(church history part ii)€¦ · zion bible correspondence course pawlpi tangthu part ii (church...

ZBCC Pawlpi Tangthu pan Doctrine Bulpite Part II 2013

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ZION BIBLE CORRESPONDENCE COURSE

PAWLPI TANGTHU PART II (church history PART II)

Kizopna Ding

Yangon: Rev. Dr. Suan Za Khup, Email: [email protected], H.P. 09 4210 46935 Kalaymyo: Sia Pum Sian Khai, Kale II Mission Director, H.P. 09 4005 11669

Tedim: Rev. Thang Suan Lian, Ph. 070 50 611; Sia Pau Khaw Tuan, Ph. 070 50 372

mailto:[email protected]


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A SUNGA OM THUTE

DOCTRINE KHENKHAT ETPHATKIKNA (AD 100—500)

Laisiangtho Humop………………………………………………………………..………………………..1

Pasian Khat Thu ah Monarchianism……………………………………………………….……………….1

Dynamic Monarchianism upna……………………………………………………….……………2

Modalistic Monarchianism upna……………………………………………………..…………….2

AD 325 Hunma Trinity Upna Hong Khanzia ..…………………………………………………………....3

Trinity Tawh kisai kammal zatziate………………………………………………………………………...5

Nicence Council AD 325 Etphat kikna……………………………………………………………………..5

Nicence Council Nungsang Thute………………………………………………………………………….7

GREEK ORTHODOX (EASTERN CHURCH) LEH ROMAN CATHOLIC (WESTERN

CHURCH) KILAMDANNA……………………...………………………………………………………8

RC SEVEN SACRAMENTS

Baptism……………………………………………………………………………………………………..9

Confirmation…………………………………………………………………………….………………….9

The Eucharist……………………………………………………………………………………………….9

Penance (Confession) ………………………………………………………………………………………9

Holy Orders…………………………..……………………………………………………………………10

Matrimony (Marriage). ………………………………………………………………...…………………10

Extreme Unction (Anointing the Sick) ………………………………………………...…………………10

PAWLPI KI TAPKHAP SUNG LEH KIPUAHPHAT HUNSUNG (AD 1453-1648)…….………..10

Laisiangtho Tungtawn in………………………………………………………………………………….10

Printing Press………..…………………………………………………………………………….………10

Martin Luther………………………………………………………………………………….…………..10

Ulrich Zwingly……………………………………………………………………………….……………11

John Calvin………………………………….……………………………………………….……………12

John Knox.. ……………………………………………………………………………………...………..13

Anabaptist Thu………………………………………………………………………………….…………13

COUNCIL THUPI ZAWDEUH TUAMTUAMTE (1500-1900)

The Council of Trent (1545-1563) ………………………………………………………………..………14

Westminster Confession (1643-1649) ……………………………………………………………………15

Vatican Council……………………………………………………………………………………………16

KUM ZALOM 20 KHANLAWHNA (2Oth Century Revival)

Bethel College ah Khanlawhna……………………………………………………………………………18

Pentecostal Kha Khanlawhna tawh Jesu min Tonkhawm……………………………………...…………18

Khanlawhna in Leitung Khempeuh ah Hong Kizel…………………………………………...…………..18

INNLAI KHAWK…………………………………………………………………………………………19

RC TE NGAIHSUTNA PAN POPE KHANGGUI SIMNA………………………………..………….20


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DOCTRINE KHENKHAT ETPHATKIKNA(AD 100-500) LAISIANGTHO HUMOP

Sawltakte hunciangin, Thuciam Lui bu khempeuh phial pen Pasian humop LST hi ci in, kiciamteh khin hi.

Ruth, Esther, Solomonla, cihte pen council of Jamnia AD 90 kumciangin, a dangte tawh kigawmkhawm in

a vek in Thuciam Lui bu 39 Pasian humop hi ci in, kiciamteh hi. Pentecost ni in sawltakte tungah

Khasiangtho hong tunga, Pasian humop LST a gelh dingin Pasian in amaute sathau nilh hi. Lungdamna

thu bucing tangko diingbek hinawnlo in, LST mahmah a gelh ding in sathau nilhna hongngah uh ahi hi.

Pawlpi dincil lai in sawltakte gelh laikhakte pen LST bangin thu um masate in na ngaihsunta uh hi

(2Tim.3:16; 2Pit.3:15-16).

Post-Apostolic Writers a tamzaw in Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak te pen Pasian humop hi ci in,

khamuang takin na pomkhin ta uh hi. Ahizongin, AD 150 kim pawl panin Marcion leh a mipihte in

Thuciam Thak pen hong phelkham in, Paul Laikhakte bek LST bangin ngaihsun in, a dangte deihlo cih

bangin hong omciangin, pawlpi adingin bang teng taktak LST in ciamteh leng hoih ding hiam cih council

ah kikup ding hong kul ta hi.

Sawltakte in a khut uh tawh a gelh ngiat ngiat uh original pen thupi phadiak laibu hongsuak hi. Pawlpi a

kibawlsiat hun laitak ahih man in, hoihtakin kepcing zawh ding a baih hetlo khat ahi hi. Savun tungah

kigelh ahih manin, savun tampi leh saupi kisam hi. Gentehna in, Sawltak LST pen a sauna pi 30 , a golna

pi 6 cih bang hi in, gal lau in a tai kawm un bu khat bek pasal hat li bangin zawng uh hi. Thu um mite a

kibawlsiatpi hunsung hi sawnsawn in, kumpi thuneihna tawh LST khempeuh beisiang sakding hanciam

uh hi. Ahizongin, lei leh van a mangthang zongin Pasian thu a hih leh a mangthang ngeihloh ding lam

Jesu in na gen khin zo hi (Mt.5:18). Kumpite in LST beisiang sak zo ngeilo uh hi.

Carthage Coucil 397 kum ciangin, LST bu 66 te pen kipsakna hong nei uh a, tua sungah Apocrypha kihel

lo in, Thuciam Lui a kipsaksa bu 39 leh LST thak bu 27 te kipsakna hong nei uh hi. Hih kum pan kipan in

LST tawh kisai buaina kinei nawnlo hi. Ahizongin, RC te in a tuam in Apocrypha (bu 14) leh

Pseudopigrapha (bu 7) siampite sim ding ci in a tuamin nei uh hi. Pawlpi in hih aporcypha leh

pseudopigrapha bute a san lohna uh ahang, (1) Jews minamte in LST bang in ngaihsun ngeilo uh hi. (2)

Thuciam lui bu nunung penpen Malakhi khit ciangin a kigelhte a hi hi. (3) A gelh kua hiam cih kitheilo, a

gelh kum kitheilo, a gelhna mun zong a kician kitheilo. (4) Jesu leh sawltakte in khatvei beek simkha

ngeilo uh hi, LST a cihna sungah kihelkhalo hi (Lk.24:44). (5) Doctrine manlo, a dang LST tawh a kilehbulh

pawl khat om hi, misisate ading thungetsakna, gamtatpha tawh gupna kingah, mawhna thaman kipia

thei (mihing siamna tawh), mihingte kha pen a kibawlsa hi a, nausuah ciangin hong lut zel uh, tangthu ki

tukalh, khangtangthu manlo, cih bang tuamtuam kihel hi.

PASIAN KHAT THU AH MONARCHIANISM

Monarchianism cih kammal pen Greek kammal pan hi a, a khiatna “One Rule,” “Ukpa Khat” cih thu tawh

Pasian omzia upna tuamtuam ahi hi. Leitung leh vantung ah ukna a nei khat om hi cih gennopna ahi hi.

Old Catholic Age hun in Tertullian, Origen leh a dang trinity upna hong pankhiate genna ah ukpa khat

bek om hi cih ngaihsutna sungah Pasian khat sungah mi pum thum hi a, ukpa khat bek mah hi ci uh hi,

ahizongin amau hunlai mahmah in zong hih ngaihsutna pen a tamzaw in sang theilo uh hi. Amau


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ngaihsutna Ukna khat nei hi a cih uh hangin, Jew mite upna (Thuciam Lui) ngeina tawh kituaklo ahih man

in amau upna pen Dynamic Monoarchianism “changing Ruler” ci in Historian ten min vawh uh hi. A dang

khat leuleu, Pasian khat bek mah om a, amah bek mah Ukpa hiden hi cih upna pen “Modalistic

monarchianism” Ukpa khat bek hitawntung” cih upna ci in nam nih in khen uh hi:

Dynamic Monarchianism upna

Dynamic monarchians ngaihsutna ah Jesu pen Pasian khat bek mihing bangin hong kumsuk hilozaw in,

mihing hong hihna ah Pasian hong suak a, Khasiangtho tawh kidim in om hi, sathau nilhna a ngah ahi hi,

ci uh hi. Historian te genna ah, Khazih hong hihna ah a hunzui in Pasian hihna ah bucing takin na hong

sem toto hi, cih nopna ahi hi. Tua bang ngaihsutna pen dynamic “changing” “kikhel” toto cihna ahi hi.

Hih ngaihsutna in Tawntung Pa “Everlasting Father” mihing hong suahna “incarnation” bucing taktak in

gensiang theilo hi.

Oneness Pentecostal laigelh siam William Chalfant in a genna ah, khanglui leh khangthak trinity laigelh

leh upna neite in Khazih pen Pasian 100% hi a cih uh hangin, Tapa hong hihna pen Pasian a hihna ci in, a

gen uh pen genkhial mahmah uh hi, ci hi. LST in Tapa cih kammal a zatna mun khempeuh pen mihing

hongsuahna a gen nuam ahihna phawk khalo uh hi. Tapa cih kammal pen mihing hongsuahna a

gennopna in, Pasian pen mihing bangin hong suahna a gennuam hi a, Pasian ahihna a genna hilo hi “The

term “Son” refers to God’s incarnation not His Divinity.” Dynamic Monarchians pupi ahi Tertullian leh

Origen te in a hilhcianna vuah, Pa sangin Tapa lian zawlo a, Pa thuneihna nuai ah Tapa a gamtang ahi hi

ci uh hi “they (Tertullian and Origen) said, the title of the Son refers to Christ’s deity and the Son was

inferior to the Father.” Tertullian in, Logos (“Thu”) cih ahilhcianna ah Thu ih cih pen Pasian Pilna hi a,

Pasian pilna pen Thu in hong kilangkhia hi in, Thu in kipat hun nei hi. Thu pen Pasian tawh om khawm hi

(Jn.1:1) cih hun pan kipanin Pa Pasian cih kammal a kizang pan ahi hi, tua ahih man in Thu pen To Nihna

“The Second Person” hi ci in hilh hi. Pa Pasian leh Tapa Pasian in mun khempeuh ah a ompihna pen Kha

tawh a hih man in, Khasiangtho pen a thumna hi ci in, hilh hi. Modalistic te in hih ngaihsutna nakpitakin

nial hi.

Modalistic Monarchianism

Historian te in Dynamic monarchianism a langpang upna pen Modalistic Monarchianism ahih kei leh

Modalism ci uh hi. Modalistic ngaihsutna ah Pasian pen khat bek mah hi tawntung a, Pa, Tapa,

Khasiangtho cih kammal pen mipum thum a tuamtek hizawlo in, ahun zui in Pasian in leitung ah na hong

sepzia leh hong kilahkhiatna nam thum in genna ahi hi, ci uh hi. Jesu Khazih pen tangtawn Pasian mihing

hong suahna hi a, amah bek mah Pasian ahi hi, “Jesus Christ is the manifestation of the One God”. Tua

ahihmanin Pasian pianzia khempeuh abucingin Jesu sungah om hi. Tapa cih kammal tawh kisai in

Modalistic ngaihsutna ah Pasian pen taksa tawh hong kilahkhiatna a genna kammal hi a, Pasian ahihna a

genna hilo in, mihing hong suahna (incarnation) kammal ahi hi, ci uh hi. Modalistic ngaihsutna ah Pasian

pen Pa bangin vaihawm Pa hi a, leitung vantung hongbawl Pasian zong hipah hi, mun khempeuh ah a om

Kha zong tua Pasian bek mah ahi hi, cih upna ahi hi. Mihing kammal zatna ah mun khempeuh ah a om

Pasian pen Kha ahihna hi a, mihing bangin hong kilangkhia in muh theih dingin hong pai a tua pen Tapa

bangin hong pai ahi hi, cih upna ahi hi. Trinity upna hong piankhiatna pupi Tertullian in a genna ah trinity


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pen kipat hun nei a, bei hun zong om ding hi ci in, hih upna pen khangthak trinity umte in pomlo uh hi.

