chinese symbols & puns

8/19/2019 Chinese Symbols & Puns

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Visual and Spoken Puns

One of the peculiarities of the Chinese language is that it has a very large number of

written characters but a much smaller number of spoken sounds. As a result, many

Chinese characters share the same pronunciation, i.e. are homonyms.

The charms of the Ming (1368 - 1644 AD) and Qing (Ch'ing) (1644 - 1911 AD)

dynasties, in particular, frequently took advantage of this characteristic. The charms

may use depictions of animals, plants and other objects to substitute for other words

because of their similarity in pronunciation, even though they may not have any other

relationship to what is being expressed. This is what I mean by a hidden or implied

meaning or visual pun, and what the Chinese refer to as auspicious or lucky pictures

( jixiangtuan 图 ).

A more technical term would be a rebus.

Chinese Symbols and Their Meanings

Since a fundamental difference between old Chinese coins and charms has to do with

the use of symbols, a basic understanding of the language of the symbols is needed to

fully appreciate Chinese charms. Listed below, in alphabetical order, is a

comprehensive list of objects that include those which have become symbols because

of their similar pronunciation to auspicious Chinese words.

Also included are otherobjects frequently seen on charms which have become symbols due to mythology,

history or cultural associations.

Apple An apple can be a visual pun for peace because the Chinese word for

apple ( pingguo ) and the word for peace ( pingan ) are both

pronounced ping.

A persimmon (shi

) paired with an apple ( pingguo

) forms therebus "may your matters (shi ) be safe ( pingan )".

Apricot An apricot grove, or field of apricots, is a symbol for success in the

imperial examination system because the very first celebration honoring

successful candidates allegedly took place in an apricot grove.

http://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#examination_systemhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#apricothttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#persimmonhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#examination_systemhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#examination_systemhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#apricothttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#apricothttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#persimmonhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#persimmon


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Axe (axe

head)

The axe ( fu ) has the same pronunciation as "happiness" ( fu ) and as

a weapon symbolizes power and the ability to punish.

The axe head is also one of the Twelve Imperial Symbols.

The axe is also the symbol of Lu Ban (鲁) who is known as the God of

Carpenters.In Buddhism, the axe symbolizes the destruction of evil.

The axe can also refer to a marriage matchmaker.

Bamboo Bamboo symbolizes the ideals of a Confucian scholar because both are

perceived as upright, strong and resilient while still being gentle, graceful

and refined.

Bamboo also represents the ideals of the Taoists (Daoists) because it can

bend during the worst weather but not break.

The bamboo is a member of the Three Friends in Winter.Bamboo depicted on a charm is also a pun because the Chinese word for

bamboo ( zhu ) and the Chinese word for "to wish" or "to

congratulate" ( zhu ) are pronounced the same.

Because it has a "hollow center" (kong xu ), bamboo also symbolizes

"modesty" (qian xu 谦) because the second character for both has the

same pronunciation ( xu).

Bamboo was traditionally used to frighten away evil spirits, such as themythical beast Nian (), because when placed in a fire it would create a

loud crackling sound similar to firecrackers.

A charm with the bamboo symbol may be seen at Liu Hai and the Three-

Legged Toad.

Bamboo tallies, a type of token currency that circulated in parts of

eastern China during the late Qing Dynasty and early Republican period,

are discussed in detail at Bamboo Tallies.

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Bat A picture of a bat ( fu ) can be a visual pun for "good fortune" or

happiness ( fu ) because both characters are pronounced fu. Often the

bat is shown flying upside down because the character (dao ) for

"upside-down" and the character (dao ) meaning "to have arrived" areboth pronounced dao. Therefore, if a person were to say "the bat is

flying upside down" a listener could just as easily hear this as "happiness

has arrived" which, of course, has a very auspicious connotation. (View

charms with"upside down" bat and eight treasures, Zhong Kui, Zhong

Kui, Liu Hai, and deer.)

Additionally, "a bat descending from the sky" ( fuzi tianlai )

sounds exactly like "happiness descends from heaven" ( fuzi tianlai

).

Two bats facing each other mean double good fortune or happiness.

Some charms display five bats which stand for the "Five Blessings",

namely longevity, wealth, health and composure, virtue, and the desire to

die a natural death in old age. (View five bat charm.)

A very popular design found in many traditional Chinese houses consists

of five bats surrounding the Chinese character for "longevity" (shou)

which represents the expression wu fu peng shou ( ) or "five

fortunes surround longevity". (See Chinese House and Open Work

Charms)

A Chinese charm or coin with a square central hole is sometimes referred

to as an "eye coin" ( yanqian 钱). The Chinese word for coin or money

(qian 钱) is pronounced the same as the word for "before" (qian ).

Therefore, a picture of a bat ( fu ) on ( zai ) an "eye coin" ( yanqian

钱) creates a visual pun since saying there is a "bat on the coin" ( fu zai

yan qian) sounds exactly like saying "happiness is before your eyes" ( fu

zai yan qian ).

Bats live in caves which represent portals to the beyond.

http://primaltrek.com/openwork.html#bat_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/house.html#wu_fu_peng_shouhttp://primaltrek.com/house.html#wu_fu_peng_shouhttp://primaltrek.com/house.html#wu_fu_peng_shouhttp://primaltrek.com/gourd.html#large_gourd_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/openwork.html#bat_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/openwork.html#bat_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/openwork.html#bat_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/openwork.html#bat_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/house.html#wu_fu_peng_shouhttp://primaltrek.com/house.html#wu_fu_peng_shouhttp://primaltrek.com/gourd.html#large_gourd_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/gourd.html#large_gourd_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#five_blessingshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#five_blessingshttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#deer_bat_pinehttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#deer_bat_pinehttp://primaltrek.com/liuhai.html#liu_hai_1http://primaltrek.com/liuhai.html#liu_hai_1http://primaltrek.com/daoist.html#zhong_kuihttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.html#zhong_kuihttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.html#zhong_kuihttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.html#zhong_kuihttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#zhong_kuihttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#zhong_kuihttp://primaltrek.com/eighttreasures.html#deer_and_upside_down_bathttp://primaltrek.com/eighttreasures.html#deer_and_upside_down_bathttp://primaltrek.com/bagua.html#ruyi_bat_peaches_coinhttp://primaltrek.com/bagua.html#ruyi_bat_peaches_coin


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Bear The bear ( xiong ) is not often depicted on Chinese charms and amulets

but it is a powerful animal that the Chinese believe can invoke fear in

evil spirits just as well as humans.

However, the bear is sometimes shown with an eagle because eagle or

hawk ( ying 鹰) and bear ( xiong ) together sound just like the word

"hero" ( yingxiong ).

Boar See entry for pig below.

Bran Bran (wheat bran) is an auspicious fertility symbol at marriages because

its pronunciation ( fu zi ) sounds the same as "rich son" ( fu zi )

thus representing the wish that the couple will produce children who will

become wealthy.

Buddha's

Hand

See entry for citron below.

Butterfly The butterfly is a symbol of long life because the second character in

butterfly (hudie ) has exactly the same pronounciation as the

character (die) which means "70 or 80 years of age".

The butterfly also signifies joy and warmth.

Cabbage The cabbage (baicai or qingcai ) is a symbol for wealth

because it has the same pronunciation as the word "money" or

"wealth" (cai 财).

Calamus

(Sweet

Flag)

Calamus (chang pu ), also known as "sweet flag", is a plant with

long and stiff leaves which resemble swords.

Since swords provide protection, hanging calamus above gates and doors

is believed to help protect from evil spirits, disease and misfortune.

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Carp The carp fish is a commonly seen visual pun because the Chinese

character for carp (li 鲤) is pronounced the same as both the character (li

) for "profit" and the character (li ) for "strength" or "power".

