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AUGUST LIVSHITZ chru

FIRST CHALLENGE

CADOGA CHESS BOOKS

Test Your Chess IQ

First Challenge

CADOGANCHESSSER~

Chief Advisu: O.arry K.asparov Ed;tor: Mumy Cban<iJer Russian Ser~es Ed;tor: Ken Neal

01l1tr CADOGAN CHESS books include:

AVERBAKH Chess MiddJeg_ames: Essential Knowledge

BAGIROV English Opening: Classical and Indian

BAGIROV English Opening: Symmetrical

BRONSTEIN & R)RSTENBERG Th~ So~erer's Apprentice

DAMSKY The Heavy Pioccs in Aclloo

GUFELD An Opening Repertoire for the ALtack.ing Player

KASPAROV Lessons io Otess

M£DNIS Practical Opening Tip.-;

MEDNIS & CROUCH Rate Your Endgame

HARDING & CAFFERTY Play th~ E\'ans Gambit

LALIC The Queen'$ Indian Defence

NEISHTADT The Queen's Gambit Accepted

KALLAl Basic Cbess Opeoi._gs

K.RASE 'KOV Open Spanish

TA1MANOV Taimaoov•s Selected Games

TIMMAN Studies and Gam~

VAN RlEMSDUK AND HAJENIUS The Final Countdown

WATSON Play dte french (nc:w edition)

for a oomplete catalogue of CADOGAN CHESS books (whach includes the former Pergamon Chess aCid Maxwell Macmillan Cbessllst) please write to:

Cadogan Books. 27-29 Berwick St. London W 1 V 3RF

Test Your Chess IQ

First Challenge

by AUGUST LIVSHITZ

Translated and edited by KEN NEAT

CADOGAN I /I< \ \

First published 1981 by Pergamon Press as Test Your Chess JQ. Book I. Seoond Edition 1988. Reprinted 1989.

This edition publi,shed 1997 by Cadogan Books. pte, 27·29 Berwick St. London W 1 V JRF. Copyright tg 1981 August Uvshitz English Translation e 1988 Ken Neat

All rights ~ No part of this publication may be reproduced, stor-ed in a retrie,•al system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic. eleccrostatic, mJgnetic tape. mechanicaJ, pbo(ocopying, recording or ~lse. without prior permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Ca.woguing in PUblication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book i!O a\'ailable from the British Library

ISBN I &~744 139 7

Disoibuted in Nonh America by Simon & Schuster, Paramount Publishing. 200 Old Tappan Road. Old Tappan, New Jer&ey 0161'5, USA.

All ocher sales enquiries mould be directed to Cadogan Boob plc, 27-29 Berwick St. London WI V 3RF

Co~·er Oe$ian: Berfort Reproduction!i Printed and bound in Great Bricain by BPC Wheatons Ud. Ex~r

Contents

Editors Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . vi

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . vu

Tests 1- 56. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Progress Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Indu: of Players . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Editor's Note

A s PEIUI tramer from lhe Soviet Cbes$ School. Au3ust Livslutz has produced a classic handbook to help the aspiring player develop his or her combinational kills. The different tacucal lhemes have been co.refully selected and arranged to buj)d and consolidate themes learnt, and will prove e~cclJem sntdy material either for home study or a aroup m a o;chool or chess club.

For the scriou~ ~tudent it 1s imptrarlvc to pay careful autntion to the following introduction by lhe author, as thh holds c.he key to approach.ing the tests in a systemacic way and achieving lhe maximum J>O$Sible itnprovemetu from the coorse.

When studying che diagrams, please note that ·w· ('B') be.s1ck: a diagram number indicatc-o; lhat it is White {Black) to move. while • ' indicates that the player to move is aimin,g for a draw rather than a win.

This book is the first of a three-volume graduated series. and cbe oompaaion 'lolumes, Test Your Chest IQ: Master ChaJ.lt"n:g.e aod Test Your Chess IQ: Grandmaster CbaJJenee. are al11o available from Cadosan.

Introduction ·~eombinanon is the s.ool o f cbess. ••

Altunder Aktbi:ne

ANYONE beginning a systematjc study of chess is invariably faced by the quescion: with what should I start? One of the greatest of chess teachers, the Cz~.h grandmasler Richard Reti , wrote: 'First you should learn to mate oombinadons, before attemptmg to play positionally.' This principle has been confirmed throughout the history of chess ~ and we seriously advise ever}' chess player to firmly adopt it.

The combinations given in this boot are the fruits of the efforl$ not only of outstanding masters~ but also of littJe-lcnown players, and even of players who are qujte unknown. It cannot be disputed ,that systematic work on the solving of the given combinatjons will rais~ your chess strength significantly, and allow you to determine for yourself the class of pi ayer co whlcb you belong. One of the greatest players of alJ time, the former World Champion Jose Raul Capablanca, defined the importance of an acquaintance with combinations as follows: 'The majority o( chess players are interested primarily an combinations and direct attacks on the king; &uch an interest is to be whole-heartedly encouraged, smce at develops the imagination, whjcb is so necessary for a chess player. And only later. when a player achieves considerable strength, do que&tio1lS associated with the positional as.pect of play begin ·to intere~ him. •

Combln•tlon•l themes In o.rder to consolidate the acquisition of skin. the tests m this book have been arranged

according to definite combinational themes. Most of these themes are self..explanatory ('double attack' 1 •discovered checlc' , 'utilization of open file&', etc .)~ but others may be unfamiliar (e.g. 'diversion', 'decoy', 'interference') . Attempts at solving these tes-ts will soon familiarize cbe reader with the meaning of these various themes, but for anyone who require$ prior knowledae on the subject of oombinational themes, we can recommend pp. 10-SO of Nebhtadt's CattUtroplie in tht Optning (Pergamon Pr,ess, 1'980).

lt may sometimes seem that the motif or theme of the combination is not exactly tho one indicated. Don't be in a hurry to follow your fust inclination, and as~gn the combination to a different theme. h should be pointed out that one frequently comes across combinations in which various ideas are combined. These are closely reJated one to another I and the theme is defined depending on the final goal. To explain this , let us take the following ~"Xample :

Introduction

This position is taken hom the pme Bakulin-8romtetn, played at Kiev in 1965. It &s. Black to move. The unfortunate position of the white king (the motif ofthe combination) allows the following combination to be carried out:

1 ... BdJU The very first move pursues two aims; the vacating of the 'g' file , and the diverting of the white queen. l QxdJ The only reply, otherwise the knight is lost. l ... Jtal + !! The king is decoyed to gl. 3 Kx al ~+ Discovered check. 4 NeJ 4 Khl is met by 4 ... Qf2. when mate is inevitable. 4 . .. RxeJ 5 QfS+ Re6+ l Again discovered check. 6 Kill Qrl! White resigned, since on 7 Qg4 there follows 7 ... QxeJ + 8 Ogl Ox gl + 9 Kxgl el = 0 mate. ·One combination, but bow many combinational themes!

Typlal mi•t•k• •nd how to •void th•m

In order to relate a ptayer's success •n solving these tests to his 'cbess IQ', some sample tests wer-e se.nt to a number of players. co'•ering a wide range of abltity. The solutions submitted also revealed various errors of a generaJ nature:

1. The correct idea is found , but an incorrect order of moves employed, making the combination le effective, or even rotaRy unsound.

2. The solution found ls insufficiently incisive. If one side has a m.~shing position. you can normally expect there to be a ,crushing solution1

3. Occasionally, moves are uggested which are physically impossible! This normally oocurs due to difficulty in envisaging the position several moves ahead, a skiH which. can only come with practi~.

4. The most common error is an underestimation of the opponent's resoutces. Try to take account of aU the opponent•s possibte defences!

Gettlnf1 the mNt out of thll book

By solving a series of position' all displaying the same theme, a player will gradually acquire a •feel ' for wben sucb a combmatjon is po$SibJe. Until such a sk.iJI is acquired, it is advisable to make an evaluation of eacb position, before endeavouring to find the combination. In the sohi ng of each position . we therefore recommend that , lnstead of rushing in and examining the firs.t sacrifice which comes to mind. you should ask your5elf the followiJla questions, which should enable maximum benefit to be gained from the book:

Introduction he

1. What is the materia] situation? (If 1 am a rook down, l will have to find something pretty drastic, such as mate or the win of the opposing queen!)

2. Are there any (permanent) strategic factors in my fa.vour? Do I control the centre. do 1 have a superiority of forces around the opponent's king, is his king exposed, does he bave any weak pawns or squares. etc.

3. Are there any (temporary) tactica• faetors that I can eKploit? ls the opponent's back rank weak, are any of his pieces undefended, are there any geometrical relationships between tbe pieces. etc.

4. Having determined the advantageous featlrtes of my po$ition, can I find a sequence of moves which will eqlloit them, using the stated theme as a guide?

TKIIJing tiNI tests

All the examples in this book are given in the form or tests, io. each of which: there: are eight positions to be solved. A correct solution to a position scores 5 pomts, so m each test there are 40 points to be gained. The solver should remember that a game of·chess does not continue indefinitely, and that the solving of each test must be limited by time. In each spedflc test we indicate approximately the time which is allowed. If you confine yourself to this time, well and good. If on the solution of the test you spend more than the indicated time, then from tbe total sum of points gained you should s.ubtract penalty points at the rate of 1 point for e~ery extraS minutes. If, on the other hand, you soh·e the test more quickly, tben for each S minutes aved add I point to your score. If you are unable to solve all the posltions1 then subtract 5 points from your total for each unsolved example .

The tests are in tended ror players of club strength, corresponding approximaaely to thard to fourth categories in the USSR (about l00--120 on the BCF scale, or 1900-1550 on the ELO scale). How should you set about solving the tests on your own? Apart from. a ch~s set , you will need pen and paper to write with. Set up the first position. and wrrnOUT MOVINO THE PIECES , attempt to solve it using the procedure outlined above. On finding the solution to the first position~ write it out in fuU . On no account should you check your an~wers .after each individual position. If you have solved aU the positions correclly. and within the allotted time, you score the indicated number of points. his not a tragedy if the number of points you score at firs& is low. You will see for yourself that, after you ha\•e tackled four or fh•e tests , the number of points you score will constantly increase

Your solu.tions to a test shouJd be checked only when you have finished solving all the positions in the given test . We deLLberately repeat and draw your attention to this pt>int. The time spent checking should not be included in the time allotted to the solving of the test. Uyou experience difficulty in trying to solve a position, do not be in a burry to look up the answer. Remember that , by solving a position yourself. you have already made a step forward.

YourcheuiQ

The que!$lion a.s to ho~· often you shouJd do these tests will no doubt have oocurred to you. It is desirable that you should solve one or two rests a week . The total number of points that you can score is 2240. plu~ the bonus points for usmg less tame.

As was mentioned earlier , a set of sample tesu was sem out 10 a wide range of \'olunreet1, and on the ba i of their solutions we can ugge t the fo llowing table for asseuing }'Our 'Chess 10', whlch we give in term.s of a BCf or ELO rating:

X In trod vet/on

P'~rceruay score Actual tcote Bcr tauog ELO tllllDJ

100 2240 200 2200 90 2015 175 2.000 AO 179() 150 1800 10 1570 11S 1600 60 1145 100 1400 so 112.0 75 1200

It is no tragedy if you score less than 1100 points, so don't be discouraged. Oearly, you still l\ave to work at at. You will discover your deficiencies, and it follows that you will have the opportunity to eradicate them. And lt is onJy by trying that you achieve anything.

The progre•• ch•rt At the back of the book we give a chart on which you can record your scores. To give an

example of &be scoring procedwe in a particular test. suppose that in one position you fail completely to find the solut.ion-dedoct 5 points. In another position you find the correct initial move, but fail to consider the best defence-deduct 3 points. (Tbe maner of ex.actly how many points to deduct for an incomplete solution we lea\•e up to your judgement and honesty.) You solve all the other six positions correctly. but ta~e a total time o( 53 minutes, compared with the .recommended time of 45 minutes. Your bask score is therefore 40- 8;:!!32, the excess time islO minutes (to the nearest5 minutes) t which means a penalty of 2 pointst leaving a net score of 30 points.

There is also a space in which to record your comments on a particular lest . (Perhaps on the degree of difficulty of the test or a particular positiont o.r- heaven forbidr- a mistake in the author's solution.)

Good luck!

Tests 1-56

2

Test 1 Poaltions 1- 1

Theme-•Oouble attack', time for thought-4S minutes.

l W 1 w

Tut1 3

3 .. 4 B

• 8

' . I 9o'

4

Solutions to THt 1

1. 8 M k-5aila, Stockholm, 1946. 1 QeS!! Resigns.

2. SzabO-Ban, Budapest, 1947. 1 Qe5fl Qf8 2 0 Xf41 Resigns.

3. Domult-Lutskan. USSR, 1976. 1 NdSt cxdS 2 QxdS+ Kb8 3 Qxa8 and wim. White missed tbjs opportunity in the game, which ended in a draw.

4. Tolush-Simagin. Moscow. 19S2. t . . . Qgl +! 2 X x gl Nxe2+ White raig,ns.

S. Gligoric-Smyslo-v, Amsterdam, 1971. 1 ... Qf4!! White resips (any move by the rook i'an'""red by 2 . . . Rxf3! 3 Q Xf3 B x e4).

6. Oehlplank-Pardon, Con .• 1976. 1 . .. Nf3+ I White resigns (since if 2 gxf3, then 2 . .. Q,S+ and J ... Rx d2).

7. Bassler-Scheichel, Grootnaen. 1m. 1 . .. Nxg3! White resiJD.S (2 Nxf$ Ncxc2+!, .or 2 Qx gJ Nx u +).

8. k.rogiut-Martyusbov, Tula, 194-9. 1 0<:6!! Resi3ns (1 ... QX~ 2 Nxe7+ and 3 Nxc6).

T• t 2 Potitiont 9- 11

This test Is more difficult than the previous one, and so the time allotted is greater-SO minutes.

f I tO 'W

Test2

ll w 12 B

t) •

Jj w

I Double attack

S(JiutJon$ to TNt 2 9. Epe.rrRoislag, Amersfoort, 1946 (variation).

1 ... Qh5!, and Black wins, in vtew of the two dtreats of 2 ... QxdS+ and 2 •.. Bh3+ followed by 3 .. . Qdl + , against whk:h White has no d~fence. The posjtion in the diagram was adjudicated, the adjudicator being Ex-World Champion Euv.1t . The .result of the adjudication was . . . a draw.

10. Kolarov- Khadzhipetrov. Sofia. 1955. l R ><b41 Qxb4 2 Na41, and White won two pieces for a root.

11. Bolestavsky-Smy$lov. Moscow, 1950. 1 Nxb5! QxbS 2 Ba4, and \\'hlt.e woo a pawn.

12. Debamor- Rogoff. Las Palmas, 1976. 1 .. . NxeS! 2 dxe5 Qt6!, and Black regains llis piece, remaining a pawn up.

13. Paoti-Andersson, U., Dortmund, 1973. · J . . • Bg5P 2 Bxf4 (or 2 Qxg5 Nh3+) 2 . . . B x b6 White resigns.

14. Matlison-Wright, Bromley, 1945. 1 NxdSl! Qd7 2 e7+!! Resigns.

15 . Boleslavsty- Bisguier , Helsinki, 1952. 1 Nxd5!! ex dS 2 Bc7 Qe8 3 Oxd5 Re$lgns.

16. Sokolsky-Nci, Odessa, 1960. 1 Nxd51! cxd5 2 Be? Oe8 3 Qxd5 Resigns .

Test 3 Positions 17-24

This is not much more complicated than Test 2, but you have already gained some e~periencc , and the theme is familiar, so the time you bould spend is 40 minutes. If you manage everythang, 40 points are yours, but if not, lhen for eacb position not solved deduct 5 points.

J' w l& 8

Tft6f 3 7

» w

:t 8

!) w u w

I

Solution• to THt 3

17. Potugayevsky-Antoshin, Leningrad, 1956. White is the e;Jtcl\ange up , and is bound to win. But it is interesting lO follow how elegantly Polugayevsky concludes the pme . .. 1 g6!! Q x g6+ 2 Rg3 Qd3 (the only move, since 3 Q x d8 was threatened) 3 BaS! Resigns.

18. Lovass-Titkos, Hungary. 1971. 1 ... Rbx<:4t! 2 bxc4 R xd2 3 Qxd2 QP! White resigm (on 4 f3 or 4 g3 there foUows 4 ... Nh3+ ) .

19. Cbemyakov- Belyuchik, Loch., 1953. 1 Q xd7!! Bxd7 2 Nf6+ Kh8 3 Nxe8+ Resigns.

20. Botvinnik-Golombek, Mosoow, 1956. 1 B x g7 Kxg7 2 Rcll Qd? 3 a4 Relips (on 3 . .. Nt7 4 Qd+ Blade loses his knight) .