Trinity upna hong puangkhia Tertullian ngaihsutna pen a bulpi zong manlo pah malam ahih mahbangin a

dawnzong mantuanlo hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh Khangthak trinity ngaihsutna ah Pasian khat sungah mi

pumthum om in, Tawntung Pa, Tawntung Tapa, Tawntung Khasiangtho ci uh hi. Hih mipum thum Pa pen

Tapa hilo in, Tapa pen Pa hilo hi, tua mah bangin Khasiangtho zong Pa leh Tapa hilo hi, ci uh hi.

Greek Apologists, Gnosticism leh Jehovah Witness te ngaihsutna ah, Pasian pen mawhna tawh a kidim

mihingte tawh omkhawm theilo a, mimawh te lakah nasem thei dingin Tapa Pasian bek om hi ci in

ngaihsun uh hi. Hih ngaihsutna pen Neo-Platonism ci in Historian te in min vawh uh hi. Plato cih pen

Greek mipil mahmah BC 500 kim pawl a nungta mi khat ahi hi. Hih Neo-Platonic ngaihsutna pen

Tertullian in hong gahsuahsak ahi hi.

Tertullian leh Origen hun laitakin Rome ah bishop ngei mi thum, Victor, Zephyrinus, Callistus tawh nakpi

takin Pasian khat leh To Thum kigawm Pasian khat cih thu ah nasiatakin upna thu ah kido uh hi. Hih

bishop thumte in Pasian khat bek hi a, tua Tawntung Pasian pen mihing bangin hong pai hi, a

Khasiangtho tawh hong ompih hi ci in nakpitakin hilhcian uh hi. Hih bishops thumte pen modalistic lam

ah apang mi minthangte ahi uh hi. Pasian khat thu ah tulai Oneness Pentecostal te upna leh Rome ah

bishops semngei thumte hilhzia kibang hi. Tulaitak leitung bup ah alian pen RC Pope Francis pan in

Sawltak Piter ciang ci in Pope Khangtho a sutna vuah, Victor, Zyphyrinus, leh Callistus te zong hel uh hi.

Trinity pupi ahi Tertullian leh Origen te pen hih bishops thumte tawh a upna uh ki lehbulh ahi hi.

AD 200 kum pawlin Rome khuapi ah thuhilh siam mahmah a minthang Sabellius kici khat om hi.

Khangthak trinity theologians te in Oneness Pentecostal upna pupi pen Sabellius hi hong cihsak uh hi.

Ahizongin, genkhial ding uh hi. Sabellius genna ah Pasian khat bek om a, Pa Pasian pen Tapa bangin hong

kumsuk in, Pa ahihna khempeuh bei hi, tua Tapa in leitung mikhempeuh hong tatkhit ciangin vantung ah

kila to a, Khasiangtho hongsuak hi, ci hi. Tulai Oneness upna tawh kibanglo hi. Tulai Oneness upna ah,

Pasian pen Tawntung Pa hitawntung a, Tawntung Khasiangtho zong hitawntung hi. Amah bek Pasian hi

a, taksa in hong pai in Pasian Tapa ahi hi. Tapa bangin leitungah a omlai in Tawntung Pa mah hi veve in,

Tawntung Khasiangtho mah hi veve hi. Amah pen Tawntung Pa lah hi in Tawntung Kha zong hi a,

ahizongin Tawntung Tapa hilo hi. Tawntung Pasian hizaw hi, cih upna pen tulai Oneness upna ahi hi.

Pasian khat om a Pa, Tapa, leh Kha in hong kilang ahi hi, amin in Jesu ci in tuhun in hong kilang hi a, tua

Jesu sungah Pasian hihna khempeuh om hi (cf. Kol.2:9).

AD 325 HUNMA TRINTIY UPNA HONG KHANZIA (ANTE-NICENE DEVELOPMENT OF TRINITY)

Ih sinsa mah bangin, Trintiy cih kammal a zangkhia masa penpen Tertullian hi a, Greek Apologists te in

trinity upna damdam in hong tonpih suk hi cih ih sinkhin hi. Tertullian laibu “Against Hermogenes” cihna

sungah Pasian pen Tonih (binity) ci in hilhcian hi. Leitung a kipiansak madeuh in Pasian sungpanin hong

piangkhia Thu om a, tua Thu pen Tapa hong hi in, tua hun pan in Pa cih kammal a kizang ahi hi, ci hi.

“Thu” (Logos) cih tawh kisai pen Greek-Apologists te genna mah hong zomto ahi hi. Tua Logos cih

ngaihsutna pen khanglui Greek philosophy tawh kituak mahmah a, Khristian kammal himasa pah lo hi, ci

in Scholars te in gen uh hi. Ahizongin, Tertullian a kum bei lam ciangin “Against Praxeas” cih laibu hong

gelh leuleu a, tua pen AD 210 kum pawl hi dingin historian ten gen uh hi. Tua laibu sungah Tonih (binity)


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hikei zaw in To Thum (trinity) hizaw hi ci in, hong gelh leuleu hi. Ama khangkhat sungah To nih upna

panin To thum upna ah hong kalsuan pih hi ci in, ki genthei hi.

Tertullian nungzui mi minthang khat om a tua pen ih gensa mah bangin amin Origen ahi hi. Rome gam

nisuahna lama h Trintiy upna a kizel sakzo pen Origen hi in AD 215-215 ciang dong nasiatakin lai lam leh

thuhilhna lam ah pan ala mahmah mi khat ahi hi. Tertullian sangin Origen pen trinity tawh kisai ah hong

thuklut zaw lai in, “Tawntung Tapa” cih kammal a zangkhia masa penpen Origen ahi hi. Tapa in kipat hun

neilo in Tawntung pek panin Pa in aneih a Tapa hi ci in hilh “The Son is eternally being begotten by the

Father” hih ngaihsutna leuleu ciangin Gnosticism te ngaihsutna “Logos” tawh hong kituak hi. Gnosticism

cih pen philosophy tawh gupna kingah thei hi cih upna nei mipil tuamtuam kipawlna pawlpi hi a, Jew

minam upna leh Khristian te a langpang pawlpi ahi uh hi. Na khempeuh ko theihloh omlo hi cingam uh

hi.

Rome bishop thumte leh Sabellius tawh ki langpan phadeuh Tertullian leh Origen kikop khawm uh hi a,

tua pen nisuahna gam leh ni tumna gam kidona khat hongsuak hi. Sabellius in zong mipum (person) cih

tawh kisai kammal zang a, ahizongin Pa pasian pen Tapa bangin hongpaina a genna ah Greek laimal

“”(prosopon) mipum cih zang a, Origen in Pa, Tapa, Khasiangtho cih kammal a hilhcianna ah

“mipum” cihna laimal “Latin persona, Greek lai hypostasis” cih hong zang hi. Tertullian leh Origen te in

Khasiangtho Pasian cih tawh kisai tawm gen mahmah hi. Ahizongin, Origen upna hong amau ngaihsutna

hong zomto Novatian a kici mi minthang khat in AD 240-50 kumsung Rome pawlpi hong khenkham zota

hi. Novatian thu hilhna ah upna pan in a nungtolh mi khat in mawhna lian mahmah a bawl leh a

mawhna a maikik theihna ding lampi om nawnlo hi ci in hilh hi. Rome pawlpi ah trinity upna hong picing

semsem in, Rome pawlpi ah bishop sem Dionysius in Pa Pasian, Tapa Pasian, Khasiangtho Pasian, a thum

in mipum tuaktek hi a, tawntung hihna leh Pasian hihna bangkim ah kikimciat uh hi, ci in hilh hi. Amah

pen Nicea council kibawl madeuh hunsung in bishop sem khat ahi hi. Dionysius of Rome in ama min

kibat pih Izipt khuapi Alexandria khua a om bishop sem Dionysius of Alexandria kici bishop pen trinity

upna ah thunlut zo a, Rome leh Alexandria zong damdam in trinity upna ah hong thuklut tektek ta hi.

Rome khuapi leh Alexandria khuapi cih pen kum zalom thum pan nga ciangdong Khristian mipil

khempeuh hong piankhiatna khuapite hi kici thei hi. AD 250 pan 300 kikal ah nisuahna lam bek hinawnlo

in Nitumna gam lam ah zong trinity upna hong khauhpai tektek ta hi. Rome leh Alexandria khuapi panin

trinity hilhcianna hong thuklut zawlai in Tapa pen Pa tungtawnin hong piangkhia hituanlo in, Pa mah

tawh kibangin tawntung ahi hi cih thu hong khauhhilh mahmah ta uh hi. Hih thuhilhna pen Nicene

Council AD 325 leh Constinople Council AD 381 ciangin thu bulphah hongsuak hi.

Justin hu pan in trinity upna tawmtawm in hong kipan in Tertullian hunciangin hong khauhlut pian ta a,

Origen hunciang hong thuklut semsem in, Novatian hunciang in hong picing mahmah ta hi. Trintiy upna

Pasian khat sungah To thum om cih ciang tawh hongkhawl lo in, ki tuiphumna ah zong AD 230 ciangciang

pen Jesu min tawh kituiphumna pen thu um mikhempeuh zat himah leh AD 300 kim pan in Pa, Tapa,

Khasiangtho min tawh tuiphumna pen Khristian sungah a zang hong tamtazaw ta hi. Lai hilhsiam tampi

leh khuapi khempeuh a bishop a tamzawte pen Trinity upna lam ah hong puk khinta uh ahih man in

Pasian khat bek a um mite leh Jesu min tawh kituiphum mite damdam in hong tawm tektek ta hi,

ahizongin beisiang cihna hilo hi.


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A kammal zatte uh genpha kik ni:

1. Pa leh Tapa a tuamtuak ahi hi, “two separate persons” (Tertullian),

2. Tapa pen mimal tuam h in, a dang panin hong pusuak ahi hi “The Son in one individual produced

from a different one” (Hippolytus).

3. Thu “Logos” pen ‘Pasian nihna hi”, a tuam ngiat hi, hihna tuam nei hi a, ama hihna tawh a om

ahi hi “The Word is a ‘second God,’ ‘a separate entity’’, and ‘a separate being (who) has an

essence of his own” (Origen).

4. Jesu pen Pasian a hihna pen kipat hun nei hi, “the deihty of Jesus was created” (Tertullian and

Origen).

5. Tapa pen Pa zah in a upatna, hanta, kicinna, vangliatna kikimlo hi, hong pusuak khia hi a, Pasian

pianzia hong neitawm hi in, Pasian taktak hilo, vanglian Topa hilo, “the Son is not as old, strong,

noble, powerful or great ast he Father, ‘a derivation,’ ‘a portion of the whole Godhead’, and not

‘God Himself, the Lord Almighty” (Tertullian)

6. Suah hun nei hi, born (Tertullian, Origen, Novatian)

7. Pa sangin Tapa neuzaw hi, “inferior” (Tertullian, Origen, Novatian).

8. Tapa pen Tawntung hilo, “not eternal” (Tertullian, Hipplolytus, Novatian).

9. Tapa pen ‘Pasian bawl hi’, ‘a nihna Pasian’, ‘pasian khat hi’, ‘Sangpen Pasian hilo hi’, Pasian ih cih

ciangin amau (to thum) kizopna ih genna hi, “Made God’, ‘a Second God’, ‘a god’, ‘not the most

High God’, and ‘God only in the relative sense” (Origen).

