ChildFocusCommunityTransformationOverview

AcknowledgmentsTheChildFocusedCommunityTransformationModelandmaterialsweredevelopedoverseveralyears,andwithcountlesshoursofeffort.FoodfortheHungrygratefullyacknowledgesthemanypeoplewhocontributedtothismanual.OverfiftyFHstaffhavecontributedtoenvisioningandrefiningwhatCFCTistoday,andtheycomefromeveryregionandeverycountrywhereFHworks.Thefollowingpeoplehavecontributedtothistoolkitspecifically.

PrimaryContributorstothisToolkit AndrewBarnes RyanSmedes

LuisNoda VictorCortez CelesteBrown

OtherReviewersandAdvisorsinclude:JoelMercadoBlanco.UpdatestothisCFCTToolkit:UpdatestothisCFCTToolkitwillbemadeavailableandre-released.Asummaryofthechanges,datesoftheupdate,andtheversionnumbersisincludedbelowsoreaderscanbeassuredtheyhavethelatestcopyandalltheupdates.

Version Date Changes1.0 February2016 Original

Extractsfromthisguidemaybefreelyreproducedfornon-profitpurposeswithacknowledgementtotheauthor(s).Translations:Notavailableatthismoment.RecommendedCitation:FoodfortheHungry(2016).FHChildFocusedCommunityTransformationOverview:CFCTOverview,Washington,D.C.:FoodfortheHungry

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CFCTModelOverviewTABLEOFCONTENTSINTRODUCTION 4

DEVELOPMENTOFCFCT 4

WHATDOESCHILDFOCUSCOMMUNITYTRANSFORMATIONMEAN? 5

THEPROCESS 6

KEYCHARACTERISTICSOFCFCT 5

OURPROGRAMFOCUS 7

CHILDREN 7FAMILIES 8CHURCHES 8COMMUNITYLEADERS 9

WHOLISTICINTEGRATEDAPPROACH 9

INTEGRATIONOFBIBLICALWORLDVIEW 10THEPROMOTIONOFABIBLICALWORLDVIEW 10PROMOTINGTHEBIBLICALWORLDVIEWWITHSTAFF 10PROMOTINGTHEBIBLICALROLESOFPARENTS,LEADERSANDOTHERGROUPS 11THEROLEOFPARENTS 11THEROLEOFTHECHURCH 11WHERETHEREISNOCHURCH 12THEROLEOFLEADERS 13TRAINLEADERSONBIBLICALPEACEMAKING,HEALTHYRELATIONSHIPS,ANDCONFLICTRESOLUTION 13ENGAGINGWITHCHURCHANDOTHERLEADERSTOPARTICIPATEINLOCALMEETINGS 14

USEOFCENTRALLYCREATEDANDLOCALLYADAPTEDTRAININGCURRICULA 15

INTEGRATION 15

MONITORINGANDEVALUATIONOVERVIEW 15

PROGRAMKEYPERFORMANCEINDICATORS(KPIS) 16

CFCTMANUALSANDTOOLS 16

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IntroductionChildFocusedCommunityTransformation(CFCT)isFH’smodelfortransformationaldevelopment.AttheheartoftheCFCTmodelisthewelfareofthemostvulnerablepopulationinmostsocieties-children.TheCFCTmodelgrewoutofFH’sChildDevelopmentProgramanditsloveandcareforchildren,FH’sexpertiseinmulti-sectorialfoodsecurityprograms,andadesiretoseechildrenthriveinkeyrelationships1withinhealthyfamiliesandcommunities.ThiswillpermitthemtoreachtheirGod-givenpotentialwhiletheygrow.ThisdocumentismeanttogiveabriefoverviewoftheChildFocusedCommunityTransformationphilosophy,goalsandmethods.Othermoredetaileddocumentsareavailableandarereferencedonpage12ofthisoverview.