21. Sznapik- Gaprindasbvili , Sandomierz, 1976. 1 ... 0 Xcl+l 2 QXcl 8 Xb21 and Blade wins, since if 3 Q x b2, then 3 . . . Rel maee.

22. Duckstein- J chanson, Moscow, 1956. 1 Nf6+! Kn 2 Q xg7+!1 Kxg7 3 Ne8+ Religns.

23. Serra-Paidusis, Varna, 1962. 1 Rx e7!t Qc6 (if 1 . .. Rxe7, then 2 N/6+) 2 Rxf7 RxdS 3 Qc31 Resigns.

24. Momo-MacOovan, Moscow, 19S6. I Qf8+! R xf8 2 Rxf8+ Kxt8 3 Nxd7+ Ke8 4 NxeS Re5tgns.


The last one on this theme. It is considerably more complicated than the previous tests. Time for solution-50 minutes.

Test4 t

n a

lO w

ll w

10 Discovered attsck

Solution• to T_, 4

25. Bagirov-Kbolmov~ Baku, 1961. 1 ... R x el +! 2 Rxd Re2!! White~ (against the two threats of 3 . • • Qxf1+ and 3 ... QxcJ there is oo defence) .

26. Bymc-Tarjan, USA Ch., 1975. 1 Qh3! Resigns (1 ... Kxp 2 Qh7+, 3 Qlt8+ and 4 Qxb8).

27. Geller- Tseshk.ovsky, Mosc:ow, 1974. 1 ... d4 2 Ba5 (2 Bdl is met by 2 . . . Rxd2) 2 . . . Re51 White resigns.

28. Popov-Buljovclc, Sombor, 1966. 1 Re8+ ! Rx e8 2 Qxg7+! Kx g7 3 fxe8a N+!I Resigns.

29. Boleslavsky-Taimaoov, Moscow, 1951. 1 d6t cXd6 2 cxd6 Nxd6 (on 2 . .. Rxd there follows 3 d7f) 3 RdJ Resigns.

30. Strautinsch-Gundcrman , Corr., 1970. 1 B X&6 h Xg6 2 Rh8+! KXb8 3 Nr7+ Resigns.

31. Balashov- Bronstein, 43rd USSR Ch., 1975. 1 B X a4 Q Xa4 2 R X·c8 R Xc8 3 Nb6+ f gx b6 (or 3 . •. Kh8 4 Q'><f7Nf6 5 Qg8+ Nxg8 6 Nfl mate) 4 Qg4+ Kh8 5 Qxc8 Resigns.

32. Rantanen-Cardoso, Skopje, 1972. 1 Bx f6 Bxf6 2 Ne4 Qe7 (2 . .. QXc43 Nd6+ ) 3 d6! Qd84 d7+ I Kf8 (if 4 . .. B xd7, tben 5 Qxd7+ Q'>< d7 6 NXf6+) S Nxf6 Resigns.

Test 5 Posltlona 33-40

Time for thought 40 minutes. Since me theme, 'Discovered auaclc' ~ is new. the test is relatively simpJe. For the correct solution of all positions. add 40 points to your score. Deduce S points for eacll position not sotved.

D 8

11

1! w J6 8

, .... • w

.... tO I

12

Solutions to r .. t 5

33. Peuusha-Yushkevich, Minsk, 1967. I .•. Be4!! White resigns.

34. BMk- Halfdanarsson, Bevcrwijk, 1962. I NdS!! Resigns (1 ... cxdS 2 R xa7+11, or 1 ... Qxc:2 2 Nc7 mate).

35. Triluoovio-Aaron, Beverwijk, 1962. I 8&81 Resigns (against 2 Qh7 mate or 2 Rxd8 there is no defence).

36. Mario-Giigoric, Belgrade, 1962. I ... Rb31! White resigns.

37. Boncb-Osmolovsk)'-Ragotin, Lvov, 19SI. I NdSl Resigns.

38. Nilsert-Laustscn, Denmark, 1959. I c6l Qxa 2 Bxc2 Nxc6 3 Bxe7 Nxc7 4 Rxd7, and White won.

39. Bryntso-Erlksen, Corr., 19SO. I Ne7+! Kh8 2 Rxf7l! Resigns.

40. Johanssort-Messing, Berlin, 1973. I ... Qxbl +!I 2 Nxbl Ba6!! Whit.e resigns.

Test 6 Positions 41....S

Pay attention to the solutions when chcelring your answers. In a number of positions, besides the main variation there are also subsidiary variations, and if your solutions are incomplete, or if a subsidiary variation is omitted, for each instance reduce your score by 2-3 points. Fifty minutes arc allotted to this test .

•• • <I w

Tnt6 13

. ,. ... 41 ....

14 OIICOvered check

Solution• to rm B 41. Za.lesnl)-Engen. Corr., 1972-3.

1 ... :&5+! White resigns (2/0JJ Ng4!.' 3 Q><d8 N/2+ 4 Kgl NXH+ 5 Khl Ng3 mate ,. or 2 Kfl Ng41.' 3 Qxd8 Nxhl mate).

42. Richter-WU12., Berlin, 1957. 1 Rxe6fl Re$igns (1 .. . QX/62 Rcl+ andJ Rxf6~or 1 ... Q><el 2RXd R Xel 3 Qd+).

43. Kiffmeyer-sandmeyer. Welt Germany. 1970. 1 BcS! b><e5 2 8 Xe6+ Kh8 3 Rd7 RC$\Jn_s.

<44. Kuindzhi-Jama, Lvov, 1960. 1 R Xe7+ ! K><e7 2 Qe4+ K.d8 3 Nc:6+ 8 Xc6 4 Qxb4 BbS S Qx d6+ Resigns.

45. Strautinscb-Muller. Corr.. 1971- 3. 1 e6!r QxcS 2 NfS+ Qx fS 3 QxfS Religns (on 3 . .. gxf5 there follows4 ~xd7).

46. Deschauer-Meyer., Corr. , 1952-3. 1 Nx g6+f! h x g6 2 Ba7! Qxa7 3 Qh6 mate.

47. Pan-Wheatcroft, London Cb., 1938. 1 Rh511 Qxd7 (on 1 ... Q45 there follows 2 R x h6+/ B><h6 J NgJ mate) 2 Ng;S+ Kh8 3 Rx h6 mate.

48. Bagirov-Zilbenhtain, Rostov, 1971. 1 Rb8+ I R ><b8 2 R Xb8+ Kh7 (or 2 . .. Kf7 3 Ne4!) 3 Nf5!! Resigns (J ... g></5 is answered by 4 Qlt4+ aod S QhS mate).


Theme-'Oisco\lered Check'. A relatively simple test. Taking into account your previous experience and tbe two previous tests. you should e-asily cope with it. Time for this test is 40 minutes.

11/9 w 50 •

Test 7 15

.12 I

S4 8

" Discovtlred chtJCk

Solution• to Tett 7

49. Smyslov-Rabar, Helsinki , 1952. 1 Rxd51l Resisns (1 ... exd5 2 t6+).

SO. Grinfeld-Medyanikova, Tbilisi, 1973-4. I .. . O x 82+ I! White resisns (after 2 Kxtz d4+ Black wins).

51. KochieY-Marit , Kapfenberg, 1976. I Rd8 +1 Resip!S.

52. Zolotarev-steblyanko, USSR, 1976. I ... Rxc2! Wh.ite resigns (2 Qxc2 Qel+. or 2 K xcl Nfl+).

53. Reshevsky-Byme, USA, 1973. 1 .. . Qx82+112 Kx82 BxeS+ White resisns.

54. Lochov- Bishop, Corr., 1946. 1 .. . Nxd51! 2 tXd5 Bxtl+ White resip1s.

SS . Kristev-Tringov, Skopje, 1961. 1 •.. Ohl+ll White resigns (on 2 K xhl tbere follows 2 ... RxhJ+3 Kgl R.hl mate).

56. Olssoo- Dahl. Vlsteris, 1959. I .. . 0 xd2!! 2 Qxd2 e3+ White resigns.

Test 8 Positions 57- 64

A oontinuation of the previou.s theme. 1be examples are slightly more difficult, bu. oevenbeless not exteptionally so. For this test the time for solution is 45 minutes.

11 •

TatS 17

..., .

• 8 62 I

11 The pin

SolutiOM to TNt B

57. N. N.-Evans, Loadon, 1946. (From a simultaneous display with docks.) 1 ... Ne1+!! 2 Kg! (or 2 Nxoo RP+ J Bgl Bf3+ 4 Qg2 Bxg2 mate) 2 ... Qhl+ll White resigns (if J Kxltl, tben J . . . Rfl+ 4 Bgl B/3+ j Qg2 Bxg2 mat.e).

58. MacKelvie>-Challis, Hastings, 1951. 1 Re7++!! Kxe7 2 f6 mate.

59. Y.islov-Viktorov, USSR, 1971. I Bh7+ Kf8 2 Ne6+1 fxe6 3 Bxd6 mate.

60. Ivanov, N.-Belenlty, Leningrad, 1974 (variation). 1 ... Ral + 2 Kh2 Rh3+ 13 gxh3 (J KxltJ Rhl mate) 3 .. . 13+ 4 ReS Bxe5 mate.

61. Serebrislcy-Solmanis, Kaunas, 1946. 1 ... Bxfl+!! 2 Kxf2 Qb6!! (2 ... Qlt4+ is a miltake on a~t of J Kgl R xt1 4 Bg5/l) 3 Rxe6 Rxf4++ White resigns (oo 4 KgJ comes 4 . .. fxdi S Rxf4 g5; no better for White was J BeJ Rd2+ ).

62. Troianescu- Pog4ts, Bucltarest , 19St. 1. .. Rxg2+!!2 Khl (on2 Kxg2 there follows2 ... c:J+) 2 ... e313 QxeJ Rxfl+ White resigns.

63. Olekhover- Lutikov, Leningrad , 1951. I ,,. Rxb2+! 2 Kxb2 Qh6+ 3 Kgl Bxd4+ White resigns.

64. Schmid, L.- Rossolimo, Heidelberg, 1949. 1 ... Rxg2+ 11 2 Kxg2 Rxf2+13 Bxf2 e3+1 White resigns.

TNt 9 Positions 65-72

The theme in this and tbe two following tests is 'The pin', one of the most commonly occurring. Time for this test-40 minutes.

.. ..,

Tut9 11

.. w

1t I

20 The pin

Solution. to THt 9

65. Romaois.bin-Poutiainen, Yerevan, 1976. 1 Qg6! Rnigns (J ... fxg6 aJJov..s2 Nf6 mate, while 1 . .. Bxd5 2 Bx dS Qe71oscs to J Rxfl Rxf7 4 R/1).

66. Euwe-NesOer, Dubrovnik, 1950. l RgSt! Resigns (I ... [Xg5 is met by 2 Qh8+ Rg8 3 Rfl + ).

67. Padevsk.y-Hildtbnndt, Oevle , 1956. 1 Qxb6+!t Resiwts (1 ... Kxlt6 2 Rlt3+ Nh5 3 g5+ Kh l 4 R x hS+ Kg8 5 R x h8 mate).

68. Un:zicker-sanch~. Stockholm, 1952. 1 Rt8!! Resigns (if I ... Qxc8. ·them 2 Ne7+ ).

69. Bruodtrup-Budricll, Berlin, 1954. J 8cS Bb6 2 Of4+ I Resigns.

70. Ev~Bisguier. Philadelphia, 1957. 1 Oa3+ Qe7 (on 1 ... Kg8 there foUows2 B x hl+) 2 Bc61! Resigns.

71. Trifunovio-Golombek, Amsterdam, 1954. 1 g4! gS (l . .. Qb4 doe not help in viewof2 Re4 followed by J g.S) 2M, and White wins. (There followed 2 .. . Kg6 J Be4+ Nxe4 4 k5 + Kh l 5 R xj7+ aJld 6 Qg7 mate.)

72. Bak.hir-Nikitin. Moscow, 1956. 1 . .. B X d4+! 2 ex d4 Rx f3, and Black wins (J NgJ is answered by 3 ... R Xfl' + ).


The same theme. but a slightly more difficult test, for which 50 minutes are allowed.

7J .8

Tett 10

22 The pin

SolutloM to T.-t 10

73. Hanse~Moller, Oslo, 1962. I ..• RxJ2 2 RxgZ 1'21! White rcsjgm. 2 Rdl would not have saved the pme, on ICCOWII of 2 •.. f2. while after 2 Rd4 Rxc2 Blldt wins.

1•. Baitam~ik , Moscow, 1963. I ... Rc2!! 2 Bxc2 (on 2 QtJ there follows 2 ... Nu+ 3 Kf1 Ng4+) 2 ... Ne2 mate.

7S. Keret--Siiwa, GOteborc, 19SS. I Qb3 Rad8 2 NxfS! R xfS 3 Rxe4!1, and White won. There foUowed 3 ... ~ 4 Qx~ dxo4 S g4 R13 6 Be3.

76. Goldschmidt-Bobm, London, 1973. I •.• NxgS! 2 fXgS Rxe3! While reslans (on 3 Qxe3 there follows 3 . .. Bd4).

n. Durac>-Catozzi, Dublin, 19S7. I RfHI! Kh5 2 Rb4+ 11 &Xb4 3 1• mate.

78. Kasparov-Browne, Banja Luka, 1979. I Bh7+! Kxh7 2 Qxe6 Resigm.

79. Radulov-Zoderborg, Helsil1ki , 1961. I Rxf7!! Kxg7 2 Qg4+ Kb8 3 QhS Resigm.

80. Lasker, &1.- AvaUa, New York, 1947. I QaH Qc6 2 Rd8+!1 Kxd8 3 Qxc6 ResiJns.

Tnt 11 Positions 81-11

Continuation of the theme 'The Pin and its exploitation'. The difficulty of this tell ~ appcoximately the same as that of the previous one. Takin& ICICOUOI of tbc fact that you a rei already familiar with similar examples, the time for the solvinl of this test is ..0 minutes

Test 11 23

16W

, 8

U Diversion

Solution• to Tnt 11

81. Damelson-Btomberg, Sweden, 1967. 1 . .. Rfe8! 2 Qfl Qx f2+1! 3 Qx£2 Rel mate.

82. Sak.harov- Rovner. Lvov, 1951. 1 Rxg6!! hx g62 Bx e5Kf8 (on2 .. . Rc8thercfoUowsJQx g6.')3 8 Xb8,and White won. On 3 ... Rxb8 there comes 4 Qd3.

83. Holtz- Pangaben, Leipzig, 1960. 1 Rxd7!~ Qx d7 2 Nf6+ gx f6 3 Qxh6 Resigns.

84. Kraidman- Bemstein, Tel-Aviv, 1967. 1 Rf3r! x dl2 R x f7 Qx f7(on1 . .. Qd8tbere foUowsJ RJB mate)3Qd7! Resigns.

85. Hamann-Ornstein, Malmo, 1974. 1 . .. N x c2! 2 Rxc2 RfeS 3 Bd4 f6! White resigns.

86. Tatanntsev-Zemtsov, Kazan, 1966. 1 Qf3!1 8 Xb3 (J . .. 8 Xf3 2 R Xf7 mate) 2 RXC7+H 8 x f7 3 Ne6+ Resigns.

87. Qwnones-Paoli, Skopje. 1972. 1 . .. RO!! 2 Nc4 Rg3!! 3 Qd2 Rxg2+ White resians.

88. Picbler- Etingen, Montreal , 1967. I R x c5+ Kb8 2 OeS+ Qd6 3 Rdll! Resigns.

Teet 12 Positions 89-98

A new 1 hcmc-"Di"Version •, one of the most common in practical .Play. In this test there are eight relatively simple examples. lime for solution 40 minutes.

90 ....

T"t 12 21

~: w 92 w

,, 8

9& I

21 Diversion

Solutions to Tnt 12

89. Shtemberg-Gulnin, USSR, 1968. I Rx fSI gxfS 2 QxhS+! RxhS 3 Bf7 mate.

90. Fi.scher-Bcnk6, New York, 1965. I Qe8+!! Resigns (on 1 ... Rxe8 comes 2 Bd5+, and wins).

91. Botvinnik- Keres, Moscow, 1966. 1 Rb8!1 Resigns(/ .. . Qxb8 is answered by 2 Qxh4, with inevitable mate).

92. Reshevsky-Larsen, Palma de Mallorca, 1971. 1 NgS!! Resigns.

93. Chekhover-5okolsky, Leningrad, 1947. 1 .•. Ba6!! White re5igns (2 bS is met by 2 ... B xbSf).

94. Muchnik-Voronkov, Moscow, 1948. I Qa4+!! Rxa4 2 c8=0 mate.

95. MobiurHcnnings. Dresden, 1973. I ... Ra8!! White resigns (on 2 Qxa8 comes 2 . .. Bb5 mate).

96. Spanier- Lorenz, Hannover, 1965. I ... QaS!! White resigns (2 QxaS Nb3 mate, 2 Qd/ Nb3+ 3 QxbJ Qd2 mate, or 2 Bdl Ne2+ 3 8Xt2 Qd2 mate).


