circulatory lab manual

7/23/2019 Circulatory Lab Manual

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/circulatory-lab-manual 1/5

Department of Pathology & Histology Preparedby:Lab Manual in HistologyDr. Ghassan Balousha MD. PhDLab No. (!:"ardio#as$ular system%ssistant Professor of Pathology'tudent Name:. )eg. No.

.

*+ Lab ,b-e$ti#es:- To focus on general structure of blood vessels, with specic features of thethree tonica.

- To illustrate the dierence between arteries and veins.- To illustrate the blood and nerve supply of blood vessels.- Microcirculation and microcirculatory bed. Regulation of microcirculation in thebody- Types of capillaries and anatomic distribution of each type.- Histophysiology of the heart, with microscopic structure of heart wall.-ierences between blood vessels and heart wall.

**+ Methodology:'lide : PresentingPo/er: Po/er:

'lide 0: ..Presenting

!



Po/er:

Po/er:

"



***+ Dis$ussion:1ry to di2erentiate bet/een the follo/ing stru$tures in short essaydes$ription:!. #essel wall in arteries and veins.

+ %rteries $ontain e3ternal and internal elasti$ lamina/hile #eins don4t.+1he /alls of the arteries are more elasti$ and arethi$5er than the #eins.+1uni$a media of the arteries is thi$5er than the #eins6/hile tuni$a ad#entitia is thi$5er in #eins.

". Medium si$e arteries and medium si$e veins.

+1he lumen of the #eins is bigger but more $ollapsed/hen it4s not full of blood6 /hile the lumen of thearteries is smaller and $ir$ular e#en if it4s emptybe$ause of the rigid /alls.+1he /alls of the #eins are thinner than arteries6 andthis is be$ause the thi$5er media layer /hi$h ha#e moresmooth mus$le layers in it than #eins and also be$ausethe intima of the arteries has a larger subendotheliallayer /hi$h may be not present in #eins.

%. &inusoids and somatic capillaries.

+1here are a lot big si7ed fenestrations in the /alls ofendothelial $ells in sinusoids $apillaries and /ithdis$ontinuous diaphragm and basal lamina6 /hile the/alls of somati$ or $ontinuous $apillaries are $ontinuousand there are no fenestrations in it6 and ha#e a$omplete diaphragm and basal lamina.

+'omati$ are found in all 5inds of ner#ous6 mus$le6$onne$ti#e tissue and e3o$rine glands6 /hile sinusoidsare found in li#er6 spleen6 bone marro/ and someendo$rine organs.

'. Tunica intima and endocardium.

+1uni$a intima is the innermost layer of the blood #essels/hi$h $onsists of single endothelial layer6

subendothelial layer of loose $onne$ti#e tissue and$ontaining some smooth mus$le $ells.

%



+8ndo$ardium is the inner most layer of the heart /hi$h$onsists of single s9uamous layer6 thin subendotheliallayer of loose $onne$ti#e tissue that $ontains $ollagenand elasti$ bers6 and $ontaining some smooth mus$le

$ells.

(. )arge si$e arteries and large si$e veins.

+Large arteries ha#e thi$5er tuni$a intima than #eins6

and it does also ha#e an internal elasti$ lamina but it;s

not easily dis$erned.

+1uni$a media is also mu$h thi$5er in arteries and

$ontains more elasti$ bers6 as for the elasti$ laminae6

/hi$h $auses the yello/ $olor in this layer6 it is present

in arteries but not in #eins6 and this tuni$a also $ontains

more smooth mus$les.

+1uni$a ad#entitia is thi$5er in #eins and $ontains

longitudinal bundles of smooth mus$le.

*<+ Des$ribe the importan$e of the follo/ing $lini$al notes:- *arotid bodies + carotid sinuses.

"arotid bodies are $hemore$eptors that are found in thebifur$ation of the $ommon $arotid arteries it dete$ts$hanges in the $on$entrations of ,0 and ",0 and PHle#els in the blood.

"arotid sinuses are barore$eptors that are found in theinternal $arotid arteries it dete$ts the $hanges in theblood pressure.

- re-capillary sphincter.

*t is a region bet/een metarterioles and the $apillarybed that $ontains smooth mus$le that regulates theentry of the blood to the $apillary and thus regulating

the pressure bet/een #enules and arterioles.

'



- #asoconstrictors and vasodilators

<aso$onstri$tors are fa$tors that $ause the lumen of the

blood #essels to narro/ by $ontra$tion of the smooth

mus$les /ithin the /alls of the #essels6 be$ause of thisthe blood =o/ de$reases as a result of in$reasing the

blood pressure.

<asodilators are fa$tors that $ause the lumen of the

blood #essels to dilate and be$ome /ider by rela3ation

of the smooth mus$les /ithin the /alls of the #essels6

be$ause of this the blood =o/ in$reases as a result of

de$reasing the blood pressure.

- Role of basal lamina of capillary in microcirculation.

*t pro#ides a smooth surfa$e for the =o/ of blood andregulates the mo#ements of /ater and dissol#edmaterials in the plasma bet/een the blood and thetissue6 it also produ$es mole$ules that dis$ourage theblood from $$lotting unless there is a lea5.

-lomus body and glomus tumor.

Glomus body is a $omponent of the dermis layer ofthe s5in6 it $onsists of an arterio+#enous shuntsurrounded by a $apsule of $onne$ti#e tissue. 1he roleof the glomus body is to shunt blood a/ay from the s5insurfa$e /hen e3posed to $old temperature6 thuspre#enting heat loss6 and allo/ing ma3imum heat =o/

to the s5in in /arm /eather to allo/ heat to dissipate.

Glomus tumor is $aused by inappropriately gro/th ofglomus bodies6 it is benign /hi$h means that it;s not$an$er but is #ery painful on e3posure to $old.

Best wishes, Dr. Ghassan Balousha

(

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin

circulatory lab manual

Documents