CHP in a windy system

Fabian Levihn

R&D Manager at Fortum Värme

Research fellow at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

fabian.levihn@fortum.com

Stockholm district heating networkHeat: 4.8 GW, 12 TWh anually

Cooling: 220 MW, 450 GWh

anually

Heating storage: 200 MW,

1800 MWh

Cooling storage: 55MW, 400

MWh

4 larger utilities cooperates:

-Fortum Värme

-Söderenergi

-Norrenergi

-E.On.

68oC normal supply

60oC in low temp areas

115oC along distributional

highways.

41oC average return temp

Maximum ashived ∆t in

distribution during 2015 was

78oC

Network losses about 9%

Fittja

IGELSTA

HÖGDALEN

HAMMARBY

Lidingö

HMC

Orminge

Årsta

Skogås

Farsta

VÄRTAN

Akalla

HÄSSELBY

BRISTA

Järfälla Sollentuna

LFV/Arlanda

Sollentuna/Rotebro

Vilunda

Norrenergi

Figure made by Fabian Levihn with data from SVK

Figure made by Fabian Levihn with data from SVK

Figure made by Fabian Levihn with data from SVK

Supply and Demand

©Fabian Levihn, levihn@kth.se

P

Q

S

D

Market price

Quantity produced/sold

Bottom-up supply curve

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000

SEK/MW

MW

Electric power, supply curve

High renewables

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000

SEK/MW

MW

Electric power, supply curve

Nuclear/CHP revision, low renewable High renewables

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000

SEK/MW

MW

Electric power, supply curve

Nuclear/CHP revision, low renewable High renewables

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000

SEK/MW

MW

Electric power, supply curve

Nuclear/CHP revision, low renewable High renewables

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000

SEK/MW

MW

Electric power, supply curveInfluence of EU ETS on spot price

High renewables

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000

SEK/MW

MW

Electric power, supply curveInfluence of EU ETS on spot price

High renewables

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000

SEK/MW

MW

Electric power, supply curveInfluence of EU ETS on spot price

High renewables

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

1750

2000

2250

2500

2750

3000

3250

3500

3750

4000

4250

4500

4750

5000

5250

5500

5750

6000

6250

6500

6750

7000

7250

7500

7750

8000

8250

8500

8750

Heat

Po

wer

[MW

]

Fossile-oil HOBs

Wood chips CHP, KVV8

Waste CHP, Högdalen 1-4 and 6, Brista B2

Coal/Bio CHP, closed 2022

Rejected waste / bio CHP, IKV

Heat Pumps

Bio pellets CHP, Hässelby 1-3

Solid bio HOBs, and turbine bypass

Bio-oil HOBs

Wood chips CHP, B1

Wind power and CHP, general boundary conditions

23

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

-16-14-12-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28

% of Installed Capcaity

Temperature in Celsius

Share of installed capacity windpower in relation toair temperature in Stockholm

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

-3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000

Frequency

∆MW

1h change

12h change

Acceleration of wind power

NPE – Net Power Export

NPE describes if we are a net producer

or net consumer of electric power.

Theoretically, NPE in our system could

range from -594 to +586 MW of electric

power.

Basically, NPE is calculated by adding

production to the consumption of

electric power.

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

NPE [MW]

Time [h]

NPE – Net Power Export

NPE describes if we are a net producer

or net consumer of electric power.

Theoretically, NPE in our system could

range from -594 to +586 MW of electric

power.

Basically, NPE is calculated by adding

production to the consumption of

electric power.

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

NPE [MW]

Time [h]

NPE and electricity spot price during January 2016

-2200

-1700

-1200

-700

-200

300

800

1300

1800

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

KVV1

KVV6

HÄV G3

HÄV G2

HÄV G1

BRI G1

BRI G2

HDV G6

HDV G1

SE3

NPE

[MW]

SE3 price

SEK / MWh

SEK : £

1:11

Slutsatser

• Många faktorer talar för att lönsamheten i flexibilitet ökar i framtiden

• Kraftvärme/värmepumps combo är troligtvis väl anpassat för framtiden

• Termiska lager konkurrenskraftigt mot andra alternativ och bryter tidsberoendet mellan el och värmeproduktion/konsumtion

• MEN kan vara svårt med lönsamhet på kort sikt, även om konkurrenskraftiga alternativ är få.

• behov av fungerande marknadsmodeller

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