Trinity hong piankhiatna pupite ih cih ciangin Tertullian, Origen, Novatian, Hippolytus ahi uh hi. Amau

upna pen tulai trinity upna a zui mite in sang zolo uh hi. Ahizongin, Khristian sungah trinity upna khaici

hong tuh masate upna tuadan ahi hi. Tulai trinity umte in khanglui trinity leh khangthak trinity anih in

gen kop khawm zel uh a, a tawpna ah amau upna mah siang sinsen satheilo uh ahih man in, trinity pen

mihing kamtawh gensiang theih hilo a, ahizongin nial ding hilo hi ci in gen uh hi. Hih trinity pupite upna

leh khangthak trinity upna pen LST hilhna tawh kilehbulh hi.

Nicence Council AD 325 Etphatkikna

AD 300 nunglam ah Izipt gam khuapi ahi Alexandira ah presbyter sem ahi Arius leh hih khuapi pawlpi

kibang mah ahi bishop sem Alexander kikal ah Jesu tawh kisai Pasian taktak mah ahi hiam cih buaina,

kinialna nasiatakin hong om hi. A gens amah bangin Alexandria khuapi pen Greek philosophy leh Greek

ngeina a ki uangmahmah phualpi ahi hi. Amau nih kikal buaina pen Khristian khempeuh in lunglut pih

mahmah uh hi, mi zong neituak uh hi. Arius pen upa khat hilel in, Alexander pen bishop ahi hi. Alexander

in ama pawlpi pan in Arius hawlkhia a, ahizongin Arius thuhilhna hoih a sa Nicomedia khua ah bishop

sem Eusebius te in Arius panpih uh hi.

Constantine kumpi Khristiian hong suah khitnung nitumna leh nisuahna gam khempeuh ah kumpi taktak

hongsuah AD 324 kum ciangin, Khristian mite tawh kipawl khawm leng ka gamsung ukzo ding, kumpi kip

paisuak ding hing ci in kingaihsun hi. Tua ahih man in, Arius ngaihsutna mipi tampi tak zosa ahih manin

debate nasiatakin a om theihna dingin kumpi omna khuapi tawh a kinai penpen Nicea khua ah AD 325

kumin council sam a, a bei khempeuh kumpipa in tavuan la hi.


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Arius langkhat ah a pangdingin thu gensiam mahmah khangno Athanasius hi in, hih Nicene Council ah

debate thulu pen Jesu in Pasian taktak mah ahi hiam? Tapa leh Pa pen a kibang hiam, Pasian hihna khat

bek mah ahi hiam? To Thum vai tawh kisai debate hikhalo hi. To Nihna tawh kisai debate ahi hi ci in

historian te in hong hilh uh hi. Pasian khat thu leh To thum kikal thu debate hilo in, Tapa tawh kisai

debate ahi hi. Khangthak sungah Apostolic Creed ci in hong gelh uh a, tua pen Nicene Council AD 325 leh

Constantinople Council AD 381 hong gawmkhawm uh ahi hi. Jesu Khazih tawh kisai amau dinmunte a

nuai ah ensuk ni:

1. Arius: Pasian khat bek om a, Trinity hilo hi. Jesu pen Pasian 100% hilo hi, ahizongin Pasian a suak

Khazih hi (demigod). Pasian bawlsa khempeuh sangin Khazih lianzaw a, ahizongin Pa tawh ki

zakimlo hi. Tulaitak Jehovah witness te din mun leh Arius dinmun kibang a, Origen din mun tawh

zong kineh mahmah hi. Dynamic Monarchianism tawh zong kineh peuhmah hi. Arius in a genna

ah “There was a time when the Son was not”, “Tapa a omloh hun bang tan hiam khat omngei hi”

ci hi. Cih nopna ah Tapa in kipat hun nei a, Tawntung Tapa hilo in, Pasian in Tapa dingin a bawl

hun khat om hi, a ci ahi hi. Tulai Oneness upna tawh zong Arius ngaihsutna kituak lo hi. Tapa pen

Tawntung Pasian (Everlasting God) leh Tawntung Pa (Everlasting Father), a hihna leh Jesu pen

Sangpen Pasian (the Most High God) ahihna Arius in pomlo hi. Tulai Oneness te in Tawntung

Tapa hilo hi a cihna pen Tapa cih kammal pen Tawntung Pa pen mihing hongsuahna a genna bek

hi. Tapa cih pen tawntung genna hilo in mihing hongsuahna bek a gen ahi hi, cihna a hi hi( the

terminogy of the Son refers onlty to his incarnation).

2. Athanasius: Arius tawh a kigal tawntung Alexandria khuapi ah bishop sem Alexander khitciangin

bishop hong semto Athanasius ahi hi. Athansius genna ah Pasian khat sungah mipum thum om

a, Pa, Tapa, leh Khasiangtho ahi hi. Pasian hihna “Tawntung, kicinna khempeuh, leh bang kim ah

a thum in kibangkim hi ci hi. Tapa pen Tawntung Tapa hi a, Tawntung Pasian zong ahi hi.

Akipatcil panin Pasian ahi hi. Khasiangtho tawh kisai in Nicence Council ah ki tam genlo hi. Pasian

khat sungah mi pum thum a tuamciat in om cih ciang ki gen in, Khasiangtho Pasian ahihna thu

kigenkha lo hi. Tapa pen Pa hilo a, Pa pen Tapa hilo hi, ahizongin Pasian hihna khat hihna kibang

a (same essence), a tuamtuak ahi uh hi (subsistence). Bang kim ah Tapa pen anihna ahi hi, ci hi.

Hih debate ah thungai a tamzaw pen trinity upna nei a tamzaw ahih hangin, trinity leh oneness

debate hituanlo hi. Jesu pen Pasian taktak ahi hiam cih debate ahihna tawh kizui in, Jesu pen

Pasian hihna 100%, mihing hihna 100% cih a sangthei vive ahih man in, Athanasius in a zo ahi hi.

Tua bek thamlo in, trinity upna pen AD 270 kim pan in khuapi ah bishop sem a tamzawte in

sangthei ta uh a, kumpipa ngaihsutna tawh zong kituak ahih man in, kumpi nasem leh a galkap

tampi (2/3) bang kihelna hi in, kumpipa maitang en in mi tampi takin vote pia uh ahi hi. Hih hun

laitak in oneness a um (modalisticism) te in zong Jesu pen Pasian hihna ah 100% cih a umte ahih

man in, trinity umte tawh hih debate ah ki pumkhat uh hi. Athanasius vote pia khempeuh trinity

umteng hipah tuanlo in, Arius vote piate pen trinity sang theilo teng cih zong hikhin pahlo hi.

Bang hang hiam cih leh debate thulu pen Jesu in Pasian hihna 100% a nei hiam cih thu bulpi ahi

hi. Ahizongin, hih council ah tui thehna, naupang tuithehna cihte zong hong kipsak uh ahih man

in, Nicence council debate pen Khristian gamsungah buaina lianpi hong om in, trinity debate

zong kum 60 sungbagn ki zosiang tuanlo in buaina kizom toto lai hi. Athanasius in Jesus pen

Pasian ah ihna thu bulpi lite bulphuh in thu gen hi: (1) Laisiangtho in hong hilh hi, (2) Pawlpi in


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Jesu in tuni ciangdong ih biak (worship) ahi hi, (3) ih Gumpa hi in, ih Pasian ahi hi, (4), Amah pen

Logos hi (philosophy te din mun tawh a genna hi), Logos pen Pasian ahi hi. Jesu pen Pa tawh

pianzia (essence) kibang ahi hi, ci in hih thu bulpi lite pansan in nei hi.

Debate na ngaidinga hongpai mipite khenpi thum in kikhen hi: Arius nungzui tawm khat, Athanasius

nungzui tawm khat leh, a tamzaw pen a thu tamtel mello a hizongin ki lemna ding a lunggulh lel: kumpi

pa maipha munuamte ahi uh hi. Athanasius din mun pen tulai Oneness upna a nei mite din mun tawh ki

gamla lualo hi. Ahizongin, hong kipuahpha toto a, Trinity upna lam ah lekzaw hi ci in, a ki genna pen

bishop a sepna khuapi leh ama nung a zui mi khempeuh trinity upna a zomto te ahihna hang ahi hi. Hih

debate thukhensatna ah kammal kizang ding tawh kisai a ngaihsut uh ciangin, Pa leh Tapa pen Pasian

“pianzia-kibang” hi (homoousios, “same essence”) ci in, mi khempeuh mihthuhsak uh a, ahizongin Arius

leh bishop dang nihte in minthuh nuamlo in tua mun pan in galtai in bumang uh hi. Eusebius of

Nicomedia leh a dang bishop nihte in zong min thuhlo uh ahih man in, bishop hihna pan in kikhawlsak hi.

Nicence Council Nungsang thute

AD 325 Nicence Council debate pen, mipi lungsim sungah sosang semsem in kum 60 sungbang

nakpitakin Khristian sungah hih Pasian khat ahih kei leh To Thum vai buaina nasia tektek hi. Khristian

veve khat leh khat kithahna nasiai mahmah in, thu umlote bawlsiatna sangin amau kikal buaina hang

tawh kithahna ah a si hong tam mahmah hi. Thu umlo Rome kumpi bawlsiatna tawh a si sangin,

Khristian suahzawh buaina hangin a si mi tamzaw tham dingin hirtoriante in ngaihsun uh hi. Khristian

aan tawh kisuaksak a, a utlo te thahna thuak cih bang, upna kinialna panin a kithat cih bangin sihna nam

tampi hong piang hi.

Kumpipa tungah khatvei council neihkik theihna dingin Arius in ngen a, AD 327 kumin Nicea khua mah

ah council kinei kik hi. Hih council ah Kumpipa Constantine ngaihsutna pom thei zaw a, Arius

gualzawhna kipia hi. AD 335 kum ciangin Tyre khua ah council khatvei kumpipa thukimpihna tawh kinei

leuleu in, hih council ah Athanasius pen guallel sak leuleu uh a, hih council panin Athanasius kihawl

mangin, galbu in taimang hi. Thanasius, a bishop sepna Alexandria khuapi panin gawllkhiatna ngah a,

kumpipa local pawlpi ahi Constantinople khuai tawh kizom dingin Arius in panmun kipia mikmek hi.

Ahizongin, Constantinople pawlpi ah ki apna a neih ding nitak hun bawl madeuh in Arius si hi. Athanasius

nungzuite in Judas Ishkariot dan in, a si hi ci uh hi. Ahizongin, Arius nungzui mite leh historians pawl khat

in Athanasius mite in gu zaa pia hi dingin um uh hi.

Constantine kumpipa a cidamna hoih nawnlo in si ding petmah hong hita a, a lupna tungah Arius mi khat

ahi bishop Eusebius of Nicomedia in kumpipa tuiphum hi. Kumpipa pen a sih ding hun a cinciang bek in

ki tuiphum pan ahi hi. A sihma taktak ciangin, Arius thugenna mansazaw a, Athanasius ahih leh hua

mahmah hi.

Kumpipa hong sih ciangin, a tapa nihte in kumpi gam hong uk in, nisuahna gam ah Constantius in apa

tokhom hong luah a, nitumna lam ah Constantine II in kumpi hong sem hi. Constantine II in Athanasius

paakta ahih manin, a galbukna pan in ciahsak kik a, lungmuang takin omsak hi. Constantius pen Arius

thugenna a pom khat hi in, apa mah tawh kibang hi. Ahizongin, nitumna lam a uk Constantine II leuleu

cinagin, Nicence council thu khensatna bangin khauhtakin a pom mi khat hong hi leuleu hi. Bang hang


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hiam cih leh kumpi innkuan sungah upna leh sanna namnih om tawntung hi. AD 339 kum ciangin

Eusebius of Nicomedia in kumpipa omna local pawlpi ah bishop sem a, amah pen Arius thugenna a pom

mikhat hi in kum 40 sungbang Arius upna tawh Constnatinople pawlpi hong kipsuak hi.

