CHILD TRENDS, INC2100 M Street. N.W.. Hbshington, D.C 20037. (202) 223-6288

TO: Individuals and Organizations Conoerned About TeenagePregnanoy and Childbearing

FROM: Kristin A. Moore, Ph.D.

)

Despite oontinuing oonoern about teenage pregnanoy and parenthoodin the United'States, up-to-date information and statistios forlooal areas are diffioult to obtain. A oopy of the 1986 "Faotsat a G1anoe" oontaining the most reoent data available for theU.S. is enolosed. A list of referenoes is avai1ab~e uponrequest.

The 1986 Faots at a G1anoe reports that there were fewer births,pregnanoies and abortions in the U.S. in 1983 and 1984 than inearlier years. However, muoh of the apparent improvement is dueto the faot that the number of teenagers has deo1ined. In 1976,there were 29.5 million youth aged 13-19. By 1986, this numberhad fallen to 25.1 million. However, the number of teens willbegin to inorease again in the 1990s, reaohing 26.7 million inthe year 2000. Moreover, muoh of the deoline in the birth rateamong teens is due to inoreasing rates of abortion. Neverthe-less, small but real deolines in the rates of pregnanoy andabortion have ooourred reoent1y. Continued progress in loweringrates would augur well for future years when there will again bea larger number of ado1esoents at risk of premature parenthood.

These materials have not been oopyrighted and may be reproduoedand disseminated to any persons, pUblio or private, who mightbenefit from the information.

Related information for your own state or 100a1 area can beobtained from your state vital statistics offioe, welfaredepartment, health department, board of education, or sooia1servioes offioes.

If this Fact Sheet has reached an inappropriate office, pleaseforward it to the appropriate person. If you would like to havea name added to our list of those reoeiving Faots at a G1anoe, orto have a name deleted or correoted, please write to me at ChildTrends.

This information effort was funded by the Charles Stewart MottFoundation of Flint, Miohigan.

..

SfACTSfACTSrJAT A GLAITCI

FACTS ON BIRTHS TO U.S. TEENS".; ::. . .. ~ i r:

. -,

- In 1984, 469,682babies were born to mothers aged 15-19, 15 percent tewer thanin 1980. Most ot this decline is due to the smaller number ot U.S. teenagers.The birth rate (births per 1000 temales aged 15-19) declined oDll 4 percentbetween 1980 and 1984. Girls 14 an~ 10unger had 9,965 babies in 1984; althoughthe number declined 2"percent compared to 1980, the rate did not change.';" ".' .J, ._. ",.''0# , ~. . ... _

. .

- Despite the declining numberot births, the percent born out-ot-wedlockincreased substantially amongloung womenunder age 20. Although the proportionot births out-ot-wedlock is higher among black teens, the proportion hasincreased sharpll among white teens. In 1980, 33 percent ot white teen motherswere unmarried; in 1984, 42 percent were unmarried. In 1980, 86 percent ot blackteen mothers were unmarried; 89 percent were unmarried in 1984.

)

~ -Although the number ot babies born to mothers 14 and lounger is relativellsmall, the rate did not decline trom 1910 to 1984. Births to this age group areparticularl, problematic. In 1984, 91S were out-ot-wedlock. 11so, the babiesare more likely to be low birth weight (13.6S weighed less than 5.5 pounds,compared to 6. 9S ot the babies born to womenaged 20-24). In general, the'jounger the mother, the less the birth rate has declined, the higher. the-proportion of unmarried mothers, the greater the probability of low birth weight,the greater the likelihood the mother received no prenatal care or care oDll inthe third trimester, and the higher the proportion of mothers who have less than12 years of school. Data for 1984 (the most recent year available) are shownbelow.

-Although the birth rate has fallen faster among black teens than white teens,the birth rate among black teens cOmpared to white teens remains 1 times higheramong adolescents 14 and younger, nearly 3 times higher among teens aged 15-11,and nearly twice as high am,ongyoung women~ed 18-19.", ., :<I

~ ':;", ~.~.,.' ;.';

".. 'I.. , ,.._"..,. ",_' .'

