citizen diplomacy summit 2010 final report
TRANSCRIPT
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U.S. SUMMIT & INITIATIVEFOR GLOBAL CITIZEN DIPLOMACY
U.S. CENTER
FOR
CITIZEN
DIPL MACY IN PARTNERSHIP WITHU.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE | OFFICE OF DIPLOMACY & PUBLIC AFFAIRS
A TEN-YEAR CAMPAIGN TOENSURE AMERICAN CITIZENS ARE:
Aware of global issues,
Able to identify effective methods and partners to address them, and
Have the resources and opportunities to put these ideas and
methods into practice.
AMERICAN CITIZENSPARTNERING WITH THE WORLD TO ADDRESS
GLOBAL CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST CENTURY
PARTNERING WITH THE WORLD TO ADDRESSGLOBAL CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST CENTURY
PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT
REDUCING POVERTY AND DISEASEINCREASING RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS
CREATING A GLOBALLY COMPETENT SOCIETY
ENCOURAGING CULTURAL ENGAGEMENT
ACHIEVING FOOD SECURITY
SECURING U.S. & GLOBAL FINANCIAL SECURITY
20102020 EVERY CITIZEN A DIPLOMAT
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Published in conjunction with the U.S. Center for Citizen DiplomacysU.S. Summit & Initiative for Global Citizen Diplomacy
November 16 19, 2010, Washington DC.
No material in this document may be reproduced without the permission
of the U.S. Center for Citizen Diplomacy.
November 2010 | U.S. Center for Citizen Diplomacy
Cover, left to right: Gultori school children in Pakistan read with Greg Mortenson, 2008 National Awards for Citizen
Diplomacy honoree. k-12, ECamp participants. GCY founding fellow Gaya Morris with first graders in Sibbikotane, Senegal.
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Dear Fellow Citizen Diplomats,
This final report has been prepared for the U.S. Summit & Initiative for Global Citizen Diplomacy and sets forth major
steps for a ten-year campaign and agenda for action that, if achieved, will have a lasting impact on the nature of
American society, and most importantly for the next generations of leaders in our country and for our children and
grandchildren. In order to accomplish this, every American needs to be a responsible citizen not only to their local
communities and country, but to the world as well. The ten-year Initiative for Global Citizen Diplomacy will work toensure American citizens are aware of global issues, able to identify effective methods and partners to address them,
and have the resources and opportunities to put these ideas and methods into practice.
No single country or person can solve todays problems alone. Collaboration and cooperation with others
throughout the globe is needed to ensure we are able to preserve the environment, reduce poverty and disease,
increase respect for human rights, create a globally competent society, encourage cultural engagement, achieve food
security, and secure U.S. & global financial security. As citizens of the United States, it is time to create a culture of
global citizen responsibility and take it upon ourselves to make the world a better place.
The 2020 Initiative for Global Citizen Diplomacy Agenda has been developed by over 150 volunteer experts in
international affairs and provides a baseline to measure progress. The agenda is ambitious. However, the Summit
demonstrated there is national and international commitment to work with fellow partners throughout the world to get
the job done.
The agenda would never have been developed without the dedication, leadership, support and hours of volunteer
time provided by the Task Force and Roundtable co-chairs and all their members. These groups exemplify citizen
diplomacy at its very core and provide a model for other citizen diplomacy initiatives in the U.S. and elsewhere. Their
ability to step outside the comfort zone of their own organizations and collaborate with individuals and organizations
they were unfamiliar with or, in some case, compete with for scarce funds, is a testament to their vision and knowledge
that citizen diplomacy has collective power to change the world. The U.S. Center for Citizen Diplomacy is forever
grateful to these outstanding leaders for the agenda they have put forth and their partnership with us in this yearlong
journey. We also thank our colleagues at the U.S Department of State, who have partnered with us in the planning ofthe Summit and share the belief that government cannot do this alone.
In the coming decade, we welcome opportunities to collaborate together in order to advance the importance of
citizen diplomacy and expand opportunities for more Americans to become citizen diplomats, develop partnerships
with fellow global citizens, and change the world one interaction at a time.
In partnership,
Ann Olsen Schodde David H. Roe, PhD.
President & CEO Chair, Board of Directors
U.S. Center for Citizen Diplomacy U.S. Center for Citizen Diplomacy
Derek Forsythe
Summit Task Force & Roundtable Coordinator
U.S. Center for Citizen Diplomacy
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4 U.S. Summit and Initiative for Global Citizen Diplomacy
TABLE OF CONTENTS
5 Introduction
SECTION 1
7 Task Force Outcomes
11 Roundtable Recommendations
22 Americas Footprint Abroad
SECTION 2
24 Beyond the Summit:
Putting the Ten -Year Initiative into Practice
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5 Every Citizen A Diplomat
INTRODUCTION
U.S. SUMMIT TASK FORCE MEASURABLE OUTCOMES
During the last nine months, ten Task Force groups developed portfolios for the U.S. Summit for Global Citizen
Diplomacy. These groups were comprised of leaders in international affairs with specific expertise in ten areas ofinternational activity in which citizens can be engaged primarily as volunteer citizen diplomats. These areas are:
Business, Community-based Organizations, Development Assistance, Faith-based Organizations, Global Health,
Higher Education, International Cultural Engagement, International Voluntary Service, K-12 Education,
and Youth Service.
