building over time to monitor the effect of proposed action items such as the installation of
programmable systems (e.g., BAS and programmable thermostats). The City will also monitor
corporate waste diversion rates over time by implementing a regular waste auditing process that
will measure the success of corporate-wide waste management strategies and present additional
strategies for the City to implement in time. Success for other initiatives, such as the City’s
proposed streetlighting initiatives, will be measured based on a reduction in maintenance costs
and reduced energy consumption.
The City’s GHG Reduction Team will be responsible for presenting annual findings to Council,
and will be responsible for identifying new action items to reduce energy and GHG emissions
over time to facilitate continuous environmental improvement across City operations.
June 2014 32
Appendix A: Milestones 1, 2 and 3 Achievement Letters
June 2014 33
June 2014 34
Appendix B: Master List of Energy and Water Conservation Measures for City Owned and
Operated Facilities
Facility
Estimated Savings Total
Implement-ation Cost
($)
Simple Payback (Years)
Capital Payback (years)
Year of Imple-ment
Energy Conservation and Water Conservation Measures
Electricity (kWh)
Natural Gas (m3)
Water (m3)
Annual Total
Energy Savings ($)
Annual Tonnes
CO2e
Avoided
Galt Arena
Lighting Upgrade: Incandescent and Halogen to LED
9,541 0 0 1,137.34 1.0 3,594.22 3.2 2.9
Lighting Upgrade: 32WT8 to 25WT8 16,175 0 0 1,686.63 1.8 9,194.26 5.5 4.8
Lighting Conversion: Exterior LED's 14,283 0 0 1,152.64 1.6 14,615.89 12.7 9.6
Lighting Upgrade: Ice Pad LED Lighting with Occupancy Sensors
59,573 0 0 5,859.04 6.6 93,340.76 15.9 10.1
Replace Change Room MUA's with Packaged HRV Units
0 27,310 0 7,299.96 51.6 113,666.56 15.6 9.5
Replace AHU-1 and 2 0 3,108 0 830.67 5.9 30,167.94 36.3 8.9
Replace Furnace 0 635 0 169.75 1.2 3,220.90 19.0 13.4
Install Timer on DHWP-1 Recirculation Pump
681 45 0 66.98 0.2 571.06 8.5 7.0
Implement Full BAS 20,478 3,981 0 2,716.76 9.8 109,242.53 40.2 24.8
Water Conservation: Aerators and Low Flow Showerheads
0 1,009 623 2,406.05 1.9 1,482.45 0.6 0.6
Vending Machine Timers 2,453 0 0 197.94 0.3 251.90 1.3 1.2
Galt Arena – Facility Totals 123,184 36,088 623 23,523.76 81.8 379,348.47
Hespeler Arena
Lighting Upgrade: T12 to High Performance T8
9,229 0 0 886.77 1.0 1,743.63 2.0 1.4 2015
Lighting Upgrade: 32WT8 to 25WT8 27,696 0 0 3,053.74 3.0 21,210.05 6.9 5.9 2015
Lighting Conversion: Install LED's 3,920 0 0 631.82 0.4 1,548.07 2.5 2.3 2015
Lighting Controls: Install Occupancy Sensors
50,860 0 0 4,104.96 5.6 23,913.23 5.8 5.0 2015
Implement Floating Head Pressure Control
56,150 0 0 4,531.96 6.2 7,223.41 1.6 1.5 2015
Low-Emissivity Ceiling 130,201 0 0 10,508.65 14.3 92,778.47 8.8 7.3 2015
June 2014 35
Facility
Estimated Savings Total
Implement-ation Cost
($)
Simple Payback (Years)
Capital Payback (years)
Year of Imple-ment
Energy Conservation and Water Conservation Measures
Electricity (kWh)
Natural Gas (m3)
Water (m3)
Annual Total
Energy Savings ($)
Annual Tonnes
CO2e
Avoided Install Manual Spray Hose on Heat Recovery System
0 964 71 500.80 1.8 4,028.07 8.0 6.7 2015
Lower Flood Water Temperature 0 5,326 0 1,423.68 10.1 442.56 0.3 0.3 2015
Replace Rink 2 Chiller 53,343 0 0 4,305.36 5.9 194,350.78 45.1 10.3 2015
Install BAS 5,615 15,415 0 4,573.60 29.8 42,816.31 9.4 7.6 2015
Hespeler Arena – Facility Totals 337,015 21,705 71 34,521.33 78.1 390,054.58
Preston Arena
Lighting Upgrade: 32W T8 to 25W T8 6,969 0 0 761.37 0.8 5,145.51 6.8 5.8 2014
Lighting Controls: Install Occupancy Sensors
11,263 0 0 909.02 1.2 7,017.43 7.7 6.5 2014
Implement Floating Head Pressure Control
16,295 0 0 1,315.20 1.8 6,134.31 4.7 4.1 2014
Review Compressor Staging and Improve Sequence
13,676 0 0 1,103.80 1.5 2,713.79 2.5 2.3 2014
Implement Instantaneous Flood Water Boilers