- A quarter' of all mothers having their first child are not yet 20.' Twenty~onepercent of white tirst-borns and 4Jt percent of black tirst-borna'have teenagemothers. AmongHispanics, 3JtS of first-born children had teenage mothers, basedon data for the 23 states and D.C. that rePort birth bl' Hispanic origin.": ';'L

ABORTIONS TO TEENS AGED 15-19 . l ..- . _,', .. "'f .,' . .

'. 'L~Number '. Rate/1000," 395,660 . 41.8

418,140' 42.9~33.330 ~3.3444,180 42.9231,890 '22.9

.,IaK.19831982198119801913

. ... '.\\',The number of abortions obtained b1teens has declined as the number ofteens bas fallen. In 1982 and 1983,the abortion rate declined slightlltor the tirst time in over a decade. ........

...

Number Change Mother Low Late UnderMother's of . Birth in Rate 'Not ,.Birth or No 12 Irs.12e Births Rate 1Q70-84 Married Wei2ht Care School14 9,965 - .1.2' 'OS 91S "13 .6S .'21.0S .100S

'15-11 "166,144 31.1 ", 20S .,.' c', 69S ',-j 104S . ,-,13.5S 90S

'.18-19 '.302,938 18.3 '-32S 'p48S . ...8.8S . 10. 8S Jt5S

20-2Jt .1,141,518 107.3 -36% . 24S _.9S . 6.6S 23S..

WBLFARE

- AD updatedestimateindicatestbat in 1985 a totalot .16.1 billion wasupended tor AFDC,Food Stamps, and Medicaid tor tamilies initiated by a birtbto a teenager. '!'bis represents more than balt ot total expenditures 'on tbeseprograms.

r , t..:

SINGLE-PARENT FAMILIES

- Cbildren born to young motbers are far more likely to live witb tbeir motberonly. Amongwb!te fust-born children studied in 1981, 50 percent of those bornto a motber younger than 20 bad lived for at least some time witb only tbeirmotber by tbe time tbey turned 6, compared witb 25 percent of those born to amotber aged 20-24, and 13 percent of tbose born to a motber 25 or older. Amongblack first-borns, 89 percent of tbe children born to teen motbers, 15 percent oftbose born to motbers 20-24, and 40 percent of tbose born to older motbers hadlived only with their motber byage6.

TRENDS IN SEXUAL ACTIVITY

Tbe proportion baving premari tal sex increased among young women born after 1953,who came of age during tbe late 1960s and early 1910s. Although the degree ofincrease may have slowed, tbe proportion wbo have had sex is much higher foryoung womenborn in the early 1960s than for womenborn in the 1940s and early1950s. Amongfemales born in 1962-64, 23% had had sex by their 16tb birtbday and54% had had sex by their 18th birtbday.' .

- The proportion of U.S. teens becoming pregnant has risen over the past decadeand a half, largely because the proportion sexually experienced has beenincreasing. Considering only fEmales who are sexually experienced, theproportion who have become pregnant seems to have declined somewhat, apparentlydue to improved contraceptive use. Tbe proportion having a birth each year hasdeclined substantially, reflecting in part the lower pregnancy rate but primarilytbe increased abortion rate. . .

..AmODgall femaleS 15-19, the percent each year:\ .'

ttI.n.9%

. 1%

'." ". ~1%

. J3Z5.10%

3%6%

~" . 11%

.4%" "'"5%. :"% "

.12la" 11%

. ... 4%

~: 5%

-Becomingpregnant:

." Baving a legal abortion:H~ving a. bi.;r,th:. , ..

"

". ."..", .; - ......

Amongfemales 15-19 wbo have bad sex, tbe percent each year:

Becoming pregnant: .

Having a legal abortion:Having a birth: ,

ttI.n.26%

2J20%

J3Z5.25%

8%14%

.19.8.Q.25%

. 9%': 12%

.12la23%

. 9%

11% , .

'. :".... .,-.. ..: '., , .~ "..