Throughout 2010, the Task Forces met to solicit proposals from organizations in these ten areas that
demonstrated best program ideas to be showcased at the Summit. From those submitted, each group selected
ten. In addition, each Task Force created three measurable outcomes in their respective areas, which, over
the next ten years, the U.S. Center for Citizen Diplomacy will collaboratively monitor, with each group to
assess progress.
U.S. SUMMIT ROUNDTABLE REPORTS
In addition to the Task Force groups, seven Roundtable reports were presented at the U.S. Summit on critical
issues that affect and impact all aspects of citizen diplomacy activity. Leaders in international affairs and citizen
diplomacy compiled these reports, which were determined in several meetings including recommendations
from staff members at the U.S. Department of State. The critical issues are: Citizen Diplomacy Organizations
Throughout the World: Opportunities for Cooperation; Evaluating & Measuring the Impact of Citizen Diplomacy;
The Role of New Media in Advancing Citizen Diplomacy; Citizen Diplomacy on Global Womens Issues; The Role
of States in Global Citizen Diplomacy; Policy Issues for Citizen Diplomacy; and The Role of Citizen Diplomacy inDeveloping Partnerships with Predominantly Muslim Nations.
All reports concluded with a series of recommendations for change and action, which are summarized in this
report. If these changes are to be achieved, they will require large-scale grassroots advocacy efforts and
collaboration with numerous organizations. The USCCD is ready to work with them to achieve the desired
change and success.
Based on the work of both the Task Force groups and the Roundtable reports, the USCCD will work to lead and
convene collaborative efforts that form the major components of a ten-year Initiative for Global Citizen Diplomacy
from 2010-2020. The Task Force outcomes, Roundtable recommendations and other baseline data collected by
the U.S. Center will be used to accomplish the ultimate goal of the ten-year campaign, which is to:
Double the number of Americans engaged in international
activities that address global challenges of the 21st century to
120 million Americans by 2020.
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Global problems require global solutions
that even governments and international
organizations cannot implement on theirown. But great goals can be accomplished
by people, worldwide, joining hands.HER EXCELLENCY MADAME SUZANNE MUBARAK | FIRST LADY OF THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT
YVC volunteers from Hands On Miami help to plant native vegetation.
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7 Every Citizen A Diplomat
TASK FORCE OUTCOMES
BUSINESS
Co-chairs: Keith Reinhard, President & CEO, Business for Diplomatic Action
Peter Tichansky, President, Business Council for International Understanding
Increase the number of American business people involved in mentoring foreign students and business people, in
programs led by the private and public sectors
Examples: Education for Employment Foundation mentoring programs, U.S. Department of State
E-Mentor Corps
Increase the number of American businesses offering their employees some form of corporate service corps
opportunity for engagement
Examples: IBM Corporate Service Corps, Opportunity International Walk a Mile in Her Shoes
Increase the number of opportunities for American business school students to study and learn directly from
business schools and businesses in other countries
Examples: Messiah College International Business Institute, VCU Partnership with India, US-Northern Ireland
Victory Scholarship program
COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS
Co-chairs: Patrick Madden, President & CEO, Sister Cities International
Sherry Mueller, President, National Council for International Visitors
Encourage and recognize those who convene community summits on citizen diplomacy
Conduct survey that will count number of volunteers affiliated with each of the major citizen diplomacy networks
Compile bibliography and list of relevant resources on citizen diplomacy
DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
Co-chairs: Henrietta Fore, Chairman & CEO, Holsman International
Charles MacCormack, President & CEO, Save the Children
Samuel Worthington, President & CEO, InterAction
Showcase the diversity of ways U.S. citizens can meaningfully engage in development assistance to strengthen
the capacity of individual global development assistance organizations.
Promote programs that collaborate with organizations in the developing world and amplify existing country
efforts
Provide experience stories as told by individual citizen diplomats
Identify increases in successes as reported in annual reports by global development assistance
organizations
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Increase youth and adult engagement and private donor assistance in development assistance.
Format for age specific groups
Engage with social media
Engage with Diplomats in Residence on U.S. university and college campuses
Partner with celebrity ambassadors to elevate awareness and attract engagement
Introduce citizen diplomacy as part of the development assistance communitys approach and elevate the status
of international development assistance.
Introduce citizen diplomacy as a part of development assistance to the U.S. government and international
community
Showcase the professionalized nature of the international development community
Outreach and showcase hybrid organizations
FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATIONS
Co-chairs: Maha ElGenaidi, Founder, President & CEO, Islamic Networks Group
Dee Froeber, President & CEO, Global Institute for Religious & Cultural Diplomacy
Recruit and populate a working team of leaders from 5-10 faith-based/faith-focused global organizations charged
with the mission of recruiting and involving other organizations and individuals to become involved in faith-based
citizen diplomacy.
Recruit and populate a working team charged with building, maintaining, and expanding a national registry of
organizations involved in faith-based/faith-focused citizen diplomacy.