0 1,299 0 337.64 2.5 5,304.55 15.7 11.6 2014
Replace DHW Boiler 0 2,459 0 639.22 4.6 37,420.21 0.0 18.0 2014
Replace Vinyl Curtain Separating Rink Area from Corridors with Swing Doors
0 1,445 0 375.69 2.7 3,618.75 9.6 7.8 2014
Replace Banquet Hall MAU 4,068 14,171 0 4,012.77 27.2 30,546.02 7.6 3.4 2014
Schedule lobby AHU 5,696 2,095 0 1,004.46 4.6 632.28 0.6 0.6 2014
Install Timers on Exhaust Fans 2,859 2,849 0 971.60 5.7 11,561.36 11.9 9.3 2014
Install Low Flow Urinals 0 0 49 167.86 0.0 5,831.16 0.0 21.6 2014
Replace All Weather Stripping 0 245 0 63.76 0.5 386.09 6.1 5.2 2014
Add Recirculation Loop to DHW -1,323 -1,386 39 -333.45 -2.8 9,835.69 -29.5 -16.5 2014
Repair Sump Tank Float 0 0 45 153.47 0.0 841.11 5.5 4.8 2014
Preston Arena – Facility Totals 59,503 23,177 133 11,482.42 50.4 126,988.26
Karl Homuth Arena
Lighting Upgrade: 32WT8 to 25WT8 795 0 0 104.87 0.1 479.37 4.6 4.1
Lighting Controls: Install Occupancy Sensors
1,041 0 0 114.07 0.1 2,699.01 23.7 15.7
June 2014 36
Facility
Estimated Savings Total
Implement-ation Cost
($)
Simple Payback (Years)
Capital Payback (years)
Year of Imple-ment
Energy Conservation and Water Conservation Measures
Electricity (kWh)
Natural Gas (m3)
Water (m3)
Annual Total
Energy Savings ($)
Annual Tonnes
CO2e
Avoided Implement Floating Head Pressure
Control 17,029 0 0 1,866.36 1.9 3,580.20 1.9 1.7
Lower Flood Water Temperature 0 647 0 167.12 1.2 442.56 2.6 2.4
Insulate Flood Water and DHW Piping 0 90 0 23.20 0.2 302.91 13.1 10.0
Replace Flood Water and DHW Heater Tanks
0 1,866 0 481.84 3.5 28,345.72 58.8 16.6
Lower Change Room Heating Set Point and Install Programmable Thermostat
0 565 0 145.84 1.1 718.50 4.9 4.3
Install Timer on Change Room Exhaust Fan
493 620 0 214.08 1.2 750.13 3.5 3.2
Karl Homuth Arena – Facility Totals 19,357 3,788 0 3,117.37 9.3 37,318.41
Dickson Arena
Lighting Upgrade: Replace Incandescent with CFL
12 0 0 1.32 0.0 10.78 8.2 6.8
Lighting Upgrade: 32WT8 to 25WT8 5,712 0 0 797.06 0.6 4,128.14 5.2 4.5
Lighting Controls: Install Occupancy Sensors
4,758 0 0 521.48 0.5 4,048.52 7.8 6.5
Implement Floating Head Pressure 16,960 0 0 1,858.86 1.9 6,102.80 3.3 3.0
Raise Brine Loop Temperature 10,534 0 0 1,154.57 1.2 447.87 0.4 0.4
Repair Exhaust Louver in Rink 0 0 0
0.0 101.65 0.0 0.0
Insulate DHW Piping 0 87 0 22.64 0.2 86.28 3.8 3.4
Replace DHW Heater Tanks 0 1,082 0 281.28 2.0 9,512.76 33.8 17.7
Replace Furnaces 0 1,697 0 441.10 3.2 4,864.52 11.0 8.1
Vending Machine Timers 1,285 0 0 140.81 0.1 91.60 0.7 0.6
Water Conservation: Install Low Flow Showerheads
0 496 166 697.30 0.9 289.87 0.4 0.4
Dickson Arena – Facility Totals 39,262 3,361 166 5,916.41 10.7 29,684.79
Duncan McIntosh Arena
Lighting Upgrade: 32WT8 to 25WT8 9,012 0 0 1,124.53 1.0 3,950.53 3.5 3.2
Lighting Controls: Install Occupancy Sensors
15,257 0 0 1,672.17 1.7 7,017.43 4.2 3.7
Floating Head Pressure 17,641 0 0 1,933.49 1.9 3,580.20 1.9 1.7
June 2014 37
Facility
Estimated Savings Total
Implement-ation Cost
($)
Simple Payback (Years)
Capital Payback (years)
Year of Imple-ment
Energy Conservation and Water Conservation Measures
Electricity (kWh)
Natural Gas (m3)
Water (m3)
Annual Total
Energy Savings ($)
Annual Tonnes
CO2e
Avoided
VFD on Cooling Tower Fan 8,298 0 0 909.50 0.9 10,303.82 11.3 8.9
Implement Instantaneous Flood Water System
0 892 0 146.79 1.7 11,931.98 81.3 30.9
Vending Machine Timers 1,402 0 0 153.62 0.2 45.80 0.3 0.3
Replace Furnaces with High Efficiency Condensing Furnaces (F-1, 2, 3 and 5)
0 5,622 0 1,479.83 10.6 21,408.35 14.5 10.9
Install Low Flow Showerheads 0 670 167 748.59 1.3 362.33 0.5 0.5
Install High Efficiency Condensing Heater Tank
0 495 0 130.36 0.9 25,151.55 192.9 37.2
Duncan McIntosh Arena – Facility Totals 51,610 7,680 167 8,298.87 20.2 83,751.99
David Durward & CFA
Lighting Upgrade: T12 to T8 High Performance System
3,184 0 0 446.51 0.9 5,535.34 12.4 2.0 2015
Lighting Upgrade: LEDs 50,546 0 0 6,425.35 14.4 13,673.19 2.1 2.0 2015