AD 353 kumciangin Constantius leh Constantine II kikal (East & West)ah kidona nasiatakin hong om in,

Constanstius in hong zo in, apa gam khempeuh hong uk kik hi. Constantius hun sungin, a ukna gam

khempeuh pen Arius thuhilhna bangin hong kalsuan pih hi. Rome khuapi pawlpi ah bishop a sem Liberius

in Arius upna pom theilo ahih man in, hawlkhiatna ngah a, Arius mi ahi Felix II in bishop sem hi. Felix pen

Arius mi ahi hi. Felix II in ama dinmun a ngah kik theihna dingin Arius ngaihsutna ka umtheita hi ci in a

minpia a, a dinmun ngeina ah kikoih kik hi. Ahizongin, anung lamciangin Nicence Creed mah in kihei kik

veve hi.Ahizongin, RC pope khanggui simna ah Liberius leh Felix II pen pope mah in kisimkha veve hi.

Bang hang hiam cih leh Khristian upna pen kumpite thuneihna bangbang in kikalsuan a hih man in, thu

man thutak cih zong a lenngam uh hi nawnlo hi.

GREEK ORTHODOX (EASTERN CHURCH) LEH ROMAN CATHOLIC (WESTERN CHURCH) KILAMDANNA

Ih sins amah bangin, Rome kumpi Constantine Khirstian hongsuah AD 312 pan in thu tampi hong

kilumlet hi. Kumpi omna Rome khuapi ah a uk hunsungin khuapi khat ama min vawh in Rome panin

nisuahna lam ahi Constantinopel ci in, khuapi khat sat hi. Hih khuapi ah akumpi tokhom tuah a, nitumna

lam pen amakpa Luninius uksak hi. Aman nisuahna lamteng uk hi. Ahizongin, kum khat khitciangin,

amakpa tawh hong kido a, nitumna gamlam teng zong zo ahih man in, Constantinople khuapi panin

nitumna gamlam zong uk hi. Amah asih khitciangin, atapate in gam hawm in, nitumna leh nisuahna gam

ci in uktuak uh hi. Ahizongin, nisuahna gam a uk Constantine tapa in a sanggampa tawh kiho in zo ahih

man in, apa mah bangin Constantinople khuapi pan in nitumna gam lamzong uk khawm hi.

Hun hong paito zel ah, Rome khuapi pen Barbarian (ngongtat mi gilopawl) in hong sim gawp in, hong

luahzo uh a, ahizongin, Rome khuapi a kumpi sem mah kumpi dingin hong zangto uh hi. Tua hun panin

nitumna gamlam kumpite in Rome khua ah bishop semte tawh hong kipawl khawm in, thuneihna

sangpitak nangawn hongpia uh a, pope ci in minvawh uh hi. Kumpi hong khangtote hun ah pope

khutsungah pawlpi vai bek hi nawnlo in gam ki ukna thuneihna na nangawn hong ap uh hi. Ahizongin,

nisuahna gam Constantinople kumpite in Pope in leitung khempeuh uk ding cih pen sang zolo uh ahih

man in, Great Schism (kikhenna lianpi) hongpiang ahi hi. Tua ahih man in, Nitumna gam (Western

empire)in Latin pau leh lai zang, leh Nisuahna gam (Eastern Empire)in Greek pau leh lai zangin, anih un

hong kigawm kikthei pak nawnlo hi. Theology, doctrine leh ki makaihna tampi kilamdang hi, tuate tawm

ensuk ni:

No. Greek Orthodox (Eastern church) Roman Catholic (Western Church)

1. Pope in Khristian pawlpi khempeuh makaih ding cih nial uh hi.

Khristian khempeuh Pope thuneihna leh makaihna nuai ah om ding hi, cih tawh kimakaih uh hi.

2. Khasiangtho pen Pa sungpan in hong pusuak hi, ci in pom uh hi.

Khasiangtho pen Pa leh Tapa sungpan in hong pusuak hi ci in pom uh hi.

3. Misite kha (piangthak leh piangthaklo) mun khat ah kikhol (purgatory) hi cih pomlo uh hi.

Misi khempeuh khate mun khat ah kikhol uh a, a nungtalaite thungetsakna tawh a sisa gupngahlo khat in ngah kik thei hi cih um uh hi.


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4. Sum siktang tungah misiangthote lim koih ding pom thei uh a, biakinn sungah mi siangthote lim (image) koih ding pomlo uh hi.

Misiangthote milim (image) biakinn sungah zong koih ding kilawm hi, pahtawina in zangding a, ahizongin lungsim khempeuh tawh biakding hilo hi, ci uh hi.

5. Tuiphumna ah tuisung bek ah zat ding hi ci uh a, tuithehna sanglo uh hi.

A damlote, naungekte, uliante pen tuitheh kilawm hi, ci in tuithehna zang uh hi.

6. Zinei khat pen bishop semthei veve hi ci in kimakaih uh hi.

Pope Gregory VII khitciangin, zinei peuhmah bishop, pope cih bangin ki zangtheilo ding, cih bylaw nei uh hi

9. Pawlpi ki makaihzia leh la tawh kisai zatzia zong tampi a kilamdanna omlai hi.

Eastern Orthodox Church leh Western Roman Catholic Church kilamdanna tampi a om hangin, a bulpi

taktak trinity cihte kibang kim hi.

SEVEN SACRAMENTS

AD 500 kum kim pan in Roman Catholic sungah Pawlpi a suak ding mi khat in a zuih hamtang ding in

nampi sagih ci in thukhun hong bawlkhia uh a, tuate in:

1. Baptism: Amasa penpen in pawlpi ah full member a suak thei ding mi khat pen tuiphumna zang

masa hamtang ding cih ahi hi. Pawlpi leh gam sung a uk kumpi pen Pope thuneihna nuai ahih

mah bangin pawlpi mi ding khat pen upna hang hi masa pah lo in, thuneihna tawh ki uk ahihlam

pen phawk den ni.

2. Confirmation: a khiatna pen “kipsakna” ahi hi. Pawlpi ah a ki ap nuam mi khat leh piangthakna a

ngah nuam mi khat pen bishop or Pope kipsakna omlo in, hitheilo hi. A diakdiak in naungekte

tuithehna kizang ahih man in, tua naungekte in khensatna leh asia apha khensat thei nailo ahih

man in, thuneite khutsungah kinga hi cih ngaihsutna pan in confirmation pen sacrament ah hong

hel uh a hi hi. A nunung lamciangin, naungek tawh kisai bek hinawnlo in, picing khinsa upa khat

nangawn zong thuneite (bishop or pope) khensatna nuai ah amau pianthak ding phalna ahih kei

leh kipsakna tungah kingasak uh hi. A taktak in, mi khat peuh gupngahna dingin a khensat thei

khat bek om a, tua in Jesu ahihi. Jesu bek lampi ahi hi.

3. The Eucharist (Nek-khawm): Hih eucharist pen “the Mass” zong ci uh hi. Protestant pawlpi

leuleu in hih pen “the Lord’s supper” ahih kei leh “the communion” cih kammal kizangzaw hi. RC

te kihilhna ah, Khazih in tuni dongin a sihna leh a thuakna tawh hong kalsuan pihlai hi cih ngimna

ahi hi. Tua ahih man in, siampi pa in khomun leh lenggahzu thupha apiak hun laitak in, a Jesu

taktak mah khomun leh lenggah zute ah hong om takpi hi ci in ki makaih uh hi, hih ngaihsutna

pen “transubstantiation” kici hi. Ahizongin, Jesu leh Paul in hong genna ah a thuakna leh a sihna

thu um mite in phawkna “rememberance” in ih bawl ding ahihna thu hong hilh uh hi (LK.22:19;

1Kor.11:24).

4. Penance (confession): a khiatna “ki pulakna” ahi hi. A kihilhna vuah siampi (bishop or pope) mai

ah mawhnei mikhat in akipulak ciangin Khazih in bishop tungtawn in maisak hi, cih ahi hi. Bishop

in a hente vantung ah kihen ding a, a phel mite kiphel ding hi, cih bulphuh uh hi. Ahizongin,

mawhna maisak thei ding Pasian bek om hi, ci in hong hilh hi (Mk.2:7).


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5. Holy Orders: Holy Orders A siangtho kalsuanzia cihna a hi hi. Ordination piakna cih nopna ahi hi.

Bishop in upa ding, siampi suakthak dingte apna leh kipsakna nei thei ding hi, bang hang hiam

cih leh sawltak thakding apna ahih man in, siangtho takin neih ding ahi hi, ci uh hi. Hih pen

sacrament 7 sungah khat hi a, Protestant pawlpi in zong hih pen kizang veve hi napi in,

sacrament sungah kihel lo citciat hi.

6. Matrimony (Marriage): siangtho kitenna cih nopna a hi hi. Siampite mai ah kiciamna tawh

kitenna cihna a hi hi. Aki tuiphum nailo mi khat pen siangtho kitenna nei theilo a, Khazih leh

pawlpi etsakna lim zong hi ci in ki makaih uh hi.

7. Extreme Unction (Anointing the Sick): “Damlote sathau nilhna” cih nopna hi. Si phial ding in

natna nei mite tungah bishop te nasep khat ahi hi. Damlo mi khat a mawhna lui khempeuh

maisak in a om theihna ding deihna hi a, “mawh pulakna, penance” nasepna ah a tawpna thulian

mahmah khat in a zat uh ahi hi. Vatican Council anih veina ciangin, natna neite tungah sathau

nilh “anointing the sick” cih kammal zat nawnloh ding in khensat uh hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh

sacrament sungah hel ding kammal hoihlo a, “unction” sathau nilh cih bek zat ding hoihzaw hi ci

in puahpha uh hi.

Hih a tunga sagihte pen seven sacraments kici hi. Protestant te in bel Two sacraments (Baptism and the

Lord’s Supper) bek kinei hi. A taktak in, Protestant te in zong RC te mah bangin amau zat nam sagih mah

ih zang veve hi. Ahizongin, ih zat zia kibangkimlo hi.

PAWLPI KITAPKHAP SUNG LEH KIPUAHPHAT HUNSUNG (AD 1453-1648) (REFORMATION PERIOD)

Lai Siangtho tungtawn in (Printing Press)

ADD 1455 kum in German mi Gutenburg in laibu tampipi a peikhiat theihna setpi (printing press) hong

bawlkhia hi. Holy Bible a kici Wycliff in 1380-1384 kum Manglai tawh a letkhiat pen hih setpi in hong

peikhia ziahziah in mi khempeuh sim theih ding in hong hihkhia uh hi. Mi khempeuh khut sungah Lai

Siangtho hong tungta a hih man in, Pope te thuhilhna a maan loh lam tampitak in hong mukhia ta uh hi.

Tua a hih man in, Pasian thuman thutak ahihna bangin um ding leh zui ding cih mi tampi sungah

khanlawhna hong om hi.

Martin Luther

Pope Leo X in lai anuai abangin hawmkhia hi: “Pope omna khuapi ahi Rome ah Piter biakinn cih

nasiatakin lamding khensatna kinei hi. Hih biakinn lamna ding sum a pia khempeuh tungah mawh

maisakna letmat (indulgence) a kisap dungzui in kipia thei ding hi cih thu kigelh hi.” Misi sate kha

kikholna (purgatory) ah gupngahlo na sanggam/meltheih uh a om leh amau adingin gupkhiatna kisam hi.