DevelopmentofCFCTBetween2005and2011,theconceptofCFCTbegantocrystalizethroughoutFH,particularlyinLatinAmerica.Beginningin2005,theChildDevelopmentProgram(CDP)CouncilbeganpromotinghowcountrystrategiesforchildsponsorshipcouldincludeaspectsdeemedtobethemosteffectivetoimpactthelivesofeverychildineachcommunitywhereFHworks.Thisphilosophyresultedincountrieschoosingavarietyofapproachestochild-focusedinterventionsinthecontextofchildsponsorship.Somecountrieswereabletodefineasinglestrategythatsolelyfocusedonthe“criticalneeds”ofchildrenintheircommunities.Initiallyfundedthroughchildsponsorshipbutincreasinglythroughotherresources,thegoalwasforallprogramstohavechild-focusedoutcomesastheirmainobjective.ByJune2010,stafffromtheLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanRegion(LACR)presenteda“ChildFocusedCommunityTransformationModel”attheGlobalLeadershipGatheringheldinRayong,Thailand.By2011,FHleadershipwasconvincedthatFHshouldpursueaunifiedmodelforcommunitytransformation,withchildbasedoutcomesasthefocus.CFCTwasidentifiedasthechiefvehiclethroughwhichthefieldbasedimplementationgoalsofitsstrategicplan,Envision2020,couldbemet.“ChildFocusedCommunityTransformation”wasadoptedasFH’sapproach,andwasofficiallylaunchedthroughaCFCTSummit,heldinSeptember2011.CFCTisthebaseofallFHprogrammodels.Whiletheremaybegreatdiversityofprojectsanddonors,therearesomethingsthatwewanttomakehappeneverywhere–inparticular,walkingwithchurches,leadersandfamilies,trainingthemintheessentialsofwhattheyneedtoknowtoleadGodlyandhealthylives.Thefollowingisalistofsomeofthebenefitsofthisstandardizedmodel:

1. Itcreatesaunifiedvisionforhowtoachievetransformationinworldview,relationships,andbehaviorthatcanbemeasuredandsharedwithothers.

2. BybasingCFCTonevidencebasedapproaches,itcanincreaseimpactonthemostvulnerable.

1AsmentionedinFH’sVision,MissionandValues(VMV),apersonhasfourkeyrelationshipsthatneedtobereconciledinorderforthispersontoexperiencewellbeing:a)therelationshipwithGod,b)therelationshipwithone’sself,c)therelationshipwithothers,andd)therelationshipwiththerestofHiscreation.

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3. Standardizationmakesiteasiertoequipstaff,localchurches,families,andcommunityleaderswithstateoftheartdevelopmentpracticesandanewvision

4. FocusingontheProgramKeyPerformanceIndicatorswillmakeFH’sprogramsmoremeasurable.

5. TheCFCTmodelutilizeslowercost,higherimpactmethodsthatcanincreasecosteffectivenessbydecreasingcostperbeneficiary.

ItisimportanttorememberthattheCFCTModelandthetoolsassociatedwithitarenot‘static’.Themodelmustbeadaptedandcontextualizedaccordingtolocalconditions.Changesshouldbemadeaswelearnwhat,andwhere,itworksbest.Changesresultingfromlearningarenotasignoffailurebutareasignthatthemodelis“alive”,strongandgrowing.FHpromotesalearningculture,allowingstaffandcommunitymemberstolearnfromboththeirsuccessesandtheirperceivedfailures.TheCFCTModelenablestheintegrationandharmonizationofFHprogrammingtoachieveourvision,missionandvalues(VMV)aslaidoutinthefiveVMVCoreComponents.Themodel:

• IsbasedonthetruththatGodistheFoundationandDesignerofgooddevelopment.• Enablesustofocusonthemostvulnerable,whichisGod’sheart.• Enablesustoseethecommunityanditspeoplewholisticallyandinpartnershipwiththem,

allowsustodevelopstrategiesthatarewholisticandintegrated.• Promotesmutuallytransformationalrelationshipsbyfacilitatinghealthyrelationshipsinthe

community,amongthechurch,theleadersandthefamilies,aswellasinstaffandindonors• Facilitatesimplementationstrategiesthatworkoutourpremisethatwell-beingflowsfromthe

processofpeopleandcommunitiesaligningtheirlivestoGod’sdesign,whichisalwaysforgood.CFCT’sendgoalisthetransformationofpeopleandtheircommunities.Whileaccountabilityforprogramexcellenceisshownthroughtheachievementofindicators,thegoalistransformation.CFCTalsohelpsimproverelationshipsandsocialcapital,formingimprovedbondsbetweenspouses,amongcommunitymembers,amongchurches,betweencommunitymembersandtheirleaders,andbetweenothersoutsidetheircommunities(e.g.,governmentworkers).