Lighting Upgrade: 32W T8 to 25W T8 6,187 0 0 920.06 1.8 2,683.66 2.9 3.0 2015
Lighting Controls: Occupancy Sensors 29,294 0 0 3,210.59 8.3 10,215.40 3.2 3.0 2015
Lighting Controls: Install Photocells for Daylighting
1,570 0 0 172.07 0.4 591.17 3.4 3.1 2015
Insulate Piping 0 266 0 61.18 0.6 222.99 3.6 3.3 2015
Install Low Flow Water Fixtures 0 0 55 188.65 0.0 916.99 4.9 4.0 2015
Install VFD on P-3 9,636 0 0 1,056.14 2.7 7,935.23 4.5 5.0 2015
Install Thermostatic Control in Penthouse Rooms
0 769 0 176.83 1.6 1,423.90 8.1 6.7 2015
Install VFD on Cooling Tower Fan 7,276 0 0 797.47 2.1 11,220.02 14.1 7.0 2015
Seal Boiler Vent Riser in Penthouse 52 287 0 71.72 0.6 743.86 10.4 8.3 2015
Upgrade Temperature Control 5,860 4,914 0 1,772.56 12.0 23,213.69 13.1 10.0 2015
Replace MUA-1 11,123 6,716 0 2,827.00 17.2 111,410.71 39.4 13.3 2015
Replace DHW Heater Tank 0 1,214 0 279.32 2.5 9,379.42 33.6 13.5 2015
Install De-Stratification Fan in Toyota Room
0 1,577 0 362.80 3.3 7,214.40 19.9 13.8 2015
June 2014 38
Facility
Estimated Savings Total
Implement-ation Cost
($)
Simple Payback (Years)
Capital Payback (years)
Year of Imple-ment
Energy Conservation and Water Conservation Measures
Electricity (kWh)
Natural Gas (m3)
Water (m3)
Annual Total
Energy Savings ($)
Annual Tonnes
CO2e
Avoided
Replace Boiler 0 2,592 0 596.16 5.4 82,312.95 138.1 14.7 2015
Install Building Automation System 5,199 1,436 0 899.98 4.5 33,340.92 37.0 23.0 2015
Install Demand Control Ventilation 6,433 3,964 0 1,616.81 10.1 95,703.18 55.7 36.1 2015
David Durward & CFA – Facility Totals 136,360 23,735 55 21,881.19 88.5 417,737.02
WG Johnson Pool
Lighting Controls: Install Occupancy Sensors
30,881 0 0 3,384.56 3.4 9,896.37 2.9 2.7
Lighting Upgrade: 32WT8 to 25WT8 5,478 0 0 725.80 0.6 2,953.84 4.1 3.6
Seal and Insulate Fan Housing 2,677 0 0 293.35 0.3 1,228.49 4.2 3.7
Replace Rooftop Equipment 7,987 14,376 0 4,804.05 28.1 231,381.50 48.2 5.2
Re-Commission BAS 9,163 506 0 1,135.84 2.0 8,010.38 7.1 6.0
Replace Tank Toilets 0 0 142 486.20 0.0 5,029.43 10.3 8.3
Replace Heating Boilers 0 7,710 0 2,004.48 14.6 94,988.45 47.4 8.3
Install De-Stratification Fans in Gym 375 1,814 0 512.74 3.5 6,351.85 12.4 9.6
Install VFD on P-20 & 21 2,561 0 0 280.65 0.3 5,553.08 19.8 9.6
Replace Slide Pump 1,000 0 0 109.60 0.1 7,715.74 70.4 29.7
WG Johnson Pool – Facility Totals 60,122 24,405 142 13,737.27 52.8 373,109.12
John Dolson Pool
Brick Up West Windows in Link 0 578 0 144.24 1.1 15,341.85 106.4 0.9
Lighting Upgrade: 32WT8 to 25WT8 31,305 0 0 4,041.63 3.4 12,370.32 3.1 2.8
Install VFD on Pool Pump 34,339 0 0 4,260.17 3.8 16,565.46 3.9 3.5
Insulate Heating Hot Water Pipe 0 318 0 79.40 0.6 316.73 4.0 3.6
Install Programmable Thermostat in Vestibule
0 220 0 54.87 0.4 280.70 5.1 4.5
Install Vending Machine Motion Sensor 836 0 0 91.64 0.1 503.98 5.5 4.8
Lighting Controls: Install Occupancy Sensors
7,695 0 0 843.41 0.8 5,440.65 6.5 5.5
Re-Balance Pool Ventilation 92 3,291 0 860.30 6.2 5,840.49 6.8 5.8
Replace RTU and Increase Sizing 0 267 0 66.53 0.5 18,332.86 275.6 8.6
June 2014 39
Facility
Estimated Savings Total
Implement-ation Cost
($)
Simple Payback (Years)
Capital Payback (years)
Year of Imple-ment
Energy Conservation and Water Conservation Measures
Electricity (kWh)
Natural Gas (m3)
Water (m3)
Annual Total
Energy Savings ($)
Annual Tonnes
CO2e
Avoided
Re-Seal Envelope 33 201 0 53.86 0.4 840.42 15.6 9.0
Install Building Automation System 11,426 2,644 0 2,545.19 6.3 74,344.34 29.2 16.2
John Dolson Pool – Facility Totals 85,726 7,520 0 13,041.22 23.7 150,177.80
Transportation and Public Works
Water Conservation: Replace Remaining High Flow Tank Toilets with Dual Flush Units, Install Ultra Low Flow Faucet Aerators
0 321 172 675.35 0.6 1,108.73 1.6 1.5
Install Programmable Thermostats: Welding Shop
0 454 0 121.75 0.9 440.00 3.6 3.3
Capital Upgrade: Replace RTU-54 and RTU-57