Facts At A Glance 1986 Compiled by Kristin A~"Moore,'Pb~D.Charles Stewart Matt Foundation, Sponsor

Year of BirthPercent Having 1938 1941 1944 1941 1950 1953 1956 959 1962

'\Sex by Age: ....:lm ..dl ....:M. ..ill. ....:52. -=55. ...:U ...:a

J16 1% 1% 1% 10% 1% 15% 18% 19% 23%18 23% 23% 23% 29% 21% 43% 46% 46% 54%

TRENDS IN PREGNANCY RATES

...

Table11 HUllber, irtbs to U.S. Teenagers, 19811end 1980 J-,--/.,. '1'otal IlmIheP or Biptb.. 1Q81a &lid 1Q80 Peroent Changel Biptb.. to Olllll.....ied Motb8l''' Peroent Change:: .t.\.,; . 1Q81a 1Q80 1Q80 to 1Q81a 1Q8Ia 1Q80 1Q80 to 1Q81aIIotb..'s Ace: Under &sed Under &sed Under Iged Under Aged Under Aged Under Aged....J5- 11i-1Q. ....J5- 115-1Q ..1S- .1S:1.9. ..1S- .15:1L ..1S- JS::U.. ..1S-

>'11...a 266 10,1196 355 12,1111 -25. -18. 239 5,618 315 6,202 -211. - 8.'1188ka 8 1,191 6 1,111 - +1 8 611 5 512 - +19$. Ar1sona '112 1,131 1311 8,101 -16 - II 98 11,11118 120 3,11111 '-18 +19Arka088S '168 6,166 183 1,811 - 8 -111 151 3,133 163 '3,1105 - 1 - 8,California 9115 119,399 113 55,365 +22 -11 809 28'''''3 613 21 ,6"'6 +20 +3Colorado . 66 5,129 51 6,535 +16 -12 56 2,9111 52 2,650 + 8 +11CoDl18otiout; , 68 3,889 10 11,338 -3 -10 66 2,1111 61 2,536 - 1 + 1.Del_are - 110 1,235 21 1,5115 +118 -20 38 115 21 931 +111 -11Di.triot of Col_bia 51 1,691 81 1,852 -31 - 9 49 1,546 19 . 1,668 -38 - 1: Florida 585 22,181 633 23,1109 - 8 - 5 555 12,8"'5 511 12,'69 - '" + 3.Oeorpa 1161 15,931 518 18,559 -19 -14 1113 8,8118 514 9,211 -20 +11, Bav81i .21 1,911 11 2,068 - - 8 26 . 1,149 16 . 1,15' - 0:.,Iclabo ' .' :::.. .- 11 1,918 I 30 2,615 - -21 15 63' 23 115 ..- -11'nli!»i. j'.J J -536 22,158 609 29,189 -12 -22 528 15,508 59'" 16,118 -11 - 8. Incl1ana 185 11,113 211 15,1111 -15 -26; 180 5,13' 196 6,011 - 8 -5:.Iova ' 3'" 3,959 53 5,909 -36 -33 3'" 2,0111 '1 2,230 -28 -10, la088S ,. " .. 62 11,655 59 6,031 + 5 -23 56 2,032 55 2,236 + 2 - 9. lentuoq " ' '215 9,519 221 12,338 -3 -23 112 3,636 ''''8 3,9"'9 +16 - 8; Loui81_ 1120 13,892 365 16,139 +15 -14 399 8,0'3 319 8,096 .+25 - 1;...ine .i'. 11 2,029 23 2,1199 - -19 16 1,052 21 1,023 ' - + 3: IIar1land 218 8,129 211 8,6111 + 3 - 6 216 5,8'4 200 5,5211 + 8 +6. Ha...obetts . 