WhatdoesChildFocusCommunityTransformationmean?AcorecomponentofFH’svisionandmissionis“Ourultimatefocusisthemostvulnerable.”Childrenarethemostprominentandvulnerablepersonsinthecommunitiesweserveandtheydisproportionatelysufferfromdiseasesanddeath2.Theleveltowhichchildreninacommunityarethrivingornotthriving(suffering)isanexcellentmeasureofthespiritual,social,andeconomicwellbeingofacommunityingeneral.Furthermore,Godhasdesignedadults–eventhosewhoarevulnerableandinverychallengingcircumstances–tolookfirsttothesurvivalanddevelopmentorwellbeingoftheirchildren.Forthisreasonthetermchildfocusedisappliedinthenameofthemodel.Anotherimportantpointtoclarifyisthatchildfocuseddoesnotmeanactivityisfocusedsolelyonchildren.Thisisimportant,especiallyinthecontextofchildsponsorshipfunding.Sometimes,childsponsorsandpeopleincommunitiesthinkthatactivitiesfundedbysponsorshipmustdirectlyinvolveorbenefittheirchild.However,God’sdesignisthattheparentorguardiancaresfortheirchildren2ChildrenandyouthaccountforthemajorityofthepopulationinGlobalSouthcountries.Theyarenotonlythefuture,butthepresentoftheirsocieties.

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supportedbythechurch,theleaders,andothersinthecommunity–soactivitiesmustheavilyinvolvetheseparents.Therefore,themajorityoftheactivitiesintheCFCTmodelarefocusedonthefamily,churchandcommunityleadersinordertoequipthemtobettercareforandprovidefortheirchildren3.Weusetheterm“transformation”torefertotheSpiritdrivenprocessofradicalchangeinthebehaviors,attitudes,beliefs,andworldviewsofindividuals,communitiesorculturestowardslivinginhealthyrelationshipwithGod,others,andGod’screation.Weusetheterm“transformationaldevelopment”torefertotheworkstaffandcommunitymembersdoinordertoachievemutualtransformationtoadvanceandacceleratemeasurablewellbeingimprovementsofthemostvulnerable.

TheProcessAsstatedabove,thegoalofCFCTisthetransformationofindividualsandcommunities.FHunderstandsthattransformationisanexclusiveattributionoftheHolySpirit.Nevertheless,FHmustbeintentionalinseekingthisinterventionwiththisgoalinmind,throughaprocessofwalkingwithfamilies,churchesandcommunityleaders.ThefollowingdiagramillustrateswhatatypicalCFCTprocesswouldentail.Thestepsareinterconnectedandbuildupononeanother.

• Biblicalworldviewisatthecenterandthewholeprogramisbuiltuponit.• Preliminaryactionsincludeidentifyingvulnerablecommunities,buildingappropriate

relationshipsandformalpartnershipswiththosecommunitiesandtheirleaders,conductingaparticipatoryassessmentofthecommunity’ssituation,andjointlydevelopingthecommunity’stransformationplan.

3Example:inanAgricultureprojecttargetingsmallscalefarmersandtheirfamilies,theincreasesofproductionandfamilyincomeshouldtranslateinchildren’swellbeingincreases(lowermalnutrition,moreschoolattendanceandperformance,lessvulnerabilitytopreventablediseases,reductionsonfamilyviolence,andothers).

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• AftertheCommunityTransformation(CT)PlanisdevelopedFHandthecommunityleaderswillusuallyconcentrateonthemostrelevantdevelopmentsectors(basedonneed)includinghealth,disasterriskreduction,livelihoodsandeducation.

• Monitoringandevaluatingtheprogramprocessesandresultsisanintegralpartoftheprocess.MonitoringandEvaluation(M&E)providesfeedbacktothecommunityandFHstaffandhelpingallpartiestoseewhatisandwhatisnotworkingandmakechangesifnecessary,aswellastocelebrateachievements.

• Theultimategoaliscommunity“graduation”.GraduationoccurswhenthecommunityexhibitsthecapacitytocontinuetherestoftheCTPlanwithoutFH’spresence.Thelengthoftimerequiredfromidentifyingthecommunitytograduationwillvaryaccordingtothecontext.

