china us aviation new technology workshop aviation and sustainable biofuel · ·...

Aviation and Sustainable Biofuel

China US Aviation

New Technology Workshop

Larry Kwok

Director of Strategy and Business Development

Boeing Research and Technology June 7th, 2012

Copyright 2010 Boeing. All rights reserved.

Addressing the Commercial Aviation Challenge

Environmentally Progressive Products

Improved Air Traffic Systems /

Operational Efficiency

Alternative Energy Sources


3% of

total

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

Emissions by sector, 2000-2030

Millions tons CO2 equivalent/year

Power

Industrial

Agricultural

and waste

Buildings

Forestry

Other

transport

Air

2030 2025 2020 2015 2010 2005 2000

2% of

total

Small but growing share of emissions

3

Source: IPCC

Global CO2 Emissions


Baseline

Carbon Neutral Timeline

CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

2050 2005

4

Carbon-Neutral Growth


Baseline


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

2050 2005

5

Fleet Renewal & Technology Development


Airplanes Advanced Technologies to Improve Environmental

Efficiency Cleaner, Quieter and More Efficient

Advanced Wing Design

Enhanced Flight

Deck

Composite Primary Structure

Advanced Engines and Nacelles

Innovative Systems

Technologies

787 20%* More CO2 efficient

28% Below 2008 limits for NOx

60%* Smaller noise footprint

747-8 16%* more CO2 efficient

52% Below 2008 limits for NOx

30%* Smaller noise footprint

2011 Air inlet/exhaust

reduces drag

Engine improvements

2011 Wheel well

fairing reduces drag

2011 Wing control

surfaces refined to reduce

drag

2011 light fairing

reduces drag


Baseline


CO

2

Em

iss

ion

s

2050 2005

Use less fuel

Efficient airplanes

Operational efficiency

7

ATM Investments / Operational Improvement


Air Transportation System Roadmap A

irsp

ace

Op

era

tio

ns

Key C

ap

ab

ilit

ies

ATM Automation Time-Based Arrivals

Conflict Detection Conflict Resolution Arr/Dep/Surf Data Integration

Time-based RNP/RNAV Arrivals

TRACON RPI

TRACON TBFM

Extended TBFM

Departure Tool 4D Trajectory

Negotiation Tool

4D Conflict Resolution

Surface Tool

Communication FANS-1

ACARS Broadband IP Polar SATCOM Future Subnetworks

Analog Voice FANS-2

ATN

Link 2000+

Oceanic RCP

FANS-3

Digital Voice

Continental RCP

Surveillance

Prim / Sec Radar

ACAS/ADS-B Integration

SURF IA ACAS 7.1 ADS-B In/CDTI

Extended Squitter

Delegated Separation

Self Separation

Air

pla

ne

Po

pu

lati

on

Growing Fleet of Highly

Capable Aircraft

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

39,530

33,500 new

19,410

31%

Operating 20 Years From Now

Growth (20,120)

Replacement (13,380)

Retained (6,030)

Navigation GLS Cat I GLS Cat III RNP AR Expanded Windfield

GNSS Backup System

Global Cat I from Space

Full Profile RTA

Advanced RTA RNP

AMM ORE Indication

Graphical Taxi

ORE Active EVS/SVS

ADS-C Adv ADS-C

BOEING is a trademark of Boeing Management Company. Copyright 2011 Boeing. All rights reserved.

R9.1 System Wide Information Management

Aero/Met Info

Shared Trajectory & Surveillance Info

Adv Inter-Facility Coord

AIDC OLDI RADNET ETMS

2

xLS

RNP

ILS

GLS

Low RNP Missed

Approach Paths

Low RNP

Departure Paths

RNP Path Options

ADS-B

Air to Ground

Constant Descent Paths

from Top of Descent

Manual ATC Intervention,

Control by Radar & Navaid

Pre-Defined Performance

Based Airspace

Dynamic Performance

Based Airspace

Spacing

ADS-B Out DO260B

Graphical WX

Multi Freq / Constellation GNSS


Baseline

Renewable Fuel


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

2050 2005

9

Changing the fuel

Lower lifecycle CO2

No infrastructure modifications

Biofuel

Renewable Fuel Aviation Biofuel

Use less fuel

Efficient airplanes

Operational efficiency


Using Sustainable Biofuel Could Result in Net CO2 Reduction

Plant-Based Feedstocks Naturally Remove CO2 from the Atmosphere


Fuel cost

11

$0

$1

$2

$3

$4

$/gal

2006 2004 2002 2000

+12%

2014 2012 2010 2008

Rising fuel prices1 Airline operating costs

Fuel

Ownership

Fees

Crew

Maintenance

37%

AROC

Other

Copyright 2010 Boeing. All rights reserved. 12

Liquid Fuels as Only Realistic Near Term Option

Energy Requirements Energy Options2

Global

Infrastructure

Compatibility

High

Energy

Density

Road

Rail

Sea

Sky

Solar

High

Low

Low High

Global

Infrastructure

Compatibility

Energy

Density

(MJ/kg)

