china's positioning paper

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The People’s Republic of ChinaTo the 62 nd United Nations General Assembly

Disarmament and International Security Committee

POSITION PAPER

THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

TO THE 62nd UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY

DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY COMMITTEE

“THE MILITARY BUDGET REDUCTION AND

THE RISK OF NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION IN MIDDLE EAST”

CONTENTS

1





Peoples Republic of China’s Perception on Reduction on Military Budget and

The Risk of Nuclear Proliferation in Middle East agenda ……………………... 3

I. Reduction on Military Budget ……………………………………… 3

II. The Risk of Nuclear Proliferation in Middle East ………………… 4

People’s Republic of China’s position on Reduction on Military Budget and The

Risk of Nuclear Proliferation in Middle East agenda ………………………….. 6

I. Reduction on Military Budget ………………………………………. 6

II. The Risk of Nuclear Proliferation in Middle East ………………….8

Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………. 12

Reference ………………………………………………………………………... 14

Peoples Republic of China’s Perception on Reduction on Military Budget and

The Risk of Nuclear Proliferation in Middle East agenda

2





I. Reduction on Military Budget

The complex situations in the international community create profound changes in

the world. Peace and development of mankind are still faced with challenges that

allow no neglect. Traditional and non-traditional security threats are still

challenging. Despite the great hopes cherished by all countries for the

international arms control and non-proliferation process, different views regarding

priorities of its agenda still remain. High military budget happened to be the direct

effect on these uncertainties in international relations. In 2005, worldwide militaryexpenditure has already reached 2.5% of world GDP, and keeps rising annually.

i Our country sees it as something inevitable, but still controllable.

We can not abandon the needs of countries in the world to protect their homeland

and national interests, which should be done in one condition, through peaceful

way. The international situation at the present time is relatively stable but not

utterly peaceful, that conditions influence the increases of military budget over

many countries. Furthermore, the involvement of some countries in conflict area

and the increasing of government revenue also play a big role in the growth of

worldwide military budget. The rise of advance technology and knowledge also

drive further the attempt to safeguard country’s sovereignty and national interests.

States struggle hard to defend their people and homeland from threats. However, it

create further problem when the increase of military budget seems to create

security dilemma or even arms race. The increasing on military budget should be

harmonious with the growth of its economy and balanced with other aspect of life.

3





even states from different regions. In addition, conflict escalation in the Middle

East is likely unpredictable. Therefore, the regional security in Middle East has

not become into a stable area. Talking about this condition, People’s Republic of

China also believes that the fear it is not only the unstable condition in Middle

East but also about the tendencies to competition of using the missile technology

to build better weapons that eventually could carry nuclear warheads.

The term proliferation is a definition that more states acquiring nuclear weapons. ii

Therefore, China sees that the proliferation of nuclear is a definition that leads intothe possession of the nuclear weapons by other state. Thus, non-proliferation is a

description of the efforts to prevent the possession of nuclear weapons by other

country. This definition according to the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), that

signed by China in 1984, in which the treaty is the agreement among nuclear

powers not to transfer nuclear weapons technology and among non-nuclear

powers not to acquire it.

The People’s Republic of China sees that regional security and proliferation of

weapon of mass destruction (WMD), including nuclear weapon, are closely

interrelated.iii With the unstable condition, the Middle East area has potential to

proliferate nuclear as a weapon. If one country in Middle East could proliferate

nuclear as a weapon, this could threaten other non-nuclear states in Middle East or

even other countries outside Middle East. Furthermore, the nuclear proliferation

could lead into arms race or even into nuclear wars. Therefore, we see that nuclear

proliferation in Middle East will only brings the harmful effect and it also has

perilous risk for all international society.

Moreover, we see, between nuclear proliferation and terrorism, each influence one

another. Middle East region and nuclear issues remain unsettled and the risks of

acquisition of weapons of mass destruction by terrorist groups and other non-state

entities are growing. Basically, China always firmly opposes terrorism of all

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forms including nuclear terrorism.iv

Thus we support the purposes and principles

of Global Initiative to combat nuclear terrorism, especially in Middle East region.