8'" 6,935 11 1,6911 +18 -10 81 4,660 65 ',356 +25 + 1Hiobipn 3'2 16,1181 331 20,010 + 3 -18 319 8,885 304 9,610 +5 - 8Ml.nnesota . 50 5,213 115 1,003 +11 -26 41 3,205 "'2 3,356 +12 - IIi MI..s18aippi 1108 8,902 318 10,101 + 8 -11 400 5,153 356 6,158 +12 - 1; Hiasouri :,58 10,3111 219 13,093 -28 -21. 146 5,686 198 5,869 -26 - 3; Montana '14 1,11116 13 1,1118 - -11 14 159 13 131 - + 3j .ebraaka . 33 2,508 32 3,281 +3 -211. 33 1,389 31 1,1115 +6 - 2; .uacla '.\'31 1,'1'16 111 2,00'1 -10 -12 311 '14'1 36 102 -6 + 6'.... Baapab1re \1;12 1,213 12 1,1163 - -11 11 ., 641 11 635 - + 1'.... JerHT (216 10,031 291 11,613 -5 -111. 2'10 '1,1118 2'18 '1,843 - 3 + 5. .... Mexioo 61 11,2"'11 66 11,692 +2 -10 62 2,253 50 1,595 +211 +""..... York "521 25,689 509 21,691 + II -'1 513 18,622 "'88 1'1,969 + 5 + II. Iortb Carolina :313 13,835 369 15,823 + 1 -13 353 1,308 329 '1,119'1 +1 - 3'.ortb Dakota 5 1,001 10 1,294 - -23 5 462 10 . 1196 . .- - 1,CIa10 "368 20,89/1 3511 26,213 + 4 -20 3/18 11 ,791 333 12,361 + 5 - 5, CItlabCIU :.165 8,668 1116 10,060 +13 -111 134 3,3111 121 3,239 . +11 + 3,OreaoD . ':56 /1,2/18 11 5,660 -21 -25 53 2,2110 63 2,1159 '-16 - 9' hDDQlY8II1a.>7 '";i'!: "353 11,951 326 21,103 + 8 -11 335 11 , 183 301 11,002 + 9 + 2t Ibod. Island c.13 1,285 18 1, /1811 - -13 13 828 18 148 - +11'Soutb Carolina .239 8,"'911 295 9,98'1 -19 -15 222 5,148 212 5,545 -18 - 1. 'Soutb Dakota i 15 1,321 8 1,189 - -26 15 65'" 8 . '1119 - -13' !.nne.... ':252 11,033- 292 13,500 -14 -18 229 5,380 2119 5,1'3 - 8 - 6!8DS 1088 115,939 999 /19,126 + 9 - 6 826 11,1153 123 16,06'1 +111 + 9OUb . ,21 3,305 36 11,558 - -21 19 1,092 28 1,154 - - 5.,....ollt 8 198 8 1,016 - -21 ; 1 "'38 8 . ''''5 - - 2' Y1rpnia 2211 10,211 232 11,906 -3 -111 211 5,109 203 5,958 + , - '"V88b1DSton . 103 1,062. 106 . 8,389 - 3 -16 98 3,816 102 3,563 -'II + 1. Veat V1rpDia ....' 511 11,301 80 ' , 5,831 -33 -26 115 1,6311 65 1,191 -31 - 9'. ViaOOED ';. 98 .: 1,293 911' 9,126 + II -20 96 11,520 92 11,572 +11 - 11IT081118 j.. ',.:.,1.118 c'.:..-JS. . 1.1i1Q :31 --U 1128 ---1Jl 181 - J:U.'1'0!1L 9,965 "'69,682 ' 10,169 552,161 -2 -15 9,015 261,1011 9,024 262,111 + 1 - 1

.otelBecause peroentagea fluotuate wben nUllbers are 8IIall, the peroent abaas. i8 not caloulated if' f'MlA.. th.... n h4....._ _u,____..