The same theme, and a similar degree of difficulty. Therefore the solving time is reduced ~ 35 minutes.

, ...

T~st 13 27

1!0 .8

101 ... IO:Z I

LOI W

za Divert/on

SolutioN to Tm 13

1}7. Tan-Pirc, Beverwijlt, 1963. I Ral!! Resig~s (/ ... Qxal 2 Qc4+ ).

98. Ustinov-Stein. MOSQOW, 196S. I ... Rd71! White resip (2 Qxd7 is met by 2 .. . Ng3+ 3 hxg3 Qh5 mate).

99. Hon-Byme, R., Varna, 1962. I Nxc6!1 Nxd3+ 2 Kd2 Resigns (there is no defence against 3 NdS).

100. Momo-Byme, R., Varna, 1962. I .. . Rc2!1 White resip (on 2 Qxc2 comes 2 ... NfH 3 Kh4 Qg4 mate}.

101. Pavlovio-Maric. Yugoslavia, 11}72. I &411 Resigns (1 . .. Qxc4 is met by 2 Qxla6+! Kxh6 3 Rh3 mate).

102. Huh- Rozenblatt, Stoc:ltholm, tm. 1 . .. Qd2+! White resi&ns.

103. Ludolf-Kots, Leningrad, 1962. I Rd8+!! Resigns (1 .. . R xd8 2 Qc3+, or 1 ... Qxd8 2 Qt5+).

104. Jamiesoo-Guogaabasar, Nice, 11}74. I Ra8+11 Resigos(ifl ... Bxo8tben2 &6+,or 1 .. . Ncb82 R xb8+1 Nxb83 Rc7 mate).

Tnt 14 Positions 105- 112

The same theme. The diffic:ulty has increased, but only slightly. Time for solution of this test is 30 minutes.

... ...

Test 14

1117 B 101 8

109 w no 8

Ill .... lll w

30 Diversion

SolutioM to TeR 14

lOS. Bar~imagin, Moscow, 1949. l ... Na3+! White resigns (2 Nxa3 Ka).

106. Stein- Smyslov. Moscow, 1972. 1 Rh8!!, and White woo. After 1 . . . Rg6 2 fx g6 R x b8 3 Bc6 8 lack came out a piece down. and resigned.

100. Stoltz- Kotov, Stockholm, 1952. 1 . •. Qf311 Whiter~ (2 B x f3 is answered by 2 . .. Rgl mate, while after 2 Qxb7+ Kh8 there is no perpetual cbect).

108. Kozma-Aister, Prague, 1952. 1 ... Bd411 White resigns.

109. Najdorf-Porat , Amsterdam, 1954. 1 Ne7 t! Resi,gns. The only defence against mate by 2 Og8 is l . .. B x e7, but ·then comes 2 Qh8 mate.

110. Pantzkt>--Pakula, Rostock. 1955. 1. .. Qc2!! White resigns. 2Qx c2 falls to2 ... Bf4 mate, and there is no satisfaetot)' defence.

111 . Gunz.ei-Schwalbe, Berlin, 1966. 1 h6 Rg8 2 Rc8!! Resi,gns (2 . . . Rx g5 2 Rx d8+ Rg8 3 Rx d1).

112. Erbis-Kempf. Stuttgart, 1954. 1 Bc6!1 Re5igns (1 ... Qxc6 2 Qe7 mate, or I . .. B x c6 2 Rd8+ ).

Teat 15 Positions 113-120

Continuation of the theme of 'Diversion'. Time for thought-35 minutes.

I U 'A' 114 •

Test 15 31

IIJ 8 116 'II

111 W 118 w

lit ... no w

32 Diven ion

Solution• to Tm 15

113. Gaidaro\'-Buglak, USSR , 1976. l eS Qf7 2 R x b7 + Kg8 3 Rh8+ I Resigns.

114. Lucinovic-Simanski, Poznan, 1953. 1 ... Q xe5+ ll 2 Q xe5 h41 3 g4 Rf2 mate.

115. Stokloza-C%inceJ, Krakow, 1965. 1 ... Rei!! 2 Nxellk3+! While resigns.

116. Golombet- Rossolimo, Venice, 1950. 1 Ng61 I Resigns. The threat is 2 Rh8 mate, and on the only defence 2 . . . B x g6 the:e follows 3 Bc4+.

117. Stahlberg-Beeker, Buenos Aires, 1944. 1 Qel + !! R x el 2 g3 mate.

118. Polyak-Khotmov, Riga, 1954 (variation). 1 Qd2!! Qc5 (or 1 ... Q >< d2 2 R~7mate) 2 Q x d5+ , and Whjte wms. since 2 . .. Q x d5 is again a.nswered by 3 Re7 mare. In the game While faded to spot this possibility, and the game ended in 1 draw.

119. K.rotikhin-Chaplinsky~ Moscow, 1950. 1 Nh51! gx hS 2 Rgll Resigns. Against the two threats of Qg7 mate and Rg8 mate there is no defenc:e.

120. Pancbenko-Garcia, Las Palrnas, 1978. 1 Qb5! Rb8 (if 1 ... RJ8, then 2 Buf) 2 Q x b71 Resigns.

Test 11 Positiont 121-128 The final teSt on the theme 'Diversion'. The time allowed for this lest is 35 minutes.

Ul 'N JU w

Tut16

w.

m •

L~7 II 125 w

34 Decoy

Solution. to Tnt 16

121. Georgadu-Kupreichik, Kiev, 1973. 1 Ra8+ Kd7 2 Rd8+!! Resign'S.

122. Shablinslcy- Ushka1 Corr .• 1974. 1 RaJ+n bxa3 2 b3 mate.

123. EvanrGrefe, USA. 1973. 1 .. . Nh3t! 2 Qe2 Qd2!1 White resigt\$.

124. Lukacs-Biacbtock. Budapest. tfJ17. 1 Re2! Oh6 2 Re6! g6 3 OeS (threatening 4 Re7; if J . . . R/S 4 Q x fS . or 3 . . . Nc4 4 Qxd5) 3 ... Nd7 4 Q xdS Resigns.

125. Kurtesch-Aesdl . Bud.pest, 1966. 1 ... Rdl+!! 2 R x dl (on 2 Kj2 there foUows 2 ... Ng4+ ) 2 . .. Nc2+ 3 Kf2 Qc3 mate.

126. Wallis-Horseman, Nottingham, 1954. 1 Qb41 1 Qat+ (if 1 ... Qx b4 then 2 N/6 mate) 2 Bdll! Resigns .

127. Man-Papp, Budapest, 1956. 1 ... R x d6!! 2 R xd6 Rf3+!1 3 gx O Bn mate.

128. Ad.orjan-Fuller, London, 1975. 1 Q xd6! Qxd6 2 8c4+ Rf7 3 Bxf7+ Kf8 4 BcS hxg6 5 Bc4! Res.igns.


A new theme. which occurs in practice almost as frequently as the previous one . The theme goes by the name of 'Decoy' . The positions are relatively simple. Time for $0lution of the whole tesl-40 minut·es.

U9 8 IJO W

Ttnt 17

m w

IJ} .,.,

136 w

• Decoy

SolutloM to rm 11

129. Zeek-Unk, flensburg. 1959. 1 ... Rdl+!! White resigns (2 QxdJ (JJ2 mate, or 2 KxdJ QxfJ mate).

130. SziiAgy.,..van Steenis, Budapest, 1949. 1 Bd4H 0 X b4 2 N x e6+ I Resips.

131. KataJymov-ltivitsky, Frunu, 19S9. 1 Bf7+! Resigns (J ..• Kxp 2 t6+ , or I ... K/8 2 B><g6).

132. Zaverbny-Gumlius, Brussels. l9S3. 1 Nn!! K xn 2 d xe6+. and White won the exchange and tM game.

133. Blall-Donner, W~geningen, 19S8. 1 R x d6!1 Q ><d6 2 f><e5 Resip (2 ... Qxd" 3 8{4().

134. Estrada-Giigoric, Varna, 1962.. 1 . .. Rxd6! 2 Qxd6 Rd8! White raips.

135. Averbakh-'Peruose. London, 19s-4. 1 R ><d4!1 f4 (or 1 ... e><d4 2 8 Xd4 Q xd4 3 Nxfj+!) 2 R xf4! Rcstgns.

136. Wahher- Bbend, Zurich, 1%4. 1 Rd8+ H K Xd8 (I . .. Bxd8 2 Nd6 mate, or 1 .. . Nxd8 2 Q x e7 mate) 2 B x e7+ Resigns.

Tnt 18 Positions 137-1.W

Compared with the previous te&t , this is somewhat more di.fficuJt . r~ for thought 45 minutes.

131 II

Te.t 18

U9 W

141 w

a4.3 1 144 8

31

SolutloM ·to Test 1B

137. Madler-Uhlmann, Aschenleben, 1963. 1 ... Rel+! 2 Kh2 (or2 Nfl R Xfl+ 3 K xfl Qdl mate) 2 ... Rhl+!! White resi&m (be is mated after 3 K><hl QhJ+ 4 Kgl Qxg2 mate).

138. Milyutin-Lazarev, Kiev, 1968. 1 ... BM+!! 2 Kf4(or2 K Xh4NXf3+ 3 KgJ NXh24 BXh2f4+.')2 ... No41! White resigns (tbeTe i$ no defence against J ... d mate).

139. Essegern-Kummer, Halle, 1969. 1 Ne6ll Rf6 (if 1 .. • B x t6, then 2 Qxg6+ Rg7 3 Qt8 mate) 2 Rb8+ !! Ra(Jns (if 2 ... Kx h8. then J Qh6+, or 2 .. . Kf7 3 R/8+ K x t6 4 Qd5 mate).

140. Lis:itsyn-Smyslo", Moscow, 1944. 1 ... Rx o41! 2 Q Xo4 Ne3fl, and Black wins. On 3 fxe3lhere foOows 3 .. . Bxe3+ 4 Kfl Qf3+ S Kc 1 Qf2 mate.

J.41 . Muffang-Defos, Corr., 1948. 1 Rc711 Qxc7 2 RXd81 Re&igns.

142. van Stceni5-Handke, Detmold, 1953. 1 Qf7+! Kx h4 2 Qg61! Resips (2 . .. QtS+ iJ met by 3 g)- Qx&J+ 4 fXgJ mate) .

143. Naranja-Portiscb, Siegen, 1970. 1 ... bS!! 2 Bd3 (2 Bx bS is answered by 2 . . . RobS J wl -s} 2 ... Ob4+ Whlte resigns. On 3 Qx b4 comes 3 ... Nx d3+ and 4 . .. Nx b4. while if 3 K.fl OT 3 Kdl. then 3 ... Qxb3 4 axb3 NxdJ.

144. SUvcneo-Podgomy. Corr .• 1949. 1 ... QaS+!! 2 Kx aS Rxa2+ 3 Kb4 aS mate.

Test 19 Positions 141- 152 Similar to the previous test in complexity; time for solving 40 minutes. and for a coned solution score 40 points.

lU W t46 ..

Test 19

.. , w 141 w

149 .,.,

JSt W

40 Jnterfertmce

Solution• to Tut 11

145. Sokolsky- Kofman, Kiev, 1948. t Nrm K x n (or 1 . . . Rg8 2 Q><h7) 2 Rfl + Ke8 3 R x f8+ Resigns.

146. BiJek-Kui~n. &verwijk, 1966. 1 Rg7+ Kh8 2 Rh7+ Kg8 3 Rh8+ 11 Religns (J .. . K><M 4 g7+).

147. Uus..,.Etruk, Estonian Cb., 1976. 1 NeS! Qe8 2 Bh6+ I (in the pme the less strong 2 Qd7+ was played), and White wins: 2 . .. Kx h6 3 Ng4+. or 2 . .. Kh8 3 Q >< e8 Rxe8 4 N x ,g6+ .

148. Kimelfeld-Bokulin, Mosoow Ch •• 1976. 1 R x b7+ I Bx b7 2 Qb2 Kg8 3 Q Xh7+ Kl7 4 0Xg6+! Resips.

149. Maksimov-Oleinik, Corr., 1971. 1 Ra8+ ! Kf6(1 .. . Kxg82 Bh6/S3 Rc8+ KP4Rf8mate) 2Bd4+ e5 3Rc6+ Ke74 Bc5+ Kd7 5 R.a6! followed by 6 Ra7 mate.

150. I. Zaits.ev-Boncll-Osmolovsky, Moscow, 1'969. 1 B Xe6+ B >< e6 2 R x eti! K X·e6 3 Qxb611 Resips (if 3 . . . R>< h6, then 4 Ng5 mate , while on 3 . .. Qxo there follows 4 Ng5+ K/6 5 Rd6 mate) .

1Sl . Wim-Videla , Mendoza. 19SS. 1 B><c7+! R xc7 2 QeS+!I KXe8 3 Rb8+ Re:s.ip.

152. Pavlo\'-Sto lyar , Varna, 1970. 1 RxgSf KxgS 2 Qd2! Qxb3 (desperation. but otheJ moves. similady fail to save Black) 3 Nt:S + Resigns.


A new theme, ' Interference'. The time allotted for this test is 45 m•nutes.

Tut20 41

us .... ,,. w

lS7 .,.. ua 1

t S9 8 160 w

42 lnterleren~

SolrltkJn• to Tm 20

153. Kaminsky-Osnos, Leningrad, 1968. 1 . . . Bd3!! White resigns.

154. ZiJbersht.ain-Dementiev, Grozny, 1968. 1 NeB!! Resigns.

1S5. Najdorf-Matanovic, Mar del Plata , 1961. 1 Nn+!l Resigns.

156. Simisclr-Ahues, Hamburg, 1946. 1 Re51! Resigns. The immediate 1 f6 does not work: on aooount of 1 . . . Qc5 +. wilh the exchanle of queens ..

lS1. Kupreicbik-TseshkoV$ky, 44th USSR Ch., 1976. 1 Nc8+ 1 Resigns (1 . .. Nc5 2 Qxc5+! Qxc.S 3 Rd8 mate).

158. Lilienthal-Ragmin, Moscow, 1946. 1 .. . Rg411 White re$igns (2 8 Xg4 Qxfl mate , OT 2 Qxg4 fxg4, and wins).

159. Ta\'eroier-Grodner, Cbarlevillc, 19S2. 1 . . . M+f 2 Kg4 f5+ I 3 R ><f5 Rg.2 mate.

160. Reshcvsky-Persit:z, Haifa, 1958. 1 Nf5 H Resigns. On 1 • . . g x f5 tbere follows 2 Rh31, while after l . .. B X f5 2 eX fS there is no defence against Rh3.

Teat 21 Positions 161-168

We repe.at the theme of 'lnterfere.n~', but the test is significantly more difficult. Time tO

complete it 60 minutes.

161 w 162 8

TttS't 21

16) w

ltsS 'W L66W

"'' . 161 8

.... OefencfHiimin• tion

SolcitloM to THf 21

161. Spassky-Korchooi. Moscow, 1955. 1 Qh2!1 Resigns.

162. Zbu.ravtev- 8orisen.kov, Moscow, 1949. 1 ... d3! White re&ip . On 2 8 x d3 there come1 2 . .. f31 3 Re3 (or 3 Q x~7 QltJ + 4 Kgl Qltl mate) 3 ... Qhl+4 R&l O X&l + S KX&l Rdl8+ 6 Kfl Rh l mate.

163. Stancbev- Bank.ov, Sofia 1948. 1 Rc6H Resigns (on 1 ... bxc6 there follows 2 Nxf6 mate).

164. Shashio-Oik, Kharkov. 1967. 18h3!! Bx bJ 2 f5!, and White wins. In the gametberefoUowcd t . .. f5 2 BxeS, and White won.

165. Ur5eaDu-Ansta.siadi, Bucharest, 1960. 1 BdS!! Rx dS 2 R. xf7! Resigns.

166. R.agorin-Bronstein. Mosc:low, 194S. 1 Nf4!! R x f4 (or 1 . .. B Xf42 Rt7+Km3 Rt6+ Kc5 4 Rd.5+) 2 R x d6 Qf7 3 Qb6+ Resigns.

167. Sulim-loffe, USSR, 1976. 1 . . . QfS! 2Qe2 Ne3, and wins: 3 ·fx e3 (or 3 8 Xt3) 3 .. . Qbl + and 4 ... dl=O, or 3 Q ~ Qg4 +. In the game Black misMd tb:b possibility.

168. Fuchs-Korchnoi, Yerevan, 1965. 1 . .. Bd31! 2 Bxd3 (if 2 R6xd3 or 2 R2Xd3, tben 2 ... Rtl'+l) 2 . . . 0 Xd6 3 BO Qc5 White resigns.

Test 22 Po•itiont 119-111 We make the acqu.aintanoe of a ne"W tbeme--'Defence-ethnination'. Solving time 4.5 minutes, and witb the proviso that everythiq is solved, add 40 points to your score.

169 a \10 ...