Publicize and offer workshops, seminars, and modules in the art and practice of faith-based citizen diplomacy
designed to give participants the confidence and skills necessary to become effective citizen diplomats and
activists who will then recruit, teach, and lead others to do the same. Curriculum and design will focus on:
Training and education in the core practice of citizen diplomacy;
Training and education for general and context-specific faith-based citizen diplomacy.
GLOBAL HEALTH
Co-chairs: Jeffrey Heck, MD, Executive Director, Shoulder to Shoulder
Yogesh Shah, MD, Associate Dean, Global Health, Des Moines University
Increase impact and improve monitoring and evaluation of US health volunteers worldwide
Strengthen and leverage contributions of US citizens to meet the goals of the Global Health Initiative
Build sustainability through health system strengthening and increased country ownership
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9 Every Citizen A Diplomat
HIGHER EDUCATION
Co-chairs: John Halder, former President, Community Colleges for International Development
Marlene Johnson, Executive Director & CEO, NAFSA
Renewed understanding of the critical role of U.S. higher education in global citizen diplomacy.
Increase support for the critical infrastructure that higher education provides in furthering what mustbe a national priority: supporting the creation of a globally competent and tolerant society.
Internationalization of education in the United States.
Ensure the global competency of U.S. college graduates, with particular emphasis on engaging a
diverse cross-section of students.
Promotion of the United States as a magnet for a diverse pool of international students and scholars, the next
generation of foreign leaders.
INTERNATIONAL CULTURAL ENGAGEMENT
Co-chairs: The Hon. Frank Hodsoll, Principal, Hodsoll & Associates
Amb. Cynthia Schneider, Distinguished Professor in the Practice of Diplomacy, School of Foreign Service,
Georgetown University
Summit showcase of on the order of 10 or more exemplary existing and proposed new international cultural
engagements that demonstrate the importance and effectiveness of these activities in enhancing mutual
understanding, respect, and trust so as to strengthen peace, stability, and social equity, and reduce risks
of conflict.
Increased recognition and support for international cultural engagements that strengthen understanding between
people in different parts of the world.
Measured through media coverage and financial support data.
International and/or national annual awards for best practices under the auspices of the President, Secretary of
State, or a council of notables.
Measures need to be developed for judging best practices.
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INTERNATIONAL VOLUNTARY SERVICE
Co-chairs: Steven Rosenthal, Executive Director, Cross-Cultural Solutions
Steve Vetter, President & CEO, Partners of the Americas
David Caprara, Diecrtor Instiative on International Volunteering and Service, Brookings Institutution.
Foster and improve health, education, and community development in communities throughout the world whileincreasing civic engagement through meaningful, hands-on voluntary service.
Promote citizen diplomacy and global understanding through cultural exchange and relationship building between
individuals and communities throughout the world.
Increase the impact of international voluntary service through promoting research and building capacity for
international volunteer organizations.
K-12 EDUCATION
Co-chairs: Edwin Gragert, Executive Director, iEARN-USA
John Hishmeh, Executive Director, Council on Standards for International Educational Travel
Renee Shull, Director of Education, U.S. Center for Citizen Diplomacy
Increase the opportunities and number of K-12 students learning and applying World language skills
Promote global competency through the infusion of global perspectives in the majority of state education curricula
for k-12 classrooms.
Promote global understanding through increased participation of K-12 students in international exchanges, study
abroad programs, hosting international students, online educational interactions and other programs that connect
American students to students around the world
YOUTH SERVICE
Co-chairs: Steven Culbertson, President & CEO, Youth Service America
Jess Rimington, Founder & Executive Director, One World Youth Project
Position and empower the children and youth of the world as assets, resources, and partners in community
development, tapping into their amazing energy, commitment, idealism, and creativity.
Improve communities by increasing the scale and diversity of children and youth making substantive contributions
to the worlds health, education, human services, human rights, and the environment.
Imbed service into the educational process of every student, making service the common expectation and the
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EVALUATING AND MEASURING THE IMPACT OF CITIZEN DIPLOMACY
Co-chairs: Dr. Allan Goodman, President & CEO, Institute for International Education
Rick Ruth, Chief of Staff, Office of Policy & Evaluation, Bureau of Education and Cultural Affairs,
U.S. Department of State
Recommendations and Action Steps for the Future
Measuring the full impact of the range of citizen diplomacy programs continues to be a challenge, primarily
because the outcomes of such programs are intangible and difficult to measure. Furthermore, the long-term
impact of such programs typically manifests itself in the future and, in some cases, several years post-
participation in the program.
The impact of international exchanges can be underestimated because it is difficult to measure the far-reaching
effects of interpersonal interaction. This is why it is critical to continue to develop and conduct impact studies.
While some numerous efforts have been made to measure the impact of the range of citizen diplomacy programs,
Additionally, longstanding programs such as the Fulbright program have been evaluated overtime. Further
evaluation and documentation is needed to: identify what is working and what is not working; to leverage lessons
learned for program improvement; to replicate successful program strategies; and to also provide a rationale for
continued support for these types of programs. In-depth evaluation data on such programs can also help improve
programs and increase access for populations that have not traditionally engaged in such activities.