Table 2: Bf ! to Mothera Under 20 Ieara ot Ase'........... '_/, of 111 TeeD' Birtha '

Births'to to UllUl'ried Teeuged , of TeeD Births to Of 111 Firat BirthaMothers Mother.. 1Q811 Ullllarried Hothera , of Teen Birtha Humberof Ilu8berof , to MotheraUDdar&p 201 UDder Asea Under Age 20 That are Seoond Birtha to Births to Under he 20

MI.J.S.. .1S::.1.9. in Urban Area.. Births ar L8t tlbite 'feeDs Blank Teen. IbUu JU.aAa811abaaa 90' 0' 511' 29' 23' 5,519 5,213 26' 118'Aluka - 51 33 19 6119 70 111 28Ariaou 88 ,57 52 2_ 6,112 572 25 110AraDAS 90 116 10 211 11,1128 2,1158 31 57California 86 58 119 22 38,1168 8,628 21 35Colorado 85 51 ; 52 21 5,161 11611 19 32Coaneotiout: :., 97 ' , '70 59 27 2,699 1,221 13 112Del_are 95;' ;' 63 0 23 697 570 18 119Diatriot of Columbia 96 ,; , ' 91 100 22 73 1,6611 1 31Florida 95 J , .58 36 25 13,2116 ' 9,1100 20 119Georgia 88 ) 56 21 211 8,1112 8,208 211 111Bavaii 96 60 23 20 3611 61 13 12Idabo -:.....:. - 33 13 21 1,833 13 211nliD01a ' t 99 . , ,,' 68 59 25 12,7116 10,385 18 50IDdiau ' 97 ' ,52 116 26 9,0112 2,219 25 118Iowa 100 - 51 21 19 3,661 261 19 111laua. .... 90,< 1111 lIS 21 3,833 72- 22 11OleDtuolq .:., 80, , 38 ... 211 ,21 8,510 1,211 32 117Louiaiau 95 :- 58 33 23 6,536 7,632 25 50MaiDe - 52 " '. ° 18 1,999 16 22Har1land 99 ; : 72 116 19 11,0111 11,256 17 38HaaaaabuaeUa 96. I: 67 ' , 311 21 5,853 1,072 15 36Hiob1pD 93 : 511 116 20 11,1111 5,1190 20 117Hianesota 911 ;- 61 30 19 11,1116 '375 15 ' 110Hi..1a.ippi 98 :.. 65 9 '26 3,303 5,9110 21. 56Hissouri 92," 55 117 : \ . ,23 7,1108 3,038 23 ,. 119Monta. _ t-' 52 0 ' 19 1,121 5 19Hebraaka 100; _:; - ,55 -. 53 . 20 2,076 361 19 116Henda .-' 92 . ,;' 112 52 . 20 1,3111 368 20 118H.. Bup8b1" 53 ° '.;

15 1,203 13 17 '

- .p.... '- .II.. Jer.., 98 ': 75 . 32- , 22 5,362 11,8117 12 112H.. Manoo 93 :. 53 ; '26 25 3,1193 126 29 311B.. Iork 91-:" . 72 ' 68 21 15,677 10,279 15 311Borth Caroli. 95;; 53 . 19 21 7,728 6,106 22 liSHorth'Dakota - 116 ° 16 818 11 1'1CI110 95-"" :' 56 116 22 15,8115 5,-3011 23 115Okla.a 81 . 39 311 23 6,319 - 1,2211 27 ' liSOreson 95 " 53 , 211 21 3,885 187 21 , "0PellD8JlYaDia ;:. ';" 95 . " 62 , ; 112 20 13,2011 11,996 19 ' liSRhode Island _ ,.f_ J 611 I 36 21 1,077 110 11 38South Carolina 93:\i .-' 61 " 5 23 3,880 11,815 23 117South Dakota _ ,T " 119 ° 19 945 18 20Teane..ee 91 ' ,. 119 53 22 1,628 - 3,613 26 116Teua 76 ';, 38 57 26 36,687 9,986 27 1111Otab . - {.' 33 18 21 3,088 33 23'....ODt - 155 0' 19 797 II 19'irginia 911" ;, ' 56 .. '1111 21 6,107 11,2112 18 38Vaab1aatoD 95 , 511 25 19 6,060 506 19 31Ve.t Virginia 83 ' ".. 38 ' ° 21 11,1111 202 31 110VisooD81n -" 98.- ,,,' 62 .' . .j 110 ' 20 5,585 1,515 18 55

..' .1fJC81q i '=-- ';': ''" 3a. -.Jl 22- 1.0110 20 a. -

TOTAL I :;,91 -, " ;: ' 56 112 23 3211,912 1110,112 21 1111

· CiU.. ot 100,000+population; ° .eana DOcity ot thia size; -aeans tewer than 25 births in the apeoitio category.