According to the peril of nuclear proliferation in Middle East, People’s Republic

of China has always stood for the prohibition and destruction of all nuclear

weapons, and is definitely against the proliferation of nuclear weapon and their

means of delivery in Middle East area. We do not support, encourage, or assist

any country in developing nuclear weapon and their means of delivery.

People’s Republic of China’s position on Reduction on Military Budget and The

Risk of Nuclear Proliferation in Middle East agenda

I. Reduction on Military Budget

As for China, the high military budget trend is not something we should be

disagree with, but something we are intending to do gradually. In the past two

decades, China has been shifting the focus of its work to economic development,

so national defense should be both subordinated to and serve the country's overall

economic development. In accordance to our economy growth, we decided to

advance our military capability in a very moderate and reasonable way. It aimed at

safeguarding our sovereignty and territorial integrity as well as world and regional

peace and stability and also promoting common development. Basically design to

enhance the originally our weak defence foundation.

There are some concerns from others, that our military capability will be used to

obtain our national interest in irresponsible way. China firmly pursues a road of

peaceful development, and has all along practiced a national defense policy that is

purely defensive in nature. Furthermore, we already stressed that the important

thing in the military budget issue is being transparent and have reasonable

6





argument in doing so. That is why others shall not put any dispute on our military

budget.

As well, China attaches importance to the control of its military expenditure.

Guided by the principle of coordinated development of national defense and the

economy, the Chinese Government decides on the size and use of military

expenditure in an appropriate way to meet its economic development level.

The United Nation Resolution 35/142 B concerning reduction on military budgetattach the importance of systematic reporting of military expenditures as an

significant pace in forming agreed and balanced reductions on military

expenditures. This action should be taken to put off the nervous ness among

States. Transparency is the important key to build mutual trust, and to reduce

international tension concerning high military budget.

China has been advocating and seriously practicing the new security concept

featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination. Therefore, China

already determined to report basic data of its military expenditures for the latest

fiscal year annually to the Secretary-General of the United Nations based on

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 60/44. We truly comprehend the

great importance of military transparency to obliterate suspicions and construct

mutual trust among states. Therefore, China hopes other States to follow and take

the same action with us.

President of People’s Republic of China, Mr. Hu Jintao, addressed at 80th

anniversary of the founding of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), that

China will gradually increased its military budget as the economy grows.v

Modernization of the military force is our goal in attempt to protect our people

and country, as sovereign state with long borders on land and in sea border.

Chinese government will not insist to increase its military budget if it is not

balanced with other aspect in our community lives.

7





China also fully aware other States concern on its high military budget. But one

thing to be acknowledged, China has a strict system of financial appropriation of

military budget. For instance, China military forces, The Peoples Liberation

Army, budgeting are based on the defense development strategy, military building

objectives and annual military tasks set by the state. Budgeting units at each level

carry out studies to decide on their budget items, make calculations of their

requests for funds and then report to the next-higher authorities.

Furthermore, the increasing of our military budget lately is for realistic reasons.

The increased part of China's defence expenditure is principally used for

increasing salaries and allowances of military personnel and improving their

living conditions, increasing investment in weaponry and equipment and

infrastructure, supporting the training of military personnel, compensating for

price rise, increasing expenses for international cooperation in non-traditional

security field.

China hopes that States encompass same perspective and standard arguments on

the increasing of their military budget. China needs a peaceful and stable

international environment for its development. Mutual trust, mutual benefit,

equality and cooperation, and supports the important role played by the United

Nations in promoting transparency in armaments and mutual trust in the field of

security among States are the important things for our government to concern.

China's development will further promote international peace and security.

II. The Risk of Nuclear Proliferation in Middle East

The world has been a witness of how the dangerous risks from nuclear weapon

destroyed a region and made thousand people killed.vi Thus, People’s Republic of

China positively support international non-proliferation efforts, and support for

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the achievement of the non-proliferation goal in Middle East. We hold that the

fundamental purpose of non-proliferation is to safeguard and promote

international and regional peace and security, and non-proliferation measures

should be conducive to achieving this goal.