Documenting the impact of citizen diplomacy programs should not be the sole responsibility of a single group:
various stakeholders including program organizers, funders, third party evaluators, and the academic and research
community should collaborate to develop best practices for measuring the impact of citizen diplomacy programs.
In addition to well-established methods such as surveys, interviews, and focus groups, evaluators of citizen
diplomacy programs should also explore the use of newer approaches as the use of social media as a tool for
data collection, and the use of more qualitative approaches such as participatory and action research.
Foster and reinforce a culture of evaluation and accountability, funders of programs should require that evaluation
be a core component of the program from inception to conclusion and beyond, and that a portion of the budget be
devoted to evaluation activities. In the absence of such requirements, many programs carry out evaluations as an after-
thought, thereby missing critical opportunities during the course of the program to collect valuable evaluation data.
There needs to be increased emphasis on and funding for alumni programs to guarantee sustainability of
citizen diplomacy programs and assure lasting impact.
Alumni programs help to build networks that increase the multiplier effect of citizen diplomacy and promote
continued cross-national cultural and educational collaboration, and work exchanges and partnerships.
Alumni programs allow easier access to program participants, making longitudinal quantitative and
qualitative evaluation data easier to collect
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Historicallythe most effective public
diplomacy tool in our arsenal has been our
people-to-people exchanges.KAREN HUGHES | FORMER UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE FOR PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS
Tom Sleigh (USA) teaches students at Dadaab Camp, Kenya (June, 2009) - International Writing Program, University of Iowa.
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CITIZEN DIPLOMACY ON GLOBAL WOMENS ISSUES
Co-chairs: Kerri Kennedy, Executive Director, Womens Campaign International
Marjorie Margolies, President & CEO, Womens Campaign International
This Roundtable has developed a series of recommendations for possible techniques through which to achieve
increased citizen diplomacy in the realm of womens issues.
Continue to utilize social media
Social media has proven extremely effective in gaining large support systems in relatively short amounts of
time. The ability to make an impact by simply pushing a button carries enormous weight in our fast-paced
world. The case of Iranian woman Sakineh Mohammed Ashtiani, sentenced to death by stoning earlier this
year, has become a global media sensation that has utilized Facebook and Twitter to gain the support of
thousands, including many celebrities, continuously updating her supporters on the injustices suffered by
Sakineh and her loved ones. This has not only increased the visibil ity of one womans sufferings, but has
educated thousands on the state of women in Iran today.
Create straightforward, informative, and creative awareness campaigns.
The average citizen is not aware of the positive domino effect that the empowerment of women can trigger.
Awareness campaigns need to not just focus on the moral right of a woman to receive an education or have
access to prenatal care, but also on the influence that this educated and healthy woman has both on her own
community and, when combined with the forces of other such women, on the international community. It is
vital that citizens are aware that giving to an organization working to address womens issues does much
more than simply improve the lives of a small group of women. Awareness campaigns should stress the
longevity and far-reaching effects of empowering women.
Facilitate direct contact with women in need.
Connecting citizens with international women is the most powerful way to make an individual understand
the magnitude of womens issues. No one can tell someones story better than the subject themselves, and
videos that interview local women and display their families and homes are an unparalleled method for moving citizens
to action. Even more powerful are programs that directly connect local women with mentors in the United States.
Conferences and mentor programs that connect women around the world need to be more heavily broadcast so that
American citizens are aware of the direct impact that their fellow citizens are making.
Make fundraising efforts flexible and relatable to the average citizen.
Beyond educating citizens about the far-reaching effects of addressing womens issues, it is vital thatwomens organizations make their work relatable to American citizens. With the myriad of different causes
vying for peoples attention, one cannot count on individuals to devote time or funds to an effort that they do
not feel pertains to their busy lives. Today, with so many families sending their loved ones overseas, efforts in
Iraq and Afghanistan may be able to gain more support. Agriculturally oriented communities may be more apt
to give to programs addressing rural womens issues. Business students may feel particularly compassionate
towards budding women entrepreneurs. It is essential for organizations to recognize their target audience
and demonstrate that their work is relevant to the lives of those whose assistance they seek.
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15 Every Citizen A Diplomat
Organizations should also use flexible fundraising options that allow for tiered levels of giving. Different
citizens will want to give different amounts of funds, and organizations should facilitate this whenever
possible. Fundraising events with different priced tickets and tiered amounts of giving allow individuals to
enter at a level that works for them, while also educating them about the issue.
Raise funds and spread awareness through the sale of tangible goods.
Many people are more likely to donate to a campaign if they are purchasing a good that relates to theirdonation. Many organizations have found success in selling jewelry or bags that were made by local
women or carry a message that represents the work that they are doing. This provides the opportunity for
organizations to not only raise funds, but also to spread awareness, as individuals who are wearing these
locally made goods will attract the attention of others and educate them about the cause. The facilitated sale
of locally made goods also acts as an incentive for local women who will be motivated by the knowledge that
the product of their hard work has found a place in the international market.
NEW MEDIA & TECHNOLOGY IN CITIZEN DIPLOMACY
Co-chairs: David Nassar, CEO & Founder, Hotspot Digital
Anoush Tatevossian, Director, Projects & Partnerships, MobileActive.org
Develop mobile phone-based citizen diplomacy programs to reach
wider audiences.
