CIRCUITOS ELETRÔNICOS EMBARCADOSPSI2612

AULA 03

ASSUNTO: CONJUNTO DE INSTRUÇÕES

ROTEIRO

1. Introdução

2, Descrição das Instruções

3. Exemplos

4. Complementos do hardware

1. INTRODUÇÃO

NÚMERO DE INSTRUÇÕES : 35

GRUPOS

> Operações envolvendo todo o byte dos registradores: 18

> Operações envolvendo apenas um bit dos registradores: 4

> Operações com valores literais ou de controle: 13

Transmitter (USART/SCI) with 9-bit addressdetectionPIC16F877/874

TABELA 13-1:DESCRIÇÃO DOS CÖDIGOS UTILIZADOS NOS CAMPOS DAS INSTRUÇÕES

FIGURA 13.1: FORMATO GERAL PARA AS INSTRUÇÕES

TABELA 13-2 : CONJUNTO DE INSTRUÇÕES DO PIC

TABELA 13-2 :CONJUNTO DE INSTRUÇÕES DO PIC

TABELA 13-2 :CONJUNTO DE INSTRUÇÕES DO PIC

2. CONJUNTO DE INSTRUÇÕES

DESCRIÇÃO

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO ADDLW

ADDLW Add Literal and W-------------------------------------------------------Syntax [label] ADDLW k

Operands: 0 k 255 Operation: (W) + k (W)

Status Affected: C, DC, Z

Description: The contents of the Wregister are added to the eight bit literal ’k’ and the result is placed in the W register.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO ADDWF

ADDWF Add W and F---------------------------------------------------- Syntax: [label] ADDWF f,dOperands: 0 f 127

d [0,1]

Operation: (W) + (f) (destination)

Status Affected: C, DC, Z

Description: Add the contents of the W register with register ’f’. If ’d’ is 0, the resultis stored in the W register. If ’d’ is1, the result is stored back in register ’f’.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO ADDWF

ANDLW AND Literal with W--------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [label] ANDLW k

Operands: 0 k 255

Operation: (W) .AND. (k) (W)

Status Affected: Z

Description: The contents of W register areAND’ed with the eight bit literal'k'. The result is placed in the Wregister.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO ANDWFANDWF AND W with f---------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [label] ANDWF f,d

Operands: 0 f 127d [0,1]

Operation: (W) .AND. (f) (destination)

Status Affected: Z

Description: AND the W register with register 'f'. If 'd’ is 0, the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the resultis stored back in register 'f'.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO BCF

BCF Bit Clear f----------------------------------------------Syntax: [label] BCF f,b

Operands: 0 f 1270 b 7

Operation: 0 (f<b>)

Status Affected: None

Description Bit 'b' in register 'f' is cleared.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO BSF

BSF Bit Set f---------------------------------------------------Syntax: [label] BSF f,b

Operands: 0 f 1270 b 7

Operation: 1 (f<b>)

Status Affected: None

Description: Bit 'b' in register 'f' is set.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO BTFSSBTFSS Bit Test f, Skip if Set-----------------------------------------------------Syntax: [label] BTFSS f,b

Operands: 0 f 1270 b 7

Operation: skip if (f<b>) = 1

Status Affected: None

Description: If bit 'b' in register 'f' is '0', the nextinstruction is executed.If bit 'b' is '1', then the next instructionis discarded and a NOP is executed instead, making this a 2TCY instruction.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO BTFSCBTFSC Bit Test, Skip if Clear-------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [label] BTFSC f,b

Operands: 0 f 1270 b 7

Operation: skip if (f<b>) = 0

Status Affected: None

Description: If bit 'b' in register 'f' is '1', the nextinstruction is executed.If bit 'b', in register 'f', is '0', the next instruction is discarded, and a NOP is executed instead, making this a 2TCY instruction.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO CALLCALL Call Subroutine----------------------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] CALL k

