children’s rights and maslow’s hierarchy of basic needs · children’s rights and maslow’s...
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Children’s Rights and Maslow’s hierarchy of basic needs
Mats Granlund
“Children with Disability: Focus on Human Rights and Intervention”A two day seminar at CAAC, University of Pretoria 2013.01.31-
0201
Why is this interesting?
Most studies of children’s deprivation of rights in low income settings focus on:
• Physiological needs implies that because of being a hierarchy children donot experience higher needs unless basic needs are fullfilled
• Have care providers as respondents implies that children can’t talk for themselvesand that care providers can provide reliable ratings on all kinds of needs
• Focus on children without impairments implies that children with impairmentshave lower status and can’t talk for themselves
Principles of rights(From Simeonsson, 2008)
• Beneficience: Child is provided what is goodfor self and development
• Non-maleficience: Child is protected from harm
• Social justice: Child experiences equaltreatment
• Integrity: Child recognized and respected as person
• Autonomy: Child’s independence and controlover life
UN Convention on the rights of the child
• Integrity a person: Articles 1-3
• Inherent right to life/survival: Article 6
• Identity Articles 7-8
• Family environment: Article 9, 18
• Right to be heard Article 12,13
• Protect from exploitation: Articles 19, 32 34
• Protection in institutional care: Article 20, 25
• Education Article 22
• Highest allowable health Article 24
Deprivation of rights(from Simeonsson, 2008)
– Deprivation of rights :
• Constraint, limitation or barrier in child’s access to or encounters with physical, social or psychological environment essential to their growth and development
• Constraint, limitation or barrier of child’sopportunities to participate in major liferoles
What is a need
Problem = The difference between the current situation and a desired situation
Need = A resource or tool necessary to solve a perceived problem
By providing what is needed a problem can be solved
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Basic assumption: People progress from a secure base of basic need satisfactionto satisfy ”higher” needs
Physiological needsSafety needs
Belongingness and love
Esteem
Self transcendence
Self-actualization
Deficiency needs
Growth needs
Relating children’s rights to needs
Children’s rights Hierarchy of needs
Constraint, limitation or barrier in child’s access to or encounters with physical, social or psychological environment essential to their growth and development
Constraint, limitation or barrier of child’s opportunitiesto participate in major liferoles
Physiological needs, safetyneeds,belongingness and love,esteem = deprivational needs
Self-actualization, self-transendence = growth needs
Questions asked:
Theoretical questions?
Is there a hierarchy of needs?How many types of needs are there?
Practical questions:Can children provide valid and reliable responses?Are care providers proxy ratings reliable for all kinds of needs?
Questionnaire items categorizedaccording to needs
1. Do you have water to drink at home? Physiological2. Do you have food to eat at home? Physiological3. Do you have medicine at home when you need it? Physiological4. Do you have a place to sleep at home? Physiological5. Do you have toys to play with at home? Physiological6. Do you have a wheelchair or walking aid to help you move around? Physiological
7. Do you have something like a communicat. board to help you talk at home? Safety 8. Do you like it when people get angry with you9. Do you have glasses to help you see at home? Safety10. Do you have a hearing aid to help you hear at home? Safety 11. If you are confused, do you have someone to expl. things to you at home? Safety
12. Is there someone who cares about you at home? Love and belonging13. Do you have friends to play with at home? Love and belonging
14. Do you have your own books to work in at school? Belonging/ self esteem
Percentage number of children and parents who choose the same answer
Question % N Maslow
Do you have clean water to drink at home? 82.7% 214 Physiological
Do you have food to eat at home? 76.8% 211 Physiological
Do you have your own bed to sleep in at home? 67.8% 211 Physiological
Do you have something like a walking aid or wheel chair to help you move around at home?
80.8% 26 Physiological
Do you have things to play with at home? 49.8% 211 PhysiologicalMean 71,58
Question % N Maslow
Do you have something like glasses to help you see at home?
52.9% 17 Safety needs
Do you have someone or something to help you understand instructions when you are at home?
44.1% 34 Safety needs
Do you have something like a communication board to help you speak when you are at home?
44.4% 17 Safety needs
Is there someone who cares for you and protects you?
77.5% 213 Love and belonging
Do you have friends to play with at home? 51.2% 213 Love and belonging
Rotated Component Matrixa
Component 1 2 3
Do you have clean water (ph)? -,117 ,862 ,064
Do you have food (ph)? -,023 ,524 -,368
When you are sick, do you have medicine (ph)? ,711 -,316 ,025
Do you have your own bed (ph)? ,499 ,639 ,345
Do you have things to play with (ph)? ,328 ,388 ,345
Do you have a wheelchair or walking aid (ph)? ,867 ,093 -,036
When you are confused, is there someone to help expl. (saf)? ,485 -,172 ,437
Is there someone who cares for you and protects you (l&b))? ,803 ,351 ,048
Do you have friends to play with (l&b)? 560 ,099 ,667
At school, do you have your own books to work in (l,b& s)? -,189 ,051 ,877
How many types of needs are there?
Number of studies out of 365 where children participated in the research process