cinema novo lecture 15. snap shot of brazilian film production 1978—most successful year ever;...
TRANSCRIPT
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Cinema Novo
Lecture 15
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Snap shot of Brazilian Film Production
• 1978—most successful year ever; 61.8 million spectators; 29.2% of the market; 100 films produced
• 1992—36,000 spectators; 3 films produced• 2002—7.4 million spectators; 30 films
produced
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Early Cinema in Brazil
• First screening held in Rio de Janeiro in July 1896 (six months after Lumiere’s Paris screening)
• 1900-1912: Bela Época– Brazilian films dominated the internal market—
over 100 films per year• Film in Brazil: always an elite/middle class
attraction (not popular with the working classes)
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Brazilian Avant-Garde
• Mário Peixoto’s Limite (1930)– “The Brazilian Experimental film”– Eisenstein referred to it as a “work of genius”
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Humberto Mauro, pioneer of Brazilian film
• First film 1925• Made Fiction films in 1920s and 1930s• Made Documentaries for INCE (National
Institute of Educational Cinema) in 1936-1967 (357 documentary films)
• Most important precursor to Cinema Novo• Ganga Bruta (1933)--masterpiece
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Before Cinema Novo, 1930s-1950s:Experiments in industrial film production (sound film)
– Cinédia Studios• Chanchada genre (musical comedies)
– Alô, Alô, Carnaval (Adhemar Gonzaga, 1936)» Carmen Miranda
– Atlântida Studio (Rio de Janeiro)—vertically integrated• Chanchada
– Vera Cruz Studio (São Paulo)—”Tropical Hollywood”—modeled on MGM• Established 1949, Bankrupt in 1954• Produced O Cangaceiro (Lima Barreto, 1953)
– won highest award at the Cannes film festival
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Carmen Miranda, chanchada star
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Brazil, 1950s
• Developmental Nationalism– President Juscelino Kubitschek (1956-1961)• Rapid industrialization:
– b/t 1955-1964—industrial production increased by 80%– Develop national industry with the help of foreign capital and
loans from the IMF
• New Capital City: Brasilía– Built by Oscar Niemeyer (architect) and Lucio Costa (town-
planner)– Building began in 1956; city inaugurated in 1960
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Brasilía, Capital of Brazil
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Original design of the Pilot Plan by Lucio Costa, 1957
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Cinema Novo
• Three phases– Phase 1: 1960-1964– Phase 2: 1964-1968– Phase 3: 1968-1972
• Directors: Glauber Rocha, Ruy Guerra, Carlos Diegues, Nelson Pereira dos Santos
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Cinema Novo, Phase 1: 1960-1964
• Mode of Production– Independent and artisanal • i.e. total rejection of the Vera Cruz and chanchada models
– Low budget (ex: $25,000 to make _Vidas Secas_)• Mode of representation– Outdoor, location shooting– Nonprofessional actors– Themes: Everyday life themes; Progressive, socially critical of lack of
institutions– Cinematography: overexposure; high contrast; handheld camera
work; mobile; long takes; no filters or bounce boards– Sound: ambient; no score– Editing: Continuity– Mise-en-scene: realist
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Vidas Secas, opening sequence (Nelson Pereira dos Santos, 1963)
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Vidas Secas, ox cart (diegetic sound) (Nelson Pereira dos Santos, 1963)
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Vidas Secas, ending(Nelson Pereira dos Santos, 1963)