506 232 0 110.62 0.5 58,549.15 529.3 4.9
Building Envelope: Replace Weather Stripping Around Entrances and Service Bay Doors
0 589 0 157.93 1.1 1,387.38 8.8 7.2
Install BAS, Implement Demand Control Ventilation
3,595 10,745 0 3,223.40 20.7 116,315.49 36.1 18.6
Transportation and Public Works – Facility Totals 4,100 12,343 172 4,289.06 23.8 177,800.75
City Hall
Re-Commission S-5 MUA Unit for Adherence to ASHRAE Ventilation Standards
0 5,462 0 1,420.05 10.3 3,973.59 2.8 2.6
Implement Optimal Start/Stop of S-5 MUA
3,128 2,772 0 973.04 5.6 3,328.07 3.4 3.1
Control Vestibule Temperature Through BAS
0 1,166 0 303.11 2.2 4,358.18 14.4 9.7
Boiler Upgrade: Install Linkageless Controls
0 3,194 0 830.43 6.0 37,950.00 45.7 28.1
Building Envelope: Adjust Vestibule Doors, Replace Weather-stripping
0 38 0 9.83 0.1 491.62 50.0 30.6
City Hall – Facility Totals 3,128 12,631 0 3,536.45 24.2 50,101.47
Historic City Hall
Lighting Upgrade: Install LED Exit Signs 629 0 0 60.13 0.1 125.88 2.1 1.9
Lighting Upgrade: T12 to High Performance T8
3,348 0 0 320.07 0.4 5,720.10 17.9 6.3
Install High Efficiency Boilers and Controls
0 2,243 0 583.00 4.2 64,424.00 107.1 10.6
June 2014 40
Facility
Estimated Savings Total
Implement-ation Cost
($)
Simple Payback (Years)
Capital Payback (years)
Year of Imple-ment
Energy Conservation and Water Conservation Measures
Electricity (kWh)
Natural Gas (m3)
Water (m3)
Annual Total
Energy Savings ($)
Annual Tonnes
CO2e
Avoided
Install first floor storm windows 0 1,843 0 479.00 3.5 8,137.00 17.0 12.3
Lighting Conversion: Install LED's 187 0 0 18.00 0.0 328.00 18.3 13.0
Install Demand Control Ventilation 0 4,337 0 1,128.00 8.2 20,687.00 18.3 13.0
Install BAS 1,182 631 0 277.00 1.3 57,488.00 207.4 123.9
Historic City Hall – Facility Totals 5,346 9,054 0 2,865.20 17.6 156,909.98
Old Fire Hall
Insulate DHW Tank and Piping 467 0 0 46.70 0.1 185.25 4.0 3.6
Lighting Upgrade: Incandescent to CFL 777 0 0 77.70 0.1 432.89 5.6 4.9
Re-Insulate Attic 4,609 0 0 460.95 0.5 2,819.18 6.1 5.3
Seal/Insulate Wall Joints 1,066 0 0 106.57 0.1 660.54 6.2 5.3
Lighting Upgrade: T12 to High Performance T8
2,188 0 0 218.80 0.2 5,132.94 23.5 7.9
Replace Heating and Cooling Systems 37,023 -202 0 3,650.02 3.7 101,997.68 27.9 10.2
Old Fire Hall – Facility Totals 46,130 -202 0 4,560.74 4.7 111,228,48
Market Building
Replace Unit Heaters 0 731 0 182.89 1.4 23,654.38 129.3 1.0
Replace Thermostats 2,237 952 0 452.04 2.0 2,034.35 4.5 4.0
Insulate DHW Tanks and Piping 914 0 0 87.39 0.1 586.04 6.7 5.7
Lighting Upgrade: T12 to High Performance T8
3,884 0 0 371.31 0.4 7,406.19 19.9 6.9
Replace DHW Heater Tanks 9,461 -1,049 0 642.11 -0.9 20,558.65 32.0 10.0
Lighting Conversion: Install LED's 303 0 0 28.97 0.0 351.67 12.1 9.4
Refurbish Windows 30 1,234 0 311.56 2.3 16,424.06 52.7 26.3
Market Building – Facility Totals 16,829 1,868 0 2,076.26 5.4 71,015.34
Cambridge Arts Theatre
Install Fridge Timer 4,194 0 0 335.52 0.5 329.88 1.0 0.9
Lighting Upgrade: LED Exit Signs 8,177 0 0 718.18 0.9 1,707.57 2.4 2.1
Lighting Upgrade: Incandescent to CFL 3,871 0 0 404.06 0.4 1,262.75 3.1 2.9
Replace Exhaust Fans 50 10 0 6.30 0.0 491.77 78.1 3.1
June 2014 41
Facility
Estimated Savings Total
Implement-ation Cost
($)
Simple Payback (Years)
Capital Payback (years)
Year of Imple-ment
Energy Conservation and Water Conservation Measures
Electricity (kWh)
Natural Gas (m3)
Water (m3)
Annual Total
Energy Savings ($)
Annual Tonnes
CO2e
Avoided
Insulate Water Tank and Piping 690 0 0 55.21 0.1 217.22 3.9 3.5
Lighting Conversion: Install LED's 16,031 0 0 1,579.48 1.8 6,348.12 4.0 3.6
Reduce Combustion Air Duct Size 193 60 0 29.37 0.1 161.89 5.5 4.8
Install Occupancy Sensor Thermostats 1,182 764 0 270.32 1.6 2,821.88 10.4 8.3
Lighting Upgrade: T12 to High Performance T8
830 0 0 84.22 0.1 2,114.13 25.1 8.4
Install Demand Control Ventilation 82 1,174 0 276.57 2.2 3,203.68 11.6 9.1
Lighting Controls: Install Occupancy Sensors