Even more than the web-enabled PC, the mobile phone allows people of the world to connect and has begun
to bridge the modern problem of the digital divide. Most recent statistics reveal that there are currently 5
billion mobile phone subscriptions worldwide (as compared to 1.8 billion internet users worldwide), and two-
thirds of those are people living in the developing world bringing into reach some of the previously most
disconnected populations & communities on earth. The Ushahidi 4636 program in Haiti for example would not
have worked without the widespread use of mobile phones in that country. Increasingly, when creating citizen
diplomacy programs, phones need to be the platform of choice. However, barriers include the complex
pricing (mobile phone fees are extremely expensive in some countries) and technical disparities between
mobile platforms & operators in various countries. Government and business leaders should play an role in
advocating for more fair mobile practices with regard to pricing and taxes, and interoperability so to more
easily allow for social and humanitarian initiatives over mobile.
Governments, corporations and civil society should promote the importance of open
Internet access globally.An open accessible Internet helps people reach across borders to establish social, business and educational
relationships. Business and government stand to gain far more from the opportunities present in an open
environment than they do in a closed one. Advocacy efforts to develop global/regional policies that demand
a free and open Internet should be well funded by both business and government and where they dont exist,
should be created. Multinational corporations need to play a leading role in this regard, rather than sitting on
the sidelines or worse, assisting countries in shutting down or closing off access.
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Support global digital literacy.
There is still a great digital divide between communities with effective access to digital and information
technology, and those with very limited or no access at all. Programs that work to improve access, and
focus on training and teaching digital literacy and media skills should be supported (either through prioritizing
this area of work for governmental international aid funding, or through support of NGO initiatives such as
GeekCorps). If people around the world are well versed and comfortable using new technologies, then citizen
diplomacy initiatives can be easily implemented and more widely accessible.
Invest in facilitating on-line simultaneous or near-simultaneous translation.
The language barrier is one of the most significant technical obstacles to more connections between people
from different nations around the world. There are obvious business reasons to facilitate the development of
this technology, and President Obama has said that finding the solution for this is one of the big ideas needed
for the 21st century. Naturally, there are social and specifically citizen diplomacy benefits to be had as well.
The corporate world and the government world will have to drive the research, but organizations doing citizen
diplomacy could be helpful in testing software and possibly, such as in the case of LiveMocha even in playing a role
as human translators to support machine translation. Imagine a project whereby people used machine translation
but if they ran into a problem they could chat with a live person who would check the machine translation?
Make more strategic use of available video-conferencing technologies.
More strategic and nationwide attempts should be designed to more effectively utilize videoconferencing and
virtual exchanges for citizen diplomacy. For example, public schools could regularly schedule an hour once
a month to connect with a school abroad. These on-camera virtual exchanges would provide an opportunity
for students here and abroad to establish more solid linkages, as they allow simultaneous and personal/
visual communication. The same applies to building linkages virtually between professional networks here
and abroad. In addition to the many freely available desktop technologies (Skype, Google Voice, etc.), we
recommend that citizen diplomacy programs also explore forming partnerships with enterprise/private sectorcompanies (Cisco, etc.) to design programs which utilize their highly developed and robust videoconferencing
platforms during off-work hours.
New media tools should be incorporated more quickly into existing citizen
diplomacy programs.
Much of the work we discovered being done is being run by organizations that have developed in the last
one to three years. More established organizations with deeper resources could bring their weight to bear on
effective programming that utilizes new media. Several classic or analog citizen diplomacy efforts, such as
professional networks, could be greatly enhanced by adopting new media tools, if implemented strategically.
Program funders should demand new media fluency.
Until the primary funders of citizen diplomacy programs require that the organizations developing and
implementing these projects demonstrate fluency in new media, most efforts will remain with the young,
entrepreneurial organizations.
CREATE AN ONLINE MARKETPLACE OF OPPORTUNITIES.
Where people interested in participating in programs can search a program listing based on their interest or
can post what they are interested in doing and groups that are looking for volunteers can find them. USCCD
currently offers something like this but it needs more participants to be effective.
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17 Every Citizen A Diplomat
Establish a working group to determine best practices.
Because this field is so new and most of the groups doing it effectively are less than five years old, it is
suggested that a working group be established made up of the new organizations and some of the older
organizations that have more experience in citizen diplomacy but much less in new media. The working
group should identify an academic to work with them to report on, analyze and evaluate the effectiveness
of their programs to determine best practices. This working group could also include representatives from
technology providers so that they can also learn how their tools are being used and how they might be
improved.
Identify common standards.
Given the limited use of new media for citizen diplomacy purposes, there are little to no standards for how it
should be used. Issues may include best practice for running or moderating online discussion groups, basic
standards and awareness of international telecommunications laws, appropriate use and dissemination or
endorsement of commercial or open-source technologies internationally, etc. We recommend developing a
document that outlines appropriate standards of behavior for the field.
THE ROLE OF THE STATES IN GLOBAL CITIZEN DIPLOMACY
Chair: The Honorable Barbara Lawton, Lieutenant Governor, State of Wisconsin
A Networking Model for States: Moving from Ad Hoc to Sustained Engagement
We recommend an innovative interactive web portal for international planning and networking statewide. It
will include a web-based map capable of displaying a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the states
global presence, international actors, and calendar of events. This network will be housed in the university
system, a stable institution that will lend continuity and stability to the project.