Liquid Fuels

CNG

Hybrid/

Battery


New industry and supply chain

Green and environmentally healthy

Hightech - Intellectual properties

GDP Growth - Regional economic growth with diverse industry and rural jobs

Social-economic Benefits

Agricultural and

Industrial Feedstock Biofuel processing Biofuel delivery

infrastructure Airline

use


Technically viable In demand Sufficient supply

ASTM and Def Stan

standards approved

Airline support

In commercial use

Refinery capacity

developing

Price premium

Sustainable feedstock

developing

State of Aviation Biofuel Industry


Criteria I - Works in Existing Infrastructure

Meets fuel performance

requirements

Requires NO change to

airplanes or engines

Requires NO change to

infrastructure

Can be mixed or

Jet-A fuel


Chemical Properties

Same class of compounds (paraffin's)

ASTM approval (ASTM 7566 50% blend)

Blend to traditional petroleum based jet fuel

Energy Crop

Farming

Oil Extraction

& Processing

Hydroprocessing

Hydrocracking &

Separation

Hydrogen

Customer

Use

Extraction of

Crude Oil

Distillation

of Crude Oil

Hydrocracking &

Separation

Bio-SPK

Jet-A

Petroleum

Based-Jet Fuel

Bio-SPK


Technical Properties

Biofuel as good or better than traditional fossil

20%

0%

-60%

Biofuel

20%

20%

Fossil

100%

% Fossil

Jet-A

100%

80%

60%

40%

Lower GHG

Emissions1 Higher

Energy2 Stricter Standard

BTU/Kg

+2% +1%

100%

Biofuel

Jet-A

44.0

50-50

Blend

43.8

Fossil

Jet-A

43.3

Fossil3 Bio4

Min

% Aromatics Sulfur (SO2) Water Halogens Metals Nitrogen


Global jet fuel standards

Governing body1

ASTM Def Stan

Chinese GB

(SAC) Russia GOST

Standard D1655 91-91 GB 6537 10227

Key Fuels produced

Jet-A

Jet-A12 Jet-A13 No. 3

TS-1

RT

https://www.dstan.mod.uk/


Aviation Biofuel Standard D7566

Annex 1

Fuel from Fischer

Tropf process

Annex X

Fuel from

XXX

D7566 Overview

Applies to conventional + synthetic

blends

Unique blending requirements

Fuel can be recertified as D1655

-

Annex 2

Fuel from

bio-derived SPK

Overview of

D7566

Annexes for

blend stocks


OEM Internal Review

ASTM fuel approval process

Fuel Specification

Properties

Fit-for-Purpose

Properties

Component or Rig

Tests

Engine Endurance

Test

FAA

Review

Reject or

Additional

Data as

Required

Reject or

Additional

Data as

Required

ASTM

Specification

Research

Report

OEM Approval

Incorporate into Fuel Specification with

FAA Consensus

Test Program OEM Internal Review Specification Change

ASTM

Review

& Ballot

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Fuel Blending Summary

100% Biofuel

Tested to an

Annex in

D75661

Fossil Jet-

A/A1

Produced to

Def Stan 91-

91 or D16551

Jet-A/A1

Biofuel Blend

Recertified to D1655 or

designated as

Def Stan 91-91

1. ASTM D1655 and D7566 standards covers a wide variety of fuel properties and specify which tests should be conducted to verify these


Criteria II Sustainability (Feedstock)

Key Sustainability

Requirements1 Benefits

indirect impacts, such

as land and water use

Positive GHG impact

3rd party standards and

audits2

Assurance of

environmental benefit

Socio-economic

Credit opportunity3

Moral license


Sources for Aviation Biofuel

Oilseeds

Algae

Cellulosic

Waste

Sugars

Sources of Fuel Expected Availability

Time Today

Oilseeds

Cellulosic

Algae

Sugars

Waste

Market determined Regional dependent Technology breakthrough


Broad Demand for Aviation Biofuel

Test Flights Commercial Flights (1,525 and counting1)

Demand for Regular

Use

-Bill Ayers

Alaska Airlines CEO on

biofuel

china us aviation new technology workshop aviation and sustainable biofuel · ·...

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