Tnt 22

11'1 w 172 w

17) ..

4e Oefence-.elimlnation

Solution• to TNt 22

169. Moush-Peer, Zurich, 1960. 1 ... Qxf4H 2 ex f4 RhS While re$ign .

170. Lipnitsky-sokolsky, Odessa, 1949. 1 Nd8! Qe7 (if 1 . .. R xd8, then 2 Rc7, while on 1 . .. Qd.5 tbere foUows2 Rfd1!) 2 Qe4!, and White won.

111. Shtirbert-Sabinin, Novosibirsk, 1971. 1 RlfS+ p 2 R xgS+ I! Resips.

172. DonneJ'- Ounkelblum, Be"·erwijk, 1964. 1 Nd5+1l Resigns. If 1 ... e x dS, then 2 Bxf6++, or 1 ... Nxd5 2 Qh7+!

173. Kottnauer-E. Richter, Bratislava, 1948. 1 Q xe711 Q xe7 2 NxeS ResiJil.S.

174. Echeveri-Raisa, Varna , 1962. 1 R xeS!t dxeS 2 Qf6! Resigns.

175. Wade-Boxall , England, 1953. 1 B x t7! R x f7 (or 1 . .. Qxd4 2 Ng6 mate) 2 N~+ Res1gns.

176. Tal-Suetio, Tbili i, 1969. 1 Qxe5!1 dxe5 2ex f7+ Resigns.lf2 ... Kf8. then 3 Bb6+. wbile 2 ... Kd8or 2 ... Kd7 is answered by 3 Bf5+ .

Tnt 23 Position• 1n-1M

We continue working on the previous theme, but the test is more diffirult. Therefore the time for solutjon is SO minutes.

rn a ll'l 8

Te1t 23 47 119 .., ,., w

181 w liD II

Ill W

Solution• to Tea 23

tn. Oberle-Pfister, Wilrzburg. 1958. 1 ... Q XO!r 2 gx f3 Rel+ 3 J\g2 Rgl mate.

178. Estrin-Boleslavsk)' . Sverdlovsk. 1946. 1 ... Qxf3+!! 2 BxO Rx h4+ 3 Kg2 Bh3+ White retigns.

179. Slobodnikov-Buzbdiizban, Moscow, 1966. 1 R Xf611 K Xf6 2 00+1 Kx g5 3 Of4+ Resigns . On 2 . .. Kg7 there would have followed 3 Qn+ Kh6 4 Qh7+ K xgS 5 Qh4+ Kf.S 6 Qf4 mate.

180. Tal-Timman. Skopje. 1972. 1 R XeSI! fx e5 2 NgS Bf6 3 Nxe6 Resigns.

181. Sk\lya-Rozenberg. Riga. 1962. 1 Qxf8+!! R x f8 2 Rxb7+H Kxb7 3 Rhl+ Resigns.

182. Fiordeli- Metchior, Argentina, 1954. 1 ... e3!! 2 Q x £.5 Q xc4+U 3 bxe4 e2+ 4 Rxe2 Rdl+ White resigns.

18"3. Veresov- Demeotey, Minsk, 1966. 1 Bg6rt Ne2+ 2 Qx e2 Qe5 3 BXf1+1 Resips (3 . . . Kx f74 R x d7+ ).

184. Friedrich-Bantleon. Hannover. 1967. 1 Nd7+1 Bxd7 2 Qxc8+! Bxc8 3. Re8 mate.

TMt 2A Positions 185-192 A new theme-'Square·vacatton'. The test is set for SO minutes.

THt24

lll • 111 8

lflO '

t91 w

50 Line-o/)4ning

SolutiOM to Tat 24

185. TaJ-Parma, Bled, 1961. 1 Q x f.S! Resigns (1 ... Rxf5 and 1 ... gxf5 are both answered by 2 Nt6+ ).

186. Heemsoth-Heisenbutter, West Germany, 1958. 1 Rc:S!! Resigns. Against the threats of2 RXh7+ and3 Qg7 mate, and 2Rxo4, there is no defence.

187. Prolchorovich-Ravinsky, Moscow, 1958. 1 ... b3!1 White resigns (on 2 axbJ there follows 2 . . . Nb4l) .

188. Ravinsky- Simagin, Moscow, 1947. 1 ... Ng4+ !1 White resiJDS (any capture on g4 is answered by 2 ... Bd+f).

189. Georga<be-Kuindzhi, 1\ri.lisi, 1973. 1 ... 0f2+!12Qx f2 RM+ !! White resigns (onJ Bxh.Sthere foUowsJ ... g.Smate).

190. Rutgeo-Pett, Corr., 1956. 1 ... e4f! 2 Nx e4 BeS White resians. Apinst 3 ... Qh4 there is no defence.

191. Smyslov-5zab6, Hastings, 1954/5. 1 o6! e x f4 + 2 Kx f4 Resigns. On 2 . .. bx c6oomes 3 Nc:S+ . while if the bishop moves there.. follows 3 c7.

192. Hallen- Sauer, Switzerland, 19.59. 1 Q x gS+ !! x g5 2 Nf5+ Kg6 3 hS mate.


We make rhe acquaintance of a very common devke bearing lhe name of 'Lme-openini' · This theme occurs ver)' often ln practical games. The test is fairly easy-time 4.5 minutes.

t 9) a 1,. I

Test 25 ·51

ItS I

197 8 .,, 8

52 Line--opening

Solutio,. to Tm 25

193. Unzicker- Fischer, Varna., 1962. 1 ... Rxc3!! White resigns.

194. Dely-Kerk.hoff, Sombor. 1966. 1 ... Bc5H White resiens (on 2 Bxd comes 2 ... Ralt8!).

195. Vtr13yi-Lcngyel, Budapnt, 1963. 1 ... Re4!! White resigns (2 Qxe4 Qlt7 m~te).

196. Khodko-Nosov, Lipetsk, 19S6. 1 Nf5+r! Bx fS 2 Qc3! Resigns (2 ..• Ke6 J Qxc6+ ).

197. Malich-LJubojcvic. Amsterdam, 1m. 1 .. . Q x h3+ I! White resigns. On 2 JX h3 tbue follows 2 .. . Rh2+ 3 Kgl Ne2 mate.

198. Szab6-lvkov, Bath, 1973. 1 . .. Nf3+ !I White resigns (2 JX/3 Rr5+ 3 Kill Q Xfl mate).

199. Butnoryu9-Gutman, Risa, 1974. 1 Oh8+ !I Resigns (1 ... Kxlt8 is met by 2 B/6+ and 3 Rx~8 mate).

200. Tsvetkov-Pacbman. Hilvemnn. 1947. 1 Nf6+11 Kh8 2 Q xe5! ResigM (on 2 .. . dxd there follows 3 Rd8+ 8/8 4 R xf8+ Kg7 5 Rg8 mate).

Test 2& Positions 201-208

The same theme as in the previous test . but more difficult. Time for the solution of lttis te$t is 50 minutes.

201 w JmW

20J 8 »18

201W

54 Open files

SolutloM to Tm tf 201. Hort-Larsen, Lugaoo, 1968.

1 Rxc61 Rxc6 2 BxdS Re~s (if 2 .. . Rc7, then J Qe6l). 202. Oheorghi~Muhring. Halle , 1966.

1 Ne61! Rc6 (on 1 . . . f x e6 there follows 2 Qxg6+ Qg7 3 Qx f'6 +. while if 1 ... Qh6. then 2 RhS.') 2 RhSI Resigns (if 2 . •. gx h5, then 3 QgS+ .and 4 N xfB).

200. Adashev-Guldin. Moscow, 1959. 1 . . . Bxb3!! 2 Qxb3 Oh6! White re1igns.

204. Krasno\'-Averldn, Novosibirsk, 1969. 1 . . . Bg2 + 2 Kg 1 Qh41! White resign~. If 3 g x h4, then 3 . . . Nh3 mate, while on 3 gxf4 comes 3 ... 80+ 4 Kll Qh3 mate. ln addition, Black thre.acens 3 . . . Q Xh2+ 4 K Xh2 Rh6+ 5 Kgl Rbl mate.

205. Bobol50v-Kolarov. Varna, 1971. 1 Rxg6+H fx g6 2 Bh6+!r Resign1.

206. OomuHs-Shtaerman, Daugavpits. 1972. 1 Nc6+ ! bx c6 2 Rbl + Ka7 3 Qf2+ Resigns.

2iJ7. Tolusb-Ravinsky, leningrad, 1950. 1 Nc6!! Q x e2+ 2 Kx e2 bx c6 3 Qe51 Resigns.

208. Benk~lnei, Budapest. 1949. 1 R x d3! cx d3 2 Ne6+ ! fx e6 3 Rc7+ Resigns.

T•t 27 Poeltiona 209-218 Theme: "Utilization or Open File$'. Oosely linlted to the previous tbeme, and virtually a continuation of it. Time for solution of these positions-50 minutes.

210 w

Tttst 27

ll2B

lll w 2l4 'A'

21$ 'W 216 'W

se Open filu

Solution• to Ten Z1

209. Virtanen- Bjorkqvi-st , COlt'., 1974. 1 Rg8+ !! RC$ign.s(onl ... Qx g8tberefollows2Qg7+.'!Qxg73fxg7+ Kg84Ne7 mate).

210. Sz.ab<>-Bakooyi. Debrecen, 1951. 1 Qf6!! Resigns.

211. Darga-Duckst.cin. Lu.oeme. 1963. 1 Qg6!1 Resigns. After 1 ... Rxd.Sihere follows2 Rbl Kg8 3 R x h7 Rf7 4 R xg7+1 R x g7 5 Oe8+ Kh7 6 Rbl mate.

212. Polugayev~ky-Smyslov, Moscow, 1960. 1 . .. Ret! 2 KgZ (forced, sinoe 2 . .. Rh6+ J Kg2 RMJ was threatened) 2 ... Re3H White resigns. The threat is 3 ... R><83+ 4 f><g3 Qfl + , andoo 3Qdltherc follows3 ... Rx g3+ 4 fxg3 QeA+ S KJl RO.

213. Ritov-MaJevinsX)r, Leningrad, 1969. 1 Bg5 Qc8 2 Bf6!l Resjgns.

214. Rig6-~pi , Hungary, 1967. 1 Q xg7+ I'! Kxg7 2 Rb8! Resigns (against 3 Rllt7 mate lhere is no defenoe).

215. KorpAs-Bokor , MiskoJc, 1972. 1 Qxg8+!! Kx g8 2 Rg2+ Resigns (2 . .. Kh8 3 Rd8+ B/8 4 Rxf8+1 R xf8 5 p mate) .

216. Dickson-Perkins, Edinburgh, 19.58. 1 Rh8+! Bx h8 (if I . .. Nx h8, then 2 Q111+ K/8 3 Qxh8+ Bx h8 4 R x h8 mate) 2 Qx g6+ Resigns.

Test 28 Potitlonl 217- 224

The same theme as in the previous tt$l, but considerably more difficult. Trme for solution 60 minutes.

2.11 w ZL! a

Te.t28 57

l tt w nell

Ut W mw

18 Diagonsl-opening

Solution• to T.., 2B

217. TseitJin- Lemert Leningradt 1974. 1 Qb4! Ra7 (orl .. . Qa72 Rxa4Qxa4JQx~7)2 RcHQb7(2 ... Nc53Rxc5!; or 2· • .. b5 3 Q><b5.') 3 Q x e7!! Resigns.

218. Bankov-Lusmyagi, Parnu, 1974. 1 . .. Rf2 2 Qhl R xfl+!l 3 Kx fl QdJ+ White resigns.

219. Hon- Popov, Varna. 1969. 1 RaflH Rxe4 (J ... B~7 is similarly inadequate. in view of 2 B ><g7 Kxg7 3 Nlt.5+ gxhJ 4 Rf?+ and5 Qh6!, whjJe other continuations are answered in lhe same way) 2 8 Xg71 K ><g7 3 Nh5+!l Resigns (onJ . .. gx h5 therefoUows4 Rf7+ Kh85 Qh6Qg8 6 R x h7+! Q x h7 7 Rf8 mate).

220. Gassanov-Arakelov, Baku. 1960. 1 . . . Bx b6 2 Q x b6 Ral + !! 3 Kxat Qc2! White resigns (against 4 . •• Ra8 there is no defence).

221. ManenrMilotsky, Stuttgart , 1961. 1 Rehle5 (on 1 . , . RXd4tberefollows2 Qxg7+)2 Qh8+! Kt7 3 Q x g7+! Resigns.

222. lvanko-Ooleull , Prague, 1955. 1 Bg7+[! R xg? 2 Rxg7 Qx g7 (if 2 • . . K><g7. then J Q>< h7+ and 4 Qx d7) 3 Q x e8+ Resig_ns. 2 . .. Ret+ would not have belped-3 Rgl!, when Wbite comes out the ·exchange ahead.

223. Neybut- KiriUov, Rig_a, 1956. 1 Rh8+!! B Xh8 2 R'x h8+ K >< b8 3 Bf6+ K.h7 4 Qg5H, and White wins. On 4 ... Bxg4 there: foUows S f><g4 d3+ 6 Bxd3 ReS 7 Qh4+ Rh5 8 gxh5 g5 9 Qx gS R.g8 to OfS+.

2:24. KobT- Bogac, Cze.c:hoslovalda, 1958. 1 Bb5! Rg72Be3 QaS (tbc samemove foUows aher 2 . .. QbS) 3 Qa4!! Qx a4 (J . .. Q.d fails to save the game after 4 Qb4+ c5 5 Bxd+) 4 BcS mate.

Test 29 Potitions 225- 232

We meet the theme •o iagonaJ-opening'. The test is relatively simple. Time-40 minutes.

me

Test29

m w

lll I

10

~toT..t29

225. Gutop-Rosbal, Moscow, 1963. 1 ... Qxd511 White reqns (after 2 Bx d5 B xd5,. mate is inevitable).

226. Alfeis-Torman, Hamburg, 1949. 1 Bd6!! Resigns .

2Z7. Sok.olsky-Saigin1 Kiev1 1950. 1 RO!! gxf3 2 Bxh6 R~p .

228. Lorente-Alba. Cutilia, 1959. 1 •.. Nxd3! White resigns. H2 QxaS, then 2 . .. R xb2+ 3 Kat e414 R x d3 Rb4+ , or 2 Q xd3 e41 !.

229. Pytel-Wismewsk:i, Poland, 1967. 1 Re8+ I! Resigns .

230. Kreanar-5ajger, Corr., 1948-9. 1 f61 ! Nxf6 (if 1. .. Bxj6, then 2 Qd3) 2 Rxf6! Resigns (since2 .. Bx.f6 fails to 3 QdJl).

231 . Caberei-Eliskases, Mar del Plata, 1949. 1 . , . h3+ r 2 Kgl RJ7! White resips (on 3 R xj7 there follows 3 . .. Qdl mate).

232. Wade>-Kuijpen.. England, l9'n . 1 R xh6+!! Bxh6 2 Qxe5+ Res.ianl (2 ... Bg7 3 Qh2+. and maces).

Tett 30 Positions 233-240

Continuation of the previous theme. SliJhtly more complicated, but not a great deal so. Time for the test-40 minutes.

Tett30 11

Dl W

lJ9 w

62


233. Trifunovic-Ragozin, Moscow, 1947. 1 . . . R xe2!1 White resigns (2 Qxu Qc3+ ).

234. Rt$hevs'ky-Yanovslcy, Lugano. 1968. 1 Nf6+!! Bxf6 2 Qxg6+ Bg7 3 Qb7 mate.

235. Messing-Forinlos, Budapest, 1968. 1 . . . Rxf2!! 2 R x c4 Rfl+ White resigns (J R xc5 Rxfl mate).

236. Nilsen-Undholm. Stockholm, 1947. 1 Bo41! R xc4 2 Qg6+ Kg8 3 Qxg7 mate.

237. Lukovnikov-Sergeev, Voronezh, 1974. 1 Bg5!! bxgS 2 NxeS! ! Resigns. Black bas a cboioe between losing his queen and being mated.

238. Chepukaiti$-Osnos, Leningrad, 1970. 1 ... QxdS+ !! 2 cxdS Rhl+ White resigns (since 3 Ke2 Bb5 is mate).

239. Bramaier-Broi~tadt , Magdeburg, 1972. 1 NbS!! 8 Xb5 2 0Xe5rl Resigns.

240. Botvinnik-Keres. The Hague, 1948. 1 R xg7+ II Kxg7 2 NbS+ Kg6 (if l . .• Klt8. then 3 Bg511 or 1 . .. K/8 3' NXf6) 3 Qe3! Re$iJJ1$.