The carp is also a symbol for an abundance of children because it

produces many eggs.A pair of carp symbolizes a harmonious marriage.

A frequently seen image is of a carp swimming and leaping against the

current of a river to reach the spawning grounds. This refers to the

legend (liyutiaolongmen 鲤鱼龙门) that a carp which is able to leap

over the mythical "Dragon Gate" will become a dragon. This is an

allegory for the persistent effort needed to overcome obstacles.

See a carp fish charm at Fish Charms.

The carp used for medicine was the quest in a famous story of WangXiang and filial piety.

See a reference to the carp/dragon allegory and the horns of Kuixing

(God of Examinations) at Auspicious Inscriptions.

Additional information can be found at the entry for fish below.

Cassia

(Cinnamo

n)

The cassia is an evergreen plant with bright yellow flowers that is

sometimes incorrectly referred to as Chinese cinnamon.

The cassia is closely associated with the myth of Chang'e ("Moon

Goddess") and the "Moon Hare" ("Jade Rabbit").In Chinese, cassia ( gui ) has the same pronunciation as the word for

"high rank" ( gui 贵).

Cassia and peaches together represent "high rank" and "longevity".

Cassia and seeds (lotus, pomegranate, gourd) together expresses the

desire for many sons who will achieve high office.

The cassia represents success in the imperial examination system which

is explained in detail at Auspicious Inscriptions.

See also "Cassia and Orchid" Charm.

http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/10/24/cassia-and-orchid-charm/http://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#lotushttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#pomegranatehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#pomegranatehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#pomegranatehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#gourdhttp://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/10/24/cassia-and-orchid-charm/http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/10/24/cassia-and-orchid-charm/http://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#cassia_branchhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#cassia_branchhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#gourdhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#gourdhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#pomegranatehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#pomegranatehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#lotushttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#lotushttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#peachhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#peachhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#cassia_branchhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#cassia_branchhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#cassia_branchhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#cassia_branchhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#fishhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#fishhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#kuixinghttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#kuixinghttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#kuixinghttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#kuixinghttp://primaltrek.com/confucian.html#wang_xianghttp://primaltrek.com/confucian.html#wang_xianghttp://primaltrek.com/confucian.html#wang_xianghttp://primaltrek.com/confucian.html#wang_xianghttp://primaltrek.com/fish.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/fish.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#dragonhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#dragonhttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#dragon_gatehttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#dragon_gate


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Castanets A symbol that resembles an "X" is sometimes found on Chinese charms.

This is actually a pair of wooden clappers or castanets crossed one over

the other.

The Chinese call these castanets or clappers yin yang ban ().

It is believed that castanets were originally derived from the narrowtablet (hu ) that an official would carry authorizing his access to the

imperial palace. Depending upon rank, these tablets were made of jade,

ivory, bamboo and shark's skin, or bamboo and jade.

The castanets are also the symbol associated with Cao Guojiu ( ),

one of the Eight Immortals.

A charm displaying a pair of castanets or yin yang ban may be seen at

Auspicious Inscriptions.

Cat The cat (mao ) symbolizes wishes for a long life because it has the

same pronunciation as the word for an 80 year old or

"octogenarian" (mao ).

The cat is also the protector of silkworms because it can ward off and kill

mice and rats which attack these producers of silk thread.

See the cat at The Five Poisons.

Chestnut The Chinese word for chestnut (lizi

) sounds exactly like saying"establishing" (li ) "sons" or "children" ( zi ) and therefore is a good

luck symbol for creating a family.

The Chinese refer to the eight-sided holes found on many Tang and Song

Dynasty coins as flower or chestnut holes.

The first character in chestnut (li ) sounds the same as "etiquette" or

"manners" (li ) and symbolizes those qualities in women.

Chopsticks

Chopsticks (kuai z i ) symbolize the hope for newlyweds to havechildren quickly because the pronunciation is the same as "fast" (kuai

) "sons" ( zi ). (See Chinese Marriage.)

http://primaltrek.com/marriage.html#bride_homehttp://primaltrek.com/marriage.html#bride_homehttp://primaltrek.com/marriage.html#bride_homehttp://primaltrek.com/marriage.html#bride_homehttp://primaltrek.com/flowerhole.html#auspicioushttp://primaltrek.com/flowerhole.html#auspicioushttp://primaltrek.com/fivepoisons.html#wudurev1http://primaltrek.com/fivepoisons.html#wudurev1http://primaltrek.com/silkworm.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/silkworm.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#jia_guan_jin_lu_2http://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#jia_guan_jin_lu_2http://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#eight_immortalshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#eight_immortals


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Chime

Stone

The chime stone (qing ) was a percussion musical instrument in

ancient China. Each chime stone was flat and shaped similar to a

chevron. A small hole at the top center allowed the stone to be hung

from a frame. The musical instrument consisted of a set of 8 to 24 of

these chime stones with each tuned to a different pitch.

When struckwith a mallet the chime stone produced a musical sound.

Since many chime stones were made of jade, the chime stone also

symbolizes wealth and riches.

The stone chime (qing ) has the same pronunciation, and thus the

hidden meaning, of to "congratulate" (qing 庆).

The chime stone is also considered one of the Eight Treasures.

See a charm displaying a chime stone at Auspicious Inscriptions.

Chrysanth

emum

The chrysanthemum signifies the tenth month of the lunar calendar.

The chrysanthemum, one of the Four Gentlemen, blooms late and in

facing the winter symbolizes people who maintain their virtue despite

adversity and temptation.

Chrysanthemum ( ju ) sometimes is a symbol for "forever" ( yong jiu

), and thus meaning "longevity", because of the similarity in

pronunciation. For the same reason, the chrysanthemum can also stand

for the number "nine" ( jiu ).

See the chrysanthemum symbol on an unusual charm at Chinese Boy

Charms.

Cicada The cicada is a symbol of rebirth and immortality because after surviving

underground for a long period of time it emerges and flies into the sky.

Citron or

Buddha's

Hand

The citron is a bright yellow lemon-like fruit with a thick rind and long

finger-like tendrils. Because it resembles the familiar hand position of

the Buddha, the citron has the auspicious Chinese name of foshou (

)which literally means "Buddha's Hand".

The name foshou sounds very similar to the words fu ( happiness) and

shou ( longevity) and therefore the citron is a symbol for "happiness

and longevity".

The citron is one of the "Three Abundances" (Three Plenties).

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Clouds Clouds, sometimes referred to as "auspicious clouds" ( xiangyun ),

represent the heavens and also "good luck" because the Chinese word for

cloud ( yun ) is pronounced the same as yun (运) meaning "luck" or

"fortune".

Its form often resembles the auspicious shape of the lingzhi "fungus of

immortality".

The cloud is a commonly seen design and when repeated in a pattern

symbolizes never-ending fortune.

For a comprehensive discussion of the relationship of the cloud, dragon,

star, and moon symbols please visit Charm Symbols: Star, Moon, Cloud

and Dragon.

Auspicious clouds may be seen on coins and charms at the following:

Auspicious Inscriptions, Chinese Coins with Charm Features, BuddhistCharms, Daoist Charms.

Coin Chinese coins are a potent symbol of wealth and prosperity.

The coin is one of the "Eight Treasures".

Ancient Chinese coins are round with a square hole in the middle which

reflects the Chinese view of the earth as square and the heavens as a

circle.

A coin (qian 钱) can be a visual pun for "before your eyes" because the

hole in the center is called an "eye" and the coin (qian) has the same

pronunciation as the word "before" (qian ).

An old word for coin is quan (). A pair of coins is shuang quan ()

which has the same pronunciation as "both complete" (shuang quan

).

See a charm incorporating a "pair of coins" as a visual pun or rebus at

Bagua Charms.

For a history, including images, of ancient Chinese coins and other forms

of money please visit Chinese Coins.