Tua gupkhiatna ngahkik theihna ding in lampi khat bek om a, Pope tungtawn a mawhmaisakna ahi hi,

bang hang hiam cih leh Pasian in tua nasem dingin sathau a nilh a hi hi, ci in lamdungte leh khua

tuamtuam ah 1517 kum in Tetzel makaihna tawh laihawm, dialkhai tungah (flag), leh tangko kawikawi

uh a, mipi tampitakin a nungzui uh hi. Martin Luther in zong hih lai kihawm ngah kha a, mawh maisakna

pen Pope letmat sungah omlo hi, Pasian bek in mawh maisak thei hi cih thukpitakin hong ngaihsun a,

mawh maisakna pen letmat leitawh kingahlo ding hi ci hi.


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German gam sunga om Wittenburg khuapi biakinn thupi mahmah (Cathedral) ah Bishop sem ahi Martin

Luther in Roman Catholic pomzia, upna, kimakaihzia a thuman lohna nam 95 (95 theses) a biakinn

pualam kongtungah Oct. 31, 1517 ni in suang hi. Hih RC mawhsakna nam 95 te sungpanin a thulian zaw

deuh ah, Pope letmat sungah mawh maisakna (indulgence) om theilo ahi cih thu ahi hi. Lai tawh zong

nasiatakin hawmkhia a, mitampitak lungsim sukha mahmah hi.

Arch Bishop te tungtawnin Pope Leo X (kumpi zong hipah) in Martin Luther gamtatna a theih ciangin,

Metitz palai dingin zanga, “Luther aw na gamtat khialhna pan kisik kik in la bishop khempeuh mai ah

Rome khuapi a ih Pu Pope Leo X hoihsakna khempeuh ka sangthei ci in tua hileh bangmah buaina omlo

in thu siangsak ding hi hang” cih thu gensak hi. Ahizongin, Luther in “Upna anei mi in thuman tawh a

kalsuan ding a hi hi” (Rom. 1:17) ci in dawngkik a, Pope ngaihsutna tangtungsaklo hi. German kumpi

makaite vaihawmna (Parliament Hall) ah thukhenna thuak dingin sam uh a, lau hetlo in Luther zong

vapai lel hi. Pope aitang in thukhenmang Alexander in thu gen a, mawhsakna sangpen (thahding) tawh

thukhen ding in Pope in thupia mah leh tua bang liang in a hih sam kei a, suanginn thong (jail) sungah

khum uh hi.

Hi bang hunsungin, bishop tampi leh laithei tampitakin RC thanemna hong mukhia uh a, pawlpi thak

kipat khiat ding hoih penpen hi cih khanlawhna hong om hi. RC pan in paikhia hi leng, bang ci bangin

kalsuan ding cih kipuahphatna (Reformation) hunpisung hongsuak hi. Luther a hih leh kum 63 (1546) a

cinciangin si a, bishop a sepna biakinn, RC manlo hi ci in nam 95 a suanna biakinn pulpit nuai ngiat ah vui

uh hi. Luther pen Methodist, Wesleyian te hongpiankhiatna pupi ahi hi. Luther nung azuite in RC pan in

paikhia takpi uh a, upna guipi a nuai a bangin puahpha uh hi:

1. Gupna ngahna dingin upna bek kisam hi (Sola fide)

2. Thu umte in Lai Siangtho genna tungtawn bek in nungta ding hi (Sola Scriptura)

Mawh maisakna pen Pasian bek in piathei hi (Indulgence thu manlo).

A nungzuite pawl khat Zeisu min tawh kituiphum uh hi

Ahizongin, Trinity upna hong zom veve uh hi.

Ulrich Zwingly

Swiss mi khat hi a, Switzerland gamsung pawlpi a kilamdangsak zo thugen siam leh lailam pilna sang nei

mi ahi hi. 1506 kum in ordained kipia a, Switzerland gam sunga khuapi lian pen biakinn (Cathedral) ah

siampi sem hi. Pope in Rome khuapi ah Peter min puasak a biakinn a lamna ding in huhna sumpiate

tungah “mawhmaisakna leh gupkhiatna letmat” (ticket of indulgence) pia hi, cih thu tawh kisai a lungkim

hetlo mi khat a hi hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh gupkhiatna pen mihingte letmat tungah kinga thei ngeilo

ding hi ci in ngaihsun hi. Martin Luther mah bangin Roman Catholic thumanlohna nam 67 lai tawh

gelhkhia in Switzerland kumpi innpi (Parliament Hall) thuneite tungah ap hi. Switzerland thukhen

Mangpite in Zwingly thusun pen thupitakin pomsak bilbel uh hi.

Gam sungah Zwingly nasepna manlang takin hong kizel a, German gam sungah Luther in mipi lungsim zo

in, Roman Catholic pan in a pusuak (Protestant) mi hong tam semsem ta hi. Luther leh Zwingly Roman

Catholic pan in a paikhia tuak hi a, a thu pomzia uh kibang kim tuanlo hi. Laisiangtho pen amau mimal

upna tawh hong kalsuan pih uh hi. Zwingly leh Luther kibatlohna a thupi zawdeuh ah Topa tawh nek-


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khawm (sacramento) zatzia ahi hi. RC pan in a pusuakte nasiatakin bawlsiat a hih hunsungin RC khut lum

tawh Zwingly 1513 kum in ki thatkha hi. Zwingly pen Anabaptist, Baptist te hong piankhiatna pupi ahi hi.

John Calvin

Piantit (French) mi khat hi a, July 10, 1509 kum in suak hi. Apa pen upadi thei mi (lawyer) khat leh mihau

mahmah ahi hi. Apa pen Bishopte thuzekpi huh (secretary) khat ahih man in Calvin pen siampite omna

ah kha-theizel hi. Calvin hong khangcintoh ciangin upadi (Laws), Greek leh Latin laite zong hongsinto

ahih man in laisiam mahmah mi khat hongsuak hi. A lawmpa Nicholas pen RC pan in a taikhia khat na hi

in, a lawmpa tungtawn in RC lungsim a neihsate damdam in veng a, Protestant lungsim khauhtakin hong

vomto hi. A tenna Piantit gam ah RC in Protestant (pawl taikhiate) nak bawlsiat lua a hih man in, Geneva

khuapi ah hong galtai hi. Protestant mi khat a sangkahpih ngei Farel tawh hong kimu kha uh a, pawlpi

phungpi puahphatna ding na hong semkhawmthei uh hi. Hih khuapi ah zong Sacrament (nek khawm) vai

tawh kisai thubuai nasiatakin hong om ahih man in hih thu hangin Calvin leh a lawmpa in hawlkhiatna

hong thuak uh hi.

Hun khat khit ciangin, a lawmpa Farel in lawm aw bangbang ahizongin ei hong lunggulh hih Geneva

khuapi sungah tam mahmah a, ih nasep zong laklawh a hih man in kilehkik hoh ni ci in zawn hi. A

ngaihsutna ah Calvin in, 1536 kum lai in Pasian in hih khua ah nasem ding in hongsam ngei mah hi cih

hong phawk kik hi. 1541 kum Sepemter kha in Geneva ah kilehkik a, pawlpi ki makaihzia ding, doctrine

tuamtuamte, laibu tampi, Laisiangtho sang thupitak cih bang in na-lianpi hong sem hi. Geneva khuapi

pen Protestant khuapi bang kici liangin, a zawdeuh in Prebyterian pawlpi upna leh kalsuanna dingin a

pupi uh Calvin hongsuak hi. Calvin Doctrines (te) in:

T (Total depravity): Mi khempeuh mimawh taktak (kisia cip) ahi hi.

U (Unconditional Election): Tehpih theihloh hong kisehna (gupngah mite sehkholhsa hi)

L (Limited Atonement): Tatkhiatna in kiciangtan hi (piangthakte ading bek in Khazih si hi).

I (Irresistable Grace): Pasian hehpihna in nialzawh nam a hikei hi.

P (Perseverance of the Saints): Misiangte kepbit ahi uh hi (gupna kitan theilo).

Calvin in RC thumanlo hi ci in, a langpan hangin Trinity tawh kisai in a langpan samkei hi.

Luther, Zwingli, Calvin leh RC ngaihsutna ah sacramento thu tawh kisai in a pomzia uh kibang

kimlo hi.


15

John Knox

Scotland gam pan in Geneva ah John Calvin thu hilhna leh laibute sim in 1555-1559 kum li sung va om hi.

Scotland gam sung zong RC pan in pusuak khia ding in mipi khempeuh in a hanciam laitak uh a hi hi.

Hibang hunlaitakin John Knox zong Scotland gam ah hong ciahkik ciangin mipite lungdam mahmah uh a,

makaipi ding in sehpah uh hi. Calvin ngaihsutnate a sangsiam mahmah mi khat a hih manin Calvin upna,

kimakaihna, ki ukna dan lian mah in John Knox in Scotland gam RC pan in a pusuakte hong makaih hi.

Pawlpi puahphat hunpi sung AD 153-1648 (Reformation Period) in mi hangsan leh minthang zawdeuhte

in Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingly, John Calvin, leh John Knox te hi uh a, “Ki puahphatna Zingsol Aksite”

(Morning Stars of Reformation) cih minphatna ngah uh hi. Apai khiate bek kipuahpha hilo in Roman

Catholic sung mahmah zong nakpitakin kipuahpha uh hi. Reformation hun nunung lamciangin Pope Paul

III thuneih hunsung hi a, Trent Council a kici 1545 kum in sampah hi. Pawlpi pan apaikhiate sapkikna ding

ah thu, thatang, galkap leh a kisam bangbang in zang ding cih thute zong hong khensat uh hi. Tua ahih

man in, 1648 kum panin nasiatakin Roman Catholic leh Protestant kikal kidona hong khauhpai mahmah

in mi tul tampite in a nuntakna uh beilawh uh hi. Hun khat khit ciangin suakta takin Protestant leh

Roman kikal kidona hong vengthei ta sam a, Laisiangtho pen mi khempeuh khutsung leh pau tampite

tawh hong kibawl in, Europe, Africa, America, Asia, Australia leitung gamke pi te ah damdam in gospel

thu hong kizel theita hi.

Anabaptist thu

Baptist hong piankhiatna ding bulpi Zwingly ban ah Anabaptist ahi hi. A min mahmah ah Baptist cih min

hong puakna uh a deihna bulpi khat a om ahi hi. RC in ki makaihna nuai ah siampi in tuitheh zang a, thu-

um mi in tuiphumna tawh kibang ding in sansiam uh hi. Ahizongin, hih Anabaptist in tua pen hisa theilo

in, a zawdeuh in tuiphumna vai ah a khauhpai mahmah kipawlna a hi hi. Tuiphum cih pen Greek baptizo,

English immersion, Zokam phumcip, cihna a hih manin bangbang in upna ih neizongin ih upna ih

lahkhiatna pen tuiphumna ahih manin ci in tuithehsa khempeuh tui sungah kiphum kik ngiat uh hi.

Gupkhiatna leh pawlpi kimakaihna ah mi paubanglo ih suahtheihna dingin tuiphumna kitangsam hi cih a

bulphuh masa penpen RC khitciangin Anabaptist ahi hi. Tulaitak a, Baptist minpua khempeuh Anabaptist

te vontawi vive ahi uh hi.

RC pan in hong pusuak pawlpi khempeuh in RC upna guipi mah hong kengto veve uh hi:

1. Trinity upna

2. Tuiphumna ah phuisamna (pawlkhat tuitak, tuitheh, or phuisamna kibang veve).

3. Kha thu tawh kisai in mimal tungah lawpna (khanlawhna) om a, pawlpi bylaw tawh 1900 kum

ciangciang kisangzo nailo.