Tett 31 Position• 241-ZAI

The theme 'Ul.ilization of Open Diagonals' is an integral continuation of the previous theme. The examples are fAirly difficult. Time for the tr solution-55 minutes.

l-41 II 2-'Z I

13

2A) •

M Blocking

SolutJotu to Te.t 31

241. Mikenas-Gusev. Ashkhabad, 1957. 1 ... Q xe3+!! White resigns (2 Kxt3 Bb6 is mate) .

242. Andersson , U .-Han.ston, Hastings, 191213. 1 . .. Qh3+1! White ~gns.

243. Karkosyan-Osnos, Frunze, 1913. l ... Bf41 Whjte resigns. lf2 Nh2 (2 b7 Bfl mate), then 2 ... Bx h2!3 K Xb2 f2.4 b7 fl • Q S b8• Q Of2+ 6 Kb3 (6 Kltl Bf3 mate) 6 ... Bfl mate.

244. Tukmakov-Oufeld, OnepTopetrovsk, 1962. 1 .•. 8 Xd4+ 112 K.fl (2 R Xd4 Rtl+ 3 Kf2 Rfl+ , Or 2 Ne3 Qxd3, and wins) 2 ... Re3 !1 White resigns.

24S. Gaprindashvili-Servaty, Domnund~ 1974. 1 Qd411 Q xhl+ (on 1 .• . f6therewould have foUowed2 Bxf8) 2 Kd2Qx a13 Qf61! Rt$lgns.

246. Ferrer- Hartston, J .• Menorca , 1973. 1 d Xc6+ Kb8 (or 1 ... t6 2 Bx d6 and 3 Q/7+) 2 BeS+ Bg7 3 Of8.+! Resig.ns.

247. Stradalov-Olarushin. CoTT., 19SS. 1 Bh7+! Kh8 2 B x g7+!! Kxg7 3 Oe6+ Kb8 4 Bg8! RC$igns.

248. Lebmann-Pomar, Palma de MaRorca, 1966 (variation). 1 Rh8+ r Bd8 2 R X d8+ 1! Kx d8 3 Bb6+ Kc8 4 Qg8+ I and White wins . In the game White overlooked thas possibility, and played 1 Qe4 Rdl + 2 R Xdl Q >< d1+3 Ka2. He won, but only after a further ... SO moves.


In this le$l )lOU .meet a new theme: ·a looking' , i.e. the blocking of some square or other. The test ic; or moderate difficulty , and the time allotted is 45 minutes .

2JO 8

THt32 • J$1 8

:m 1

• X·r11y/ Overloading

Solution• to Ten 32 249. Springer-Ebcrsbacb, Berlin, 1958.

1 f7+!! R.xf72 Qb8 mate. 250. Fndman-Tcrnblom, Stockholm, 1973.

I ... Re311 White resigns. If immediately 1 ... Nh3, then 2 e3!. 251. Kopylov-Karlson, lrlcuaslc , 1961.

1 ... Rd3!! 2 x d3 Be6 mate. 252. Valund-Martens, Vesco, 1~8.

1 Bg7 !1 K x g7 2 f6+ rt B ><f6 3 Qh7 mate. 253. Satdy- Padevsky, Varna, 1 ~58.

I ... Qxe3+!! White resigns (on 2 Qxe3 comes2 ... Rdl+ andJ . .. Rfl mate) . 254. Kilander....Ceki, Corr. , 1966-7.

1 ... f6+!! White resigns. (2 Qxf6 RxeJ+ 3 Kh4 RlaS+ 4 KgJ Rlt3 mate.) 255 . Smy.sJov-Flotu, Moscow, 1949.

1 g"6+1l hx g6 (or 1 . . . KXg62 RgB+I Kfl3 Rbgl R xc6 4 Rlg1 ma~) 2 Rb7 mate. 2S6. Kwiletki- Ro.tlintki, Poznan, 1954.

I QeS+ Kf8 (1 ... Kg8 is bad on account of 2 Rt8+, while 1 . . . Kh6 is met by 2 Qf4+!) 2Qf6!!, and White wins, since2 ... Qxe7 and2 .. . R xe7 both fail to3 Qh8 mare.

Tnt 33 Poaitiont 257- 284

There are rwo themes in this test , namely 'X· ray', i.e. the penetrating action of pieces (Nos. 257-260). and 'Combinations involving the overloading of pieces' (Nos. 261-264). The test is se1 for SO minutes.

~1 B

Test33 67

239 8

MJ B

26' w

• Overlo.ding

SoiCJtlon1 to T ••t 33

257. Novotelnov- A \lerbakh, Moscow, 19S l . I ... Bxf2+!1 2 Q xt2 Qxdl+ ll White resigns.

258. Sliwa-Ooda. Lodz, 1967. I Qxb7+! R x h7 2 Rxh7 mate.

259. Diets-Miles , England, 1973. 1 . . . Rcl !! 2 Bxf3 (OT 1 R xcl Nxg3+.') 2 .. . Qgl+ l! Wbjte resigns.

260. ZburavJev-Romanov, Katinin, 1952. 1 Qg?+! B xg? 2 B x g?+ Kf8 3 Bf6 m.a1e·.

261 . Saidy-Mars.aJek, Reykjavik, 19S7. 1 ... R xd4!! White resigns.

262. Teschner- flad . Bertin, 1954. 1 Rd8tl Resigns.

263. Monteii-Serrano, Spain, 1962. I . .. Qh61! White resigns.

264. Beni--Schwarzbach, Vienna, 1969. 1 Qh3!! Resigns.

Tat 34 Positions 215-212 The theme 'Combmations based on the overlo•& of piece$' is oonlinueti. The test is not dif:ficull. and is calculated for SO minutes.

%6' I

161 w

%11 .,.,

h appears that White ~:an c.pt11rc on a1, but Is thlr. so?

tut34 •

270 "

70 Overlo•ding

Solution. to THf 34

265. Bannik- Zaitsev, A .• Minsk, 1962. 1 .. . Qxf2rl Resi&ns. After 2 Bxf2 R xb2+ 3 Kal RbS+ Black wins.

266. Aitken-Paine, E ngland, 1962. 1 Qh6 Qxf6 2 RdB+ I Resigns (2 •.. B x d8 3 Qf8 mate).

U,7. T~N. N., lbillsi, 1965. (From a simultaneous display.) 1 Rd7!! Religns (since 1 ... Rxd7 is answered by 2 R><c8+ Kh l 3 Nf8+ ).

268. Kresduner-Laue, Eisenach, 1951. 1 Qc511 Resips. 1 h4?? is a mistake on account or 1 ... Rh 1 + 2 Kx h 1 Qb 1 + and 3 ... Ogl + followed by mate. while 1 Q xf4 similarly faits to win after 1 ... Rh1 + 2 Kg3 (2 Kxhl Qbl+ 3 Kh2 Qgl+ and 4 ... B/2 mate) 2 ... 0&6+ 3 Ng4 h><g4.

269. Slmagin- Nikolich. Kislovodsk, 1968. 1 ReS+!! Kg7 2 Rxc8 Re~gns.

270. Smejk.aJ-Adorjin, Vrnjacka Banja, 1972. 1 R x b6.+ fl Resigns (since if 1 ... B x h6 2 Q x d , or 1 ... Kxh6 2 Qh4 mate).

271. Linek-Mazin, Cologne, 1953. 1 Q x a7?? Nx g311, and Black wins. lf2fx g3, then 2 . . . Qd5! , or2 O x b7 Ne4+. and mate with the knight at d2 or f2, or 2 t3 Ne2++l 3 Kf2 Rx a7.

272. Ka~lymov-Mnatsakanyan, Tashkent, 19S9. 1 Rd71f Bxd7 2 Bh61! Resigns. Since if2 . . . 0 Xe8 3 O><g7 mate, 2 ... R86 3 Qf8 mate, or 2 ... gxb6 3 Q x f6+ Kg8 4 Qf7+ and S Qf8 mate.

Tttt 35 Po•itions 273-280

We conclude the previous theme. Thi$le$t is somewhat more dif&ult. Time for solurion-45 minutes.

%7JW

Te~t 36 71

m w

m a 111 ,.,

- w

2 Back r•nk weakness

Jolutlon• to Tm 35 73. Land~tetter-Janos, We1t Germany, 19'n.

1 Be7!! Qd7 (ifl ... Qxe7. then 2 B xdSII) 2 RX:e6! Re&ijns (on.1 ... Qxe6 there oomes 3 Ng51) .

74. Kit:lzel-Duc-kstein, Vienna, 1958. 1 Bxf6!! Rd5 2 Qd2!! Resigns.

15. She&ochilin-Chernikov, Leningrad, 1950. 1 Bh6H Qg8 2 Be61! Resigns.

76. Radulov-Pomar, Nk:e, 19'74. 1 Qxf7!! Rxd2 (or 1 ... Qxfl2 RXd8+) 2 Bxd2! Resigns. It would ha\•e been wrong to play 2 Qxc77, on account of 2 ... Rxb2+.

77. BeJenlcy-Pirogov, Moscow, 1957. 1 . .. Rell! 2 Og4 (2 QxeJ Qh.5m.ate, or 2 Rxd Qg2 mate) 2 ... Obl+ l3 Rxbt Rxht mate.

78. Peter- Marcus, Switzerland, 1960. 1 Qh3H BXb3 2 RXf7+ Rxf73 RXf7 mAte.

79. flohr-Bivshe''• Leningrad, 1951. 1 Bxf7+! Rxf7 2 Rc4 Qd6 3 RXg4, and with hls extra pawn and superior pos.ition White won easily.

80. Bylcova-Kogan, Klev, 1954. 1 Nc:6 Qc7 2 Rc7!! R xe7 3 Bxd6 Resigns.

ftm 36 Po$1tion1 281-288

\most widely occurring lhemo-'E~ploiting a bac:k rank weakness' . In practical games his theme is met possibly more frequently than any other. To this theme we naturaUy le\'Ote considerable attention. We besin our acquaintAnce with some fairly simp'le ~xamples; 35 minures are allotted to this telt.

Tnt38 73

mw .. i

74 Back rank weakness

Solutlont .to T.,t 38

281. Vtuup-Pitksaar, Tallinn, 1956. 1 . •. Q xf2+!! White resigns (2 Rxf1 Rbl+ 3 RP Bd4+).

282. Chaikovstaya-D:mitrieva, Vilnius , 1972 (variation). 1 ... Qb5! r. and Btaclc wins. The game in fact continued 1 . .. Rx dl + 2 Q x dl Rd8, and ended in .a draw.

283. Verle-Laurine. Hcdmstedt, 1'951. 1 Qg7+1! B x g7 2 Rd8+ Resigns.

284. PetTov-Mhkovich, Moscow. 1970. 1 Rd41! Resigns.

285. Zurakhov- Polyak, }{jev, 1952. 1 Qe7!! Resign . The threat is 2 Of8+ and 3 R x f8+, again t which theTe is no defence . 1f 1 ... R x O, then 2 Qg7 mate . or 1 ... Rxe7 2 Rf8 mate , while if the blshop moves from e8 there follows 2 QXf1+ and 3 Qg7 mate.

286. Keres-Levcnfish , Moscow, 1949. 1 Qx b4f! Resigns. On 1 .•. Rx b4therefollol)r'S2Rc8+ NgS3Rxg8+ ! Kxg84Re8 mate. while if 1 ... Re8, then 2 Q Xe7l.

W . Gragcr-Dom, Vienna, 1958. 1 Ne7+11 R x e? 2 Qxf6!t Resigns (2 ... Qxf6 3 Rd8+, or 2 .. . Ng6 3 Qxe7) .

288. Madlen- Napolitano, Italy, 1953. 1 ... Rel+! 2 R x et Qd4+!! While resigns.

Tut 37 Positions 289- 218 A continuation of the previous theme, but sligbtJy more: difficult . Time for the solution of this test--40 minutes.

Test37 75

,., .... 192 ,.

ltJW

,. Solution• to Tnt 37

289. Aizenshaadt-Margulis, LeniBJ"d, 1951. 1 Ra8!! Resigns. There is no defence apinstthe threat of2 Qf8+1!, e.g. 1 ... R x as 2 Qd5+ , or 1 .. . Of7 2 Qd8!.

290. Par·oulck-Kapic, Con ., 1966. 1 Qb3+! K.a8 2 Q x f1 11 Resigns.

291. Mileilta-Voitkevleh, Riga. 1963. 1 Ra7!! Qb6 2 Rb71! Resigns.

292. Lozev-Dukalov, Sofia. 1958. 1 Nxd6+ cxd6 (or I ... Kb8 2 Qxd7.') 2 Rcl+ Kb8 3 Qxd7!! Resigns.

293. Vitman-Kanko, CoTf' .• tm-3. 1 RdH! Resigns. Since if 1 ... Qxe6 2 Rd8+, or 1 ... Bb7 2 Rxb7, ·or 1 ... Bc6 2 R Xc7! Qxc6 3 Rxc6 Qe8. Rcd6.

294. Marszinjak- Oobosz, Poland, 1973. 1 ..• Nfl+ ! 2 R ><fl Bd4!1 White resips.

295. Bhend-Lokvenc, Amsterdam, 195•. 1 Bh6+ !1 Kh8 2 Rxf4! ResipL

296. Oueba~:~-Gereben, Skopje, 1972. 1 0Xf6!l hS (J . .. g></62 8116.') 2 RxfB+! Resigns. Since if2 .. . K>< f8 3 Qd8 mate, or 2 ... Xh7 3 Bf5+ g6 4 Rh8 ma~.

Tnt 38 Positions 297-301 A further eigbt examples on the same theme, but rather more difficult. Ttme for the solving of this test- 50 mjnutes.

Tut38 77

Wby a il bad to pby I . cxd4' Wbat foil&a~ after I R )(dS't

lOI W lCJ1 B

JQ) 8

71 Back ranlc w:eskness

SolutJoM to TNt • 297. Nilsson-Geller, Stockholm, 1954.

1 .. . Rx c211 2 Q xc2 (or 2 Rxc2 QbJ +!!) 2 ... Qxd+!l While resigns. 298. HcgJoff- Andersson, B .• Corr .• 1968-9.

1 . • . Rx e41 2 Qd3 (2 R XfB+ QX/8 is no better) 2 . .. QfS!I While resigns. 299. Gio:r-Olafsson , Reykjavik, 1953.

1 ... cx d4'?? 2 Q x f7+ l! Bxt7 3 Rxc8+ Resigns. 300. Teschner-Portiscb, Monaco, 1'969 (Variation).

1 R x d5?? Qf2!! (Black actually played I . .. Qll6, and aher2 Ng3 the game ended in a dt.aw) 2 Ng3 Qel+, and Black wins.

301. Fl6ri6B-Koberl, Budapest, 1961 . 1 Q xc6 Re8 (on 1 . .. Rb8 there would ha"e followed 2 Qb7!! Rt8 3 QX~7+1! R Xe7 4 Rb8+) 2 R x e711 Resign"S . Since if2 ... Rxc7 3· Rd8+, or 2 .. . Rb8 Qd6!

302. Jvansoo-Ljungquist , EksjO, 1973. 1 ... Qe4l! 2 Qc3 Bd2! Whale resigns. After 3 R Xe4 B Xc3 he comes out a rook down.

303. Schmid-Bilek, Varna, 1962. 1 ... R Xf4! 2 Qxf4 Qxe2! White ~gns.

304. Guse\1-Arakelov, Leningrad, 1970. 1 Qxf8+!! Kx f8 2 Rx d61 Resigns.


lbe final test on the theme 'Exploit:in& a back rank weakness'. A more difficult test. nme for 'SOlution 60 minutes..

*'

Tut39 78

lOf .,..

) 1.1 ., :m •

80 WeakneS'.t of the second rank

Solution• to Tut 39

305. Kan- Simagin, Moscow. 1952. 1 Rd8+ !! R x d82 Bb3+ Rd7 3Rxd71 and White wins. In theg.ame White mtssed this possibj)jty, played 1 Kf2, and th.e game ended in a draw.

306. Aitken-Kefl\er, Edinburgh, 1954. 1 ... Q xdl+ !! 2 Nxdl Nf3+ 3 Q x f3 Rel+ White resigns .

307. Borsyak-KizHov. Mogilev. 1962. 1 ... Rfl+!! 2 Rx fl Qhl +!! 3 Kxhl Rxfl mate.

308. Westin-Fridrlksson, Sweden, 1973. 1 ... Qxc2+ !! 2 Rxc2 (Or 2 Kxc2 Bxe4+) 2 ... Rdl + 3 Rcl Bxe4+ White resigns.

309. Muller-Kinzel , Vienna, 1961. 1 Qf7t! QdS (if 1 ... Rdx j7, tben 2 Rg8+ Rxg8 3 Nxj7 mate, o r 1 ... QxgJ 2 Q xd7, or 1 ... Qdl 2 Qxe8 Rx~ J Nd6f) 2 Nd6! Rdxf7 3 Ndxf7+ Resigns.

310. KuTaji~Pianinc. Umag, 1972. 1 ... NO+!! 2 Kfl (or 2 gxf3 Rxg7+) 2 ... Rdl + 3 Ke2 Ngl mate.

311 . lvkov- Eiistases. Munich, 19S8. 1 Qd2!! Qa8 (if 1 ... Q/8, then 2 Qd!!) 2 Qa5! Qb8 3 Q xc7! Resigns .