KeyCharacteristicsofCFCTAsdescribedabove,CFCTisavastandambitiousprogrammaticmodelthatembracesandcreatesacommongroundforFH’sprojectsandprogramsworldwide.TosummarizeCFCT’skeycharacteristicsinclude:

• Aspecificapproachtoentering,partneringwithandgraduatingacommunity,sothattheyincreasinglyimplementtheirCommunityTransformationPlanbythemselves

• Physical/spiritualintegrationandtheapplicationofBiblicalworldviewineverythingwedo• Harnessingandmobilizingtheinvolvementofchurches,leaders,andfamilieswhile

strengtheningtheircapacities• ProgrammaticintegrationofFHinterventions(foursectors)irrespectiveofsourceoffunding• Evidence-basedbehaviorchangeandprogrammaticdesign• Focusonmeasuringresultsandlearningfromtheminordertobecomebetteratwhatwedo

OurProgramFocusChildrenWeaimtostrengthenandequipthecommunitytonurtureandprovideforchildrenasGoddesigned.Theultimateindicatorthatthefamily,churchandleadersaredoingthiswelliswitnessedintheimprovedwellbeingoftheirchildren.ThegoalistoseechildrenthrivingasGodintends.FHbelievesthatchildrenthrivebestwhentheyareinhealthyandfunctionalfamilies,whichinturnareembeddedinhealthyandfunctionalcommunities.ChilddevelopmenthappensinthecontextofcommunitytransformationandtheCFCTmodelhasbeendesignedtosupportthattransformation.TheModelwasdesignedafterconsideringquestionslike,HowdoesGodviewthechild?WhatisGod’sintentionforeachchild?Whatarethecriticalissuesandopportunitiesthataffecttheirdevelopment?HowcanFHbestsupport,equip,andenablethecommunitytoaddresstheseissues?

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TheCFCTmodelmovesawayfromprovidingprimarilymaterialresourcesupportandmovestowardsincreasingthecapacityofparentstosuccessfullyraisetheirchildren.AccordingtostudiesatMIT’sJameelPovertyActionLab(JPAL),oneofthemostcosteffectiveinterventionsineducationiseducatingparentsontheeconomicvalueofsendingtheirchildrentoschoolforaslongaspossible.Anyresourcesupportthatwedoinourprogramsmusthavealong-termstrategyinplacetoincreasethecapacityofparentstoprovidefortheneedsoftheirchildren,andtoincreasedemandandtheiradvocacyforservicesthattheycannotprovideontheirown.Shorttermresourcesupport(e.g.,tuitionforschooling,uniforms)isdeemphasizedintheCFCTModelinfavoroflongertermcapacitybuildingsolutionsandsolutionswhichhavebeenshowntobecost

effectiveandmoresustainable.Thereareexceptionstoeveryrule,butcareful

considerationisneededbeforeprovidingshort-termsupport.Forsomeresources,werealizethatexternalsupplieswillalwaysberequired–communitieswillnotmaketheirownvaccines,chlorineforwaterpurification,dewormingmedicine,orhighdosevitaminAcapsules.Inthosecases,itisimportanttoassurethatmechanismsremainsothatparentswillcontinuetohaveaccesstoimportantresourcesafteraprojecthasended,andthattheycanpayforresourcesnotprovidedbygovernmentorotheragenciesatnocost.Regardless,it’simportanttoaskthequestionabouteveryactivitywedo–whathappenswhentheprojectends?Theobjectiveistopreventthecreationofahand-outmentalityanddonordependencythatunderminesself-efficacy,ownershipandsustainability.

FamiliesGod,inHiswisdom,entrustschildrentofamiliesandassignstofamilies(andthentothelargercommunity)theresponsibilitytoprovideforandenabletheirchildrentodevelopasGodintends(theirGod-givenpotential).Thisispartofeachfamily’sresponsibilitytoincreasinglymeeteachother’sneeds.Questionstobeconsideredare:WhatisGod’sdesignforfamilies,andtheirrole?TheCFCTmodelanditstoolsandprocessesaimto:

• Restorefamilyvaluesby1)encouragingfamilyharmonyandjointdecisionmakingbetweenspousesand2)trainingandsupportparentsintheirGodgivenrole.