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Coral Coral (shanhu ) is included as one of the Eight Treasures and

symbolizes longevity and official promotion.

As a symbol of longevity, the Chinese have traditionally believed that

coral represents an "iron tree" (tieshu 铁树) that grew under the sea and

blossomed only once every hundred years.Red coral is considered particularly auspicious because the Chinese

believe the color red signifies good luck, good fortune, and happiness.

(See ribbons and fillets for more about the color red.)

Coral resembles deer antlers and deer are symbols of longevity.

Coral is also a symbol of official promotion because a coral button on the

hat identified one of the nine grades of government officials.

Crab The Chinese word for crab () and the Chinese word for harmony (协)

are both pronounced xie. The crab symbol is sometimes used on charms

which express a desire for peace such as the large tian xia tai ping (

) charm shown at Peace Coins and Charms.

The crab is also used to symbolize success in the imperial examination

system. This is because the Chinese word for the crab's shell ( jia ) has

the additional meaning of "first" as in achieving the highest score in the

examination to become a government official.

An example of a charm depicting a crab with this hidden meaning can be

seen at Eight Treasures.

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Crane The crane (he 鹤) is believed by the Chinese to live to a very old age and

therefore is a symbol of longevity.

The crane's white feathers also represent old age.

A crane standing alone can represent success in becoming a high

government official as seen on a charm at Pendant Charms.To see a crane on other old charms please visit Daoist (Taoist) Charms

and Auspicious Inscriptions.

Myths describe spirits and immortals as riding on cranes.

The souls of the dead are said to be carried to the heavens by cranes.

The image of the crane was embroidered on the robes of high

government officials.

Because the pronunciation (he) is the same as that for the word

"harmony" (he ), the crane is sometimes shown on charms to imply a

good and harmonious marriage.

(Nowadays, the "crane" is humorously referred to as the "national bird of

China". In this case, however, the "crane" refers to the large machines

used to lift heavy objects to the top of buildings as part of China's major

construction boom!)

Cypress Because the Chinese word for cypress (bai ) is pronounced the same as

the word for "one hundred" (bai ), the cypress is frequently paired with

other symbols to express "many" or "everything".

Cypress leaves were used in traditional Chinese weddings.

Date The date fruit or Chinese jujube ( zao 枣) conveys the meaning that

something is going to happen soon because it has the same pronunciation

as the word for "early" or "soon" ( zao ).

For this reason, dates were placed on bridal beds and the wood of the

date tree was used to construct beds for children.

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11/44

Deer Deer are among the most frequently seen animals on charms. The

Chinese character for deer is which is pronounced lu. The Chinese

character, which refers to the salary a government official receives, is

also pronounced lu. A picture of a deer is therefore expressing a wish for

a top government office with a high salary.

The Chinese believe the deer lives to a very great age and, as a result, has

become a symbol for long life.

The deer is traditionally believed to be the only animal able to find the

magical lingzhi fungus of immortality.

The deer is often seen by the side of Shou, the God of Longevity.

The deer often is used as a verbal pun to refer to the God of Prosperity

which has the same pronunciation (lu).

The deer as a symbol used on charms may be seen at the following:

MenPlow, Women Weave, Eight Treasures, and Auspicious Inscriptions.

Dog The dog (gou ) is one of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac.

Door

Gods

The Door Gods are images of two warriors, Shen Tu and Yu Lei, which

are hung on gates or doors to protect against evil spirits and misfortune.

See Peach Charms for more information on the Door Gods.

Images of the Door Gods on the gate of a traditional Chinese house may

be seen at The Chinese House, Good Fortune and Harmony with Nature.

Dragon The dragon (long 龙) is one of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac.

The dragon is believed to live in the mountains or in the seas and can fly

into the heavens.

Unlike the dragons of Europe, the Chinese dragon symbolizes

benevolence, prosperity, longevity and the renewal of life.

Ancient Chinese believed the dragon brought rain, good harvests and

fertility.

The dragon is the symbol of the emperor when it has five claws.

The dragon is yang and associated with the east and spring.

Conjoined dragon and phoenix represent the union of a man and a

woman.

For a more detailed discussion of the dragon symbol please see yinyang

and the five elements as the basis for star, moon, cloud and dragon

symbols.

Dragon charms with two dragons may be seen at: Open Work Charms

and Auspicious Inscriptions.

Charms with a dragon and phoenix may be seen at: Marriage Charms and

Auspicious Inscriptions.

http://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#wan_shi_ru_yihttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#tortoise_and_cranehttp://primaltrek.com/yinyangfiveelements.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/yinyangfiveelements.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/yinyangfiveelements.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#emperor_qianlonghttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#emperor_qianlonghttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#emperor_qianlonghttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#wan_shi_ru_yihttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#wan_shi_ru_yihttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#tortoise_and_cranehttp://primaltrek.com/yinyangfiveelements.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/yinyangfiveelements.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#wan_shi_ru_yihttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#wan_shi_ru_yihttp://primaltrek.com/marriage.html#dragon_and_phoenix_charmshttp://primaltrek.com/marriage.html#dragon_and_phoenix_charmshttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#tortoise_and_cranehttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#tortoise_and_cranehttp://primaltrek.com/openwork.html#dragon_charmshttp://primaltrek.com/openwork.html#dragon_charmshttp://primaltrek.com/yinyangfiveelements.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/yinyangfiveelements.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/yinyangfiveelements.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/yinyangfiveelements.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/yinyangfiveelements.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/yinyangfiveelements.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#emperor_qianlonghttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#emperor_qianlonghttp://primaltrek.com/zodiac.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/zodiac.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/house.html#door_godshttp://primaltrek.com/house.html#door_godshttp://primaltrek.com/peach.html#peach_woodhttp://primaltrek.com/peach.html#peach_woodhttp://primaltrek.com/zodiac.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/zodiac.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#jia_guan_jin_lu_reversehttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#jia_guan_jin_lu_reversehttp://primaltrek.com/eighttreasures.html#deer_and_upside_down_bathttp://primaltrek.com/eighttreasures.html#deer_and_upside_down_bathttp://primaltrek.com/silkworm.html#rice_and_silkworm_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/silkworm.html#rice_and_silkworm_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/silkworm.html#rice_and_silkworm_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/silkworm.html#rice_and_silkworm_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#god_of_prosperityhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#god_of_prosperityhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#god_of_longevityhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#god_of_longevityhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#lingzhihttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#lingzhi


12/44

Dragonfly The dragonfly (qingting ) represents the Confucian ideal of pureness

of character because its pronunciation is similar to the word for "pure" or

"clear" (qing ).

The dragonfly also symbolizes the season of summer.

Ducks

(Mandarin

Ducks)

Mandarin ducks ( yuanyang 鸳鸯 or xi ) are believed to mate for life

and, therefore, a pair of mandarin ducks symbolize fidelity, conjugal

affection, peace and prosperity.

Dumpling

s (jiaozi)

Chinese dumplings (with meat or vegetable stuffing) symbolize wealth or

riches because they are boat-shaped and thus resemble the silver ingots

or sycee used in ancient China as money.

The word dumpling ( jiaozi 饺) has the same pronunciation as the first

paper money ( jiaozi ) used in China which was during the early

Song Dynasty.

Ancient Chinese placed actual coins in dumplings with the wish that

whoever found the coins would enjoy prosperity and good luck.

Jiaozi has the hidden meaning of wishing for a large family because jiao

() means "to have sexual intercourse" and zi () means "son" or

"child".

Dumplings stuffed with dates express a hope for the "early" birth of sons.Dumplings resemble the crescent moon and a wish for a year of

abundance.

Eagle

(Hawk)

The eagle or hawk ( ying 鹰) symbolizes a "hero" ( ying xiong )

because the pronunciation is the same.

See also entry for bear above.

Egret See entry for heron below.