312. 8oiser-Vogt, Con., 1962. 1 . . . 012112 Qel NeJI Wrut,e resigns. On3 Rxe3 there foUows 3 ... Rdl +r 4 Q x dl Qxe3+.

Test 40 Positions 313- 320

Theme: 'Weakness of the second rank' . A relatively simple test . Time-35 minutes.

JU a

Tnt40 11

ll6 w

) 17 .... ) J8 (t

Jl9 "'

12 WesknBss of the •econd rank

Solution• to Te• t 40

313. Hjonh- Lundin, MotaJa, 1946. 1 ... Qe3!1 While resians.

314 Ryzhk.ov-Faas , USSR, 1978. 1 ... Qxf41 White resigns: 2 Qxf4 Rc xg2+ 3 Khl Rgl + 4 Kh2 R6g2 mate.

315. Lundin- Smyslov, Groningen, 1946. 1 ... Rf2!! and wins. In the game Black missed this possibility, and only drew after 1 ... Nf2+ .

316. l ieb-Kunstoviz, West Germany, 1974. 1 Qh7! Resigns. On 1 . . . Qxg.S there follows 2 Nd7+ B x d7 3 Qn mate.

317. Bronsteir.-GeiJer, Moscow, 1961. 1 Og61! Resigns.

318. Gheorghiu-D~z deJ Corral, las PaJ~, 1973. 1 ... Qxfl+l! 2 Kx fl Rxfl+ 3 Kgl (or 3 Kd R xg2 t1 Kfl Raj2+ 5 Kd Bd2+) 3 .. R xg2+ 4 Khl Rgc2 White resigns.

319. Ciocaltea- Ungureanu, Bucharest, 1971. 1 Nx b7! Qxb7 2 BxCS!! gxfS 3 Bc3! Resigns (if J . .. BeS, then 4 Qh6f).

320. Kuzmin-K.rivonosov, Oaugavpils, 1974. l8Xb71Rb8(1 .. . 8 Xb72 Rd7,orl ... QXb72 Rd8mate)2 8 Xc8 R ><c8 3Rd71 Resigns.

Telt 41 Positions 321- 328

Wt conclude the theme 'Weakness of the seoond rank' with a rather more difficult test . Solving time--45 minute .

~· . ~ ...

Test41 83

ma

ns .,..

m w lll ....

.. Intermediate move

;olutlon• to Test 41

121. D.antc:rWe~ler , Mar del Plata , 1951. 1 .. • Rf2 l! White resigns.

122. Doter- Haywood. Manchester, 1950. 1 Qx f7 +!! Nx f7 2 Rg8+ !! Rxg8 3 Nxf7 mate.

•23. Ilchenko-&nina, Voron¢Vl, 1971. 1 .. . Qgl+ !! 2 Kxgl {or 2 Rxgl N/2 mate) 2 . . . Rgxg2+ 3 Khl Rx h2+ 4 Kgl Rbg2 mate.

·24. Funna&-WitJcowski, Polanica Zdroj, 1967. 1 Re41! 8 x f4 (1 ... R xflfaih to 2 Ng6+!1 hxg6 3 Rlt4 mate) 2 Bxg7+ R x g7 3 R x f8+ Resigns.

·25. Stoma-Chekhlov, Riga Cb., 1975. 1 Nx f6+! gxf6 (J .•. Kh8 2 Q/5) 2 0J4+ Kh8 3 R>< h7+! Resjgns.

·26. Botvmnik-Smyslov, Moscow, 1958 (variation). 1 Nd4~ 1 Nx d4 (on 1 . .• cx d4 there follo'lt'$2 &1$+! Rx d.S 3 Re8!l) 2Bd5+ ! R>< d5 3 Re71, attd White wins. In the game there followed 1Bh3 Ne5 2 N >< e5 f>< eS 3 f4 Bc6, and White 's tactica) chances were eliminated.

·27. Kislov-Beribesov. USSR, 1971. t R x g7+! Kx g7 2 Ne6+! Resigns.

·28. Sbau&-Grigo.revsk}•, USSR, tm. 1 Rb5! g)( hS (if 1 . • . Rt8, then 2 Qxlt7+ KJ8 3 Qh8+ Ke7 4 Qt:S+ K.d7 5 B >< b7+ ; mating) 2 Be4 ·f5 (or 2 . .. Re83 Bxlt7+ Kh84B/S+ Kg85 Qhl+ Kf86 QhB+ Ke77 Rd7 mate) 3 BdS+ Rf7 4 B><f7+ Kxf7 .5 Rd7+ Be7 6 Qx h7 Resigns.

rest 42 Position• 329-336

Ne make the acquaintance of a new theme. 1ntetmediate move' or 'Zwtschcnzugt. You hould not fuld the test too difficult. Solving timo--45 minutes.

nt ....

31XII.'s lase mow wu .. . 8~. He bouabt chat by auac:ll.inJ abe q~ae~ be ft'OI&kl fC>tCe It to retreat. 8ul • wrprisc "DOVe by Wbht fot<'.led Bbck 't irruMdiate. ~tulat.ion. Wbt did Wldte pla}1

White played 1 R>C'e6, to whlcb Slack, as be bad pi.&AMd. replied l .. • Qe8, liWLkJQg tllat Wlute bad oqrlook.ed lhls move:. Wbo wu rip t1 Who had K t:n

furt:her?

131 w

Why .OOWdft't Wltitt- eaptute tbe pawn at c77 After 1 8 Xc7 R xc7 2 Rxb4 ever)·· thins appean to ~ .lft order. But is tm'

to?

WIUte to play. How d~ h~ wltl mou quldcly-?

m a

Whlle !lad eondder~d or~ly 1 ... Rc2, 0t1 which 2 9d2 i$ perfect!)' adequate. But Blatt had IIIOCher •-ay ro ·wm. What waJ

1r?

Test42 85

lll 'fl

After J 1W4 it appcus that tbe worst it over. 8gt o~rtbdcsi WtUte h.ld owr

looted sometbios. What?

))4 ""

White to play decided to s.impllf)' the poiitLOII by 1 Bb4 Rbl 2 8 xd6, hopi118 dt tteby to plft a draw. but be ovttloolced bis oppooeot's reply, after wbJCb be wu lmm.edlatety lotted to lay doWD hi.s arms.

What • ·as u that White mksed? mw

01 ~. In thdr prtJlmlnary ealcularlon5 both players. coauldc~ Ltt~ ~ ll.tre on d6, but asscued 1t dlltert:ftdy.

Whleb of tt.em wu ll.lht?

.. SolutJotn to Tat 42

329. Aronin-Kantorovich, Moscow. 1960. 1 Ne51 I Resigns.

330. Fischer-5hocron , Mar del Plata, 1~59. t R Xe6U Qc8 2 Bd71 Resigns. On 2 .. . Q >< d7 there follows 3 R Xg6+!.

331. Tuk- Assenova, Lublin, 1969. 1 Bxc7?? Rxc7! 2 Rx b4 Rac8t! White resigns. There is no defen<Je .against both of the th!ears-mate at c l and the capture on b4.

332. Letunov-Ubilava, Tbitisi, 1973. 1 Bd4? Rg3+1! 2 Kh2 (if 1 fx g3, then 1 . . . Qu+l) 2 ... Nxd2! White r~g.ns.

333. Yukhtman-Goldenov, Kirovogad, 1952. 1 R xc7!1 Q x e7 2 BcS! Resigns.

334. Rosseno-Sherwin. Ponoroz. 1958. 1 Bb4? Rbl ! 2 Bxd6 f3+ !1 White resigns.

335. Euwe-Keres, The Hague, 1948. 1 ... Rc511 2 Qd2 (2 Qb71oses to 2 . .. Rcll) 2 ... R xcll1 3 Qf2 (on 3 h3 there foUows J . . . Nf3 +f) 3 . . . Rc3 White resigns.

336. Taimanov-Serebrisky. Leningrad, 1951. 1 B xd6! R x d6 2 Nf.5 H gxf5 3 R x d6, and White won. If 3 . .. R x d6, then 4 Qg)+ Kf7 S Qx d6 Qb7 6 Qxc5 Nc8 7 Q xfS, or 3 ... Rc8 4 Qxd Qc7 5 Q xfS.

TMt Q Position• 337-344

We meet a theme wbJch will occupy the next three tests: •creation and utilization of passed pawns.•. The solving time is 40 minutes.

)37 •

Test43 87

ma

,... .

.. Solution~ to T ••t 43

337. Stolle-Just, Corr., 1976. 1 ... Rb71 White resigns (2 Rxb7 c2, and wins).

338. Averbakh-'N. N., Moscow, 1960. (From a simultaneous display.) 1 NcS!! Resigns (on I ... B xc.S there comes 1 d7.').

339. fllippov-Kaikamadz:bozov. Sofia. 19S8. 1 ... Rdl+ !l 2 K xdt exfl White resip.

340. Oms-Karls, Bremen, 1949. 1 ... Rbl!! 2 Kxbl f2 White raigns.

341 . Knudsen-8 ichsel, Winterthur. 1976. 1 ... d2+ I 2 Kxd2 Ne4+ I 3 NXe4 a2 White resigns.

342. Seredeoko-Belousov, Maikop. 1972 (variation). 1 ... Bel!!, and Black wins, since 2 Rxcl is met by 2 . .. d21. The game in fact continued I ... Be3+7 2 Kg2 Bd4 3 Rdl ReS? 4 Be7, and White won.

343. A6ri,n-Koska, Bmo, 19SO. 1 Qo4+ 11 Rxc4 (on 1 . .. Kg7there fonows2 Qxc8Qx~83 Rx~s Rxc8 4 ~s=Q) 2 R xe8+ Resigns (2 ... Kg7 3 RgS+f).

344. Averbakh-Korchnoi, Yereva11, 1965. 1 ... Rc4+ ! 2 Kd2 Rclll White resip (on 3 Kxd comes 3 .. . la2) .

Tnt 44 Positions 345- 352

A ~ontinuation or the previous theme. Difficulty roughly the same as in the preceding test. Solving time--40 minutes.

>d I

.. >47 a

Blaek to piOI)' and dnw

.now

3-Sl W

10 Pasud pawns

Solution• to Te•t 44

345. Zha,·el-Dubaya, Corr. , 1961. 1 ... Rdl!! 2 Kxdl h2 White res.igns.

346. Lobigas-Mitchell, Skopje, 1972. 1 Q x hSI! gx hS 2 8h7+ ! Re5lgos.

347. Goldstein-Shakhnovich, Moscow, 1946. 1 .. . gxf3 2 Bxf3 (2 c7+ fails to win after 2 . .. Kc8 3 BfS+ Rd7 4 Bh3 /15 ~ fl=Q6 B xfl .Rxc1) 2 . .. Rd7U, and draws. 3 cxd7 gives stalemate, wbiJe if3 Bd5, then 3 ... Rb7!.

348. Rossolimo-Momon, Paris. 1945. l R f311 RdS 2 Rc8! Resigns.

349. Radev-Neilrin:h, Sofia, 1970. 1 N x d81! R xa7 2 Nx c6!! Resigns. On 2 .. . Q xc6 there foUows 3 bxa7!.

JSO. Henninp-Walther, Leipzig, 1964. 1 BgS!! Be7 (if J . •• fxg5, then 2 g7 and 3 Blt7+) 2 g7! Re$\gns.

351. Bannik ikolayevslcy, Odessa, 1958. 1 Bx b6!! Bc3 2 BaSil Resigns.

352. RoguJ-Syomkov, Varna. 1m. 1 g7+ (not I NeJ R xh6) 1 .. . Kg8 2 Nd6! Rxh6 3 Ne81. and there is no defence again~t 4 Bc4+:

Tett • Positions 363-380

We conclude the section on 'Passed pawns'. Solving t:i.me-40 minutes.

Test4S ., mw l,. w

1S7 w

12 Simplifying!Perpetusl chBCk

Solution. to Te•t 45

353. Medina-TaJ , Palma de MaUorca, 1966. 1 . .. 0 Xf3+'1 2 Kxf3 Ne3tr White resip.1.

354. Kadiri-Pritcheu, Skopje, 1972. 1 ... QxdJI 2 cxd3 Rb2! White r-esigns. There is no defence against 3 ... c.2 and 4 ... Rbl .

355. Balkov-Bitman, Moscow, 1'972. 1 d6! Bc6 2 dxe7 BxO+ 3 Kgl Resigns.

356. Dikshit- Kaluanasdann, Dely. 1961. 1 Bc2+ Kg8 2 Rl8+ ! R Xf8 3 Bb3+1 Resigns. If 3 .. . Kh8 or 3 ... Kh7, then 4 exf8• 0 (+), or 3 ... Rf7 4 e8•Q+.

357. Gufeld-Etruk, Krasnodar, 1966. 1 Rf6!1 R x f6 2 c7 Kg? 3 c8=Q, and Wbjte wins. The game concluded 3 . .. Bd4 4 Qb7+ Kh6 S Bg8, and Black reiiped.

358. Ksandi-Forintos, Budapest, 1963. 1 ... Bc3!l 2 R Xc3+ Kg21 WhJte reqns.

3S9. Fiscber-Attilo di Kapito , Colombia, 1956. 1 Bc?rt Nf4+ 2 Kfl Resigns. it would have been wrong to play2BX f4, on acxounl of 2 ... R Xd7.

360. Rokhtin--Lomaya, Rostov-on·Don v. Tbllisi , 1957. 1 ... Bxc3! 2 bxc3 (2 b3 Ral+ 3 Kg2a4isnobetter)2 . .. b33 Rb6Rb4114cXb4a4 5 Rb8+ Kh7 White resigns (if 6 RJI8 b2 7 RXIH bl=Q+ 8 Kg2 Q~2+).

Test 48 Positions 38·1-388

We meet two new themes: •simplifyin& combinations' (NO$. 361- 364) and •orawing combinations by perpetual chca• (Nos. 365-368). Since in both sections there are difficulties which we have not yet met , the time allowed is 55 minutes.

l61 I

t3

* '* .

lt7 8 •

... Stalemate

Solution• to Ten 46

361. Porat- Barcza., Moscow, 1956. 1 ... R8xb3!1 2 axb3 Rxd2 3 R Xd2 Bx e3+ 4 Rf2 Kg7 WhiLe resigns.

362. Ryto ........ Taimanov, Tallinn, 1975. 1 ... Q Xc4! White resigns: Black forcibly transposes into a won pawn ending.

363. Abrahams-Winter, London, 1946. 1 RhS+ ! Kx h5 2 QxfS+ Kh6 3 Oxe41 R x e4 4 d7 R~igns .

364. Averbakh-Cbistyakov, Moscow, 1951. 1 Bet! Bxel 2 R xel Bx fJ 3 Rx e3 rxe3 4 Kgl ResigM.

365. Nedwezki-Kampcn, Augsburg , 1955. J Rfl!f Rxt2 2 QhS+, with a draw by perpetual check.

366. Kuz.netsov-Zailcin , Ryazan, 1952. 1 Qd7 Rc7 2 Rxb7+!1-draw. If 2 ... Kxb7, then 3 QbS+ Kc8 4 Qe8+, witb perpetual check. 2 .. Rx b7? loses to 3 Qd8 mate.

367. Kopayev-Vistanet&i.is , Vilnius, 1949. 1 ... Ofl+!f 2 Kxn Nx e3+ 3 Ke2Nc4+ , withperpetualcheclt (4 Kfl Nt.J+ S Ke2 , etc.).

368. Vitol.insb-Bukhman, Riga, 1976 (variation). 1 Qh4l at=O 2 Od8+ Kb7 3 R xJ6l with perpetual check.

Tm 47 Potition• 389-371

A new theme: 'Stalemating combinations•. The time for this Lest is 50 minutes.

J'lO • •

Tat47

)Tl 1ft •

m • -

m w .

l'U .. -

Thinkin1 chat be ~uld win as he pl~scd, WMc played I d6?'!. which aOoW'Cd Black to dtaw.

Ho••?

376 8 -

.. Geometries/ motifs

Solution• to r.m 47

369. K6berl-Tipaty, Budapest, 1955. 1 QgS+ n Kx~talemate.

370. Titenk:o-Murcy, MoSQOw, 1963. 1 ... Qcl+!! 2 Qxcl-stalemace.

171. Zhdaoov-Pigiu, Riga. 1953. 1 b4!-dnw. Black cannot prevent $talemate after the sacrifice of the white queen.

372 Bislova-Srran.dstrom, Rostov. 1953. 1 h4---draw. Exactly as in the previous example ~ after the sacrifice of the queen, the draw is inevitable.

