chp300
DESCRIPTION
CHP300. Content. Definition of Immunization Immunization Schedule Success of Immunization. Assessment of Success Factors Influencing Success. The Cold Chain. Definition of Immunization. skin. mucous membranes. Non specific. reflexes. sp. variation. race. genetic. anomalies. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CHP300
Content Definition of Immunization Immunization Schedule Success of Immunization
• Assessment of Success • Factors Influencing Success
The Cold Chain
Non specific
specific
skinmucous membranes
reflexes
genetic
sp. variation
race
anomalies
acquired
natural
passive ( transplacental )
active ( disease )
artificialactive
toxoidlive vacckilled vacc
passive homologous Abs
heterologous Abs
Resistance
Definition of Immunization
Artificially acquired specific resistance
Vaccine:
A suspension of attenuated live or killed
microorganisms or antigenic portion of
these agent presented to a potential host
to induce immunity and prevent disease.
Definitions
Toxoid:
A modified bacterial toxin that has
been made nontoxic but remains the
capacity to stimulate the formation of
antitoxin
Definitions
Antitoxin :
An antibody derived from the serum of
animals from stimulation with specific
antigen used to provide passive immunity
Definitions
Definitions
Immunoglobulin:
An antibody-containing solution derived from
human blood and used primary for
maintenance of immunity of immunodeficient
person or for passive immunization.
• Attenuated strain of M.bovis. • Site: intradermal. Safe in immunocompetent patient. 50 – 80%Protection against disseminated
tuberculosis and tuberculus meningitis 50% protection against pulmonary
tuberculosis in children and adults
BCG vaccine
IPV: trivalent inactivated poliovirus type
1,2 and 3
OPV : trivalent live attenuated poliovirus
type 1,2 and 3
Protection against Poliomyelitis
Poliov accine
• Vaccine administration• IPV = SC• OPV = PO
DPT = diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined to
a whole-cell pertussis.
DTaP = diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined
to a cellular pertussis vaccine
DT = for children <7yrs with contraindication to
pertussis Td = tetanus toxoid with1/3 -1/6 the dose of
diphtheria toxoid for individuals >7yrs• Site = IM
DTP
• Consist of a capsular polysaccharide
antigen conjugated to a carrier (doesn’t
protect against the disease)
• Protection against bacteremia, pneumonia,
and acute bacterial meningitis.
Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine
• Routine use of these vaccine has lead to
a 95% decline in invasive Hib disease in
infancy and young children.
• Vaccine administration :IM
• Indications:• Routine• All infant of HBsAg positive mother• All children and adolescents not immunized• High risk group: o Health workers.o Haemodialysis, bleeding disorders.o Travellers to endemic areas.
Hepatitis B vaccine
Introduction of pentavalent vaccine
• DPT• Hepatitis B• Hib
• Live attenuated viruses. measles and mumps
grown in chick embryo cell while rubella in
human diploid cells.
• Monovalent measles vaccine, rubella vaccine
and measles/rubella MR formulations are
available. Vaccine administration: SC
MMR
The varicella vaccine is a
live (attenuated) virus administered to
protect against chickenpox
Given subcutaneously (under the skin).
Two doses are always recommended
Varicella Vaccine
Quadrivalent (Serogroups A, C, W-135 and
Y)
MCV4 is administered intramuscularly.
MCV4
Rota VV Live attenuated
Given orally in 2 doses
Immunization Schedule
KSA ( most resent)
Birth
2 mo
4 mo
6 mo
9 mo
12 mo
18 mo
24 mo Schoolentry
BCG
DTaP1
DTaP2
DTaP3
Measles1(mono)
M2MR1
DTaPB1
HepAV2
DTaPB2
HepBV1
HibV1
HibV2
HibV3
OPV4
HibVB
OPVB2
IPV1
IPV2
IPV/OPV3
OPVB1
M4MR3 Varicella2
HepBV2
HepBV3
HepBV4
HepAV1
PCV1
PCV2
PCV3
PCVB
/Td
Rota
Rota
MCV4
MCV4
Varicella1 M3MR2
vaccineinformation.org
- Coverage- Seroconversion
Success of Immunization
Assessment of Success
- Parents
- Staff
- Vaccine
Factors Influencing Success
KAPAvailability
CommitmentSkill
EfficacyStability
Success of Immunization
( H.E. )( √ )
( Selection )( Training )
( Choice )( Cold Chain )
It is a temperature-controlled supply chain. It is
a system of storage , transport and distribution
of vaccines at a low temperature from
manufacturer to the actual vaccination site.
range
Cold chain
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ManufacturerGround
TransportAirport Airplane
Airport
Terminal
Intermediate
Stops&Transfers
Distributor’sWarehouse
ConsumerOutlet
Consumer
Pharma / Biotech Cold Chain
Destination
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