Chp.01: Principles of GovernmentIn this space, you will create a visual representation of what you have

learned in the notes that follow on pages 02-09. You will be graded on your use of space, color and perceived effort – not on artistic ability.

p. 01

Objectives p. 02

Students Will Be Able To:a. define government and the state

b. classify governments according to three sets of characteristics c. understand the concepts and foundations of democracy

Essential Understandings p. 02

1. All states have the same four characteristics.2. Concepts of democracy define and shape the meaning of citizenship.

3. Governments come in many different forms

Essential Questions p. 02

1 What four characteristics make up a state?2 What concepts define the meaning of democracy as expressed in the United States constitutional system?3 What three questions help classify governments?

What is Government p. 03Section 1: Government and the State

1. 1)Government - the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies2. 2)Public Policies - those things a government decides to do3. Three kinds of power

a. 3)legislative power - the power to make laws and to frame public policiesb. 4)executive power - the power to execute, enforce, and administer lawc. 5)judicial power - the power to interpret laws, to determine their meaning and to settle

disputes4. 6)Constitution - the body of fundamental laws setting out the principles, structures and

processes of a government5. the purpose of our government can be found in the Preamble to the US Constitution6. 7)Politics - the process by which a society decides how power and resources will be

distributed within that society

Capitol Building in D.C.

Legislative Branch

Executive Branch

Judicial Branch

U.S. Constitution

The Four Characteristics of the State p. 03Section 1: Government and the State

1. 8)Population – a state must have people

a. Vatican is the least populated state - less than a 1,000 peopleb. 9)China is the world's most populous state - 1.3 billion peoplec. United States is 10)third most populous state - 305 million people

2. 11)Territory – recognized boundariesa. Vatican is the smallest state - less than a quarter of a square mileb. 12)Russia( is the world's largest state - 6.6 million square miles

c. United States has 3,787,425 square miles (13)third largest in the world)3. 14)Sovereignty –a has supreme and absolute power within its own territory and can decide its

own foreign and domestic policiesa. the only characteristic that distinguishes a state from a lesser political unit

4. 15)Government –necessary to avoid chaos and confusion

Population

Territory

Government

Questions

1. Is Broad Run High School a state?2. Is Virginia a state?

Four Theories of the Origin of the State p. 03Section 1: Government and the State

1. 16)Force Theory – when a person or group of people claim control of an area and force the people in

that area to their rule2. 17)Evolutionary Theory – developed naturally out of the family3. 18)Divine Right Theory – the right to rule came directly from God's consent4. 19)Social Contract Theory – people give up rights to the government for certain services; a voluntary act

of free peoplea. 20)Thomas Hobbes - claimed without authority there is chaos; people 21)do not have the right

to break the agreement; believed the best form of government was a 22)monarchyb. 23)John Locke - people are born with 24)natural rights; the people 25)have the right to

overthrow an unjust government

Force Theory

Evolutionary Theory

Divine Right Theory

Thomas Hobbes

John Locke

Democracy p. 05Section 2: Forms of Government – Who Can Participate?

1. the 26)people hold the sovereign powera. 27)Abraham Lincoln - "government of the people, by the people, for the people"

2. 28)direct democracya. will of the people is made into public policy directly by the people themselves in mass meetingsb. can only work in small communities

3. 29)indirect democracy (representative)a. the people elect representatives and give them the power to conduct the daily activities of

government and make lawsb. representatives are responsible to the people and are held accountable for their

conduct at periodic elections 4. 30)republic – the people hold sovereign power

Abraham Lincoln

Town Hall Meeting

Indirect Democracy

What kind of democracy does the US have?

Why can’t we have a direct democracy?

Dictatorship p. 05Section 2: Forms of Government – Who Can Participate?

1. those who rule are not held responsible to the will of the people - 31)authoritarian2. 32)autocracy - rule by one

a. only a few in existence today - Libya, Saudi Arabia3. 33)oligarchy - power is held by a small, usually self-appointed elite4. most dictatorial regimes are militaristic5. some dictatorships will hold elections that are closely monitored with candidates from only one

political party6. an elected legislature may exist, but it is controlled by the dictator

Unitary Government p. 05Section 2: Forms of Government – What is the Geographic Distribution of

Power?