373. Heint.ze-Kruschwitz~ Grunbach, 19S1. 1 ... g3+f 2 Qx g3 Qgl+lf 3 Kxgl--stalemate.

374. FichU-Blatny. Bratislava, 1956. 1 d617 Bc6+~1 2 Qxc6 Rgl + !1 3 Kxg1---stalemate.

315. Kestler- Pesch. East Germany, 1956. 1 Ra8+! Kh72 Rh8+ ~ ! KXh8 3 Qh6+ 1! Q Xb6--stalemate.

376. Kondratic:v-Lapigin, Moscow, 191S. 1 ... Rd3!! 2 Rg7 (after 2 R/3 R x f3 3 g x f3 it is stalemate, while other moves. by the rook along the 'g' file do not acllieve a.nythin&) 2 ... Rg31! 3 RgS Rxg2+~raw. Either cap1ute gives stalemate1

Mating Combination• B•Md on Geometrical Motifs Schematic Diegram•

BefoTe tacldingTests48 artd ·49 in Book 1, and certain Tests in Book 2. you sbouJd refer to the appropriate schematic diagnuns.

m

17

m

lll

rest 48 Position• 387-394 rhe first test on the theme 'Mating combinations based on geometrical motifs'; d . chematic diagrams 377 (the so-called •tincar mate') , 378 and 381 . The time allowed is 4() ninutes.

99

)9'} "''

100· Geomet~l motft.

Solution• to Tnt 41 387. Segytacek-Balogb, Budape1t, 19S3.

1 Qx h7+1 Rxh7 (or 1 ... Kxh7 2 RJU mate) 2 R x gS mate. 388. Soultanbeieff- Borodin, Bn~uell, 1~.

1 Rg2t! Resigns. There is no defence apirut 2 Qxb7+ Kx h7 3 Rh3 mate: on l . . . Q xf3 there follows 3 QxfB mate.

389. De Vine-Buse,. Corr., 1966. 1 Nc.S+!! bx c52Rbl+ Resigns. lf2 ... Ka6, then 3c41, or2 .. . Kc83 Re8+ Kd7 4 Rdl mate.

390. Cherepkov-Averbakh, Moscow, 1960. t Rxg6+ Kh7 2 QgSI1 Resigns (2 .. . hxr5 3 hxr5 mate).

391. Bemstein- Kotov, Groointe.n; 1946. I fS+ !! exfS 2 Qxh6+!! gxh6 3 Rq8 mate.

392. Polugayevsky-Szilagyi, Moscow, 1960. 1 Rgl + ! Kh62 Bf8+ rt Rx f83 Rd31 Resigns. Alainst4 RhJ mare there is no defence.

393. Vilenkin-Zavada. Corr., 1971. t R x h6+ H Kx h6 2 Qg5+ Kh7 3 QhS mate.

394. Tartakover- Falk. Pari,, 1954. 1 Qxa7+1! Kxa7 2 RaJ mate.

Teat 48 Po1itions 395-402

We conclude the tbeme 'Mating combinations buedon geometrical motifs'; cr. schematic positions 381 , 382 and 383. The time for the test is 40 minutes.

Tnr50 101

m o

401 w

102 Attack on K·side castled po.si tlon

SolutJOM to Ten 49

395. Udovci<>-Szabados, Zurich, 1952. 1 Ng6+! hxg6 2 RhS+! gxhS 3 Q x bS male.

396. Krilov-Tarasov, Thla, 1960. 1 Qxg8+!1 K x g8 2 Rh8+H K:X h8 3 Bn mate.

397. Schultt- Laurens, Prent:lau. 1954. 1 ... Qfl+!! 2 R xfl R xfl mate.

398. Ciocaltea-Kupper, Lugano, 1968. 1 Bc-5!! R x et 2 Rf8 mate.

399. Zinn-Brumel, Magdeburg, 1964. 1 NXd51 N x d52 Oe8+! Resign.$(on2 ... Rxt8J Rxe/J+ 8f8therefoUows4Bir6).

400. OstropoJsky-lvaoovsk.y. Tyumen, 1949. 1 Qxd7+!! Rxd7 2 Nc7+ R x c7 3 Rd8 mate.

401. Ooderka-N. N., Graz, 1958. 1 Nc7+ l! Rxc7 2 Q Xc6+!1 R xc6 3 Rd8 mate.

402. Uzman-Solcr. Lugano. 1968. 1 Qxh7+ l! Kx h7 2 Rh3 mate.

Test 50 Po.ftlon• ~3-410

A new theme: "Attack on the K-side castled position'. The time for the test is 40 .minutes.

Tat 50 103

Clll

4()t 8 •tt w

104 Att1ct on king c1ught In centre

Solutions to Tat 50

403. Kubicek.- Privara, Czech Ch., 1976. 1 Bxe4 d x e4 2 Nxd7 Q x d7 3 QhSl Re&ips.

404. Kas-Gross. Corr .. 1976. 1 ... Qh4 2 Nbt Qg3! 3 bXg4 hxg4 4 Rel Rh2 White resi&ft$.

~S. Quinoue~Miagmarsurcn , Skopje, tm. 1 Re6!1 Kg8 (if 1 . .. .fXe6, then 2 Qg6l) 2 Bb7+ Resip (on 2 . .. Xh8 , 3 R xlt6!!is decisive).

406. Meka.i-Racasanu, Bucharest, 19SO. 1 Rx b7+! Nx h7 2 Qh6! Rg8 3 Rbl Resip.

4(]1. Uhlmann- Gucia, Madrid, 1973. 1 Bx h5fl Rfd8 (on 1. .. Kg7there foUows 2 Bxg61) 2 Bxg6! Resigns (ifl .. . f><g6 , then J Qla7+ K/8 4 Qxg6).

<408. Sonbauer- Despatovic, Yugoslavia, 1974. 1 .. . NO+ I 2 Kh 1 Bb3!1 White rC$ips (J gxh3) is answered by J ... Qxd6f) .

409. Pokem-Hubncr. Bamberg, 1966. 1 ... Qe3+ 2 Khl (or 2 Kfl Ng4l) 2 ... Qb31! Whitemigns. On 3 8 x b7 or3 Rgl,3 ... Ng4!1 i decisive.

410. Shashin-Dasbkevich, Moscow, 1954. 1 Q Xh7+ rl NXh7 2 8 Xb7+ K18 3 N&6 mate.

Test 61 Po1ftlons 411-418

Theme: • Attack on rhe king ~ught in the centre'. The ·positions arc not too difficuJt . and the time for the test i 45 minutes.

'I I W

106

. ,. w

417 w 411 w

108 Dttsrructive combin11tion1

SolutJotu to Tm 61

411. Lebmann-Blau, Lucerne, 1952. 1 R ><dSf Res.ips (if 1 ... Qxo4, then 2 Rel+ ) .

412. Pedersen-KelleT, Hel$inki, 1~2. 1 Q xd6+tl Resigns (1 • . . cxd6 is met by 2 8 Xb6+ Ke7 NdS mate).

413. Kotcbnoi-GeDer, Kiev, 1954. J Bxf6+H Resigns (1 ... gxf6 2 Qe6+ KfB 3 Rg8 mate) .

414. Olabson-Quintero5. Las Palmas. 1974. 1 R xd7f Kx d7 2 Bxc6+r Kx c6 3 Qa4+ ReAgns.

4lS. Ftscher- Dely, Skopje, 1967. 1 Rxf8+!! Qxf8 2 Qa4+ Resigns. After 2 . .. Kt7 there follows 3 Rfl+, on 2 ... Ke7- 3 BcS+, while if2 ... bS, then, 3 Qxe4, with the threats of Qx a8, ~+and Qx~+.

416. Balashov-Stean, Teesside, 1974. 1 ... NXe3!! White resigns. On 2 fx e3 comes Z ... Bx e3+ 3 Kxe3 Qxc3+ , while if 3 Kc2, then 3 ... Bx d4 4 Bb2 Bxc3 5 BxcJ d4, and wins.

417. Kofman-Filatov, Kiev, 1962. l Nxc6!! bx c6 2 Qx e6+ H fxe6 3 Bg6 mate.

418. Fould-Lang, New Zealand, 1956. 1 Q x d5+1'1 ex d5 2 Bb6+! axb6 3 Re8 mate.


The fir5t test of our ooncludmg theme •Destructive combination$•, i.e. combinations whose aim is to destr:oy the Oppo$lng king's pawn OO"Yer. The solving time aU owed is 40 minutes.

Te~t52 107

4 1 w

1011 Dutructlve oombl,..rlon•

SolutloM to Tat 5Z

419. Janosevio-Honfi. SarajCYo. 1966. 1 Q x f7+ I! Re~ (1 ... Rxf! 2 Rd8 mate).

420. Medina-Donner, Beverwijk, 196S. 1 R xf7+H Resigns (1 . .. Rxf7 2 Nh5+ l(g8 3 Qd8 mate) .

421. Bolbochan-Pachman, Moseow. 1956. 1 Q x f7+!t Resigns (1 ... Kxp 2 Bxc6 mate).

422. Kirby-Oliveira . Tel Aviv, 1964. 1 0 Xf7+ 11 Resigns (1 ... R Xf' 2 Rt8+).

423. Ivkov-Ourasevic, YUJO$).avia, 1956. 1 Bxf7+!! J( xf7 2 Rh7+ Kg8 3 R.ahll Resips.

4~. Bronstein-Lehmann, MuniCh, 19S8. 1 Nxf7f Bg4 (on 1 . .. Rxf7Wbitebadprepued2 B x d.S/ Nxd5 3 Rg8+1) 2 R x f6H Resigns. H 2 ... gxf6. then 3 Nh6+ , while 3 Bx d5 also wins.

425. Bole&lavsty-Goldenov 1 Leningrad, 1947. 1 Rxg7+1 Res.lgn$(Since if l .. . Kx112 Q15+ K/83 B xf6,or 1 . . . Kf8 2 Qg5, or I ... Kh82 Qh6).

426. Padevsky-Tsankov, Sofia, 19SS. 1 R x g7+H Kh8 (or J • •• K x g7 2 Nc6++) 2 Nc6!! Resips.

T~est 53 Positions 421-434 Continuation of the theme 'Destructive oombinatiom'. In comparison with the previous test, tbe examples are more difficult. Solvinc timo-50 minutes.

T~lt53 101

4)4 •

110 De$tructlve combinations

Solution to T..t U 47:1. Mansillt-Darga, Munich. 1958.

1 Rg)l! BXhl 2 Rx g7+11 Res.ips (if 2 .. . Kh8, then 3 RgB+.f). 428. KoUinen-SkoJd, Hetsinlcl , 19S7.

1 ... Rxg2+!12 Khl (or 2 Kxg2 Q~+ 3 Kgl Bd.Sf) 2 ... Rx b2+l13 KXh2 (or 3 N x h2 BdJ) 3 ... Qb3+ White raicns (since if 4 Kgl . then 4 . .. Rg8+).

429. F~lrnan-OUveira. Leipzig, 1960. 1 Rxg7+!1' Kx g72 Qg3+ ! Resigns. On 2 ... Kh7 comes 3 Qg6+ Kh8 4 Nr7 mate, while if 2 ... Kf8 or 2 ..• Kh8. then 3 Ng6+ .

430. Bronstein-OU,orlc, Mosoow, 1967. 1 Rxg7 +r! Bxg7 2 ReS+ Resigns.

431. Keres-Szab61 Moscow, 1955. 1 R xg7! KXg7 2 Qf6+ Kf8 3 Bg6! Resigns.

432. Boleslavsky-Nczhmetdioov, Vilnius, 1958. 1 ... Nx g21! 2 Kxg2 Nf4+ 3 Kh1 (on 3 Ksl Black wins by 3 ... Nh3+ 4 Kg2 Q Xf1+.'5 K XIt3 Bc8+ 6Nf5 Bx f5+ 7~xf5 ,Qxf3+ 8 Kh2 Rd2.'l)3 ..• Qxfl White resigns.

433. Rang-Winkel, Sweden, 195.5. 1 R x g7!l K XJ7 2 Bh6+ I Kh8 (or 2 . .. Kxh6 3 Nf6l) 3 Nf6! Resigns.

434. Hajtun-Fabian, Budapest. 1953. 1 ... Bd4+1! 2 Rxd4 Rxg2+ H 3 Kxg2 Rh2+ White resigns.

Tnt M Position• 435-442 Continuation of the theme 'Destructive combinations'. Here again, in comparison with the previous, test , the examples are somewhatmoredifftcult . Time for solution 50 minutes.

ms

111

()J •

.WOW

112 Destructfve combinations


435. Honan-Mardle, Corr .• 1959. 1 .. , Qxg2+1'! 2 Qxg2 Ng3+ 3 bxgJ Rh8 mate.

~36. ElsukOY-Ermakov, Novosibirsk, 1969. l .. , Qxb2+ !! White resigns (2 Kxb2 Nc4++ 3 Kc2 N43 mate).

437. Portiscb-f16ri6n, Budapest, 1955. 1 ... R Xb2+!1 2 Kxb2 Qxd4+ , White r-esigns (J Bd Rb8+ ) .

438. Kapenpt-Vapnian, 1970. l ... Rx'b2!12 Kxb2 Qxc3+ 3 Kcl Rb8Wbite resi&JlS. There is no defence against 4 ... Rbl + and S ..• Qb2 mate.

~39. Ney ... Kreculescu, Bucllarest, 1957. 1 Bxb7+ H Kx b7 2 NeSH Resjgns.

440. Ftscbe~m.uren, Sousse, 1967. l Qxh7+ H Kx h72hxg6+ + Resigns(2 ... Kxg63 &4mate, or2 ... Kg83 Rlt8 mate).

441. Borisenko-Hathimovsk.aya~ Riga~ 1968. 1 QXh7+ !! Kxh7 2 g6+ Kh8 3 RgS!! Resigns.

442. Batuyev- Abdusamatov, Leningrad, 1951. 1 BXb7+ KXh7 (o1J . .. Kf8 2 Blt6!!) 2 Bf6!! Bxf6 (on 2 . .• gxf6 there follows J Rd3 Bf84Rh3+ Blt6S Qlt4!) 3 exf6Resigns. lf3 ..• g6, tben4 Qb4+ K&8S Qh6.

Test ·ss Position• 40-GO

Continuation of the tbeme 'Destructive combinations' , lbowin& different types of tbese combinations .. In djfficulty the test is similar to the ptevious one. Time for solution SO minutes.

Teat 56 113

4i9 8

114 Destructive combfn~tlons

Solution. to T .. t 55

443. Doza-Titk:os, Hungary, 1961. 1 Re7!! Ox e7 2 Qb2+ Rf6 (or 2 . .. Qg7 3 R><lt7+!l) 3 gx f6 Resigns.

444. Uik.man-Andersen, Corr., 1951-8. 1 ... R><h2+!1 2 Kxb2 Rh8+ 3 Kg3 Ne4+ White resigns. U 4 Qxe4, then 4 ... Qxg5+, or 4 Kf4 Q xgS+ 5 Kxe4 Bd5+ .

445. HuJt-Kolett, Stodcholm, 1946. 1 Qpl Rg8 2 Q x h6+! gxh6 4 Rxg8 mate .

446. Radev-Lyangov, Bulgaria , 1967. J ... Be3+ 2 Kh2 Nft+ 3 Khl (if 3 R xfl, then 3 . .. BxiU, and wins) 3 . .. Q xh3+ !! White resigns (4 gxh3 8{3+! S Rxj3 Rgl mate).

447. Vinoaradov- Fedin, Moscow 1973. 1 Qx h6+n gxh6 2 R x h6+ J<a7l Rh7+ Kf8 4 Rh8+ Kg75 Rg8+ 1016 6 gS mate.

448. Mu1Jer--Pichler , Dresden . 1972. 1 Ngh6+!! gx h6 (if 1 ... Kl:t8, then 2 Nfl+ Ks83 N51t6+ gxh64Qg4+)2 0g4+ Kh8 3 Rg7!t Resigns.

449. Kreculescu-Padevsky. Bucharest, 1950. 1 ... Qxgl+H White resigns {1 K xgJ Bh4 mate).

4SO. Pitt-Hol·tt. O>penhagen, 1960. 1 . .. Bh3+! 2 gx hJ RxgJ+!t 3 hxg3 Qx.g3·+ 4 Bgl Rdl! ! White resigns.

Test 5e Positions 451-458

Conclusion of tbe theme "Destructive combinations', Difficulty is no greater than in the two previous tests. Solving lime 45 minutes .

.SJ V.'

Test 56 115

Ull

111 De•tructive combinations

SolutloM to Te., 5I

451. Pfeiffer- Biau, Geneva, 19.52. 1 R xg6+!! fx g6 2 Q x g6+ 8g7 3 Rh8+l Resigns.

452. Ko tarov-Schonbcrg, Moscow, 1956. 1 Bx g6+rl Kx g6 2 RBS+ Resigns.

453. Kupper-Nora, Lugano, 1962. 1 R xg6+1l K x a6 2 Ne7+ Resipt (2 ... K.lt6 3 Rf6+ , or 2 ... Kg7 3 Qg5+).

454. Dely-Glass, Rqsio-Emilia, 1960-1. 1 Bx,61! hx g6 2 Bg7r Resips.

4SS. P1au.-Lampe, Halle, 1957. 1 Qx f6+!! Kxf6 2 Rll + Ke7 3 Bp mate.