4. AD 30 kim a,Pentecost khanlawhna tawh kisai pawlpi lian a tamzaw in 1960 kum pan in sangthei

kimta hi (Charismatic movement zong kici hi).


16

COUNCIL THUPI ZAWDEUH TUAMTUAMTE (1500-1900)

Kum zalom 16 na sungah RC pan in kipusuak in tua a min pen Protestant kici hi. Protestant cih ciangin,

pawlpi khat min cihna hilo in, RC pan in a pusuakte kilawhna hilel hi. Protestant sungah pawlpi min nei

tampi om a, RC lo khempeuh Protestant cihna zong hipah hi. Hi bangin, Europe sung, Africa sung te ah

nasiatakin RC pan in kipaikhia a, tua ahih man in, RC sungah council thupi mahmah honkhat hong nei

pah uh hi. Tuate tawh kisai in, anuai ah ensuk ni:

The Council of Trent (1545-1563)

Italy saklam gam khat ah khuapi minnei Trent kici khua ah nasiatakin council kum 18 sung hong nei uh a,

hih hunsungin zong pope tampi kilaih man hi: tua pope te in (Paul III (1534-1549), Julius III (1550-1555),

Marcellus II (1555), Paul IV (1555-1559), Pius IV (1559-1565). Pope Paul III thuneihna tawh hih Trent

khuapi ah council 1545 kumin kisam a, ama khit a thumna Pope Pius IV hunciangin kimansiang pan hi.

Bang hang hiam cih leh hih council pen RC te adingin a thupi mahmah council khat hi a, RC sung

kipuahphatna (reformation) khat zong hongsuak hi. Tua a kipuahphate in:

1. Gamvai ki-ukzia (politically): Hih council ah, thu um mi khempeuh simdingin Laisiangtho pen Pope

bek in khensat dinga, a khiatna zong amah bek in gen thei ding hi cih hongkhensat uh hi. A nung

lampek 1870 kum ciangin, pope in thuneihna khempeuh LST thu bek hilo in, gam ki ukna khempeuh

zong ama khutsung hi ding hi ci in hong kipsak leuleu uh hi.

2. Makaite kalsuanzia: Hih council pan in pan mun (office)tawh kisai nasiatakin hong puahpha uh hi.

Meltheih vai tawh kisai in pan muh ngah (nepotism), makaite mai et zawh man in golhguk tawh va

leibawl (outlawed simony) cih bang hong beisiangsakta uh hi. Panmun leh gupkhiatnate sum tawh

leitheih hi ci in, letmat a kizuakna (indulgence) hangin Protestant hong dingkhia ahih man in, tua

indulgence tawh kisai zong hong beisiangsak pah uh hi. Ahizongin, indulgence (letmat zuakna) a

manphatna thupi hi ci in, kipsak citciat uh hi. Nungak siangtho Mary cih thu leh Mary tungtawn in

thungetna zong hong kisap uh a, lim thupi tuamtuamte zong biakinn sung leh office sungah

hoihtakin kibawl dinga, a thupitnate phawktawntung ding ci in, zat dingin hong kipsap uh hi.

3. Laisiangtho tawh kisai: Hih council pan kipan in LST leh pawlpi ngeina kipte (tradition) akibangin

Pasian humop hi cih hong kipsak uh hi. Protestant ngaihsutna ah bel LST bek mah Pasian humop hi,

cih ahi hi. Hih council khensatna ah, Pasian in LST a hu a mop mah bangin, tua LST a genkhiapa zong

humuam hi, banghanghiam cih leh mite in thuhilhpa tungtawn in telsiam pan uh hi, ci uh hi. Hih

council ma in zong apocrypha pen thunei makaite sim ding hoih hi cih ciang tawh a kepcing uh hibek

a, ahizongin amasa penpen LST tawh kikim Pasian humop hi cih hih council pan in hong kipsak uh ahi

hi. Protestant te in RC nakpitakin a kimawhsakna pen gamtatpha tawh gupna kingah hi, misisate

ading thungetsakna, misi khempeuh mun khat ah kikhol masa (purgatory) cihte hi a, tuate pen

Aprocrypha bu sungah ki lim gen mah mah hi. Mt. 16:16-18 na ah, Jesu in Piter pen thuneihna pia a,

Piter pen pope masa penpen ahi hi. Piter mah bangin, ama din mun aluahhto pen pope khanggui ahi

hi, cih khauhtak in hong kipsak uh hi. Latin Vulgate a kici, Thuciam Lui leh Thukhun Thak a kigawm in

Latin lai tawh kum zalom nga kim in a kikhen masa penpen Pawlpi zat bulpi ding ahi hi ci in hong

khensat uh hi. Hih pen Pasian humop original tawh kibang hi, ci uhhi.


17

Westminster Confession (1643-1649)

England gam ah Protestant nasiatakin hong ding in, RC tawh hong kizop nawnloh hangin, upna bullet

ding Protestant sungah bangmah khensatna taktak om nailo hi. Hih bang hunsungin theology leh

doctrine tuamtuam gelh mi minthang zawdeuh John Calvin laibute in mi khempeuh lungsim zo mahmah

a, Calvin nungzui a tamna gam khat ahi hi. Mipite pen RC pan in pawl taikhia ahih man in, ki makaihna

khat peuh ah RC hihzia hoih a sa veve zong hon khat om hi, khenkhat leuleu in suakta takin mipi

thuneihna dan hizawleh a ci zong om hi. England gam sunga khuapi minthang mahmah khat ahi

Westminster khuapi ah confession (conference) hong nei uh hi. Arminius (Wesleyian), RC mawhsakna

confession khat ahi hi. Calvin nungzuite ahih uh hangin, Calvin sangin, uanggen zaw uh a, Presbyterian

pawlpi upna leh kimakaihzia khempeuh Calvin ah dan tawh 100% kibangkim tuanlo hi. A ki puahpha toto

ahi hi. Tuate a tom in ensuk ni:

1. Laisiangtho: Piancil pan Mangmuhna bu 66 bek mah zat leh zuih ding ahi hi. Apocrypha leh RC

ngeinate zatloh leh zuihloh ding ahi hi.

2. Pasian: A tawntung pan in Pasian khat sungah Tothum: Pa Pasian, Tapa Pasian, leh Khasiangtho

Pasian ahi hi (Tertullian leh Justin te ngaihsutna trinity tawh kituak lianlo a, ahizongin a kipuahpha

kik Nicene council leh Constantinople council thukhensatna ah trinity doctrine tawh kibang linlian

hi). HIh To Thumte in hihna khempeuh ah kikim ciat uh hi, ci in kipsak uh hi.

3. Sabbath: Calvin in a genna ah Sabbath pen hong piang ding Khazih etsakna hi ci a, Khazih sungah

kicing khinta hi, Khazih adingin nasemte adingin, sun leh zan in Pasian thu ih gengen ding hun ahi hi,

ci in Calvin in hilh hi. Ahizongin, hih confession ah, Sabbath pen Khazih sungah beisiangta a, Khazih

pen Sabbath ahi hi cih thu nial uh hi. Thukham 10 te tawh kisai in, Khazih tungtawnin hong

puahphato hi ci uh hi. Tua ahih man in, Sabbath pen Sunday ah hong kipuahpha to hi, Jesu

thawhkikni pen thupi zawkan hi ci in, hong kipsak uh hi. Thukham hong bawl uh a, Sunday ni in

nasem theilo, zuak theilo, vanlei theilo, ci uh hi. America ah hih Puritan te thu khensatna hong

kizomto in “blue laws” ci in hong kipsak uh hi. LST sungah Pasian in Sabbath ni Saturday ni pen

Sunday ni ah a laih hi cih khatvei beek a gen ngeikei hi. Ahizongin, 1800 kum nunglam pan in

America ah pawlpi khat hong dingkhia a, Seventh-day Adventists kici pawlpi in, hih Westminster

confession hong bulphah uh hi. Sabbath ni in Saturday ni hi a, ih siangtho sak ding ahi hi ci in hong

bullet mahmah uh hi. Sawl.15:19-29; Rom.14:5-6; Gal.4:9-11; Kol.2:16-17 munte a sim uh hangin,

theisiamlo uh hi. A taktak in, Khristiante pen Khasiangtho sungah a tawlngate ih hi hi. LST in

biakpiakna dingin ni khat teitei zat ding hong gen a, ni khat bek ah biakpiakna hun pen Thukhun

Thak hun pan in Khazih sungah kizangta hi.

4. Tomlakna: Khazih in Pa tawh hihna khat neikhawm hi (one substance), nungak siangtho sungah

hong suak a, Pasian-ming hihna ah palai hong sem hi. A kicing biakna dingin amahmah hong kipia in,

Pasian tawh kilemkikna dingin ama sisan tawh hong tanhkhia hi. A sapsa mite bek in gupna a ngah

ding hi, tuate pen leipianma pek in a ciaptehsa ahi hi. Gupkhiatna kitantheilo a, khamuanna neite ahi

uh hi, thu umlote in hih khamuanna neikhalo uh hi. Nupa hikhinsa khat in, paktatna tawh mawhna a

bawl leh a zi/pasal mathei hi. Mi khat peuh a sih phet in gupngahte vantung ah, gupngahlo khate

pen hell ah tungpah ciat ding uh hi. Mi khempeuh gamtat bangin thukhen dingin Khazih in thuneihna

nei hi.


18

Vatican Council

Vatican khuapi pen Pope a omna khuapi hi in, hih khua ah council lian mahmah nih te tawm ih ensuk

ding hi. Tua pen, Vatican Council I (Amasa) leh Vatican Council II (a nihveina).

1. 1854 kum in, Pope Pius IX thuneihna tawh council zong samlo in a siangtho Tonu Mary cih doctrine

hong kipsak hi. Mipite lungsim sungah zong a om khinsa hi in, pope thuneihna taktak tawh

doctrine in nei ding hi hang ci in a tangko khiapa hongsuak hi. Catholic theology ah, Mary pen

leitung sihna thuaklo hi, a pumpi leh khate tawh vantung ah kilato hi ci uh hi. Ahizongin, Jerusalem

khuapi ah RC te in Pasian nu Mary sihna mun ci in phawkna suang khat phuh uh hi (memorial stone

for the Mother of God). 1891 kum ciangin, Pope Leo XIII in a genna ah, tonu Mary tungtawn simloh

in Pasian in na khat peuh hong piakna ding lampi dang omlo a, tua pen Pasian geelna hi,” ci hi.

Ahizongin, Vatican Council II na pen 1962-19965 kumciang in Pope John Paul II makaihna tawh

hong bawl uh a, Mary tawh kisai, Jesu nu ahi hi, numei thupi hi, cih simloh pahtawina a khengval in

piakloh ding ahi hi, ci in hong khensat uh hi. Palai leh mipite lungsim sungah Vatican Council II na ah

ih khensat pen puahpha kik leng hoih ding hi ci in, agenda kipuak den hi. 1997 kum ciang in ngetna

gam 157 pan, mipi awn li valte (four millions) in, Pope thuneihna tawh Mary vai hibang in hong

khensat in ci in thuum uh hi. Tua a thuumna uh pen, “Mary is “Co-Redemptrix, Mediatrix of All

Graces and Advocate for the People of God” (mi khempeuh in hehpihna (gupkhiatna ah hong

thuumsak ding) ih ngah theihna ding in palai hong sepsak thei ding Mary bek om hi. Tua ngetna lai

apiate sungpan in Calcutta, India khuapi ah nahoih sem Mother Teresa, bishops 500, leh cardinal 42

te zong kihel hi. Hih doctrine deihna bulpi in, gupkhiatna ih ngah theihna dingin Mary tawh

kopkhawm kisam hi cihna a hi hi. Mary cih pen Jesu nu hi a, Mary deihsak ngetna pen Pasian in nial

ngeingeilo ding cih lamen uh hi.

