Final Project Research

Chua Cong Yang | Khoo Yihan | Park Seong Jin4S2 Inertia

Physics: PBL Wired Up!

Circuitry Design

Appliance Wattage/W Time daily/h Room

Shaver 15 5/60 Bathroom

Water Heater 2552 40/60 Bathroom

Hair Dryer 1200 5/60 Bedroom Main

Radio 10 120/60 Bedroom Main

Television Set 110 20/60 Bedroom 2

Air Conditioning 1900 600/60 3 Bedrooms

Washing Machine

350 100/60 Kitchen

Iron 1000 30/60 Kitchen

Toaster 1550 5/60 Kitchen

Refrigerator 1725 24 Kitchen

Power Consumption Estimations

Appliance Wattage/W Time daily/h Room

Vacuum Cleaner 630 15/60 Living Room

Laptop 240 120/60 Living Room

Television Set (Small)

70 60/60 Living Room

Massage Chair 50 30/60 Living Room

Lights 940 19 All rooms

Power Consumption Estimations

Cost Calculations (daily)Energy Used (in kWh)

15 5 2552 40 1200 5 10 120 110 20= ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

1000 60 1000 60 1000 60 1000 60 1000 601900 600 350 100 1000 30 1550 5 1725

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (24)1000 60 1000 60 1000 60 1000 60 1000

630 15 240 120 70( ) ( )

1000 60 1000 60 100

60 50 30 940

( ) ( ) (19)0 60 1000 60 1000

253.342583 kWh=253.3 kWh

Room No. of Sockets

Max Current/A

No. of Sockets used daily

Current used daily/A

Living Room 8 120 4 60

Main Bedroom

4 60 3 45

Bedroom 2 4 60 2 60

Bedroom 3 4 60 1 15

Kitchen 4 60 3 45

2 Bathrooms 2 30 1 15

TOTAL 240

Sockets Given each power socket draws a maximum of 15A current before circuit trips

Lighting daily

Room No. of lights Current used/A

Living Room 3 1.68

Main Bedroom 1 0.56

Bedroom 2 1 0.56

Bedroom 3 1 0.56

Kitchen 2 1.12

2 Bathrooms 2 1.12

TOTAL 5.6

Lighting in each room is aligned in parallel.Each bulb is 10W.

(in amps) (in watts/volts)

100.5599 0.56 (2 s.f.)940

(19)1000

WI

E

I A A

Built in RCD (Residual Current Device) that will trip the whole main circuit in the event of a current overload.

Earth wires built in for each power socket. The mains are fitted with an Earth Line Circuit Breaker to prevent electric shocks should the live or neutral wires be in contact with conductors in the appliances.

Lighting placed in parallel to ensure that if one bulb blows, the rest still works.

Design Features

Check for energy-efficient appliances, with labels as:

◦ To minimize electricity consumption (low wattage appliances).

Recommendations

Set your clothes washer to the warm or cold water setting, not hot. ◦ Switching from hot to warm for two loads per week

can save nearly 500 pounds of CO2 per year if you have an electric water heater, or 150 pounds for a gas heater.

Turn down your water heater thermostat.◦ Thermostats are often set to 140 degrees F when 120

is usually fine. ◦ Each 10 degree reduction saves 600 pounds of CO2

per year for an electric water heater, or 440 pounds for a gas heater.

Recommendations

Weatherize your home using caulk and weather stripping.◦ Plug air leaks around doors and windows. ◦ Caulking* costs less than $1 per window, and

weather stripping is under $10 per door. ◦ These steps can save up to 1100 pounds of CO2

per year for a typical home.

◦ * Caulking is one of several different processes to seal joints or seams in various structures and certain types of piping to cut energy costs in keeping rooms warm/cold.

Recommendations

Usage of electricity by the household is consistent on a daily basis

No new appliances are added or removed from this circuit design

All the lighting used in the house is identical and of the same wattage.

Assumptions

How do we apply our new knowledge to solve the problem?◦ Seeking ways to get a design that minimizes cost.◦ No compromise on safety.

What evidence is required to support our solution?◦ Mathematical calculations to show cost-effectiveness.

Have we address all the concerns that surface in the problem?

◦ Troubleshoot any possible flaws in the design.

Team Evaluation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caulking http://www.powerscorecard.org/reduce_ener

gy.cfm ◦ Last accessed on 14th April 2012◦ [Online] Resource.

Biblio!

Thank You.4S2 | Inertia