558 0 0 44.61 0.1 539.80 12.1 9.4
Install Door Sweeps and Weather Stripping
2 50 0 11.64 0.1 142.25 12.2 9.5
Water Fixtures Upgrade 0 0 9 30.77 0.0 422.89 13.7 10.4
Cambridge Arts Theatre – Facility Totals 35,680 2,058 9 3,846.24 7.8 19,763.83
Fire Department 1 - Main
Install Ultra Low Flow Faucet Aerators 0 2 166 570.87 0.0 150.65 0.3 0.3
Operate Existing Destratification Fans -596 344 0 24.40 0.6 38.95 1.6 1.5
Lighting Upgrade: T12 to High Performance T8
19,025 0 0 2,491.79 2.1 11,401.88 4.6 1.7
Lighting Controls: Install Occupancy Sensors
35,781 0 0 3,921.59 3.9 8,366.93 2.1 2.0
Lighting Upgrade: LED exit signs 822 0 0 102.76 0.1 262.70 2.6 2.3
Lighting Conversion: Incandescent and Halogen to LED
9,922 0 0 1,244.54 1.1 2,997.09 2.4 2.2
Lighting Upgrade: 32WT8 to 25WT8 6,142 0 0 813.78 0.7 3,020.09 3.7 3.3
Capital Upgrade EOL: Replace Rooftop Unit
386 302 0 121.23 0.6 24,481.09 201.9 3.9
Insulate Exposed DHW Piping (Basement)
0 94 0 24.59 0.2 110.67 4.5 4.0
Lighting Upgrade: Install T5HO in Apparatus Room
6,901 0 0 856.43 0.8 4,250.94 5.0 4.4
Install Automated Bay Doors 0 2,609 0 681.44 4.9 5,249.75 7.7 6.4
June 2014 42
Facility
Estimated Savings Total
Implement-ation Cost
($)
Simple Payback (Years)
Capital Payback (years)
Year of Imple-ment
Energy Conservation and Water Conservation Measures
Electricity (kWh)
Natural Gas (m3)
Water (m3)
Annual Total
Energy Savings ($)
Annual Tonnes
CO2e
Avoided Install High Efficiency DHW Heater (Basement)
0 582 0 152.07 1.1 28,798.06 189.4 21.4
Fuel Conversion: Install Gas Fired Furnace in Maintenance Office
1,042 -116 0 83.92 -0.1 7,417.61 88.4 53.4
Fire Department 1 – Main – Facility Totals 79,425 3,817 166 11,098.40 16 96,546.40
Fire Department 2 and Hespeler Centre
Lighting Upgrade: CFLs 68 0 0 6.50 0.0 3.71 0.6 0.5
Lighting Upgrade: T12 to High Performance T8
9,546 0 0 912.60 1.1 2,809.06 3.1 1.7
Insulate Exposed Heating Hot Water Piping in Boiler Room
0 317 0 81.84 0.6 216.51 2.6 2.4
Lighting Upgrade: 32WT8 to 25WT8 3,454 0 0 330.20 0.4 1,090.23 3.3 3.0
Building Envelope: Install/Repair Door Weather-stripping
0 132 0 34.10 0.2 138.60 4.1 3.6
Water Conservation: Install Dual Flush Toilets and Ultra Low Flow Faucet Aerators
0 0 125 428.07 0.0 2,142.13 5.0 4.4
Lighting Conversion: Install LED"s 4,469 0 0 427.24 0.5 2,291.58 5.4 4.7
Lighting Controls: Install Occupancy Sensors
6,388 0 0 610.67 0.7 4,318.42 7.1 6.0
Install Programmable Thermostats 0 901 0 232.67 1.7 2,431.93 10.5 8.4
Install A Lead Condensing Boiler 0 4,275 0 1,104.27 8.1 57,006.13 51.6 15.0
Re-caulk window frames 0 486 0 125.53 0.9 7,245.32 57.7 35.2
Fire Department 2 and Hespeler Centre – Facility Totals
23,925 6,111 125 4,293.69 14.2 79,693.62
Fire Department 3 & ARC
ARC: Unplug Chest Freezer When Not In Use
491 0 0 40.30 0.1 27.50 0.7 0.7
Water Conservation: Fix Running Urinal 0 65 245 857.01 0.1 1,001.85 1.2 1.1
Install Exhaust Fan Timers, EF-1, EF-2, ARC
1,459 3,065 0 943.40 6.0 1,857.73 2.0 1.8
Insulate DHW Piping, West Basement 474 0 0 38.91 0.1 94.91 2.4 2.3
Capital Upgrade, EOL: Replace Rooftop Units
0 887 0 238.33 1.7 93,199.07 391.1 2.9
June 2014 43
Facility
Estimated Savings Total
Implement-ation Cost
($)
Simple Payback (Years)
Capital Payback (years)
Year of Imple-ment
Energy Conservation and Water Conservation Measures
Electricity (kWh)
Natural Gas (m3)
Water (m3)
Annual Total
Energy Savings ($)
Annual Tonnes
CO2e
Avoided Lighting Controls: Install Occupancy Sensors
36,943 0 0 3,035.24 4.1 11,605.74 3.8 3.4
Lighting Conversion: Install LED's 5,285 0 0 434.22 0.6 2,067.03 4.8 4.2
Water Conservation: Replace Remaining High Flow Tank Toilets and 2.2 GPM Aerators
0 0 56 191.40 0.0 1,056.91 5.5 4.8
Install High Efficiency Boilers and Controls
0 9,684 0 2,602.20 18.3 128,415.18 49.3 4.8
Lighting Upgrade: T12 to T5HO High bays in Fire hall Garage
9,173 0 0 753.65 1.0 6,687.55 8.9 5.0
Lighting Upgrade: T12 to High Performance T8