--- - ------ ---- ----

.Table 3: Birtbs to Teeaage Motbers iD the 100 Largest U.S. Cities, 1984

PerceDt of AllBirtbs to

)Raber of Birtbs by . PerceDt of Motbers UDderUs ot Mother. 1Q8J1 All Births to Age 20 iD WhichUDder Ages Motbers UDder the Motber Was

J.fJ8 15 18;-1Q A.e 20. 1Q8J1 UftIIIAI""ied.. 1Q8J1

AkroD'-.Ob1o 12 517 15 73

Albuquerque, Nev Mexico 22 911 14 61

1Dabeim, California 2 458 10 53

Atlanta, Georgia 10 1,519 21 89

AustiD, TeDS 28 1,110 1J1 48

Baltimore, Marrland 120 2,9J11 24 90

BatOD Rouge, Louisiana 34 734 15 68

Birm1Dgbam, Alabama 30 853 18 79

BostOD, Massachusetts 27 1,105 13 87

Butfalo, Nev York 31 819 16 82

Charlotte, North Carolina 34 780 16 17

CbattaDOop, TeDDessee 15 493 21 65

Chicago, nliDOis 335 9,939 19 85

CiDc1nnati, Ohio 49 1,354 19 77

Cleveland, Ohio 10 1,919 20 80

Colorado Springs, Colorado 4 618 12 40

Columbus, Georgia 24 532 20 60

Columbus, Ohio 46 1,455 14 70

Corpus Christi, Texas 18 101 15 33

Dallas, Texa8 103 3,518 19 64 .

Da,.tOD, Ohio 20 746 22 77

) Denver, Colorado 24 1,215 14 11

Des MoiDes, Iowa 5 429 12 61

Detroi t, MichigaD 125 3,654 20 81

El Paso, Texa8 15 1,528 15 38

FliDt, Michigan 21 621 21 68

Fort Lauderdale, Florida 19 654 15 '71

Fort W8J'De, IDdiana 12 450 15 .. ' 61

Fort Worth, Texas 53 1,700 19 . - 46

Fresno, California 20 1,066 15 ."-' 65

Gar,. , Indiaaa 15 -560 22 . . 88Grand Rapids, Michigan 24 512 15 57

Greensboro, North Carolina 13 .279 14 71

Honolulu, Hawaii 6 442 8 .. 62

HoustoD, Texas 180 5,912 16"

54

HUDtiDgtOD Beach, California 0 . 122 5 ,46

IDdianapoli8, IDdiana 51 2,071 11-.. # . 1 .

69

JacksoD, MiS8i8Sippi 41 631 18'. .

-=. .82

Jacksonville, Florida 42 1,656 16 ..... .". .J 58 -"-.

Jerse,. .Cit,., Nev Jer8e,. 21 .. 652 ., 17 ....-.: 83 .:

[aDsas City, Kan8as 16 573 20 :.Q:.....'.65 ....-c.

[aD88s'City, Missouri 29 1,215 17' _.....- I' .-. . 80

[Doxville, TeDnessee 8 393 18 : ," .. 56.

.' .Las Vepa, Nevada 18 136 14 ..... 47 i

LexiDgton-Fa,.ette, KentuckJ' 13 410 13 63

LiDcolD, Nebraska 8 248 9 64

Little Rock, ArkaDaas 11 ':::'447 15.. . .:..;." ".

. --72 :. ". .: '

Long Beach, California 26 . 969 13'.' ..;. 61

Los A06eles, California 196 1,110 12 . TO" I' .. .1 .

Louisville, [entualc1 41 _. 792 20 79 - .,."