Eight (8) The number eight (ba

) is the most auspicious number because itspronunciation, particularly in southern dialects, is very similar to

"prosper" or "wealth" ( fa cai 发财).

http://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#heronhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#heronhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#bearhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#bearhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#moonhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#moonhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#datehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#datehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#coinhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#coinhttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#first_paper_moneyhttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#first_paper_moneyhttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#first_paper_moneyhttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#first_paper_moneyhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#silver_ingothttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#silver_ingothttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#silver_ingothttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#silver_ingothttp://primaltrek.com/confucian.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/confucian.html


13/44

Eight

Immortals

The Eight Immortals () are eight daoists who have attained

immortality and include:

1) Han Zhongli (汉钟离), also known as Zhongli Quan (锺离权), was a

Han Dynasty general and is usually shown carrying a feather fan which

he uses to revive the dead.

2) Lu Dongbin (吕宾), known f or his drinking and fighting abilities,

carries a demon-slaying sword. He also carries a fly whisk which he uses

to walk on clouds, fly to heaven, and sweep away ignorance.

3) Zhang Guolao (张) rides a donkey, sometimes seated backwards,

and carries a tube-shaped bamboo musical instrument called a yugu (鱼

).

4) Li Tieguai ( 铁), known as "Li with the iron crutch", is a crippled

beggar who carries a gourd filled with a magic elixir.

5) He Xiangu () is the only female in the group and usually

carries a kitchen ladle, lotus, peach or fly whisk. She is known for her

filial devotion, ability to resolve domestic disputes and is seen as thepatron of household management.

6) Han Xiangzi (韩) carries a flute and can predict the future and

make fruits and flowers grow out of season. He represents youth and is

seen as the patron of fortune-tellers.

7) Cao Guojiu () carries a ruyi sceptre or castanets which are two

long "clappers" thought to symbolize the ceremonial tables required foradmission to the imperial court. How he became an immortal is

described in the Ming Dynasty novel "Journey to the West".

8) Lan Caihe (蓝), depicted as a male or female or hermaphrodite,

usually holds a fruit/flower basket, a bowl or a flute and whose story is

also told in "Journey to the West".

http://primaltrek.com/gourd.html#monkey_kinghttp://primaltrek.com/gourd.html#monkey_kinghttp://primaltrek.com/house.html#zhang_guolaohttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#swordhttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.html#lu_dongbinhttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.html#lu_dongbinhttp://primaltrek.com/gourd.html#monkey_kinghttp://primaltrek.com/gourd.html#monkey_kinghttp://primaltrek.com/gourd.html#monkey_kinghttp://primaltrek.com/gourd.html#monkey_kinghttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#castanetshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#castanetshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#ruyihttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#ruyihttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#fly_whiskhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#fly_whiskhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#peachhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#peachhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#lotushttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#lotushttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#gourdhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#gourdhttp://primaltrek.com/gourd.html#li_tie_guaihttp://primaltrek.com/gourd.html#li_tie_guaihttp://primaltrek.com/house.html#zhang_guolaohttp://primaltrek.com/house.html#zhang_guolaohttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#fly_whiskhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#fly_whiskhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#swordhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#swordhttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.html#lu_dongbinhttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.html#lu_dongbinhttp://primaltrek.com/house.html#han_zhonglihttp://primaltrek.com/house.html#han_zhongli


14/44

Eight

Treasures

The "Eight Treasures" (babao ), also known as the "Eight Precious

Things" and the "Eight Auspicious Treasures", may consist of eight

ordinary symbols, the eight precious organs of the Buddha's body, the

eight auspicious signs, or the various emblems of the eight Taoist

Immortals.

The most commonly seen members of the Eight Treasuresinclude the coin, ruyi sceptre, coral, chime stone, lozenge, rhinoceros

horn, silver ingot and the flaming pearl.

In Buddhism, the Eight Treasures (Eight Auspicious Symbols) include

the lotus (purity/enlightenment), Wheel of the Dharma (knowledge),

treasure vase (wealth), conch shell (Buddha's thoughts), victory banner

(Buddha's teachings conquer all), endless knot (harmony), parasol

(protection) and fish pair (happiness in marriage).

Elephant The elephant is considered an auspicious animal because the Chinesecharacter for "elephant" ( xiang ) has the same pronunciation as the

Chinese word for "auspicious" or "lucky" ( xiang ).

The elephant is sometimes shown carrying a "treasure" vase (bao ping

) on its back. Since the word "vase" ( ping ) has the same

pronunciation as the word for "peace" ( pingan ), the implied

meaning is "may you have 'good luck' (elephant) and 'peace' (vase)"."Elephant Chess" ( xiangqi ), also known as "Chinese Chess", is an

ancient and popular board game. (Ancient "elephant chess" pieces may

be seen at "Old Chinese Chess Pieces".)

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15/44

Fish The Chinese character for fish ( yu 鱼) is pronounced the same as the

Chinese character for "abundance" or "surplus" ( yu ). The fish symbol

is, therefore, frequently associated with other symbols and Chinese

characters to symbolize the wish for "more" in the sense of "more" good

luck, good fortune, long life and children. (Please see images at AncientChinese Fish Charms and Chinese Open Work Charms.)

As an example, to express the wish for "having more happiness year after

year" a charm may use the Chinese character (nian) for year, and also

include a picture of a fish, a lotus and a magpie. The fish (yu 鱼)

represents "more" ( yu ). The character莲 for lotus and the character

连 meaning "in succession or one after another", as in expressing year

after year, are both pronounced lian.

The magpie ( xi que 鹊) ispronounced the same as happiness . So the fish, lotus, magpie and the

Chinese character (year) together would have the implied meaning of

"more" "happiness" "year after year".

Because of its reproductive abilities, the fish also represents fertility in

marriage.

Two fish, or a pair of fish (shuang yu 鱼), represent happiness in

marriage.While fish charms are fairly common, it is rare to find a fish symbol on a

real Chinese coin although one can be seen at Ancient Chinese Coins

with Charm Features.

See carp for additional information on the fish symbol.

http://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#carphttp://primaltrek.com/poemcoin.html#kang_xi_fish_engravinghttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#carphttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#carphttp://primaltrek.com/charmfeatures.html#zhi_bai_wu_zhuhttp://primaltrek.com/charmfeatures.html#zhi_bai_wu_zhuhttp://primaltrek.com/charmfeatures.html#zhi_bai_wu_zhuhttp://primaltrek.com/charmfeatures.html#zhi_bai_wu_zhuhttp://primaltrek.com/poemcoin.html#kang_xi_fish_engravinghttp://primaltrek.com/poemcoin.html#kang_xi_fish_engravinghttp://primaltrek.com/marriage.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/marriage.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#magpiehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#magpiehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#lotushttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#lotushttp://primaltrek.com/openwork.html#man_and_fish_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/openwork.html#man_and_fish_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/fish.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/fish.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/fish.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/fish.html


16/44

Five

Blessings

(Happines

ses, Good

Fortunes)

According to the ancient Chinese classic the "Book of History" (shujing

书经 or shangshu 书), also known as the "Classic of History", there

are "Five Blessings" (wufu ), also known as the "Five Happinesses"

or "Five Good Fortunes", which refer to longevity (shou ), wealth ( fu

), health and composure (kangning ), virtue ( xiu hao de ),

and the desire to die a natural death in old age (lao zhong ming 终).

Popular among the Chinese people is another set of "five blessings"

which consists of good fortune ( fu ), government official salary (lu

), longevity (shou ), joy ( xi ) and valuables or property (cai 财).

The "Five Blessings" can be represented by five bats as seen at Gourd

Charms, Open Work Charms and Chinese House.

A charm with an inscription referring to the "Five Blessings" may be

seen at Auspicious Inscriptions.

