CIGRE’s technical activities are split into 16 fields, each under the responsibility of a Study Committee

coordinating the activities in each field. Approximately 200 Working Groups are constantly operating,

grouping together over 2000 experts within the electric energy sector from all over the world, who are ideally

CIGRE AG “Network of the Future”

ELECTRICITY SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF THE FUTURE

Nikos Hatziargyriou

SC C6 Chair National Technical University of

Athens, Greece nh@power.ece.ntua.gr

CIGRE’s technical activities are split into 16 fields, each under the responsibility of a Study Committee

coordinating the activities in each field. Approximately 200 Working Groups are constantly operating,

grouping together over 2000 experts within the electric energy sector from all over the world, who are ideally

The purpose of modern power systems is to supply electric energy satisfying the following conflicting requirements:

• High reliability and security of supply • Most economic solution • Best environmental protection

THE NETWORK OF THE FUTURE AG

Future work • Modeling and analysis of active

networks. • Environmental issues

Key

Challenges • Distribution level needs

more ‘smartness’. • Massive penetration of

smaller units imposes the need for their control and coordination. The coordination of millions of small resources poses huge technical challenge, requires application of decentralized, intelligent control techniques.

• Smart metering massive implementation.

• Novel distribution network architectures Microgrids and Virtual Power Plants

Key

Challenges • New architectures

of ICT for system operation, protection …

• What data must be exchanged and its requirements (volume, frequency, availability, security etc …)

Issues of • Disaster recovery

and restoration plans

• Cyber security and access control Future work

Effects on power system operation and control

Key Challenges

• Network performance needs to be carefully studied, with appropriate models of the HVDC and PE systems.

• Harmonic distortion of HVDC and PE to be managed with ac and dc harmonic filtering.

• HVDC and PE different response to conventional generation during faults in the ac network.

• HVDC Grids are a new and different application of HVDC and requires standards and grid codes to enable the grid to be built gradually, and with converters from different manufacturers, similar for ac networks.

Future work The penetration of power electronics at

medium and low voltage levels

Key Challenges Construction Issues

• Advanced material for construction

• Reduction of installation and construction costs

• Reduction of environmental impact, recycling

• Reduction of energy losses, improve efficiency of charge/discharge cycles.

• Decrease weight and increase size density

• Life-time estimation models, ageing mechanism

• Operation and network issues

• Modeling for steady state and dynamic simulations.

• Management for storage • Sizing of storage devices • Co-operation with RES

for hybrid systems • Management in

Autonomous systems. • Ability to reduce peaks • Co-operation with DSM

Future work • Development in storage technologies, in material and devices or methods • Storage analytical models • Storage solutions connected via Power Electronics for reactive power

management, potential integration with HVDC Grids • Effect of large scale storage in the development and operation of the power

system

Key challenges 1. Operational challenges by combination of stochastic generation loads due to DSM and energy storage.

• Power balancing • Congestion management • Active and reactive reserves • Risk management

2. Evolution of power system control at Continental, Country, Regional and local

• Improve the awareness of the overall system status

• Define boundaries between TSO and DSO systems

• Information exchange and operational interfaces between TSO and other actors: production and load centres

3. Increased level of automation • New software tools to quickly

determine the status of the system over wide area and to alarm system operators

• Automated adjustment of the configuration and electrical parameters of the system

• Automated service restoration and adapted disaster recovery

4. Ensure competencies and adapt training of System operators

Future work • Challenges in control centres due to intermittent renewable

generation, level of conventional generation? • Critical infrastructure protection against cyber attacks • Ancillary services from intermittent generation • Harmonisation of grid codes for wind farms connecting to the grid • How to handle large blackout events in a market based system

where demand control can be based on market signals

Key Challenges

New Wide area Protection systems for Transmission, overcome limitations of special protection schemes in terms of reliability, flexibility and maintenance cost. Impact on the protection system of new generation technologies (decreasing short circuit power). Capabilities for Fault Ride Trough. Coordination between protection and new generators capabilities. Inadvertent Islanding detection and intentional islanded operation. New protection and automation functions for distribution network. Development of powerful com-munication networks in distribution systems. Metering as information collectors for distribution networks automation, home energy management and EVs. Future work

• Modeling of protection devices and consideration of protection in analytical tools

• Protection of active networks including low voltage networks

Key Challenges

• Changing role of the power

system impacts the ability to plan to minimize asset stranding while maintaining reliability and quality.

• Changes in technology (need to understand cost, capabilities and lead times of each solution to enable comparison between options)

• Changing economic drivers (Impacts availability of funding and investment risk)

• Changing market and regulatory environment (impacts on level of central planning vs. market solutions)

• Changing nature of supply and demand (increases uncertainty of long term solutions and potential for asset stranding)

Future work • Environmental effects and the functioning of

electricity markets. • Effects of protection • The integration of HVDC Grids and AC

Networks

Key Challenges

• Advanced numerical

techniques and numerical methods for the solution of dynamic problems in integrated timeframes and multiphase load-flow problems,

• Bridging the gap between 3-phase and positive sequence modeling.