Operands: 0 k 2047

Operation: (PC)+ 1 TOS,k PC<10:0>,(PCLATH<4:3>) PC<12:11>

Status Affected: None

Description: Call Subroutine. First, return address (PC+1) is pushed onto the stack. The eleven-bit immediate address is loaded into PC bits <10:0>. The upper bits of the PC are loaded from PCLATH. CALL is a two-cycle instruction.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO CLRF

CLRF Clear f------------------------------------------------Syntax: [label] CLRF f

Operands: 0 f 127

Operation: 00h (f)1 Z

Status Affected: Z

Description: The contents of register ’f’ arecleared and the Z bit is set.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO CLRW

CLRW Clear W---------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] CLRW

Operands: None

Operation: 00h (W)1 Z

Status Affected Z

Description: W register is cleared. Zero bit (Z) is set.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO CLRWDT

CLRWDT Clear Watchdog Timer-------------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] CLRWDT

Operands: None

Operation: 00h WDT0 WDT prescaler,1 TO1 PD

Status Affected: TO, PD

Description: CLRWDT instruction resets the Watchdog Timer. It also resets the prescaler of the WDT. Status bits TO and PD are set.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO COMF

COMF Complement f----------------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] COMF f,d

Operands: 0 f 127d . [0,1]

Operation: (f) (destination)

Status Affected: Z

Description: The contents of register ’f’ are complemented. If ’d’ is 0, theresult is stored in W. If ’d’ is 1, theresult is stored back in register ’f’.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO DECF

DECF Decrement f-------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [label] DECF f,d

Operands: 0 f 127d [0,1]

Operation: (f) - 1 (destination)

Status Affected: Z

Description: Decrement register ’f’. If ’d’ is 0,the result is stored in the Wregister. If ’d’ is 1, the result isstored back in register ’f’.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO DECFSZ DECFSZ Decrement f, Skip if 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] DECFSZ f,d

Operands: 0 f 127d [0,1]

Operation: (f) - 1 (destination);skip if result = 0

Status Affected: None

Description: The contents of register ’f’ are decremented. If ’d’ is 0, the result is placed in the W register. If ’d’ is 1, the result is placed back in register ’f’.If the result is 1, the next instruction is executed. If the result is 0, then a NOP is executed instead making it a 2TCYinstruction.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO GOTOGOTO Unconditional Branch-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] GOTO k

Operands: 0 k 2047

Operation: k PC<10:0>PCLATH<4:3> PC<12:11>

Status Affected: None

Description: GOTO is an unconditional branch.The eleven-bit immediate value isloaded into PC bits <10:0>. Theupper bits of PC are loaded fromPCLATH<4:3>. GOTO is a twocycleinstruction.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO INCFINCF Increment f-------------------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] INCF f,d

Operands: 0 f 127d . [0,1

Operation: (f) + 1 (destination)

Status Affected Z

Description: The contents of register ’f’ areincremented. If ’d’ is 0, the resultis placed in the W register. If ’d’ is1, the result is placed back inregister ’f’.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO INCFSZINCFSZ Increment f, Skip if 0-------------------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] INCFSZ f,d

Operands: 0 f 127d [0,1]

Operation: (f) + 1 (destination),skip if result = 0

Status Affected: None

Description: The contents of register ’f’ are incremented. If ’d’ is 0, the result is placed in the W register. If ’d’ is 1, the result is placed back in register ’f’. If the result is 1, the next instruction is executed. If the result is 0,a NOP is executed instead, making

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO IORLW

IORLW Inclusive OR Literal with W---------------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] IORLW k

Operands: 0 k 255

Operation: (W) .OR. k (W)

Status Affected: Z

Description: The contents of the W register areOR’ed with the eight bit literal 'k'.The result is placed in the Wregister.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO IORWFIORWF Inclusive OR W with f----------------------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] IORWF f,d

Operands: 0 f 127d [0,1]

Operation: (W) .OR. (f) (destination)