Five

Poisons

The five poisons (), also known as the "Five Poisonous Creatures",

refer to five poisonous animals which usually include the snake,

scorpion, centipede, toad and spider.

Sometimes, the lizard replaces the spider.

The "three-legged toad" is frequently included as one of the five.The Chinese believe the five poisons counteract pernicious influences by

combating poison with poison.

Fly Whisk The fly whisk is a simple tool used to swat or sweep away flies.

The "fly whisk" became a symbol associated with certain Daoist (Taoist)

immortals and Buddhist deities which was used to "sweep away"

ignorance.

Lu Dongbin and He Xianghu, both members of the Eight Immortals, are

frequently depicted as carrying a fly whisk.Four

Blessings

The "four blessings" (si fu ) are happiness ( xi ), salary of a high

official (lu ), longevity (shou ), and good luck (good fortune) ( fu

).

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17/44

Four

Divine

Creatures

The Four Divine Creatures, also known as the Four Heraldic Animals,

Four Directional Animals, and Four Symbols (si xiang ), symbolize

the four directions and an associated season as follows: Vermillion (Red)

Bird ( zhuque ) south and summer; White Tiger (baihu ) west

and autumn;

Azure Dragon (qinglong 龙) east and spring; black

tortoise coiled around by a snake known as the Black Tortoise (Black

Warrior) ( xuanwu ) north and winter. (See also entries for "Tortoise"

and "Snake" below)

A coin displaying the four directions and the 28 mansions associated

with the Four Divine Creatures may be seen at Chinese Astronomy

Coins.

Four

Gentleme

n or Four

Plants of

Virtue

The Four Gentlemen (sijunzi ), also known as the Four Plants of

Virtue, include the plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum.

Each of these plants represents one of the seasons. The orchid represents

spring. The bamboo represents summer. The chrysanthemum represents

autumn and the plum represents winter.

The four plants together represent a year.

The plum and bamboo together signify friendship.

FourHappiness

Boys

A picture of two boys joined in a clever way to give the illusion thatthere are four boys. This "good luck" picture is frequently given to

newlyweds with the wish that they will have many children. The story

and history is explained at "Four Happiness Boys".

Four

Happiness

es

The "Four Happinesses" (si fu ) comes from a poem by Hong Mai

( 1123-1202) of the Song Dynasty:

1) "Sweet rain after a long drought" ( jiu han feng gan yu )

2) "Meeting an old friend in a faraway place" (ta xiang yu gu zhi 乡)

3) "The wedding night" (literally: "the night of lighting a candle in the

bridal chamber" (dong fang hua zhu ye 烛)

4) "Having one's name on the list of successful candidates of the imperial

examination" ( jin bang ti ming shi 题时)

The "Four Happinesses" is the theme of this old Chinese carved wooden

window.

http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/12/05/four-happinesses-window/http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/12/05/four-happinesses-window/http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/12/05/four-happinesses-window/http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/12/05/four-happinesses-window/http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/12/05/four-happinesses-window/http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/12/05/four-happinesses-window/http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/06/12/four-happiness-boys/http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/06/12/four-happiness-boys/http://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#chrysanthemumhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#chrysanthemumhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#bamboohttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#bamboohttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#orchidhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#orchidhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#plumhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#plumhttp://primaltrek.com/astronomy.html#four_divine_creatureshttp://primaltrek.com/astronomy.html#four_divine_creatureshttp://primaltrek.com/astronomy.html#four_divine_creatureshttp://primaltrek.com/astronomy.html#four_divine_creatureshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#snakehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#snakehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#tortoisehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#tortoisehttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.html#zhenwu_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.html#zhenwu_charm


18/44

Frog The frog (wa ) is a symbol of fertility because it has the same

pronunciation as the word for baby (wa ).

See also entry for toad.

Fu LuShou

Fu Lu Shou refers to the three Chinese deities of the God of Happiness(Fu), the God of Prosperity ( Lu), and the God of Longevity (Shou).

A "Fu Lu Shou" charm may be seen at Lock Charms.

Fungus

( Lingzhi) (Fungus of

Immortality

)

Lingzhi (), also known as the glossy ganoderma, is the sacred

fungus of immortality that grows on the trunks or roots of trees including

the pine.

The lingzhi does not decay like other fungus but instead becomes woody

and thus can survive for a long time. For this reason, it has become

associated with longevity.It was also believed to grow on the "Three Islands of the Immortals"

where immortals lived.

Deer are reputed to be the only animals able to find lingzhi. Deer and

crane are sometimes shown holding the lingzhi in their mouth.

To see a charm depicting the lingzhi, deer and pine, please visit Pendant

Charms.

Goat The goat is a reference to an ancient myth, discussed at Five Goat Coin,

concerning a great famine in Guangzhou (Canton), Guangdong Province.Please also see entry for sheep below.

God of

Examinati

ons (Star

of

Literature)

Kuixing () is known as the God of Examinations or the Star of

Literature. He was considered to have been influential in helping

candidates pass the imperial civil service examinations.

He is depicted as an ugly man (sometimes as a dwarf) with short horns,

and holding a writing brush in his right hand and a scholar's hat (or peck

measure) in his left. He is usually standing on the head of a large fish or

a mythical turtle known as ao (鳌).

The horns on his head represent success by alluding to the analogy of the

carp fish jumping over the mythical Dragon Gate and turning into a

dragon.

http://primaltrek.com/fish.html#dragon_gatehttp://primaltrek.com/fish.html#dragon_gatehttp://primaltrek.com/fish.html#dragon_gatehttp://primaltrek.com/fish.html#dragon_gatehttp://primaltrek.com/fish.html#dragon_gatehttp://primaltrek.com/fish.html#dragon_gatehttp://primaltrek.com/fish.html#dragon_gatehttp://primaltrek.com/fish.html#dragon_gatehttp://primaltrek.com/fish.html#dragon_gatehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#writing_brushhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#writing_brushhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#kuixinghttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#kuixinghttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#sheephttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#sheephttp://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/07/29/five-goat-coinhttp://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/07/29/five-goat-coinhttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#deer_bat_pinehttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#deer_bat_pinehttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#deer_bat_pinehttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#deer_bat_pinehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#cranehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#cranehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#deerhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#deerhttp://primaltrek.com/locks.html#three_immortalshttp://primaltrek.com/locks.html#three_immortalshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#god_of_longevityhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#god_of_longevityhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#god_of_prosperityhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#god_of_prosperityhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#god_of_happinesshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#god_of_happinesshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#god_of_happinesshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#god_of_happinesshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#toadhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#toad


19/44

God of

Happiness

(Fu), God

of Luck,

God ofGood

Fortune

and

Blessings

Fu (), which means good luck, fortune, blessings and happiness, refers

to the "God of Happiness" who was originally a heavenly star known as

the "Lucky Star" ( fuxing ). He is also known as the "God of Good

Fortune and Blessings" and as the "God of Luck".

Early Taoism (Daoism) had three gods known as the "Three

Officials" (sanguan ) or "Three Immortals". One was named the

"Heavenly Official who grants fortune" tianguancifu (赐) and it

was he who later became better known as the "God of Happiness".

A "Fu Lu Shou" and "Three Immortals" charm is at Ancient Chinese

Lock Charms.

God of

Longevity

(Shou)

Shou (), also referred to as Shou Lao (), the "Old Immortal of the

South Pole" (nanjixianweng ), and the "Longevity

Star" (shouxing ), is the God of Longevity and is usually shown as a

smiling old gentleman with a prominent forehead who holds a walking

stick and carries a peach (tao ). As his name implies, Shou symbolizes

a long life.

Longevity was important to Confucians because they believed that

wisdom came with age.

Longevity was important to Taoists (Daoists) because of their quest for

immortality.