LEVERAGING THE NATIONAL GUARD STATE PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM: A STATE
PARTNERSHIP FRAMEWORK
This recommendation calls for expanding the current SPP to develop a framework, authorized and embraced
by federal and state governments, capable of connecting and integrating individual citizen and institutional
capacity for genuine diplomacy towards the ends of higher-level contributions to national security strategies.
This State Partnership Framework includes a broad spectrum of human endeavor that underwrites fulfilling
the aspirations of self-governed civil societies committed to sustainable peace and prosperity.
This framework will bridge interagency efforts with all fifty states through the revered National
Guard. With that wider frame, we can expand the corps of citizen diplomats beyond citizen-soldiers
to initiate and sustain commercial, civic and intellectual relationships in countries around the world.
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Continue to build language proficiency
All concerned parties higher education, the K-12 community, the Departments of State, Defense, and
Education, and federal and state legislatures must sustain and expand current efforts to increase U.S.
proficiency in critical languages. Elements of this effort should include a robust mechanism to draw public
attention to U.S. national needs and current opportunities and increased resources from all players, focusing
especially on expanding the pipeline of young learners and overseas immersion programs.
Visas and U.S. Arrival
Congress and the Department of State need to expand consular access by opening new posts, especially in
the highest volume countries: Brazil, India, China, and Russia. New posts should be located in cities with high
volumes of visa applicants, and where broad U.S. interests will be best served.
U.S. consular posts need to regain authority to waive personal appearance, under clear guidelines developed
in consultation with the State Departments leadership and the Bureau of Consular Affairs.
Frequent travelers those who have fulfilled the terms of their visas without status violations should be
issued visas without additional interviews for a period of three years, an expansion of the current one-year
grace period.
DHS should maintain and enforce high standards of courtesy by its officials at ports of entry, to ensure that
unpleasant arrival experiences do not diminish foreign impressions of the United States.
Consular Affairs should work with EducationUSA to promote study in the U.S. and to reinforce the fact that
more student visa applications are approved than denied. This collaboration has been successfully piloted in
China and India, where wait times and approval rates are provided to potential applicants and where numbers
of incoming students continue to increase.
Use of technology
The Department of State, NGOs, and academic institutions at all levels need to use technology to deepen
and enhance the impact of physical exchange, and to use technology to raise international awareness among
U.S. students.
The U.S. should set a goal of linking every American school with another somewhere in the world by 2016.
Enhanced Program Models
All those involved in citizen diplomacy the NGO, academic, and private sectors, and the U.S. government
need to incorporate the results of recent studies of learning in program design, considering new and/or
enhanced program models that include elements will that deepen impact and expand participation.
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20 U.S. Summit and Initiative for Global Citizen Diplomacy
THE ROLE OF U.S. CITIZEN DIPLOMACY IN DEVELOPING PARTNERSHIPSWITH PREDOMINANTLY MUSLIM NATIONS
Co-chairs: Stephen Grand, Director, US Relations with the Islamic World, Brookings Institution
Randa Fahmy Hudome, President, Fahmy Hudome International
Making partnerships with Muslim world a high priority
Given the strategic importance of improving Americas relationship with the Muslim world, building bridges
and partnerships between citizens of the United States and of predominantly Muslim societies should
be accorded the utmost policy priority. Just as U.S. leaders invested heavily following World War II in
building ties between emerging leaders in the United States and those in Europe and Japan, so today we
need an ambitious undertaking of similar scale and scope drawing on the energies of governments,
private corporations, philanthropic institutions, non-profit organizations and ordinary citizens focused on
predominantly Muslim societies.
Create foundational relationships
Citizen diplomacy efforts should be designed to create foundational relationships, especially among
emerging leaders, as a kind of social capital that should help temper the inevitable disinformation, tension
and even conflict that occur at the political level. Programs should be crafted with the recognition that the
best relationships tend to emerge when the stated goal is not to build a relationship per se, but to solve a
common problem or see the world through another persons eyes.
Base program design on identified best-practice principles
Some basic best-practice principles that should inform program design include:
Make sure relationships are developed on the basis of equality, with agendas for action
developed jointly:
Keep the focus on the depth of the experiences that participants have and the depth of the
relationships they forge;
Measure success in terms of the number of people who are afforded such in-depth experiences
and their ability to translate what they have learned into tangible changes in their own society; and
Ensure that from these programs enduring networks get formed of people working together,
irrespective of borders, to address shared problems.
Target key groups for engagement
Given scarce resources, some key groups to target through citizen diplomacy programs include: youth,
teachers, emerging leaders, civil society leaders, artists and media figures, religious leaders, scientists,business leaders, other professionals and, most crucially, the Muslim American community.
Craft citizen diplomacy programs to take advantage of existing networks
and influencers
In an era of globalization where there often already exist connections among citizens, the challenge is to
craft citizen diplomacy programs that take advantage of existing market forces, trade flows, travel patterns,
media penetration, and social networks to create more numerous and more meaningful interactions between
citizens from the United States and from predominantly Muslim societies.