Lubbock, TeDS 18 592 17 35

MadiSOD, Wiscon8iD 1 156 6 .-. - 10

Table 3: B1rths to Teeaaae Mothers in the 100 Larsest U.S. Cities, 1984(Continued)

)Humber ot B1rths byAjM o~ Mother. 1Q84Under ApsJp 15 11i-1Q

Percent otAll Births toMothers UnderAjM 20. 1Q84

Percent ot AllBirths to

Mothers UnderAp 20 in Vb1chthe MotherVaannm pi8d. 1Q84

_.~. .,

)

Memphis, TennesHe 81 2,02.11 18 .,' 82Mi8ll1, norida 60 2,030 16 ..,. . .',16

Milwaukee, Wiscons1n 68 2,008 18 . 8.11 .

Minneapolia, Minnesota 11 663 11 8.11Mobile, Alabama 28 548 17 16Montsomerr, Alabama 16 ' 476 16 15Hashville-Davidson, Tenn. 34 1,0.112 15 '63Hevark, Hev Jersey 55 1,348 26 90Hev Orleans, Louisiana 51 1,897 19'..' 83Hev York, Hev York 317 12,996 12 81Hortolk, Virginia 22 9.111 18 57Oakland, Calitornia 37 906 14 81OklahClla C1ty, Oklaboma 33 1,288 16 53Qlaaba, Hebraska 13 760 13 71Ph1ladelphia, Pennsylvania 120 4,364 18 ~86Phoenix, Arizona 46 2,473 16 62Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 24 . 744 14 _ 82Portland, Oregon 16 637 11 75Providence, Rhode Island 6 391 15 76Richmond, Virginia 14 557 17 85Riverside, California 10 574 13 53Rochester, HewYork 19 831 16 85Sacramento, California 28 1,272 14 63St. Louis, Missouri 43 1,679 22 87St. Paul, Minnesota 17 518 11 76St. Petersburg, Florida 19 532 17 .73Salt Lake City, utah 7 372 10 ., 53San Antonio, Texas 99 3,026 19 39San Diego, California 34 1,497 10 .61San francisco, California 24 756 . 8 . '73San Jose, California .' ., 42 1,522 ., 11 '" . ,.- 62Santa ADa, California '12 ,,9.112 14 ~ ."';.118Seattle, Washington 20 '573 . . 9:' . ,. 77Shreveport, Louisiana 35 827 22 ""76 ."Spokane, Washington 4 327 11 '. '6.11 .'Springtield, Massachusetts 10 '494 .19,. . .'. 82S7racuse, Hew York 16 477.. '17' .. .-.": =84 ; ''-!.,

Tacoma, Washington 7 431 14' . :. ': -'; 66 .. .Tampa; Florida 27 ,:.927 18, "~ .. :~. . .10 ...:'"TOledo, Ohio ":: 21 932 17 ...~,::. "~.:.;" .:7;15 'J:~'-Tucson, Arizona ,', 16 . 870 :-~ 13 . ' .~:.~.:~ . .'::~;:;51 .;.,;:Tulsa Oklaboma ., 24 .882' 14 .,-~. h':~"'-"", .J.~ r. t f 53 _' 'f ..'" .'

Virginia Beach, Virginia 12 511 9 -.~'.~, .~: ~: ~'~"51 .~",:~:Warren, Michigan 2 '.:145 9' "-::'::", ~ '~51 . '. :'''-Washington, D.C. . - 51 1,691 18 . ..' ',: ,:::'.92 ..':Wichita, Iansas 13 .809 .~ 13.'...,. ~.. 55 ~.~....Worcester, Massachusetts.. ..11 -~',308 ;', 13 "~.'" ::.:'.: ,.~72,.-~.~Youkers Hev York . 3 247 10;" "".-.' :" .4_', , A' f'\t..: '. ..19 .c '

. . - ~ -." ~ .. ..~Q.- ".- "'-

Sponsol'ed by: The Chal'les "Stev8JIt Mott' FOUftdat101!,~~.FllDt,Mie.iril~:":3~::\ ':~~'1~:. .~~.. . - - . .----.---....... ..4 .~.. ~ ....,~~~:}:i.&

Compiled by: Kristin A. Moore, Ph.D., Child Trends, Inc., 2100 MStreet, III,Washington, D.C., 20037, Ootober, 1986. . .' . ..