Shou is one of the "Three Officials" (sanguan ) along with the God

of Happiness (Fu) and the God of Prosperity ( Lu).

See also Lock Charms.

http://primaltrek.com/locks.html#three_immortalshttp://primaltrek.com/locks.html#three_immortalshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#god_of_prosperityhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#god_of_prosperityhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#god_of_happinesshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#god_of_happinesshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#god_of_happinesshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#god_of_happinesshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#three_officialshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#three_officialshttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/confucian.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/confucian.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#peachhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#peachhttp://primaltrek.com/locks.html#three_immortalshttp://primaltrek.com/locks.html#three_immortalshttp://primaltrek.com/locks.html#three_immortalshttp://primaltrek.com/locks.html#three_immortalshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#three_officialshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#three_officialshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#three_officialshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#three_officialshttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.html


20/44

God of

Prosperity

( Lu), God

of Rank

andEmolume

nt

Lu (), also known as the God of Prosperity, the God of Rank and

Emolument, and the God of High Ranking Office, is usually shown

holding a ruyi ( ) which was originally a short sword with a sword-

guard used for self-defense or gesturing but now symbolizes good wishes

("may things go as you wish") and prosperity.

He is a member of the

Three Officials, also known as the Three Immortals.

He was originally a heavenly star known as the "Prosperity Star" (luxing

) and was believed to govern a person's success in a career.

The God of Prosperity is closely associated with the auspicious saying

"may office and salary be bestowed upon you" ( 进). Please see

the four character charm at Auspicious Inscriptions.

See also Lock Charms.

God of

Thunder

( Lei

Gong)

The God of Thunder ( Lei Shen ), also known as the Duke of

Thunder ( Lei Gong ), is the Daoist god responsible for punishing

humans who have committed certain crimes and evil spirits which have

harmed humans.

He uses a drum to create thunder.

Lei Gong is portrayed as being half eagle, with wings and a beak, and

half human.Many Daoist charms seek the assistance of the God of Thunder in

expelling evil influences and spirits, and bringing good fortune.

God of

War

(Guan Di

or Guan

Gong)

Guan Di (), also known as Guan Gong (), is the Daoist God of

War.

His real name was Guan Yu ().

He was originally a beancurd seller who joined forces with Liu Bei (刘

备) and became immortalized as a military hero during the period of the

Three Kingdoms (220-280 AD).

The God of War fights evil and is usually shown carrying a large

broadsword.

A Qing (Ch'ing) Dynasty coin is believed to provide protection from evil

because one of the Manchu characters in its inscription resembles the

broadsword of the God of War.

http://primaltrek.com/charmfeatures.html#yong_zheng_tong_bao_reversehttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#guan_yuhttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#guan_yuhttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#guan_yuhttp://primaltrek.com/charmfeatures.html#yong_zheng_tong_bao_reversehttp://primaltrek.com/charmfeatures.html#yong_zheng_tong_bao_reversehttp://primaltrek.com/charmfeatures.html#yong_zheng_tong_bao_reversehttp://primaltrek.com/charmfeatures.html#yong_zheng_tong_bao_reversehttp://primaltrek.com/charmfeatures.html#yong_zheng_tong_bao_reversehttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#guan_yuhttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#guan_yuhttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#guan_yuhttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#guan_yuhttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#liu_beihttp://primaltrek.com/chinesepapermoney.html#liu_beihttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/locks.html#three_immortalshttp://primaltrek.com/locks.html#three_immortalshttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#jia_guan_jin_lu_reversehttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#jia_guan_jin_lu_reversehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#three_officialshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#three_officialshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#ruyihttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#ruyi


21/44

God of

Wealth

(Cai Shen)

The God of Wealth (caishen 财) is a very popular Chinese deity whose

presence is thought to ensure wealth and success. He is depicted with a

long beard and wearing either an official's gown or military dress. He is

usually shown holding or being surrounded by symbols of wealth such as

coins, ingots, coral, etc.

He is often shown holding a sword in his righthand raised above his head and wearing a distinctive hat with ear flaps.

He is sometimes depicted as riding a black tiger.

A bamboo tally with an image of Cai Shen may be seen at Bamboo

Tallies.

Gods of

Peace and

Harmony

( Heheerxian)

These twin laughing immortals are known as the Gods of Peace and

Harmony, the Gods of Unity and Harmony, Hehe erxian (), the

Laughing Twins and the Gods of Mirth.

One twin is named Shi De () who usually holds a lotus.

The other

twin is Han Shan () who may hold a round box, ruyi sceptre, gourd,

coin, persimmon, etc.

They represent harmony and mirth and bestow blessings on marriages.

Goldfish The goldfish ( jinyu 鱼) is a symbol for wealth because its first

character ( jin ) means "gold" and its second character ( yu) sounds like

jade ( yu ).Goldfish also symbolize abundant wealth because the first character ( jin)

means gold and the second character ( yu) has the same pronunciation as

the word for "abundance" or "surplus" ( yu ).

See entry for fish above.

http://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#fishhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#fishhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#persimmonhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#persimmonhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#coinhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#coinhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#gourdhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#gourdhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#ruyihttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#ruyihttp://primaltrek.com/bamboo.html#cai_shenhttp://primaltrek.com/bamboo.html#cai_shenhttp://primaltrek.com/bamboo.html#cai_shenhttp://primaltrek.com/bamboo.html#cai_shenhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#tigerhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#tiger


22/44

Gourd The gourd is popular as a charm symbol to ward off evil spirits and

disease because its first character (hulu ) has the same pronunciation

as the word to "protect" or "guard" (hu 护) and also the word for

"blessing" (hu ).

In some dialects, the Chinese word for gourd (hulu ) sounds the

same as fulu ( ) which means "happiness and rank (as in attaining a

high government office)".

Trailing gourd vines are described in Chinese as man (). This character

can also be pronounced as wan and has the exact same pronunciation and

meaning as which means "10,000". Because the gourd contains many

seeds, the Chinese associate the gourd with "10,000 children".

In ancientChina, parents hoped for many sons and grandsons so the gourd became

an important symbol for a family with many children.

Additional information is provided at gourd charms.

Halberd The halberd ( ji ) is an ancient Chinese infantry weapon consisting of a

shaft with a spear and/or crescent-shaped blade on one end.

The Chinese word for "halberd" ( ji ) and the Chinese word for "lucky"

or "auspicious" () are both pronounced ji. A halberd is a visual pun or

rebus for "lucky" as can be see on an old seal script charm at Auspicious

Inscriptions.

The Chinese word for "halberd" ( ji ) also has the same pronunciation,

and thus is a pun, for the word "rank" or "grade" ( ji 级) as in reference to

an official position in the government.

Heron

(Egret)

The heron or egret can represent a "path" or "way" because the Chinese

word lu (鹭) has the same pronunciation as road or path (lu ).

The heron or egret (lu 鹭) can also symbolize wealth because the

pronunciation is the same as an "official's salary" (lu ).

http://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#eight_character_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#eight_character_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#eight_character_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#eight_character_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/gourd.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/gourd.html


23/44

Horse The horse (ma 马) is one of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac and

symbolizes speed, power and perseverance.

The horse is usually depicted as the bearer of good things. For example,

a galloping horse with several scrolls (the Yellow River Diagrams) tied

on its back represents the bringing of the origins of Chinese culture to thelegendary Chinese leader Fuxi.

The horse can be a symbol for the Mongols (Yuan Dynasty) because their

culture is strongly associated with the horse.

Please see Ancient Chinese Horse Coins for additional information.

Kitchen

God

(Zaojun)

Zaojun ( ), also known as Zaowang (), is the popular "Kitchen

God" or "Stove God" in charge of the household whose image is found in

almost all traditional Chinese homes.

Please see The Chinese House for a more detailed discussion of Zaojun.