2. 1870 kum in Pope omna khuapi ah Council hong nei uh a, hih mun san ah pope thukhensatnate

khempeuh khialhna om ngeilo ding hi cih hong kipsak uh hi (the infallibility of the pope). “Khial

theilo” cih tawh kisai in, thu um mi leitung khempeuh ah a omte tungah a vaihawmna leh a

thuhilhna cihte bulphuh uh a, nisim a nuntakna, akampau nate khempeuh a gennopna hilo hi ci in,

hilhcian uh hi. Hih council ah pawlpi tawh kisai vaihawmna leh gelna khempeuh ah Pope khensatna

bangbang hi tawntung ding hi cih hong kipsak leuleu uh hi. A taktak in, hih thu pen Pope Gregory

VII (1073-1085) hunlai in a kikipsak khinsa khat ahi hi. Council dang khat a kitutkikma hunsung

khempeuh a khensatsa uh pen a kip ahi hi. 754 kum in Italy (Rome) gam ah nasiatakin buaina hong

pianciangin, Donation kici Pepin khuapi ah pope om a, tua mun pope omna quarter hongsuak hi.

Ahizongin, Vatican khuapi pen gam ki-ukna ah independent khat hongsuak ahih man in, tua mun

san ah 1870 kum in pope omna hong kituah leuleu in, tuni dong in Vatican khuapi pen pope omna

headquarter hongsuak hi.

Vatican Council II na pen Blessed John XXIII (1958-1963) hun pan in hong kipan in 1962 kum in kinei

hi. Council kizo siang nailo in pope hong si in, ama zaa a luahto Paul VI (1963-1978)hunsung 1965

kum in kizosiang ta hi. Tuni dong in a kizangto hih Vatican Council II na pen a thupi mahmah khat

hong suak a, hong puahphat uh zong honkhat om hi, tuate tawm en ni:


19

- Pastoral, rather than dogmatic, discussion: Tuucing bang in pastor te in mipite tungah nasem ding

a, ngeina omsa bang hihen cih hikhin pah zawlo ding, kikup masak sangin mipite kisap vathei zaw

ding

- Conciliatory, rather than confrontational: thuzawh bawl sangin kilemna khaici tuh zaw ding.

Vatican council II na hunma ciangciang pen RC leh Protestant te ki khawlkhawm cih bang om

ngeilo a, RC khat in Protestant biakinn apai ding pen a sianglo bangin kituat hi. Ahizongin, hih hun

pan kipan in fellowship cihte, Jews, Muslim, Protestants te tawh bangci bangin ki khawlkhawm

leng gupna thu kigen thei zawding cih lunggulhna ahi hi.

- Enhancement of the Bishop’s role: a tangzai zaw bishopte nasem dan ding cih hong khensat uh

hi. Vatican Council amasa pen 1870 hun lai in thu hilhna leh vaihawmna khempeuh Pope

tungtawn bek hiding hi cih hi mah leh Vatican Council nihna pan in, bishop te septheih ding

bangciang cih hong puahpha uh hi. Ukna taktak a hih leh Pope thuneihna mah hi veve a,

ahizongin, pawlpi mailam kalsuan zia ding tawh kisai in, council palaite thu khensatna (a tamzaw

thu) zong zat theih hita hi ci in, a tangzaizaw ki makaihna hong puahpha uh hi.

- New Emphasis on the Bible: Laisiangtho bulphuhna thak cih thu hong khensat leuleu uh hi. LST

leh pawlpi ngeina (tradition) akibang in Pasian humop hi cih a kip mah hilai veve mah leh, mipi,

taangpite in zong LST simtheita ding cih hong khensat uh hi. Hun beisa ciangciang pen Latin

Vulgate pen Pasian humop ahi hi, tua bek mah sim ding a thupi pen hi cih khensatna hi a,

ahizongin, tu in ei theih kammal, lai, ciat tawh LST sim theihna thukhensatna hong neita uh hi.

1229 kum in sinna a neilo mi khatpeuh in LST sim theilo ding cih khauhtakin a khensatna uh hong

phelkhiata cih ding a hi hi.

- Modernization and reform of liturgy and canon law: LST ngeina, thu leh la te ah khangthak omzia

bangin kalsuan ding. Kum 400 val bang pawlpi in ngeina khauhtak tawh a neih uh tampi hong

kilamdang hi. Siampi hunzatna leh biakpiakna kammal te ah hun beisa in Latin pau ki bulphuh den

hi mah leh tu in ei theih pau ciat zat theih ta hi cih khensatna hong nei uh hi. Hun beisa in Topa

Zeisu a sihni (Good Friday) in sa nek ding kikham a, ngasa bek nektheih ahi hi ci in thukhun om hi

(ngasa bek nek theih cih pen nungzuipi a tamzaw ngabeng ahihna hang zong kihel hi, asiangtho

sa). Ahizongin, hih council pan kipan in nek theih namte thukhun hong pengsakta uh hi.

Vatican Council ah doctrine te tawh kisai puahphatna sangin, pawlpi ngeina (traditions) tampi

hongpuahpha uh hi. A vek in ih genkhin zo kei ding hi, ahizongin, ih theih ding a kilawm honkhat ih kikum

khinzo hi. Pawlpi tangthu ah doctrine te tawh kisai tawm ih etna sungah pawlpi khempeuh hong

katkhiatna a bulpi pen Roman Catholic ahi hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh Rome Kumpi Khristian hong suah

ciangin, kumpi thuneihna tawh Khristian hong uk khawm ahih man in, LST tungtawnin cih hi masa lo in

kumpi thuneihna tawh na khempeuh hong kalsuanpih uh ciangin, thumaan tampi hong kiselcip hi. Kumpi

thuneihna tawh hong makaih uh ih cih ciangin, thumaan thutak khat zong kihello cihna hilo in, tang leh

tahum pen hong pokhawm ahih man in, LST bulphuh a, thumaan thutak ih kan hong kulta ahi hi. Rome

kumpi in Khristian hong makaih hun pan in tuni dong Khristian sungah ahiding banga ih ngaihsut abulpi

zawdeuhte in:

- Trinity upna

- Trinity upna tawh ki tuiphumna

- LST bulpite

- Biakna pawite


20

KUM ZALOM 20 KHANLAWHNA (2Oth Century Revival)

Bethel College ah Khanlawhna

1890 kumin holiness thu hilh sia kum 25 apha Parham in Bethel cidamna inn ci-in phuan khia hi. Tua

mun panin Is. 55:1 sik sanin Sawltak upna (The Apostolic faith) cih lai hawm khia hi. 1900 kum ciangin

“Bethel College” ci-in Laisiangtho sang khat hong kik-a mi 40 bang kah uh hi. Lai siangtho bulphuh in

upna tawh kalsuan uh hi. Laisiangtho in Kha siangtho tawh ki baptized te bang tawh ki langsak hiam cih

thu innlai (homework) dingin pia hi. Sang naupangte in kikupna aneih khit uh ciangin, Sia pa dong kik

uha, sang naupang khempeuh in Kha siangtho ngah hi cih a kitheihna pen Lai siangtho in “Kamtuam

pauna hi” ci-in dawng kik uh hi.

31st Dec,1900 ni zan kikhopna ah sang naupangte banah mi 75 avekpi un 115 kikhawm uh hi. Tua lai ah

Kha siangtho in nasem ahih manin nuamsa uh a, nidanga, akikhop uh tawh kilamdang taktak ahih lam

zong kiphawk uh hi. 1st Jan,1901 ni zan nai (11:00) ciangin sang naupang Agnes N.Ozman kici numei khat

in Kha siangtho angah theihna dingin a lutungah khut nga-in thu a ngetsak nangun ngen hi. Perham in

tua nu tungah khut nga in thu angetsak ciangin tha khatin kamtuam hong paupah a, “ka sung tawng

panin nuntakna guntui luang bangin luang khia hi” ci-in teci pang hi.

Pentecostal Kha Khanlawhna tawh Jesu min tonkhawm

Thu hilh Sia Perham in 3rd Jan,1901 ni’n TOPIKA khua a om Free Methodist pawlpi ah thuhilh a, apai khit

asawt lo-in sang naupangte kim-khat athungetna pan kamtuam tawh pau in kim khat in tua kamtuam

pau akhiat na gen uh hi. Perham atun’ kik ciangin inn dei sung khatah khuavak tang mu a, tua ni mahin

ama kikhoppih pawl tuamtuam pan thuhilh Sia 12 in Kha siangtho ngahin pautuam tawh pau uh hi. Tua

ciangin Perham in thu kizaksakna (newspaper) tawh tangko ahih manin tua kum zalom 20 pana,

Pentecost Kha khan lawhna hong kizom pai suak hi. TOPIKA khua Kha kibuakna le kamtuam pauna tawh

kisai-in kinialna nasia takin om hi. Kha Siangtho ngahna in Kamtuam pauna tawh kilang ahi hiam?” cih

dotna hong om ta hi. Kha Siangtho ngahna pen kamtuam tawh kilang hi cih Lai singtho in tel takin hong

lak hi cih agen mi pawlkhat thakhat in hong khang khia hi. Tua te pen Pentecostal mi ki ci hi.

Khanlawhna in Leitung khempeuh ah hong kizel

Pentecost kha khanlawhna in thakhat thu in USA, Canada leh leitung mun tuamtuamte ah hong kizeel hi.

Pentecost kha meikuang akizelh zia leh amanna in amathu leh amah-a piang tawm tawh ki bang hi.

America sak lam gam Chicago, Illinois, Portland, Oregon, Ohio, New York, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,

Winnipeg, Manipoba, Eastern Ontario, Hamitonte ah nasia takin khan lawhna hong tung pah hi. Tua

banah; Europe, England, Norway, Asia, a diakdiakin South East Asia, Sen, Africa, Latin gam leh Australia

gamte ah hong kizeel hi.

Tua hun laitak America gamah piangthak pawlpi tuamtuam a om hangin Kha Siangtho ngah a kamtuam

tawh pauna ki sangkim nailo hi. “Holiness Church” Perham pawlpi zong hih Pentecostal kha khanlawhna

hangin pawlpi kitam a, tua sung pan “Pentecostal Holiness Church” leh “Assemblies Church of God” (AG)


21

te in sanguh hi. A kipat cil lamin hih khan lawhna pen “Apostolic Faith” ki ci-in a sawt lo-in “Pentecostal”

hong ki ci hi.

Pentecostal tangthu tawh kisai-in 1913 kumin Los Angels, California ah camp meeting kibawl a, meeting

kah mi 362 in Kha Siangtho baptized ngah uh hi. Tuiphumna abawl uh ciangin Evan R.E.M.CAllister thu

hilhsak uh a, tuiphumna thu a hilhsak uh ciangin nungzui sawltak te in piangthak mite atuiphum uh

ciangin Pa, Ta, Kha Siangtho min zanglo in, Zeisu min zang hi ci in hilh khia hi.

Zeisu min tawh ki tui phumna thu in Bomb puakkham bangin kiza ahih manin hih thu agen nawn lohna

dingin kikhaam hi. Ahih hangin thuman thutak thu ahih manin kikhaam zolo ahih banah hih kikhop

hunsung mah in John Scheppe kici mikhat in Zeisu min vang liatna thu mangmu hi. A zing ciangin, amang

muhna tangko in inn khat pan inn khat ah avak kawikawi ciangin avakna mi khempeuhte lungsim sukha

mahmah hi.

INNLAI KHAWK

1. Tulai Trinity te upna leh AD 300 ma hun a, trinity hong piankhiatzia upna a ki lamdanna gelh in. A

kibatna leh a kibatlohna khinkhai inla hoihtak in gelh in.

2. RC te Pope khangsimna hoihtakin enpha in la, Piter pan pope bangzahna ciang Jesu min tawh

kituiphum hiam cih a kum tawh gelh in. Trinity upna tawh a kituiphum masa penpen ding nang

up mawh kua pope min nei pen hi ding hiam, na ngaihsutna gelh in la, ahang zong gelh in.