.'

Facts at a Glance

)1986

REFERENCES

FACTS ON BIRTHS TO U.S. TEENS

All data on births are from the National Center for HealthStatistics, Division of Vital Statistics, 3700 East-WestHighway, Hyattsville MD 20782. Data for 1984 are fromMonthly Vital Statistics Report, "Advance Report of FinalNatality Statistics, 1984, Vol. 35, No.4, Supplement,issued July 18, 1986. Data for 1980 are from MonthlY VitalStatistics Report, "Advance Report of Final NatalityStatistics, 1980," Vol. 31, No.8, Supplement, issuedNovember 30, 1982. Data for 1970 are from Monthlv VitalStatistics Report, "Final Natality Statistics, 1970," Vol.22, No. 12, Supplement, issued March 20, 1974.

. ABORTIONS

)

Data on abortions are collected by the Alan GuttmacherInstitute, 111 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003. Datafor 1983 are as yet unpublished and were provided by StanleyHenshaw. Earlier data are from Stanley Henshaw, NancyBinkin, Ellen Blaine and Jack Smith, "A Portrait of AmericanWomen Who Obtain Abortions," FamilY Planning Perspectives,Vol. 17, No.2 (March/April 1985), pages 90-95, and fromStanley Henshaw, Ed., Abortion Services in the UnitedStates, Each State and Metropolitan Area, 1979-1980, TheAlan Guttmacher Institute, New York, 1983. Data collectedby the Alan Guttmacher Institute show a higher incidence ofabortion than data reported to the federal government andare generally considered more complete. However trends inthe two data systems are very close. Recent data releasedby the Centers for Disease Control, Division of ReroductiveHealth, also show a decline in the number of abortions.This source is Centers for Disease Control, "AbortionSurveillance: Preliminary Analysis--United States,1982-1983, Atlanta, GA, issued in 1986.

WELFARE

Data on the proportion of AFDC recipients who were teenagemothers and the costs for AFDC, Medicaid, and Food Stampsfor their families are from Martha Burt, "Estimating thePublic Costs of Teenage Childbearing," ~Perspectives, Vol. 18, No. 5 (September70ctobe~

. .~

SINGLE:~ARENT FAMILIES)

Analyses on the effects of having a young mother on theprobability of living in a single-parent family wereconducted by Child Trends researcher Christine Winquist Nordusing data from the 1981 National Health Interview SurveyChild Health Supplement. This work was supported by theNational Institute of Child Health and Human Development,Grant Number HD19380-02, and is reported in a paper entitled"Children's Experience with Family Disruption: A Review, AnUpdate, and An Extension."

TRENDS IN SEXUAL ACTIVITY

Estimates of cohort changes in age at initiation ofintercourse were conducted using data from the NationalSurvey of Family Growth and are reported in a paper bySandra Hofferth, Joan Kahn and Wendy Baldwin, "Trends inTeen Sexual Activity Over the Past Three Decades," presentedat the 1986 Meeting of the Southern Regional DemographicGroup, Baltimore, MD, October, 1986, Table 3.

TRENDS IN PREGNANCY RATES

,r)These calculations were prepared by Sandra Hofferth, Ph.D.,Center for Population Research, National Institute for ChildHealth and Human Development, National Institutes of Health,Bethesda, MD 20205.

BIRTH DATA FOR STATES AND CITIES: TABLES 1 THROUGH 3

Unpublished data for 1984 were provided by Stephanie J.Ventura, A.M., Division of Vital Statistics, National Centerfor Health Statistics, 3700 East-West Highway, Hyattsvi11e,MD 20782. Vital Statistics data for 1980 are also from theNational Center for Health Statistics. Tablulations wereconducted by Child Trends staff.

Kristin A. Moore, Ph.D.Child Trends, Inc.2100 M Street, NWWashington, DC 20037