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21 Every Citizen A Diplomat
Utilize new technology and communication networks to increase engagement
New communications technologies from the Internet and text messaging to social networks and virtual
worlds open up new possibilities for engagement that are particularly promising for citizen diplomacy with
predominantly Muslim societies because they help overcome the barriers of distance, security, politics and
language that often place limits on physical exchanges.
Utilize virtual exchangesThe virtual exchanges that these new technologies enable are most promising and effective as a
complement to direct physical exchanges. They can open peoples eyes to new cultures and entice them to
pack their suitcases and experience for real what they have gotten a taste for on-line. They can also provide
the continued connectivity that makes the once-in-a-lifetime experience of a physical exchange more enduring
allowing acquaintances made across great distances to develop into enduring networks for cooperation.
Expand successful U.S. government programs to engage Muslim world
The U.S. government runs a number of valuable citizen diplomacy programs, like the Peace Corps, the
International Visitors Program, and the Fulbright Program, that should be expanded and updated for the
21st
century as important vehicles for engagement with predominantly Muslim societies. Particular attentionshould be paid to what comes after these exchanges on how robust alumni networks get created and for
what purposes they are deployed. At the same time, given the importance of the challenges we face, there
is also a need for greater experimentation and the development of a second-generation of citizen diplomacy
programs that reflect changed geopolitical realities, employ new technological tools, and are specifically
tailored to the requirements of predominantly Muslim societies.
Encourage a national effort by American citizens to increase
engagement and resources
To be successful, though, the United States efforts to engage with predominantly Muslim societies must
extend far beyond the work of a few well-intentioned U.S. government officials to become a truly national
effort. Like our earlier outreach to Europe and Japan, it must engage the imagination, creativity, and
financial and human resources of U.S. philanthropic organizations, corporations, and ordinary Americans.
The President should issue a call to service for Americans to engage in the kind of partnership building that
he spoke of so eloquently in his Cairo address, with the objective being nothing less than having a million
Americans travel on exchanges or participate in volunteer projects in predominantly Muslim societies over the
next decade. The U.S. government should commit $1 billion to this effort, which should be matched by an
equal $1 billion from the private sector.
Establish a private, not-for-profit organization to provide funding and coordination
of private sector efforts
Congress should consider establishing, with initial U.S. government funding, a private not-for-profit organization
designed to encourage, seed and coordinate private efforts in this area. This entity could become a
community foundation of sorts for advancing Americas relationship with predominantly Muslim societies.
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AMERICAS FOOTPRINT IN THE WORLD
As the U.S. Center strives to measure the impact of citizen diplomacy, one aspect of this is to compile data on the
number of Americans engaging in activities overseas and monitor the growth or decline of each category. This will
become one of many important facets of the ten-year initiative, as it will determine the overall success of the goal of
doubling the number of Americans involved in citizen diplomacy activities.
SECTION 1: AMERICAN POPULATION & PASSPORTS
Total U.S. Population: 304,059, 724 (2008 Census Bureau estimate)
Passports: Around 100 million total U.S. passport holders or 33% of total population
SOURCE: STATE DEPARTMENT, 2008
SECTION 2: INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES ABROAD
Volunteer service abroad: 1,032,780 volunteers | Volunteered 123,873,780 hours worth $2,508,428,399
SOURCE: CENTER FOR SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS, 2010
Government-sponsored exchanges: 55,298 American participants
Over 2.3 million international participants | SOURCE: IAWG, 2008
Peace Corps: 7,876 SOURCE: PEACE CORPS, 2008
Foreign Service: 12,782 SOURCE: STATE DEPARTMENT, 2008 (INCLUDES STATE DEPARTMENT & USAID)
Higher Education/studying abroad: 262,416 students - compared to 671,616 international students in the U.S.
SOURCE: IIE OPEN DOORS, 2008 ACADEMIC YEAR
High School Exchanges: 2,255 students
SOURCE: CSIET, 2008
Business/Convention: 7.389 million business travelers
SOURCE: OFFICE OF TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRIES, DEPT. OF COMMERCE, 2008
Tourists: 25.832 million
SOURCE: OFFICE OF TRAVEL & TOURISM INDUSTRIES, DEPT. OF COMMERCE, 2008
Faith-based missions: 149,179 congregations sent long-term missions abroad
107,403 congregations sent short-term missions abroad
SOURCE: THE HUDSON INSTITUTE, 2010
Expatriates: Estimated at 5.26 million SOURCE: ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN RESIDENTS OVERSEAS, 2008
Military: 510,539 active personnel are stationed overseas SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, 2008
Total travel outside US borders: 63.6 million Americans
Spending by US residents traveling abroad: $112.3 billion
SOURCE: OFFICE OF TRAVEL & TOURISM INDUSTRIES, INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, 2009
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SECTION 3: INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES AT HOME
Faith-based: A total of 242,000 congregations donated a total of $6.9 billion to US-based international relief
development organizations in 2008
SOURCE: THE HUDSON INSTITUTE, 2010
Volunteers involved in an international organization at home: 462,979 volunteersVolunteered 55,770,450 hours | Value of Volunteer Time: $1,129,351,619
SOURCE: THE HUDSON INSTITUTE, 2010
*Note: All figures are for 2008
Prepared by the U.S. Center for Citizen Diplomacy | does not account for duplicate data, for generalization purposes only
UPDATED: SEPTEMBER 2010
2010 National Award for Citizen Diplomacy honoree, Richard Webb, discusses stove installation with a Peruvian man.
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25 Every Citizen A Diplomat
interest and commitment in each of these specific areas. The forums will convene Summit Task Force
leaders, organizations from the various top ten best practices, interested individuals, relevant federal officials
and other entities that engage in international affairs to continue to maintain progress, provide updates,
urgent needs, celebrate successes, address critical issues, and continue to advance citizen diplomacy in
their field of work.