456. O'K.eUy-Barzin, BlankenburJ, 1959. 1 Rx f6t! gx f6 2 NbS Qc3 3 Qe3 Ratps. There is no defence against 4 Bdl and 5 Qh6.

457. Kostakiev- Oimitrov, Sofia, 19S8. 1 ... R x f311 2 gx f3 Rg6+ 3 Kht Ng3+1 Wbite resigns (4 Kg2 NfS+, or 4 fX gJ Qx gJ).

458. Kluger-sziligyi, Budapest, 1965. 1 .. . Rx f3 t! 2 Qx fl Rfx h3+ 1 3 K;gl Rhl mate.

Index of Players

A~roo lS Abchls1m.tov ~2 Abnltams 36) Ad&Jh~20) Adorpn 128, 270 Alwc:sl56 Aitken~. J06 Ai~eCJsh~dc 289 AJbiZ28 Aarm 220 Abte:r 106 Ande:nen 44.4 And.er1.1oo. B. 298 Andemon, U. 13, 2A2 Aosi.Uiadi 165 An,OJhin 17 ArateloY 220. ~ Aro!lin 32? 1\aenova 331 Attilo di JC.apilo 3S9 AvaDa 80 AYerbakl'l llS, 257, ll8, l44 , 364. 390 Aver~in 264

B11prov 2S, 4& Balkov 3S5 8ait1JI'10'Y 7 4 Bak.hlr 12 Bakonyi 210 Balas!IOY 31, 416 Balo&h 387 Baa 2 BaallOY 163, 218 Baanit 26S, 351 Baatleon 1 S4 Bartta lOS, 361 Damn •S6 BtiSJtf 7 Bani)eY 442 Batttr 192 Beckfr 117 Bel.eAky 60, m Betousov 3C2 Belyueblt 19 BeD1164 Beak6 90, 208 BenbtiOY 127 Bemtt~in 84, 391 BheDd 136, 29S Bkbsel l41 Bl&lova ln B11ek 146, 3()1 lllipler I.S. 70 Blt.hop S.. BJtma.n US BJnhcvl79 B jorkqvm 209 Bli!Cbt« k 1Z4

B litny 374 Bin l33, 41l, 451 Blomberg 81 Bobotsov 205 Bopc22A Bollm 76 Boiser 312 Bokor l1S Bolbocban <ell Bolc:~t.Y&ky 11, IS,l9, 118. 42S • .Q-2 Booch-OiiiDOlovskf J7, ISO BOOk 1, 34 Bon:scnko 162, 441 Borodinl88 Bonyak ~ Botvinnik '20, 91, 240, 32.6 Bolalll7S Bnun.uerm Broist•d• ZJ9 Broo~cin 31. 166, 317, •24, •30 BroW'Ile 78 Bntmcl m B nmdtn1p fiJ Brynt~ 19 Budtleb fiJ Bu&Jak. 113 Butbman 368 Bukulln 148 But;ovck 28 Bust 389 BtUIIOfYUS 199 Buzhdizblo 179 Bykova 280 Byrne. D. 30S Byrne. R. 26, SJ, 99, 100

Cabercl231 Card068 Jl Caroui 11 Ccki 2-54 Chaikovwya 28:2 C"'Uis 58 C"'pliDU)' 119 CbarmhiD 2•1 Chckblov J.2S Chckbover 63, 9"3 Chcpukaitis 1l8 Cberepkov 390 Cbemikov 175 Cbemyakov 19 CbistYJlcOV 364 CiQQICe;a 319, 398 Ctin~l l lS

Dahl 56 OaniebOf'l 81 Oan1e.5l21 Oa.rp 211, 427

'"

120

Oukhev'.cb 410 OubJo¥291 Otbaroot 1l Otfos J-41 Othqlbnt 6 Otty 1~. 415, 45-4 Dcmcat~r18J Dcmcatiev 154 Dac:tlal1Cr46 Dape~Q De Vine J89 Oicbon 216 [)jckJ 259 Oia del Con&l 318 Ditlhit »6 Dimilrov 457 Omitrie¥11 282 Dobou 294 Ooda 258 Dokrm Dolc:W 222 Doaudis 206 Domall 3 Dooner UJ, 1 n. 420 Dom287 Doll443 Dubaya J.tS 01Kks4c:in 22, 211, '274 DucbWI196 Du.akdblam 172 Durao 'T1 ~4Z3

Ebcntecb 249 Ecbc-vcri 174 EWan Z31, 311 EllakoY 436 EnFn 41 Epcn 9 Etbit Jl2 Eriktlea 39 EtmakoY 436 e-:ncero 139 Estradl 13-t Etu\n 178 Eam.lmU £uuk J47, lS7 Euw 66~ 33.$ E.v1.111 .57, 70, 123

Faul14 Fabian 434 Falk J9o4 Fedin 447 Fenul46 Fidltl 174 Fila tOY 4 l 7 Fitippov 339 FlOnicb 182 fi.c:her 90, 19), JJO, l$9, 415. 440 fllld262 Flactl 125 Flollr 2SS, '219 Fl6ti6n lOI , 343. 43'7

Index of pl•yen

~Jmaa 42'9 Fonnto. 23.5, 158 FoWd 4J8 FndmaalSO Fndri.blon 308 Fncdricb 184 F\M:bll68 Flalkr 128 F\uman 3'24

Oliduov IU Olpindasb.U. lJ, 2A.5 o.ma 120, 407 OUAnov 2lO Odlicr ?1, 291, 317,413 Ocorpcbc 121, 189 Ocn:beo 296 Obc«&biu 202. 318. Oik 74, 164 Oior 299 Olus4S4 Olipic= s. 36, lJ.t, 430 OoadcDOY 133, 42S Oo&cbcbmidt 76 Ooldslcia )47 Oolombe-k 20, 71 , 116 GrqcrW Grc!c 123 ~)28 Orlnfcld SO 0Todner 1S9 Oross 404 Ovfcld 244, lS7 Ou.ldm 203 OuJnm 89 OumeJius 13'2 Owderm111 30 Ounaaabuat JCM Oun:tel Jll Gulev Ul, :.W· Outman 199 Out()p 22.5

Hajnatl 434 Hakhlmovtkaya 4C1 Halfdaftanaoft ~ Hallen J92 Haawla&S Hatldkt J42 HanJtt173 HatUOD, J. 246 Hatwoc, W. 2Al Haywood m Heemtoth J86 =: Hciscobuner 1815 Hcnmnp~.~ Hildcrbranch 67 HJOnh 313 Holtt S3. 450 Hooan4JS Hoati 419 Hortemaa 126

Hon 99, 201 , 21'9 Hubatt 409 Kult lOl. 445

Dcbcnko 323 Dlvil~ky 131 lnci l08 lo!fc 167 Ivantom lvuo~, N. 60 lvlliOwky 400 IYI.IUOO lOl fvkov 198, 311 .. m

lamiC10n 104 Jan0l273 JatlOICric: 419 Jama 44 J~a'22 Jobanaon 40 JI&St 3J7

K.adiri l.54 ~339 KaluDUdarm 3S6 ICuninsky 1S3 KU~pCn 36S K.UJ 30S Kmtol93 Katuorovidl 329 Kapallllt 438 K.apic 290 Karkosywn W Karls 340 KarlllOCI 2.$1 IC.aa 404 Kasparov 18 Kawymov 01, m Kdllu 306 KcDcr 412 K.cmpf Ill Keres 75 , 91 . 240, 286, 3JS, ~Jl K.cr.klloff 194 Kmlcr 375 IChad.thipetrov 10 Kbodkol96 KboJmov lS. 118 Kilime~r 43 Kilandcr '2S4 K.imelfcld Jq Kinzd 274, l09 Kirby 4ll KiriDo" m Kill~ 59, 327 Kizi!O" J(f1

KLuacr•~ KD~341 K6betl 301, 369 Kobr 22.4 teodliev Sl Kofman l.S, 417 ICOP' 281)· tGolaroY lO, 210$, 4$2 K~n44$

Index of pl•yeff

KondflbcY 376 ~~367 Kopylov 2SJ KoteMoi 161, 16&, 344, 413 Kotpu 215 Koska 30 Kosldt~e:n· 428 KostatieY olS7 K040Y 107. 191 ICCMJ 100 K04mauer 113 Koun.a 108. Kraidmu 84 Kramov204 Krcanar 2JO Krc~ 439, 4-49 Krctdlmcr 268 KriJoy 396 Krincv SS KriY'OO.OtlOV 320 Kropo18 K.n&tdrwi1z :> 13 l<nl1ikbiJI 119 KADCii lS8 Kubic:e.k 403 Kuijpen 1-46, 232 KWndz!li 44, 189 KlllllJDCr l39 Kulllto'riz 316 Kupper :J98, •5J ltllprekbik Ill, 157 KurajiQ 310 KU"tetdii2S Kumio 320 K~toY 366 l(wj~l$6

Lampe olSS I.Midsteuet 273 Lana418 t..ap,ln 376 l..aneft 92., 201 Luker, Ed. ao L&u268 L&urcum L&urille l&3 Laumcn 38 l..aucev138 l..dlmUID 248., 411 , 4l4 Lcqycl195 Lcmcr 217. lcnmo•332 I.&Yel1fim 286 Ucb 316 Ulicllthal 1S8 Lindholm 236 Linck 271 Lint 129 Upuitlty l70 LilicJYII 140 Ljubojclic 197 Ljuqq11ilt 302 Lobip.s 346 Locbov S4

121

122

l...okvalem Lomaya 360 l..orcntc 228 Lo~m~96 Lovtu 18 ~.o~evm LIIO~ 114 Llldolr 103 L~o~k.lq Jl-4 L..tovalltO\' 237 Lundla lJl, 315 LA~smy-.J 218 L11dt0\' 63 lllrshft 3 l.yaoacw 4Mi

M'.acOcwaa 2A MadC~Me~ Madlet131 M:adiell 288 MaktitDor 149 Waliew.ty 213 MallicaltJ7 Mae 127 tdarc::ue 278 MardleCS

~.~.101 Man*t 261 Matuinjak 294 Martas m. 252 Ma.rtslw427 Marty\Uhov 8. Malaoovic us Mattiloe 14 Mazie 271 Mtdiu 353, 420 Mcd)'aaitow• 50 Metal «:16 Melchior J.s:l ~40. 23.S Meyer 46 Miapnallllfeft 405, 440 MittftU Ul Mlklb 291 Milet 259 Mllouty221 Mllywift lll Mitkovich 2M Mitdldl~ MutUhlllae m Moller 13 Momo 2A, 100 Molllon,., Moatall263 Mou.a169 MUIChaik 94 M\dtMJ 141 Mllllrill1l0l Mullar ~. D . +&I Muny310

Najdod U)9• 115 Napibaao 218

Index of pl•yers

fllaranja 143 ~wakilM Nesra 4l9 Ncik:irdl 34-9 NatleT 66 Nci 16 ~but223 fllezlunetdino• 4).1 Nititia 7'2 Nikob)'CYiky lSJ Niklicb lti9 Nilsen 38, 236 Nibson1!17 Norta 453 Nosov 196 Novoccloov 257

Obet1e 177 o·Keo1 •s1 Olamon 199, 414 Okioik 149 Oliveira .t22, 429 ObJon S6 Onn )"0 Onclerta 401 Omsccia 115 OmoiiSJ, 238, 243 05tropolslty 4()0

Pacbman 200, 421 Packwty (jT, 253, 426, 4-49 Pa:lc1\a1s 23 Paltle 266 Pakllla 110 Puc:heuo 120 Put,abea83 Pua:ke 110 hoJJ 13,87 hpp 127 Pardon 6 hn:nal8S Parou.lek 290 Pan47 Pavlov 1S2 Pavlovic IOJ Pc:dlenca 412 Peer 169 Pmrose llS PcrkillllJ6 Pntz 160 Pe~eb 375 P,eterm Pctrov 284 P,~J3

Peul90 Pfeiffer 4Sl PfiMer 117 Pldtter U, 448 Plllu m Pm97 Plpovl77 Pltskut 281 Plu450 Pla.nloc 310

Pam 4S6 Podpny I .. Popl5 6l PoltCTD 409 Pohapyevsty n . 212. m Polyak 118, w Pc1m1r 248, 276 Popov l8, 219 Pone 109, 361 Portlsch 143, 300. 4)7 Poubanme• 6.S Pri&dM:II lS4 Pri'rlfa 403 Prok~lf1 Pytel 229

0\alnonet 87, ~ Ownte rot 414

Rabar 49 Raasanu406 Jbdevl49, ~ JlJduJov 7'9. 276 It~ 37. lSl, 166, 133 Raisa 174 Raaj43l Raatu«l n R.annstr 1 11. 1a. 1J17 Rethev1.ky 53, 92, 160, 134 R.idutt, E. 173 RJduu. K. 42 Rlao 21• R.ltM 213 RO!Oft ll Rocui3Sl Roldaa9 Rokhlin 360 Rom.aoishia 6S Rom.anov 2.60 ROihaJ 225 Roacuol34 llollolimo 6C, 116-, 343 Romer Ill RounbcfJ 111 Rouobl&t1102 Rodinlkj 2$6 RU1tca 190 RY'<JY 36l Rytllkov 314

Sabioia 171 Sudy 253, 261 SaiJin 2r7 Saila 1 Sailer2JO SM.h.woot 8l SIJIIitch 156 Sandia~ Sendnteyer4l

~.1 Sdlmid, L. 64, 303 SdiG«<bera 4.51 bulta397

Index of pl•yers

Sc:bwalbe Ill Sc:bwvzbactl 264 Sqya1cck 387 ScrcbriJ.ky 61, 336 Scrcdenk.o 342 SelJec" 237 Scm lJ ScTTIDO 26J ScrYityl-45 Sbabiimk:y 122 Sbakhn<widl 347 Sbabin 164, 410 Sti•UICti• m StJelocbiJin 27S Sbenria3)4 Slloaon 330 Stltaerman 206 Shtembera 89 Shtirt~cra 111 Sitvervn 1_.. Simapn .-. tM , 188, zm, l05 SunaftSkl 114 Skold 428 Skuya 181 Shwa75, 2S8 Slobodnilcw 179 $meJk.al no Sm)'SJov 5, 11. 49, 106, 140, 191. 2U. 25.5. 31.5, 326 Sok.olslty 16, 93, 14S, 110, 227 Sole:r 402. Soltnanat 61 Sonbauer 408 Soultaftbeletf 388 Spamer 96 Spusky 161 Sprm.Jer 117 SWICkv 163 Stean 416 Stebtyrio S2 Ste n 98. 106 StokJou. US Stolle 337 StollltS2 Stomam Stradalov 2A7 SttaftlttOCa 372 Strautietdl 30, 4S Saaelin 176 Su.lim 167 Syomkcw 3S2 Subadol39~ Su.bo 2, 191, 191, 110. 431 Szilal)'i uo. m . 458 Smapit 21

TlimanoY 29, 336, J62 Tal176, 180, 18.5, 267, 3.53 TUI 9'1 Tuuov 396 Tuj11126 Tutataftf 394 Tatarioltev 86 Tavernier 159 TembJom 2SO

121

1M

TC~Cfm« 262. 300 TjD'liDIII 180 Tipary 369 "f:j&enlO 170 TllkO$ 18, 443 T olll$!! 4. 1'07 Torman 226 TrifunoridS, 71, 23J Triflcov S.5 TroiaDCtal 62 Tsanko•426 Tadtlin 217 Taesbkovsky7.7, 157 T~ov200 Tuk 331 TUmatov244

Ubilava m u~m Ublmano 137. 4fJ7 Ultman .444 U IIJUCCIUU 319 Ua:tid:eT 68, 193 Uneanu 16S lhhb1122 US.Uft0\198 Uldi 147 U.r.maft 402

Vqataian 4.38 Vafund 2$2 v IU'I SUe alt 1 30. 142 VaraJ)'i 19.5 Ve~v183

Verk 283 Videla lSl Vikll'laft 293 Viktoro• jCJ Vile!WD J9J Vlllup 2$'1 ViftO.pdav 447

lndeK of players

Ww 17S, 2l2 WaWa126 Walther 1)6, lSO we,tiJs 308

Welder 321 =========== Wbeat~ott 41 -W"tekd •n W"mtcr363 W"uu 42, Ul W"tai.DC'II'Sti 229 Witkow.W 32.4 WriJbt 14

YIDCMtyl:W Y11kiJtmaM 333 Yudllcvictt n

Zait.kio .366 Zai1xv • A '265 z..i*", S. lSO Zalesnu 41 Z.vada m l.nertM!y tl2 Zed t29 Z.moov 86 Zhavel ~' ZhdanoY 371 Z!wtavl~ 162. 2(,0 ~48.1St ZiM399 ~~79 Zolotarev S2 Zurakbov 28S

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