12,192 0 0 1,001.69 1.3 14,015.90 14.0 5.1
Install Programmable Thermostats for Baseboard Heaters (Offices, Meeting Rooms, Woodshop)
0 2,764 0 742.70 5.2 5,240.31 7.1 6.0
Lighting Upgrade: CFLs 219 0 0 17.99 0.0 190.09 10.6 7.6
Lighting Upgrade: 32WT8 to 25WT8 6,413 0 0 526.89 0.7 5,147.01 9.8 7.9
Fire Department 3 & ARC – Facility Totals 72,648 16,465 301 11,423.94 39.1 270,606.78
Fire Department 4
Water Conservation: Install Ultra Low Flow Faucet Aerators
0 338 45 242.16 0.6 122.33 0.5 0.5 2014
Lighting Controls: Install Occupancy Sensors
24,315 0 0 2,324.50 2.7 3,778.61 1.6 1.5 2014
Lighting Upgrade: T12 to High Performance T8
2,785 0 0 266.25 0.3 2,089.03 7.8 3.0 2014
Lower Temperature in Ambulance Garage
0 0 0 47.54 0.3 161.89 3.4 3.1 2014
Lighting Conversion: Install LED's 1,695 0 0 162.04 0.2 596.63 3.7 3.3 2014
Lighting Upgrade: Incandescent lamps to CFLs
140 0 0 13.38 0.0 59.38 4.4 3.7 2014
Lighting Upgrade: T12 to T5HO High bays in Fire Hall Garage
4,123 0 0 394.16 0.5 5,180.60 13.1 7.3 2014
Install High Efficiency DHW Heater 0 149 0 38.42 0.3 12,198.10 317.5 25.0 2014
Building Envelope: Increase Exterior Wall Insulation, Dorm Room
0 210 0 54.25 0.4 2,347.81 43.3 26.6 2014
June 2014 44
Facility
Estimated Savings Total
Implement-ation Cost
($)
Simple Payback (Years)
Capital Payback (years)
Year of Imple-ment
Energy Conservation and Water Conservation Measures
Electricity (kWh)
Natural Gas (m3)
Water (m3)
Annual Total
Energy Savings ($)
Annual Tonnes
CO2e
Avoided
Fire Department 4 – Facility Totals 33,058 696 45 3,542.70 5.3 26,534.38
Fire Department 5
Water Conservation: Install Ultra Low Flow Faucet Aerators
0 158 23 117.20 0.3 61.17 0.5 0.5
Lighting Upgrade: Install CFLs 426 0 0 40.73 0.0 71.34 1.8 1.6
Lighting Upgrade: T12 to High Performance T8
10,924 0 0 1,044.33 1.2 4,253.71 4.1 1.9
Lighting Controls: Install Occupancy Sensors
9,813 0 0 938.12 1.1 2,429.11 2.6 2.4
Correct Over Heating Issue in Apparatus Bay
0 324 0 81.49 0.6 329.39 4.0 3.4
Lighting Upgrade: 32WT8 to 25WT8 1,009 0 0 96.46 0.1 434.54 4.5 4.0
Building Envelope: Seal and Insulate Operable Window Sections in Kitchen/Lounge
0 68 0 17.12 0.1 615.35 35.9 22.3
Building Envelope: Increase Insulation on Exterior Walls, Dorm and Lounge Areas
0 405 0 101.96 0.8 3,841.86 37.7 23.3
Fire Department 5 – Facility Totals 22,172 956 23 2,437.42 4.2 12,036.47
Dunfield Theatre
Install Beverage Refrigerator Timers 1,765 0 0 142.45 0.2 217.67 1.5 1.4
Insulate DHW Piping 0 138 0 35.98 0.3 57.19 1.6 1.5
Lighting Conversion: Install LED's 45,352 0 0 4,497.29 5.0 7,421.68 1.7 1.5
Install VFD on MAU 5,190 1,126 0 711.68 2.7 3,425.68 4.8 4.2
Replace Weather-stripping 316 108 0 53.58 0.2 268.85 5.0 4.4
Install Occupancy Sensor Thermostats 6,894 1,047 0 828.67 2.7 7,341.04 8.9 7.3
Install Split Cooling System in Control Room
136 544 0 152.45 1.0 1,499.72 9.8 7.9
Install De-Stratification Fans in Theatre -3,972 4,523 0 855.49 8.1 10,643.67 12.4 9.6
Seal Distribution Ducting 663 65 0 70.41 0.2 1,475.30 21.0 14.4
Dunfield Theatre – Facility Totals 56,344 7,552 0 7,348.00 20.5 32,350.80
Library - Main
Lighting Upgrade: T12 to High Performance T8
0 0 0 2,344.17 1.8 12,636.89 5.4 2.7
June 2014 45
Facility
Estimated Savings Total
Implement-ation Cost
($)
Simple Payback (Years)
Capital Payback (years)
Year of Imple-ment
Energy Conservation and Water Conservation Measures
Electricity (kWh)
Natural Gas (m3)
Water (m3)
Annual Total
Energy Savings ($)
Annual Tonnes
CO2e
Avoided Lighting Conversion: Incandescent and Halogen to LED
0 0 0 5,922.39 4.6 15,380.69 2.6 3.1
Capital Upgrade: Replace Rooftop Unit 0 -954 0 827.72 -0.7 40,652.91 49.1 6.7
Lighting Controls: Install Occupancy Sensors
0 0 0 93.33 0.1 809.70 8.7 7.1
Lighting Upgrade: Mercury Vapor to LED
0 0 0 684.56 0.7 6,560.09 9.6 7.8
Implement Demand Control Ventilation 0 10,390 0 3,030.99 20.0 34,604.14 11.4 9.0