• Recognizeandbuildonthefamily’sresourcesandstrengths.• Measurechangeinhowthefamilynurturesandprovidesforthechildren.

ChurchesFHseekstomotivateandempowerchurchestoincreasinglyreachouttotheircommunities.Thismeanstoleadandparticipateinthedevelopmentoftheircommunitiesandthewellbeingoffamiliesand

InfluencesonChildWellbeing

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children.Thechurch(nomatterhowbigorsmall)isthebodyofChristinthecommunity.FHbelievesthatthechurchanditsmembersareresponsibletolivethelifeofJesusandshareHislove,andcare,withallmembersofthecommunity.TheCFCTModelwillthereforeemphasizethechurch’sroleinservingandmeetingtheneedsofothersinthecommunity,especiallychildrenandthemostvulnerable.

TheCFCTmodelanditstoolsandprocessesaimto:• Honorandstrengthentheroleofthechurchbylisteningtothechurchandtakingaparticipatory

planningapproachandposturewiththechurch.• Recognizeandbuildonthechurch’sresourcesandstrengths.• Measurechangeinhowthechurchfunctionsinitsrole.

CommunityLeadersTheCFCTModelemphasizestheroleofcommunityleadersthatareincreasinglysolvingtheproblemsintheircommunitiesasrelatedtothedevelopmentofchildrenandthemostvulnerable.Communitiesaremadeupofindividualsandfamiliesthatfunctiontogetherunderhigherlevelgovernmentstructuresandtheirleaders.Itisveryimportantthatthesecommunityleadershaveboththemotivationandcapacitytoidentifyopportunitiesandleadtheircommunities.Todoso,leadersmustunderstandandimplement“servantleadership.”Aservantleaderpracticesgoodgovernancewhilepursuingjusticeandpeaceforallinthecommunity,includingthosemostvulnerable.Theservantleaderisagoodstewardofcommunityresourcesandmobilizesthoseresourcestosolveproblems.

TheCFCTmodelanditstoolsandprocessesaimto:• Honorandstrengthentheroleoflocalcommunityleaders,bothformalandinformal,by

listeningtothemandtakingaparticipatoryplanningapproachwiththem.• Recognizeandbuildontheirresourcesandstrengths.• Measurechangeinhowtheyfunctionintheirroles.

WholisticIntegratedApproachSinceFH’sunderstandingofpovertyiswholistic,FH’sapproachiswholistic.Inordertotackletheproblemofpovertyweneedimprovementsindifferentsectoralareasforittobeeffective,andhopefullysustainable.Moreover,theindividualimprovementsinoneareaareoftensynergisticwiththeimprovementsinotherareasintermsofpovertyreduction.Wefocusonfourmainsectorstocreatethegeneralstrategiesweusetoapproachthecommunity:

• HEALTH: Hygiene, nutrition, maternal and newborn care, and disease prevention and treatment.

• LIVELIHOODS: Agriculture and livestock production, soil and water conservation, market linkages, and microfinance.

• EDUCATION: Early child development, early grade success, ongoing education opportunities, character building.

• EMERGENCY RESPONSE/DISASTER RISK REDUCTION: Community-managed risk assessment and disaster management planning.

Thecrosscuttingareas(Gender,Protection,EnvironmentandWorldview)arenotseparateinitiatives,butarewovenintoeachofthesectors.Theyshouldbetakenintoaccountatalllevels.

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IntegrationofBiblicalWorldviewFHbelievesthatovercomingallformsofpovertydependsonchangesinworldviewandmindset(orbeliefs/attitudes/values)thatresultinpositivebehavioralchange.TruetransformationaldevelopmentisbasedonachangetoaworldviewandmindsetthatalignswithrealityandGod’sintentionsanddesign.Godhasadevelopmentplanforhumans4,individuallyandcollectively,andasFH,wewanttoalignourselvestoHisplanforouractionstobetransformationalandtrulysustainable.

