Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

Circulatory System

• Function:- transport nutrients, oxygen, and

wastes throughout the body• Closed system meaning that all

circulating fluid is contained in network or system of vessels

• Interconnected with respiratory system to supply cells with essentials needed for survival

- consists of a muscular pump (heart), blood vessels, and blood

Blood Vessels• Three types of blood vessels:

1. Arteries – Always carry blood Away from the heart

2. Capillaries – thin walled vessels that connect arteries and veins; allow gas exchange3. Veins – carry blood back to the heart

Heart• Four chambers• Upper chambers are the atria

(atrium) receives the blood• Lower chambers are the

ventricles; get blood from atria and pump out of the heart

• Right side carries deoxygenated blood

• Left side carries oxygenated blood

• Valves prevent backflow of blood through the chambers

Circulation Loops • Pulmonary circulation –

pumps oxygen poor blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of heart

• Systemic circulation - pumps oxygen rich blood from the left side of the heart to the rest of the body and back to the right side of heart

Pulse and Blood Pressure

• Pulse – beats per minute of blood against the artery walls close to skin

-can be taken by applying pressure to wrist (radial), upper arm or elbow (brachial), inner thigh (femoral), top of foot (pedal), or side of neck under jaw line (carotid)• Blood pressure – pressure of blood through artery walls

as it contracts out of the ventricles of the heart- first number is systolic – contraction of ventricle- second number is diastolic – relaxation of ventricle

Ex: 120/80 normal blood pressure rate

Respiratory System

• Function:*bring about the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood, air, and tissues

• Respiration – means the process of gas exchange- release of CO2 and uptake of O2- uptake of oxygen is required for cellular

respiration that will then produce ATP for the cells

Structures of RespirationSystem consists of: nasal passagespharynx – back of throatlarynx – voice box trachea- ringed windpipebronchi – branched tubesbronchioles – smaller extensions of bronchiAlveoli – tiny grape-like clusters of air sacs

Gas Exchange

• One lung contains about 150 million alveoli

• Alveoli have very thin capillary walls that allow the exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen

• Hemoglobin in red blood cells aids in efficiently transporting oxygen throughout the body

Breathing

• Breathing is the movement of air into and out of the lungs

• No muscles in the lungs just inflatable sacs• Diaphragm - is the muscle at the base of the

rib cage that contracts and brings in air (inhalation), then relaxes and pushes air out (exhalation)

Breathing