In addition, People’s Republic of China is one of the countries that also put a high

commitment in nuclear proliferation issue. We believe that nuclear disarmament is

a paramount disarmament concern. This is supported with statement by our

ambassador, Hu Xiaodi, at the General Debate of the First Committee of the 60

th

Session of the United Nations General Assembly:vii

"The Chinese nation loves peace and China is a responsible country in the

international community. China has all along adopted a highly responsibleattitude in the international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation

field and taken practical measures to promote the international arms control,disarmament and non-proliferation cause .”

Based upon that, China persists in continuing its peaceful development road to

cope with the issue. We definitely support for the achievement of the non-

proliferation goal through political, diplomatic and other peaceful means in

Middle East. On the one hand, the international non-proliferation mechanism

should be constantly improved and export controls of individual countries further

strengthened; on the other hand, proliferation issues should be dealt with through

dialogue and international cooperation.viii

People’s Republic of China as a permanent member of United Nations Security

Council has a responsibility to maintain international security and peace. We see

that the nuclear proliferation issue in Middle East could threaten international

security and stability, and it is very important to solve rapidly. People’s Republic

of China alone could not make the stability of international security and peace, but

we need support from international community in solving this issue. Therefore,

we call international community to support and take part in every step that could

solve this problem.

9





Creating peace in Middle East area is the first step to prevent from nuclear

proliferation. Since the proliferation of nuclear weapon and their means of

delivery have its complicated causes and, as stated before, are closely related to

the international and regional security environment. People’s Republic of China

sees that with promoting the universal improvement of international relations,

achieving security for all states in Middle East, and fairly and reasonably settling

relevant regional security issues in Middle East will be favourable to non-

proliferation efforts to proceed in a smooth manner.

ix

Hence, internationalcommunity and all parties concerned should make further efforts to promote and

support the peace process in the Middle East. These efforts should be done in a

spirit of reconciliation, in order to enhance substantively the peace and stability in

the region.x It has to be done in the manner of the basic principles of international

law based on United Nations Charter.

People’s Republic of China supports the proposals of and the efforts by Middle

East countries to establish Nuclear Weapon Free Zone and other WMDs in the

Middle East. Nevertheless, support from one country would not make it true.

Thus, it is needed support from international community. The efforts by the

countries in the Middle East should be welcomed and supported by the

international community. Concrete efforts should be made to promote the

establishment of such a zone in accordance with the UN General Assembly

resolutions, the Resolution on the Middle East adopted at the 1995 Non

Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Review and Extension Conference, and relevant

provisions of the Final Document of the 2000 NPT Review Conference.xi

The support and participation of international community in non-proliferation

efforts is the important means to solve the nuclear proliferation issue in Middle

East. Through the signing of NPT and nuclear under control by the International

Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) are two of many non-proliferation efforts that

international community could support and participate. We hope from the joining

10





of international community in the non-proliferation efforts could prevent or even

stop the nuclear proliferation and promote nuclear disarmament in Middle East.

We maintain that universal participation of the international community in non-

proliferation efforts is essential and that a fair, rational and non-discriminatory

nature of the non-proliferation regime must be ensured. Both the improvemen

the existing mechanisms and the establishment of new ones should be based on

the universal participation of all countries and democratic decision making

process. Unilateralism and double standards should be abandoned, and greatimportance is attached and full play given to the role of the United Nations.xii

Another means to solve the nuclear proliferation issue is to strengthening Non-

Proliferation export control system. People’s Republic of China views that the

effective export control serves as an important means to pursue the non-

proliferation goal. As a country with certain capacity in industry, science and

technology, China has adopted highly responsible policies and measures in this

regard. After years of endeavours, we have completed a transition in non-

proliferation export control from an administrative pattern to one based on law

with relevant measures basically in line with common international practices. xiii

However, this effort could not work if only just one state which implemented it.