3. RC thumanlohna hangin pawlpi kikhenkham a, RC upna a kiton pih lai veve hon khat gelh in.

4. Bang hangin kum zalom 20 khanlawhna in Jesu min tawh tonkhawm phadeuh hi ding hiam, na

ngaihsutna laimai dim khat gelh in.


22

RC TE NGAIHSUTNA PAN POPE KHANGGUI SIMNA

1. St. Peter (32-67)

2. St. Linus (67-76)

3. Anacletus (Cletus) (76-88)

4. St. Clement I (88-97)

5. Evaristus (979-105)

6. St. Alexander I (105-115)

7. St. Sixtus I (Xystus I zong kici) (115-125

8. St. Telesphorus (125-136)

9. St. Hyginus (36-140)

10. St. Pius I (140-155)

11. St. Anicetus (115-166)

12. St. Soter (166-175)

13. St. Eleutherius (175-189)

14. St. Victor I (1889-199)

15. St. Zephyrinus (199-217)

16. St. Callistus I (217-222) Callitus leh a thuap

pope thumte leh Hippolytus ki lehdo hi (217-

236)

17. St. Urban I (222-230)

18. St. Pontain (230-235)

19. St. Anterus (235-236)

20. St. Fabian (236-250)

21. St. Cornelius (251-253)Novatian tawh kigal hi

(251)

22. St. Lucius I (253-254)

23. St. Stephen I (254-257)

24. St. Sixtus II (257-258)

25. St. Dionysius (260-268)

26. St. Felix I (269-274)

27. St. Eutychian (275-283)

28. St. Caius (283-296) Gaius zong kici

29. St. Marcellinus (296-304)

30. St. Marcellus I (308-309)

31. St. Eusebius (309-310)

32. St. Miliades (311-314)

33. St. Styester I (314-335)

34. St. Marcus (336)

35. St. Julius I (337-352)

36. Liberius (352-366), Felix II tawh kilangbawl

uh hi (355-365)

37. St. Damasus I (366-383), Ursicinus tawh

kilang uh hi (366-67)

38. St. Siricius (384-399)

39. St. anastasius I (399-401)

40. St. Inocent I (401-417)

41. St. Zosimus (417-418)

42. St. Boniface I (418-422), Eulalius tawh kilang

uh hi (418-419)

43. St. Celestine I (422-432)

44. St. Sixtus III (432-440)

45. St. Leo I (the Great) (440-461)

46. St. Hilarius (461-468)

47. St. Simplicius (468-483)

48. St. Felix III (II) (483-492)

49. St. Gelasius I (492-496)

50. Anastasius II (496-498)

51. St. Symmachus (498-514), Laurentius tawh

kilang uh hi (498-501)

52. St. Hormisdas (514-523)

53. St. John I (523-526)

54. St. Felix IV (III) (526-530)

55. Boniface II (530-532)

56. St. John II (533-535)

57. St. Agapetus I (535-536)Apapitus I zong kici)

58. St. Silverius (536-537)

59. Vigilius (537-555)

60. Pelagius I (556-561)

61. John III (561-574)

62. Benedict I (575-579)

63. Pelagius II (579-590)

64. St. Gregory I (the Great) (590-604)

65. Sabinian (604-606)

66. Boniface III (607)

67. St. Boniface IV (608-615)

68. St. Deusddit (Adeodatus I zong kici) (615-

618)

69. Boniface V (619-625)

70. Honorius I (625-638)

71. Severnus (640)

72. John IV (640-642)


23

73. Theodore I (642-649)

74. St. Martin I (649-655)

75. St. Eugene I (655-657)

76. St. Vitalian (657-672)

77. Adeodatus II (672-676)

78. Donus (676-678)

79. St. Agtho (678-681)

80. St. Leo II (682-683)

81. St. Benedict II (684-685)

82. John V (685-686)

83. Conon (686-687)

84. St. Sergius I (687-701) Theodore leh Paschl te

tawh kilang

85. John VI (701-705)

86. John VII (705-705-707

87. Sisinus (708)

88. Constantine (708-715)

89. St. Gregory II (725-731)

90. St. Gregory III (731-741)

91. St. Zechary (741-752)Stephen II in ama

dinmun luahto pah hi, pope tokhom a tut

madeuh in sipah a, khangthakte simna ah

Zechary kihello hi.

92. Stephen III (752-757)

93. St. Paul I (757-767)

94. Stephen IV (767-772) Constantine II (767) leh

Philip (768) te tawh kilang uh hi.

95. Adrian I (772-795)

96. St. Leo III (795-816)

97. Stephen V (816-817)

98. St. Paschal I (817-824)

99. Eugene II (824-827)

100. Valentine (827)

101. Gregory IV (827-844)

102. Sergius II (844-847)

103. St. Leo IV (847-855)

104. Benedict IIII (855-858)

105. St. Nicholas I (the Great) (858-867)

106. Adrian II (867-872)

107. John VIII (872-882)

108. Marinus I (882-884)

109. St. Adrian III (884-88)

110. Stephen VI (885-891)

111. Formosus (891-896)

112. Boniface VI (896)

113. Stephen VII (896-897)

114. Romanus (897)

115. Theodore II (897)

116. John IX (898-900)

117. Benedict IV (900-903)

118. Leo V (903) Christopher tawh kilang uh hi

119. Sergius III (904-911)

120. Anastasius III (911-9113)

121. Lando (913-914)

122. John X (914-928)

123. Leo VI (928)

124. Stephen VIII (929-931)

125. John XI (931-935)

126. Leo VII (936-939)

127. Stephen IX (939-942)

128. Marinus II (942-946)

129. Agapetus II (9946-955(

130. John XII (955-963)

131. Leo VIII (963-964)

132. Benedict V (964)

133. John XIII (965-972)

134. Benedict VI (973-974)

135. Benedict VII (974-983)

136. John XIV (983-984)

137. John XV ((985-986)

138. Gregory V (996-999), John XVI tawh kilangdo

uh hi.

139. Sylyester II (999-1003)

140. Jhn XVII (1003)

141. John XVIII (1003-1009)

142. Sergius IV (1009-1012)

143. Benedict VIII (1012-1024)

144. John XIX (1024-1032)

145. Benedict IX (1032-1045), hih min pen

thumvei atuam in kigelh hi, hang pen

kikhawlsak kik in, ki lutkik sak zel hi.

146. Sylvester III (1045)

147. Benedict IX (1045)

148. Gregory VI (1045-1046)


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149. Clement II (1046-1047)

150. Benedict IX (1047-1048)

151. Damasus II (1048)

152. St. Leo IX (1049-1954)

153. Victor II (1055-1057)

154. Stephen X (1057-1058)

155. Nicholas II (1058-1061), Benedict X tawh a

ngaihsutna kituaklo hi

156. Alexander II (1061-073), Honorius II tawh a

ngaihsutna kituaklo hi

157. St. Gregory VII (1073-1085)

158. Blessed Victor III (1086-1087)

159. Blessed Urban II (1088-1099)

160. Paschal II (1099-111)

161. Gelasius II (1118-1119)

162. Callistus II (1119-1124)

163. Honorius II (1124-1130)

164. Innocent II (1130-1143)

165. Celestine II (1143-1144)

166. Lucius II (1144-1145)

167. Blessed Eugene III (1145-1153)

168. Anastasius IV (1153-1154)

169. Adrian IV (1154-1159)

170. Alexander III (1159-1181), Octavius (Victor IV

zong kici) (1159-1164), Pascal III (1165-1168),

Callistus III (1168-1177), Innocent II (1178-

1180) te tawh kilangneih uh hi

171. Lucius III (118-1185)

172. Urban III (1185-118)

173. Gregory VIII (1187)

174. Clement III (1187-1191)

175. Celestine III (1191-1198)

176. Innocent II (1198-1216)

177. Honorius III (1216-1227)

178. Gregory IX (1227-1241)

179. Celestine IV (1241)

180. Innocent IV (1243-1254)

181. Alexander IV (1254-1261)

182. Urban IV (1261-1264)

183. Clement IV (1265-1268)

184. Blessed Gregory X (1271-1276)

185. Blessed Innocent V (1276)

186. Adrian V (1276)

187. John XXI (1276-1277)

188. Nicholas III (1277-1280)

189. Martin IV (1281-1285)

190. Honorius IV (1285-1287)

191. Nicholas IV (1288-1292)

192. St. Celestine V (1294)

193. Boniface VIII (1294-1303)

194. Blessed Benedict XI (1303-1304)

195. Clement V (1305-1314)

196. John XXII (1316-1334) Nicholas V (1328-

1330) tawh a ngaihsutna uh kituaklo

197. Benedict XII (1334-1342)

198. Clement VI (1342-1352)

199. Innocent VI (1352-1362)

200. Blessed Urban V (1362-1370)

201. Gregory XI (1370-1378)

202. Urban VI (1378-1389), Robert of Geneva

(Clement VII zong kici) tawh kilangpan (1378-

1394)

203. Boniface IX (1389-1404)

204. Innocent VII (1404-1406) Pedro De Luna

(Benedict XIII zongkici) tawh kilangpan

(1394-1417)

205. Gregory XII (1406-1415) Pedro de Lna

(Benedict XIII zong kici) tawh kilangpan

(1394-1417), Baldassare Cossa (Jhn XXIII

zong kici) tawh zong kituaklo

206. Martin V (1417-1431)

207. Eugene IV (1431-1447), Amadeus of Savoy

(Felix V zong kci) tawh kilangpan

208. Nicholas V (1447-1455)

209. Callistus III (1455-1458)

210. Pius II (1458-1464)

211. Paul II (1464-1471)

212. Sistus IV (1471-1484)

213. Innocent VI (1484-1492)

214. Alexander VI (1492-1503)

215. Pius III (1503)

216. Julius II (1503-1513)

217. Leo X (1513-1521)

218. Adrian VI (1522-1523)


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219. Clement VII (1523-1534)

220. Paul III (1534-1549)

221. Julius III (1550-1555)

222. Marcellus II (1555)

223. Paul IV (1555-1559)

224. Pius IV (1559-1565)

225. St. Pius V (1566-1572)

226. Gregory XIII (1572-1582)

227. Sixtus V (1585-1590))

228. Urban VII (1590)

229. Gregory XIV (1590-1591)

230. Innocent IX (1591)

231. Clement VIII (1592-1605)

232. Leo XI (1605)

233. Pual V (1605-1621)

234. Gregory XV (1621-1623)

235. Urban VIII (1623-1644)

236. Innocent X (1644-1655)

237. Alexander VII (1655-1667)

238. Clement IX (1667-1669)

239. Clement X (1670-1676)

240. Blessed Innocent XI (1676-1689)

241. Alexander VIII (1689-1691)

242. Innocent XII (1691-1700)

243. Clement XI (1700-1721)

244. Innocent XIII (1721-1724)

245. Benedict XIII (1724-1730)

246. Clement XII (1730-1740)

247. Benedict XIV (1740-1758)

248. Clement XIII (1758-1769)

249. Clement XIV (1769-1774)

250. Pius VI (1775-1799)

251. Pius VII (1800-1823)

252. Leo XII (1823-1829)

253. Pius VIII (1829-1830)

254. Gregory XVI (1831-1846)

255. Blessed Pius IX (1846-1878)

256. Leo XIII (1878-1903)

257. St. Pius X (1903-1914)

258. Benedict XV (1914-1922)

259. Pius XI (1922-1939)

260. Pius XII (1939-1958)

261. Blessed John XXIII (1958-1963)

262. Paul VI (1963-1978)

263. John Paul II (1978)

264. Blessed John Paul II (1978-2005)

265. Benedict XVI (2005-2013)

266. Fancis (2013-)

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