Lion The lion is considered to be a brave and intelligent animal and thus

symbolizes power and majesty.

The Chinese word for lion (shi 狮) has the same pronunciation and can

be a visual pun or rebus for "teacher", "master", "tutor" or

"preceptor" (shi 师). For this reason, the lion can symbolize a high

government official because in ancient times there existed a "Senior

Grand Tutor" (tai shi 师) and a "Junior Preceptor" (shao shi 师).

An example of such a lion charm may be seen at Open Work Charms.

In general, a stone or bronze lion outside a residence or official building

acts as a guardian protecting the occupants from harm. Usually, there is

a pair of lions with a male playing with a ball and a female protecting her

cub. A pair of lions is considered to be auspicious and symbolizes

happiness and the wish for a successful and prosperous career.

The lion dance (shiziwu 狮) is an ancient and popular custom based

on the lion being considered an auspicious animal.

It is believed that if a

lion can be enticed to enter one's gate, the household will enjoy wealth

and treasures.

In Buddhism, the lion acts as a guardian of the faith and a symbol of

royal power.

Buddhist deities, such as Guanyin, are sometimes shown riding a lion as

a mount.

The lion can also represent the Buddha who, among his repeated births,

was born 10 times as a lion.

http://primaltrek.com/buddhist.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/buddhist.html#guanyinhttp://primaltrek.com/buddhist.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/buddhist.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/buddhist.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/buddhist.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/buddhist.html#guanyinhttp://primaltrek.com/buddhist.html#guanyinhttp://primaltrek.com/openwork.html#lionhttp://primaltrek.com/buddhist.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/buddhist.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/buddhist.html#guanyinhttp://primaltrek.com/buddhist.html#guanyinhttp://primaltrek.com/openwork.html#lionhttp://primaltrek.com/openwork.html#lionhttp://primaltrek.com/house.html#zaojunhttp://primaltrek.com/house.html#zaojunhttp://primaltrek.com/horse.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/horse.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/buddhist.html#hong_wu_charm_reversehttp://primaltrek.com/buddhist.html#hong_wu_charm_reversehttp://primaltrek.com/bagua.html#fu_xihttp://primaltrek.com/bagua.html#fu_xihttp://primaltrek.com/zodiac.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/zodiac.html


24/44

Liu Hai

and Three-

Legged

(Golden)

Toad

Liu Hai (刘) is one of the most popular members of the Chinese

pantheon of charm Taoist (Daoist) figures and represents prosperity and

wealth.

For detailed information concerning Liu Hai and the Three-Legged

(Golden) Toad please see the entry for "toad" below and also the webpage Liu Hai.

Longevity

Stone

Longevity Stones are strange-shaped rocks that are often shown next to

the fungus of immortality at the bottom of charms.

They convey the meaning of "long life" because of their age.

Lotus Because the Buddha is often depicted as seated on a lotus, the lotus is

considered a sacred Buddhist symbol (one of Eight Auspicious Symbols)

representing purity and detachment from worldly cares.

The lotus signifies the seventh month of the lunar calendar.The Chinese word for lotus is lianhua (莲) or hehua (). Lian is

also the pronunciation of the word for continuous (连) and he is also the

pronunciation for the word harmony () so the lotus has the hidden

meaning of "continuous harmony".

A lotus stem and lotus pod shown together symbolize marital harmony

and sexual union.

Lotus seeds (lianzi

莲

) have the hidden meaning of "continuous birthof children" because the lian sounds like "continuous" (连) and the zi has

the same pronunciation as the word for son or child ( zi ).

Examples of lotus charms can be seen at Open Work Charms, Pendant

Charms, Lock Charms, Marriage Charms, and Boy Charms.

http://primaltrek.com/boycharm.html#reversehttp://primaltrek.com/boycharm.html#reversehttp://primaltrek.com/marriage.html#marriage_charmshttp://primaltrek.com/marriage.html#marriage_charmshttp://primaltrek.com/locks.html#silver_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/locks.html#silver_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#jihttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#jihttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#jihttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#jihttp://primaltrek.com/openwork.html#lotus_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/openwork.html#lotus_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#eight_treasureshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#eight_treasureshttp://primaltrek.com/buddhist.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/buddhist.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/liuhai.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/liuhai.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#toadhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#toadhttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.html


25/44

Lozenge A lozenge ( fang sheng胜) is one of the Eight Treasures and is

considered a lucky object although the actually origin is still unclear.

It has a diamond shape and two lozenges are frequently interlocked to

represent the form of an ancient musical instrument.

It is said that this object was also used as a head ornament in ancienttimes and symbolizes victory. Taoist (Daoist) legend has it that the Queen

Mother of the West ( xiwangmu ) wore such an object to exorcise

evil spirits. (The legend further describes the Queen Mother of the West

as one who wore a heavy jade necklace, a dress made of mulberry leaves,

and had the teeth of a tiger.)

Two diamond-shaped lozenges interlocked together can represent two

hearts joined together and acting with one mind.

Lozenge charms may be seen at Eight Treasures, Pendant Charms, andCoin Inscriptions.

Magpie A magpie ( xi que 鹊) is frequently used to symbolize "happiness"

because the first character xi is the same word as happy ( xi ). If the

magpie is shown upside down, it means happiness has "arrived" because

the Chinese words for "upside down" () and "arrived" () are both

pronounceddao

.Two magpies facing each other symbolize "double happiness" (shuang xi

). (See charm at Coin Inscriptions.)

A pair of magpies also symbolize marriage. This is based on an ancient

legend concerning two heavenly lovers, the Oxherd and the Weaver Girl

(Weaving Maiden). The two are separated for eternity except for one day

each year (known as qixi , the Double Seven, or Sisters Festival)

when they are allowed to meet each other by crossing a celestial river on

a bridge made of magpies.One can say "there is a happy bird (magpie) on the tip of the plum

branch" as xi shang mei shao () which sounds exactly like

saying xi shang mei shao () which means "happiness up to

one's eyebrows". This expression means "very happy".

A charm illustrating this "happy expression" may be seen at Pendant

Charms.

A charm at Auspicious Inscriptions depicts a magpie, leopard andpomegranates as symbols with hidden meanings.

http://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#pomegranatehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#pomegranatehttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#xi_bao_san_yuanhttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#magpie_and_plumhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#xi_bao_san_yuanhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#xi_bao_san_yuanhttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#magpie_and_plumhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#pomegranatehttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#magpie_and_plumhttp://primaltrek.com/astronomy.html#The_Cowherd_and_the_Weaver_Girlhttp://primaltrek.com/coinlegend.html#tai_he_zhong_bao_magpie_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/coinlegend.html#tai_he_zhong_bao_magpie_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/coinlegend.html#tai_he_zhong_bao_magpie_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#pomegranatehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#pomegranatehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#tigerhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#tigerhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#xi_bao_san_yuanhttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#xi_bao_san_yuanhttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#magpie_and_plumhttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#magpie_and_plumhttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#magpie_and_plumhttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#magpie_and_plumhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#plumhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#plumhttp://primaltrek.com/astronomy.html#The_Cowherd_and_the_Weaver_Girlhttp://primaltrek.com/astronomy.html#The_Cowherd_and_the_Weaver_Girlhttp://primaltrek.com/marriage.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/marriage.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/coinlegend.html#tai_he_zhong_bao_magpie_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/coinlegend.html#tai_he_zhong_bao_magpie_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/coinlegend.html#tai_ping_tong_bao_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/coinlegend.html#tai_ping_tong_bao_charmhttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#eight_treasureshttp://primaltrek.com/loopcharms.html#eight_treasureshttp://primaltrek.com/eighttreasures.html#eight_treasure_no_inscriptionhttp://primaltrek.com/eighttreasures.html#eight_treasure_no_inscriptionhttp://primaltrek.com/peach.html#peach_and_longevityhttp://primaltrek.com/peach.html#peach_and_longevityhttp://primaltrek.com/peach.html#peach_and_longevityhttp://primaltrek.com/peach.html#peach_and_longevityhttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#eight_treasureshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#eight_treasures


26/44

Mirror Mirrors in China symbolize good fortune and are believed to protect

against evil spirits.