Install High Efficiency Boiler, Re-Pipe to Injection Loop
0 8,488 0 2,206.96 16.0 118,212.30 53.6 10.2
Install a Comprehensive BAS 0 2,972 0 3,504.61 8.4 231,557.37 66.1 40.1
Library – Main – Facility Totals 0 20,897 0 18,614.73 50.8 460,414.08
Library - Hespeler
Lighting Conversion: Halogen to LED's 5,734 0 0 809.60 0.6 2,077.86 2.6 2.4
Lighting Controls: Install Photocell 1,211 0 0 132.73 0.1 281.15 2.1 2.0
Install Weather-stripping in Vestibule 842 0 0 92.23 0.1 519.98 5.6 4.9
Implement Demand Control Ventilation 8,716 4,455 0 2,113.51 9.4 12,240.96 5.8 5.0
Lower Space Temperatures 0 698 0 181.38 1.3 - 0.0 0.0
Solar Glazing on Exterior Wall Windows 6,439 0 0 705.72 0.7 9,185.25 13.0 10.0
Library – Hespeler – Facility Totals 22,942 5,152 0 4,035.17 12.3 24,305.19
Library - Preston
Lighting Upgrade: 32WT8 to 25WT8 3,081 0 0 294.54 0.3 2,984.67 10.1 8.1
Lighting Conversion: Halogen to LED's 8,716 0 0 833.25 1.0 3,735.08 4.5 4.0
Implement Demand Control Ventilation 1,212 2,607 0 793.64 5.1 15,234.76 19.2 13.5
Install Radiator Reflectors 0 402 0 104.55 0.8 575.47 5.5 4.8
Building Envelope: Replace Single Pane Windows
0 1,208 0 314.15 2.3 17,222.34 54.8 33.5
Water Conservation: Install Ultra Low Flow Faucet Aerators
0 59 36 138.35 0.1 114.54 0.8 0.8
Library – Preston – Facility Totals 13,009 4,276 36 2,478.48 9.5 39,866.85
Grand Total – All Buildings 1,347,055 255,135 2,232 221,957.31 670.8 3,617,344.84
June 2014 46
Appendix C: Completing and Ongoing Initiatives to Support
Corporate-Wide Energy and GHG Reduction Goals
Name of Program / Initiative
Status Brief Description of Initiative
Annual Energy Savings (GJ)
Annual GHG Savings (t)
Return on Investment (Yrs)
LEED Gold Policy
Complete. Implemented in 2012
The City of Cambridge implemented a LEED Gold Policy for all new buildings and renovations.
City Hall LEED Gold
Complete
The City of Cambridge has shown leadership in sustainability by developing the first city hall in Canada with Gold Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification – expected annual energy cost savings of approx. 42% relative to baseline building.
Energy Conservation Reserve Fund
Ongoing
Geothermal – W.G. Johnson
Complete Installation of geothermal system.
1100
55 7.5
W.G. Johnson Complete Replace all lights with T8 lighting.
Public Works - Solar Panels
Complete 20 kw solar system installed at Public Works
93.6 21 5
Public Works - Solar Panels
In progress Application submitted for a 35 kw solar system expansion at Public Works
36 5
Public Works – Building Envelope
Complete Insulate and replacement of siding
198 10
Galt Arena In progress Replacement of dehumidification System
0.6
Galt Little Theatre
In progress Replacement of old furnace
Elgin Street Workshop
In Progress LEED Gold Building with geothermal
Hespeler Arena Complete
- Dehumidification System - Hot Water Boiler - Heat Exchangers (brine chiller) - Snow Melting System - T5 Lighting
460
219.3 70.2
1065
25.6
12.3 16.7
59.9
Duncan McIntosh Arena
Complete
- Dehumidification System - Furnace - Lighting - Cladding
230
219.7
12.88
16.12
June 2014 47
Name of Program / Initiative
Status Brief Description of Initiative
Annual Energy Savings (GJ)
Annual GHG Savings (t)
Return on Investment (Yrs)
Karl Homuth Arena
Complete
- Dehumidification System - Furnace - Heat Exchangers
460
219.7 52.65
25.78
16.12 12.5
Dickson Arena Complete
- Dehumidification System - Furnace - Heat Exchangers - Cladding
230
219.7 52.65
12.88
16.12 12.5
Preston Arena Complete - Dehumidification System - Furnace
460
219.7
25.78
16.12
Galt Arena Complete - Roofing - Snow Melting System
1065
10 59.9
Tree Planting Program
Ongoing
Cambridge Stewardship calculates annual GHG reduction (from that year’s planting of trees ONLY, not all vegetation) and annual GHG going forward (80 years, as the lifespan of a tree) based on Tree Canada methodology and extremely conservative estimates/calculations.