Thus, we call for international community to strengthening their non-proliferation

export control system to prevent nuclear proliferation in Middle East area.

People’s Republic of China sees that to preventing the nuclear weapon

proliferation in Middle East is needed the peaceful uses of nuclear as the energy.

We really support the used of nuclear as the energy. We see that it is one of the

fundamental objectives of the NPT and the Statute of the IAEA to promote

peaceful uses of nuclear energy and the relevant international cooperation.

Enhanced efforts in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy are conducive to a

comprehensive realization of all the objectives of the NPT.xiv

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People’s Republic of China stressed that the prevention of nuclear weapons

proliferation and promotion of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy are mutually

complementary to each other. The non-proliferation efforts should not undermine

the legitimate rights of countries, especially the developing countries, and it

should be done in the manner of the international law.

CONCLUSION

Threats are become more challenging, as they became more complex in thedevelopment of globalization process around the world. States concertedly defend

their homeland, people, and their other interests with several actions that create

anxiety in the world communities. We should cope this with the consent of mutual

trust among States and cooperation, in the faith of peoples hope on peace and

development in all over countries.

High military budget seems to be the direct effect in the states attempt to defend their

people and homeland security. This policy has made some countries worried that it

will create security dilemma, or even arms race. Moreover, The Peoples Republic of

China sees high military budget will not affect international peace and security

directly. China believes that the genuine threat is if states are not being transparent

and create doubts on others intention. States should build mutual trust, mutual benefit,

equality and coordination among countries through military transparency. This

commitment will bring us to solidity and eliminate suspicions between states.

The commitment of international community also needed in solving the nuclear

proliferation in Middle East area. We all know how the perils of nuclear weapon have

killed thousand of peoples, and we do not want the dreadful experience to reiterate

again. Thus, People’s Republic of China opposes the nuclear proliferation in Middle

East and calls to the international community to support and participate in the efforts

of nuclear non-proliferation, particularly for the establish the Nuclear Weapon Free

12





Zone in Middle East area, in the manner of the basic principles of international law

based on United Nations Charter and without any discrimination to any States.

13



i http://yearbook2006.sipri.org/chap8 ii

Michael G. Roskin and Nicholas O. Berry, 2002, The New World of International Relations, New Jersey: Prentice

Hall. Hal. 211-21iii

People’s Republic of China, 2007, Nuclear Issues in the Middle East--Working Paper submitted by China at the

First Session of the Preparatory Committee for the 2010 NPT Review Conference, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,

viewed on 19 October 2007, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/jks/kjfywj/t317998.htmiv

People’s Republic of China, 2007, Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,

Viewed on 1 November 2007, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/jks/kjlc/hwt/fdhkb/t141314.htmv China marks PLA's 80th birthday with grand rally, http://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/events/070801.htm viewed on

30 October 2007vi

Preventing Nuclear Proliferation in the Middle East: Is a "Nuclear Free Zone" Possible?, viewed on October 26 th

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Statement by Ambassador Hu Xiaodi at the General Debate of the First Committee of the 60th Session of the

United Nations General Assembly http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/jks/jkxw/t215142.htm, viewed on

October 27th 2007, at 03.09pmviii People’s Republic of China, 2007, China's Non-Proliferation Policy and Measures, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,

viewed on 19 October 2007, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/jks/kjlc/fkswt/fkszc/t141197.htmix Ibidx

People’s Republic of China, 2007, Nuclear Issues in the Middle East--Working Paper submitted by China at the

First Session of the Preparatory Committee for the 2010 NPT Review Conference, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,viewed on 19 October 2007 , http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/jks/kjfywj/t317998.htm

xi ibidxii People’s Republic of China, 2007, China's Non-Proliferation Policy and Measures, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,

viewed on 19 October 2007, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/jks/kjlc/fkswt/fkszc/t141197.htmxiii Ibidxiv

People’s Republic of China, 2007, Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy--Working Paper submitted by China at the

First Session of the Preparatory Committee for the 2010 NPT Review Conference, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,

viewed on 19 October 2007, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/jks/kjfywj/t317993.htm

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