Status Affected: Z

Description: Inclusive OR the W register withregister 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result isplaced in the W register. If 'd' is 1the result is placed back inregister 'f'.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO MOVFMOVF Move f-----------------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] MOVF f,d

Operands: 0 f 127d [0,1]

Operation: (f) (destination)Status Affected: Z

Description: The contents of register f are moved to a destination dependant upon the status of d. If d = 0, destination is W register. If d = 1, the destination is file register f itself. d = 1 is useful to test a file register, since status flag Z is affected.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO MOVLW

MOVLW Move Literal to W---------------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] MOVLW k

Operands: 0 k 255

Operation: k (W)

Status Affected: None

Description: The eight bit literal ’k’ is loadedinto W register. The don’t careswill assemble as 0’s.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO MOVWF

MOVWF Move W to f--------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] MOVWF f

Operands: 0 f 127

Operation: (W) (f)

Status Affected: None

Description: Move data from W register to register 'f'.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO NOP

NO No Operation---------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] NOP

Operands: None

Operation: No operation

Status Affected: None

Description: No operation.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO RETFIE

RETFIE Return from Interrupt--------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] RETFIE

Operands: None

Operation: TOS PC,1 GIE

Status Affected: None

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO RETLW

RETLW Return with Literal in W-----------------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] RETLW k

Operands: 0 k 255

Operation: k (W);TOS PC

Status Affected: None

Description: The W register is loaded with theeight bit literal 'k'. The programcounter is loaded from the top ofthe stack (the return address).This is a two-cycle instruction.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO RLFRLF Rotate Left f through Carry-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] RLF f,d

Operands: 0 f 127d [0,1]

Operation: See description below

Status Affected: C

Description: The contents of register ’f’ are rotatedone bit to the left through the CarryFlag. If ’d’ is 0, the result is placed inthe W register. If ’d’ is 1, the result isstored back in register ’f’.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO RETURN

RETURN Return from Subroutine-------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] RETURN

Operands: None

Operation: TOS PC Status Affected: None

Description: Return from subroutine. The stackis POPed and the top of the stack(TOS) is loaded into the programcounter. This is a two-cycleinstruction.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO RRF

RRF Rotate Right f through Carry--------------------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] RRF f,d

Operands: 0 f 127d [0,1]

Operation: See description below

Status Affected: C

Description: The contents of register ’f’ are rotated one bit to the right through the Carry Flag. If ’d’ is 0, the result is placed in the W register. If ’d’ is1, the result is placed back in register ’f’.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO SLEEPSLEEP----------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] SLEEP

Operands: NoneOperation: 00h WDT,

0 WDT prescaler,1 TO,0 PD

Status Affected: TO, PD

Description: The power-down status bit, PD is cleared. Time-out status bit, TO is set. Watchdog Timer and its prescaler are cleared.The processor is put into SLEEPmode with the oscillator stopped.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO SUBLW

SUBLW Subtract W from Literal-----------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] SUBLW k

Operands: 0 k 255

Operation: k - (W) (W)

Status Affected: C, DC, Z

Description: The W register is subtracted (2’scomplement method) from theeight-bit literal 'k'. The result isplaced in the W register.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO SUBWF

SUBWF Subtract W from f---------------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] SUBWF f,d

Operands: 0 f 127d [0,1]

Operation: (f) - (W) (destination)

Status Affected: C, DC, Z

Description Subtract (2’s complement method) W register from register 'f'. If 'd' is 0, the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is stored back in register 'f'.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO SWAPFSWAPF Swap Nibbles in f--------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [ label ] SWAPF f,d

Operands: 0 f 127d [0,1]

Operation: (f<3:0>) (destination<7:4>),(f<7:4>) (destination<3:0>)

Status Affected: None

Description: The upper and lower nibbles ofregister ’f’ are exchanged. If ’d’ is0, the result is placed in the Wregister. If ’d’ is 1, the result isplaced in register ’f’.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO XORLW

XORLW Exclusive OR Literal with W----------------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [label] XORLW k

Operands: 0 k 255

Operation: (W) .XOR. k (W)

Status Affected: Z

Description: The contents of the W registerare XOR’ed with the eight-bit literal'k'. The result is placed inthe W register.

DESCRIÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO XORWFXORWF Exclusive OR W with f----------------------------------------------------------------------Syntax: [label] XORWF f,d

Operands: 0 f 127d [0,1]

Operation: (W) .XOR. (f) (destination)

Status Affected Z

Description: Exclusive OR the contents of theW register with register 'f'. If 'd' is0, the result is stored in the Wregister. If 'd' is 1, the result isstored back in register 'f'.

3. EXEMPLOS

EXEMPLO 01

LEITURA DE DADOS DA EEPROM

EEPROM(EEADR) EEDATA

ARQUITETURA DO PIC16F87X

MAPA DOS REGISTRADORES

REGISTRADOR DE STATUS

REGISTRADOR EECON1

EXEMPLO DE PROGRAMA

EXEMPLO 2

ESCRITA NA MEMÓRIA FLASH DE PROGRAMA

REGISTRADORES ASSOCIADOS À MEMÓRIA FLASH DE PROGRAMA

EXEMPLO 2

EXEMPLO 3 São dados dois Microcontroladores , A e B

Desenvolver um programa para o microcontrolador A que receberá de B um bloco de no máximo 61 bytes.

O programa deverá ser armazenado na Memória de Programa a partir da posição X.

O primeiro dado recebido informa o número de bytes que virão a seguir(desconsiderar este ), e que será armazenado na posição 20h

Os dados seguintes deverão ser guardados alternadamente na memória de dados a partir das posições 31h e 61h.

ADOTAR. O microcontrolador A receberá um byte de cada vez através dos pinos <RB7-RB0>.. A utilizará RA0 como informação de entrada para controle e RA1 para saída. SEQUÊNCIA1. A comunica B( que está receptivo ) que inicializou o programa colocando RA1 0,1,0 ,permanecendo neste último.2. A consulta a disponibilidade de um byte em <RB7-RB0> através de RA0 .3. Quando RA0 for 1 (inicialmente 0 ) o dado estará disponível .4. A lê a informação ,armazena e envia através de RA1(=1) informação que já registrou o dado ,ficando operando 02 NOP e RA1 volta para zero( B está recptivo )5. B recebe a informação e zera RA0 e disponibiliza novo byte de dado ,setando RA0 ,6. Aoperação se repete aié o término dos dados .

PROGRAMAX BSF STATUS,RP0

BCF STATUS,RP1 ,banco 1MOVLW 01h ,direcionaMOVWF TRISA ,portaAMOVLW FF ,direcionaMOVWF TRISB ,portaBBCF STATUS,RP0 ,banco 0BCF PORTAA,1NOPNOPBSF PORTAA,1NOPNOPBCF PORTAA,1

Y MOVF PORTAA,PORTAA ,d=1 lêBTFSS PORTAA,0GOTO Y

PROGRAMA (continuação)

MOVWF NUMDAD(20h)MOVLW 31hMOVWF ENDA(21h)MOVLW 61hMOVWF ENDB(22h)

U MOVF ENDA(21),W ,d=0CALL ZINCF ENDA(21)MOVF ENDB(22h),W ,d=0CALL ZINCF ENDB(22h)DECF NUMDAD(20) ,DECFZ NUMDAD(20) GOTO U

END

MOVF PORTAB,PORTAB ,d=1lêMOVF PORTAB,W ,d=0

SUBROTINA

Z MOVWF FSRBSF POTAA,1NOPNOPBCF PORTAA,1

Z+5 MOVF PORTA,PORTAA ,d=1 lêBTFSS PORTAA,0GOTO Z+5MOVF PORTAB,PORTAB ,d=1 lêMOVF PORTAB,WMOVWF INDEF ,M(FSR) WRETURN