• Advanced tools and techniques for power balancing and reserve requirement evaluation

• Operational tools allowing a probabilistic and risk-based planning

• Advanced load modeling techniques

• Multi agent techniques. • Model active control

strategies (centralized control systems, grid-friendly appliances, demand side management, etc.).

Future work New tools for development and operation of active networks, especially their dynamic behavior, islanding and power quality effects. Models for assessing the interaction between the ac system and HVDC converter stations, HVDC Grids and for FACTS devices

Technical Issues

• Technologies for uprating existing lines : replace old conductors by high temperature conductors, re-tension existing conductors, upgrade tension level, use real time thermal monitoring,…

• Convert AC to DC lines, • Develop new insulated AC

or DC submarine and underground cables for offshore wind farms,

• Investigate the stability of the network taking into account these new materials,

• Investigate the ability of all components to withstand transients and over voltages,

Future work Increased use of interconnections and their implications on planning, operation & control and the establishment of electricity markets

Key Challenges

In the planning phase:

to demonstrate the usefulness and the benefits given by the network, to guarantee that Sustainable Development principles and issues are being incorporated since this stage, to take into account public views and needs already in the design steps (e.g. the choice of alternatives)

In the construction and operation phases;

to demonstrate the compliance with environmental standards, to obtain a support to the necessary actions (e.g. maintenance, …).

Future work The development of electricity systems of the future requires extensive engagement with key stakeholders to ensure the required investments receive government and community support and gain access to scarce capital.

WG C6.20: Integration of Electric Vehicles in Electric Power

Prepare the power system for a progressive EV deployment

EV aggregator providing

with home connected EV

• Key Drivers: Social behavior of EV drivers, CO2 emissions, RES integration

• EV deployment scenarios and business models • Identification of management and control solutions to accommodate

large scale deployment of EV taking into account drivers interaction • System impacts resulting from the presence of EV • Standardization of technologies and technical requirements • The effects of EV into electricity markets and the need for regulatory

and support mechanisms

CHAdeMO Connector

PLAYERSCONTROL HIERARCHY

DMS

CAMC

CVC

MGCC

Control Level 3

VC

RAU

MGAU

TSO

GENCO

DSO

Control Level 1

Control Level 2

Suppplier/AggregatorDis

trib

utio

n Sy

stem

Transmission System

Generation System

Ele

ctric

ity M

arke

t O

pera

tors

Technical Operation Market Operation

Electric Energy

Electric Energy

Technical Validation of the Market Negotiation (for the transmission system)

Electric Energy

Reserves

Reserves

Parking Parking BatteryReplacement

BatteryReplacement

EVOwner/Electricity

consumer

Parking Facilities

Battery Suppliers

Electricity Supplier

Electricity Consumer

Electric Energy

Controls (in normal system operation) At the level ofCommunicates with

Sell offerBuy offer

Technical validation of the market resultsControls (in abnormal system operation/emergency mode)

Reserves 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Po

we

r (M

W)

Dumb Charging (25% EV) Without EV

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Po

we

r (M

W)

Multiple Tariff (35% EV) Without EV

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Po

we

r (M

W)

Smart Charging (57% EV) Without EV

Load profiles with different EV

charging strategies

Technical management and market operation

framework for EV integration

• Definitions • Benefits • Functionalities and technologies • Business cases • Roadmap • Annex 1: Demonstration projects • Annex 2: Microgrids use cases • Annex 3: Microgrids definitions and nomenclature

WG C6.22: Microgrid Evolution Roadmap Microgrids are electricity distribution systems containing loads and distributed energy

resources, (such as distributed generators, storage devices, or controllable loads) that can

be operated in a controlled, coordinated way either while connected to the main power

network or while islanded.

34 members, experts and correspondents:

Europe (13), Americas (11), Australia (2), Asia (7), Africa (1)

Alameda County Santa Rita Jail

12 kV sub-cycle static switch

When a disturbance to the utility grid occurs, the automatic disconnect switch enables the facility to “island” itself from the main utility grid and independently generate and store its own energy.

The CERTS-enabled smart grid supports the seamless integration of additional distributed technologies, including generation, storage, controls and communications.

Energy Storage System:

Lithium Ion 4 MW-hr 2 MW power

The Distributed Energy Resources Management System (DERMS)

1 MW fuel cell

1.2 MW PV

12kV sub-cycle static disconnect switch

Chevron Energy Solutions © 2012 Chevron

Santa Rita Jail Microgrid, California University ZoneEnergy CenterEnergy CenterFor this DemoFor this DemoFor this DemoFor this Demo

Jan 15/16 2013 © 2013 NTT FACILITIES, Inc. All rights reserved. 8

Source: Tohoku Fukushi Univ. Web Site

Sendai Microgrid, Japan Mannheim-Wallstad Microgrid, Germany

Labein Microgrid Lab, S

pain

WG C6.24: Capacity of Distribution Feeders for Hosting DER

Connection and Integration of DER

Objectives • Study DER penetration potential and technical evaluation practices adopted by

DSOs all over the world

Membership: 32 experts from 19 countries/5 continents

Technical Brochure highlights

• Overview of technical issues limiting DER hosting capacity

• Outline of DSO evaluation practices (21 countries – emphasis on practical rules

and limits)

• Discussion on means

employed by DSOs to

increase hosting capacity

• Case studies