1. all power rests with the national government (34)most governments in the world)2. could be a democracy - like 35)Great Britain3. local governments may exist, but the national government could dismiss them at any time

Federal Government p. 05Section 2: Forms of Government – What is the Geographic Distribution of

Power?

1. power is divided between the 36)national and 37)local levelsa. cannot be changed by the local or national governments acting alone

2. there are only about 25-30 states with this type of governmenta. 38)United States, Canada and Mexico are examplesb. the US National Government is centered in Washington D.C., but each of the 50 states has

their own government that cannot be dismissed at the national level

Confederate Government p. 07Section 2: Forms of Government – What is the Geographic Distribution of

Power?

1. an alliance of states in which the confederate government handles issues that the member states assigns it

2. allows different states to cooperate yet maintain their own identities3. the 39)European Union is the closest example of a confederacy today

Presidential Government p. 07

Section 2: Forms of Government – What is the Relationship Between Legislative and Executive Branches?

1. the legislative (makes the laws) and executive (enforces the laws) branches are independent and coequal to one another

a. 40)voters(p.15) choose who is in the legislative branch

b. 41)voters(p.15) choose who is in the executive branch and the chief executive

2. the two branches have powers that can block each other3. the U.S. is the leading example

Parliamentary Government p. 07

Section 2: Forms of Government – What is the Relationship Between Legislative and Executive Branches?

1. the chief executive (prime minister or premier) and his cabinet are part of the legislative brancha. 42)voters choose the legislative branch (parliament)b. 43)parliament chooses the chief executive and his cabinet (often called "the government"

and are from the majority party)2. if the parliament defeats the prime minister and his cabinet on an important issue, the

government may receive a "vote of no confidence"a. usually all seats in parliament go before the voters in a general election

3. avoids deadlock between the executive and legislative, but there is no system of checks and balances

4. 44)majority of governments in the world are parliamentary governmentsa. Britain, Canada, Japan

Foundations p. 07Section 3: Basic Concepts of Democracy

1. 45)Worth of the Individuala. often we are required to do things we don't want to for the good of the manyb. but the many are the individuals that make up a society

2. 46)Equality of All Personsa. "all men are created equal"b. equality of 47)opportunityc. equality before the lawd. no person should be held back because of race, color, religion, or gender

Foundations …continued p. 09Section 3: Basic Concepts of Democracy

3. 48)Majority Rule, Minority Rightsa. democracy argues that a majority of the people will be right more often than they'll be

wrongb. they don't always come up with the "best" or "right" answers, but will at least come up

with a satisfactory answerc. a majority can crush its opposition, so it is restrained by the minority's rights; there are

certain rights that can never be taken awayd. the majority needs to recognize the right of any minority to become the new majority

Foundations …continued p. 09Section 3: Basic Concepts of Democracy

4. 49)Necessity of Compromisea. democracy insists that everyone is equalb. with a society that is made up of many different opinions and interests, how can the

people make public decisions without compromise?c. most public questions can be answered several different ways

5. 50)Individual Freedoma. cannot have absolute freedomsb. "The right to swing my fist ends where the other man's nose begins."

- Justice Oliver Wendell Holmesc. need to find a balance between freedoms of the individual and the rights of society

Compromise

Democracy and the Free Enterprise System p. 09Section 3: Basic Concepts of Democracy

1. How the System Worksa. 51)free enterprise - characterized by the private ownership of capital goods, investments

made by private decision, and success or failure determined by competition in the market place

b. free enterprise = capitalismc. law of 52)supply and demand – if the people demand something, the manufacturers will

produce it2. Government and the Free Enterprise System

a. 53)mixed economy - an economy in which private enterprise exists in combination with a considerable amount of government regulation and promotion

b. protect the public and to preserve private enterprise3. Democracy and the Internet

a. can be a useful toolb. information is not regulated

Ford Escape Hybrid

Toyota San Diego

Honda Civic Hybrid

GMC Tahoe Hybrid

How is the United States government involved in the economy?