1.41 metric tonnes of C02
in 2012, and each year
going forward until 2092
Reviewed once the tree
canopy assessment study done
Cambridge City Green Workshops
Ongoing
Cambridge City Green Workshops and Movie Nights: climate change (2007), local food (2008), sustainable development (2009), climate change (2010), peak oil / water sustainability / individuals driving change (2011), EV cars (2012), societal sustainability (2013)
No GHG, although one
year the group offset
its GHG footprint for
the event
n/a
Public Works - Lighting
Concept Stage
Replacement of old lights in Public Works Vehicle Barn.
Anti-Idling By-Law
Complete
City of Cambridge anti-idling corporate policy 2005/2006 and by-law 2010.
GHG and $ payback can be estimated for fleet. For by-law, GHG
may be coarsely
estimated based on
other municipalities
but no $ payback
Automatic Vehicle Locator
City of Cambridge: Automatic Vehicle Locator & Salt Management Program
June 2014 48
Name of Program / Initiative
Status Brief Description of Initiative
Annual Energy Savings (GJ)
Annual GHG Savings (t)
Return on Investment (Yrs)
Travelwise
LED Streetlight Boxwood Subdivision Pilot Project – to be launched in 2013.
Bikeway Network Master Plan
Parking Master Plan
Transportation Master Plan
Sustainable Procurement Policy
Complete Sustainable procurement policy was implemented in 2013 for all City purchases.
iCompass Software
Complete City of Cambridge: iCompass software to provide a paperless system for report preparation
Earth Hour Ongoing
The City of Cambridge participates in “the global Earth Hour event and will contribute to the overall goal to save energy and raise awareness of energy savings measures.
June 2014 49
References 1 Efforts to reduce energy and GHG emissions across the community are being addressed by ClimateActionWR, a
collaborative effort involving several participating entities including REEP Green Solutions, Region of Waterloo,
Sustainable Waterloo Region, City of Cambridge, City of Kitchener, City of Waterloo and various local utilities. 2 Cambridge. 2008. City of Cambridge History. Accessed Online August 1, 2013 from
http://www.visitcambridgeontario.com/About_Cambridge.php 3 Cambridge Economic Development Division. 2013. Community Profile: A Summary of Cambridge’s Economic and
Social Features. Accessed Online August 1, 2013 from
http://www.cambridge.ca/relatedDocs/CambridgeCommunityProfile.pdf 4 Cambridge Economic Development Division. 2013. Community Profile: A Summary of Cambridge’s Economic and
Social Features. Accessed Online August 1, 2013 from
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http://www.cambridge.ca/economic_development/major_commercial_and_retail_districts 7 Cambridge Economic Development Division. 2013. Community Profile: A Summary of Cambridge’s Economic and
Social Features. Accessed Online August 1, 2013 from
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http://www.cambridge.ca/cycling 9 City of Cambridge. 2011. Corporate Sustainability Plan. Page 26. 10 Region of Waterloo. 2008. Past and Present Environmental Initiatives. Accessed Online August 1, 2013 from
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http://www.sustainablewaterlooregion.ca/about-us/ 13 ClimateActionWR. 2013. Overview. Accessed Online August 14, 2013 from
http://www.climateactionwr.ca/about/overview/ 14 City of Cambridge. 2011. Corporate Sustainability Plan. 15 City of Cambridge. 2011. Corporate Sustainability Plan. 16 City of Cambridge, 2012. GHG Emissions Inventory and Forecast 17 Partners for Climate Protection, 2012. Developing Inventories for Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy
Consumption: A Guidance Document for Partners for Climate Protection in Canada. Available online: http://www.fcm.ca/Documents/reports/PCP/Developing_Inventories_for_Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_and_Energy_Consumption_EN.pdf
18 ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability, 2012. Accessed online
http://www.iclei.org/index.php?id=ghgprotocol 19 City of Cambridge, 2012. GHG Emissions Inventory and Forecast 20 City of Cambridge, 2012. GHG Emissions Inventory and Forecast 21 Commission for Environmental Cooperation. 2008. Green Building in North America, Opportunities and
Challenges. Retrieved online August 27, 2013 from http://www.cec.org/Storage/64/5841_GB_Report_EN.pdf 22 Centre for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES), Natural Gas in Commercial Buildings, retrieved June 20, 2013
from website http://www.c2es.org/publications/natural-gas-commercial-buildings 23 Energy Star. 2006. Lighting. Retrieved June 20, 2013 from website:
http://www.energystar.gov/buildings/sites/default/uploads/tools/EPA_BUM_CH6_Lighting.pdf?0162-3f6.1
June 2014 50
24 Clinton Foundation, Street Lighting Retrofit Projects: Improving Performance, while Reducing Costs and
Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Available online:
http://www.dvrpc.org/energyclimate/eetrafficstreetlighting/pdf/CCI_EE_Streetlighting_White_Paper.pdf
25 U.S. DOE. 2004. Variable Speed Pumping. Accessed August 27, 2013 from
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/variable_speed_pumping.pdf 26 Canopy. N.D. The Benefits of Trees. Retrieved June 21, 2013 from website http://www.canopy.org/pages/about-
trees/the-benefits-of-trees.php