Traditional marriage gifts included a bronze mirror (tong jing 铜镜) and

shoes ( xie ) because the words combined express "together and in

harmony" (tongxie 谐).

The mirror can be included as one of the Eight Treasures. (See Liu Hai

charm.)

Bronze mirrors with Daoist "magic writing" characters are discussed at

Chinese Daoist Mirrors.

Money

Tree

The Chinese "money tree" ( yao qian shu 摇钱树) is a legendary tree

from which coins fall down when shaken.

The legends, history, archaeological discoveries and images of money

trees are discussed in detail at Chinese Money Trees and Xian

Numismatic Museum.

Monkey The monkey (hou ) is one of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac.

The monkey is frequently seen as a visual pun for the Chinese inscription

ma shang feng hou (马风) where a monkey is shown riding on a

horse. The first two characters of the inscription (ma shang) mean "on

the horse" but also mean "at once". The third character ( feng ) means

"wind" (breeze) but the Chinese for "to grant a title" is also pronounced feng (). The fourth character (hou) means "monkey" but another

character with the same pronunciation (hou ) means "a marquis (i.e. a

high official)". Therefore the picture of a monkey on a horse is a visual

pun or rebus for the wish for an immediate promotion in official rank.

A similar rebus consists of a monkey and a deer as can be seen on a

charm at Auspicious Inscriptions.

The Monkey King (Sun Wukong孙) is a popular character in the

famous Ming Dynasty novel the "Journey to the West" ( Xiyouji 记).

http://primaltrek.com/gourd.html#monkey_kinghttp://primaltrek.com/gourd.html#monkey_kinghttp://primaltrek.com/gourd.html#monkey_kinghttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#jia_guan_jin_lu_2http://primaltrek.com/gourd.html#monkey_kinghttp://primaltrek.com/gourd.html#monkey_kinghttp://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#jia_guan_jin_lu_2http://primaltrek.com/auspicious.html#jia_guan_jin_lu_2http://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#horsehttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#horsehttp://primaltrek.com/zodiac.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/zodiac.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/09/27/xian-numismatic-museum/http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/09/27/xian-numismatic-museum/http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/09/27/xian-numismatic-museum/http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/09/27/xian-numismatic-museum/http://primaltrek.com/moneytree.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/moneytree.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/07/03/chinese-daoist-mirrors/http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/07/03/chinese-daoist-mirrors/http://primaltrek.com/liuhai.html#liu_hai_rev_1http://primaltrek.com/liuhai.html#liu_hai_rev_1http://primaltrek.com/liuhai.html#liu_hai_rev_1http://primaltrek.com/liuhai.html#liu_hai_rev_1http://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#eight_treasureshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#eight_treasureshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#shoeshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#shoeshttp://primaltrek.com/marriage.html#mirrorhttp://primaltrek.com/marriage.html#mirror


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Moon For a comprehensive discussion of the relationship of the moon, dragon,

star, and cloud symbols please visit Charm Symbols: Star, Moon, Cloud

and Dragon

A "moon" or "crescent" is a symbol sometimes found on old Chinese

coins.According to Chinese mythology, the Three-Legged Toad lives on the

moon.

According to Daoist legend, the "Moon Hare" ("Jade Rabbit") that makes

the elixir of immortality lives on the moon.

Charms depicting the moon may be seen at Open Work Charms, Gourd

Charms, Lock Charms, and Auspicious Inscriptions.

See also entry for pearl.

Mountain Mountains (shan

) are the places closest to the gods and because oftheir expanse and heights covey the meaning of limitless.

Mugwort

(Artemisia

Leaf)

The mugwort (ai ), also known as artemisia leaf, is one of a larger

group of objects which can be a member of the Eight Treasures.

It is a symbol for longevity because of its medicinal properties.

In ancient times, mugwort was attached to doors and gates because its

ragged leaves resemble tiger paws which were believed to provide

protection.

Its aroma is also believed to repel insects.

Narcissus Narcissus (shuixian ) literally means "water immortal".

The flower is therefore a symbol for an immortal.

A typical rebus or visual pun might be an image of a narcissus, a stone

and bamboo. The meaning would be "the immortals" (narcissus)

"wish" ((bamboo ( zhu ) = wish ( zhu )) "you" a "long

life" (longevity stone).

Nine (9) The number nine (9) is considered lucky because the Chinese character

for nine ( jiu ) has the same pronunciation as the word "forever" ( jiu

).

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Nine (9)

Similitude

s

The "nine similitudes" is a reference from the "Book of Odes" (shijing 诗

经) which is the earliest collection of Chinese poetry and includes

poems, songs and hymns from the Zhou Dynasty (1046-771 BC) and the

Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC).

The "nine similitudes" is now used as a greeting or felicitous wishtranslated as follows: "May you be as the mountains and the hills, as the

greater and the lesser heights, as the streams which flow in all directions,

having the constancy of the moon, like the rising sun, with the longevity

of the southern mountain and the green luxuriance of the fir and the

cypress."

Onion The onion (cong ) is a visual pun for intelligence because it has the

same pronunciation as the word for "intelligent" or "clever" (congming

聪).

Orange Oranges symbolize riches and good fortune because of their gold color.

Also, the chinese character for the orange is ju () which is composed

of mu (), meaning "tree", and ji () meaning "lucky or auspicious".

The two components of the character therefore imply that the orange is a

"good luck" fruit.

Orchid The orchid is one of the Four Gentlemen and stands for humility,

modesty, beauty and refinement.

See also "Cassia and Orchid" Charm.

Osmanthu

s

An osmanthus blossom (gui ) can mean "honor" or "precious" because

it has the same pronunciation as the word "valuable" or "precious" (gui

贵).

Ox See entry for water buffalo.

Peach The peach (tao ) signifies the second month of the lunar calendar.

The peach symbolizes marriage, spring, justice and especially Daoist

immortality (longevity).

The peach is one of the Three Abundances (Three Plenties).

See Chinese Peach Charms for information concerning the mythology of

the peach and peach wood, and how it came to symbolize longevity.

Peach wood was also used to make swords, arrows, and amulets in

ancient times because the Chinese word for peach (tao ) has the same

pronunciation as the Chinese word for "flee" or "run away" (tao ).

http://primaltrek.com/sword.html#peach_wood_swordshttp://primaltrek.com/sword.html#peach_wood_swordshttp://primaltrek.com/peach.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/sword.html#peach_wood_swordshttp://primaltrek.com/sword.html#peach_wood_swordshttp://primaltrek.com/peach.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/peach.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#three_abundanceshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#three_abundanceshttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/daoist.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/marriage.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/marriage.htmlhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#water_buffalohttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#water_buffalohttp://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/10/24/cassia-and-orchid-charm/http://primaltrek.com/blog/2011/10/24/cassia-and-orchid-charm/http://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#cypresshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#cypresshttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#moonhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#moonhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#mountainhttp://primaltrek.com/impliedmeaning.html#mountain


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Peacock The peacock symbolizes beauty and dignity as well as the desire for

peace and prosperity.

The ancient Chinese believed that one glance from a peacock could make

a woman pregnant.

Xi Wang Mu (

), the Queen Mother of the West, sometimes rode apeacock as a means of transportation instead of a stork.

See Open Work Charms for an beautiful charm depicting a pair of

peacocks.

Peanut The peanut (huasheng ) is an auspicious symbol because its second

character (sheng ) means to

chinese symbols & puns

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