Task Force Groups: Measurable Outcomes and Tracking of Ten Best Programs
The three specific and measurable outcomes developed by each of the Task Force groups form a basis upon
which to measure success on an annual basis. The USCCD will maintain contact with those organizations and
individuals involved in the ten top programs to assess how effective the program is at engaging more citizen
diplomats, and, if applicable, include recommendations for improvement from the specific Task Force leaders
and members. This process will allow other organizations in the same sector to utilize these models, learn
from other organizations successes or failures, and enable them to scale effective programs that produce
measurable results.
Documenting Increased Citizen Participation: Americas Footprint Around the World
The USCCD will continue to maintain updates from reliable public and private entities that provide statistics
that quantify how many Americans are engaged in a variety of ways in international activity both at home and
abroad. The USCCD will also engage the international non-profit sector to obtain data on the number of citizens
involved in their programs and activities to locate any growth or decline and the impacts recorded. These
statistics will be included in an annual report beginning in 2011 and each year thereafter. The report will use new
census data as an ongoing baseline data. See current document, Americas Footprint Around the World.
It is known how many Americans are leaving our borders, how many are going overseas, and where they are
going, but what is not available or currently underway is a coordinated effort to obtain data and information
on what actions citizen diplomats are engaging in. This research will become a key component of the ten-yea
initiative, so each area of citizen diplomacy can be effectively analyzed in order to determine where there is
an overabundance of volunteers or activity that may be more detrimental than positive, as well as areas that
dont have enough volunteers to have sustain long-term, constructive impacts. Based on this research and
data, the USCCD will then mobilize its established networks, Task Force and Roundtable members,
and other active participants to develop recommendations and provide methods and strategies to execute
these recommendations.
World Summit on Global Citizen
The USCCD has begun to hold preliminary meetings with similar counterpart organizations throughout the
world to explore the potential of holding a World Summit on Global Citizen Diplomacy sometime in 2012,
in collaboration with the British Council and other similar international organizations. The goal of such an
international meeting would be to bring together similar private and public organizations around the world
committed to the concept of citizen diplomacy to form an international network of global citizen diplomats
and resources. The potential these networks have to effectively address the global challenges of the
21st Century is unlimited with the resources that even one individual can bring to the discussion table.
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Utilizing Technology to Engage More Citizen Diplomats at Home and Abroad
The USCCD will continue to take advantage of new and innovative technology to increase engagement among
citizen diplomats, international organizations and other interested parties throughout the ten-year campaign.
A redesigned website, complete with various tools for engagement, has been created to provide citizen
diplomats a variety of avenues through which to connect with international opportunities that include: all
fields of citizen diplomacy, relevant organizations, current events, forums and conferences, and inspirational
stories from fellow citizen diplomats about their travels and encounters around the world. The USCCDs
website and communications strategy allows for two-way conversations with citizen diplomats and individuals
around the world, rather than telling them what is best for them to do. This allows citizen diplomats to share
their observations in the field, what they would like to see happen, and how to best accomplish overcoming
global challenges. This two-way engagement via new technology enhances open sharing of information, best
practices, research, collaboration, and methods of increasing the number and the impact of citizen diplomats
around the world and in the United States.
Non-profit Leadership Training and Best Practices Institute
The USCCD will assess the need and explore organizational partners to create a leadership training and
best practices institute to serve international non-profit organizations of all kinds with the goal of enabling
these organizations to provide long-term, cost-effective programs that enhance leadership capacity and
effectiveness and develop committed future leaders in the international, non-profit sector.
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The U.S. Summit for Global Citizen Diplomacy was made possible by the following
generous sponsors and contributors. We celebrate these gifts and express our gratitude
for the impact theyve had, now and long into the future.
IN KIND CONTRIBUTORS
The Honorable Charles T. Manatt
Saturation Productions
PRESIDENTIAL SPONSORS
In support of the USCCD Web site and the
2010 National Awards for Citizen Diplomacy honorees
CORPORATE DIPLOMAT SPONSOR
Anonymous Family Foundation
GLOBAL CITIZEN DIPLOMAT SPONSORS
In support of International Cultural Engagement Task Force
CITIZEN DIPLOMAT SPONSOR
DIPLOMAT SPONSORS
In support of International
Cultural Engagement Task Force
In support of International Cultural
Engagement Task Force in partnership with
the National Endowment for the Arts
In support of K-12 Education Task Force
FRIEND OF THE SUMMIT |NON-PROFIT SPONSOR
TH
ANKY
OU
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