ThepromotionofaBiblicalworldviewThepromotionofaBiblicalworldviewshouldbeintegratedintotheprogrammaticdesignofallfoursectors,staffandcommunitytraining,andoverallprogramdesign.WeknowthatBiblicalworldviewisakeydriverfortransformationandwanttobemoreconsistentinadvancingthatinpracticalways.Biblicalworldviewneedstobethefoundationofourmessagingandrelationships.ThesethemesarepromotedthroughoutthetoolsdevelopedforCFCT.ABiblicalworldviewpromoteshopeandcombatsfatalismincommunitiesinwhichwework.IfwebelievethatonedayGodwillbringrestorationandfulfillmenttohisbrokencreation,andthatweasHischildrenshouldbeworkingtowardsthisreconciliation,thisishopetocommunitieslivinginpoverty.TheremaybecommunitiesandcountrieswhereitiseasytopromoteBiblicalworldviewandsharingaboutJesusisculturallyacceptable.However,therearefieldswhereovertlypromotingBiblicalworldviewisdifficultornotpossible.WecanstillpromoteaBiblicalworldviewintheseplacesthroughourserviceandgenuineloveforpeople.However,weshouldbesensitiveinhowwedothis.ThesearethesituationswherewemustpromoteBiblicallyconsistentvaluesandprinciplesinourwork.Forexample,amessagefromtheBibleisthatGodcreatedmenandwomeninGod’simage,andtheyhaveequalvalueandworth.ABiblicallyconsistentmessageisthefollowing:Menandwomenhaveuniquegiftsandtalents,andareequallyvaluable.WhilethemessageisconsistentwiththeBiblicalmessage,andhelpspreparethewayforthefullgospel,itisphrasedinawaythatismoreacceptableinpredominantlynonChristiancontexts,andwhichcaneasilybeusedingovernmentfundedprograms.

PromotingtheBiblicalWorldviewwithstaffItisimportantforsupervisorsandotherstoencourageandcoachstaffinmodelingBiblicalbehaviorandvalues.TrainingonFH’sVision,MissionandValues(VMV)ishelpfulindevelopingstaffunderstandingofBiblicalworldviewandvalues.StaffcanalsoconsiderusingotherFHresources.ThefirstCoreComponentofFH’sVMVisthatOurFoundationisGod:“FocusedonGod’spurposes,pointingtoGod,hischaracter,hiswork,hislove,hisplan.WeacknowledgeGodasthemainsourcefortransformation.”AconnectionwithGodisfoundational,andprayeristhemeansbywhichGodcallsustomaintainourrelationshipwithhim.Prayeris,therefore,thefoundationforeverythingthatFHdoes.WeneedGod’swisdomandGod’sinputaswewalkwithchurches,leadersandfamilies.Thebestwaythatwecangetthisisthroughregulartimesofprayer.Colossians4:6says,“Beanxiousfornothing,butineverythingbyprayerandsupplicationwiththanksgivingletyourrequestsbemadeknowntoGod.”

4God’sdevelopmentplanforhumansandthisworldcanbesummarizedin4phases:Creation,TheFall,Redemption,andRestoration/Consummation.ReferencetheVMVParticipantGuideformoreinformation.

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Itisessentialthateachfieldoffice(FO)setasideregulartimesforprayerandstaffdevotions.Inaddition,itisstronglyencouragedthattheleadershipineachofthoseofficesfosteracultureandatmosphereofregularprayeroutsideofprayermeetings.Itisimportantforourstafftohavetimetosharetheirpersonalprayerrequestsandconcerns.Supervisorsneedtoprayforandwiththosethattheymanage.Itisencouragedthatworkmeetingswithstaffstartandendwithprayer.5TimesofcelebrationandpraiseshouldbeaddedintotheregularschedulesofyourofficetoshareandcelebratewhatGodhasdone.Oneideawouldbetoaddaregularlyscheduledtimeforcelebrationsandpraiseintoyour“allstaff”meetings.Somefieldschoosetohavestaffretreats.Ifthisisdoneinyourcountry,anextendedsharingandpraisesessionshouldbeaddedtotheactivities.

PromotingtheBiblicalrolesofparents,thechurchandcommunityleadersOurmissionstatementalsosaysthatwewalkwithchurches,leadersandfamiliesinovercomingallformsofhumanpoverty.WeknowthatGodisourfoundationandHehasrevealedHimselftousinGod’sWord,thereforewemustconsidertheBiblicalrolesthatGodhasmandatedforfamilies,churchesandleaders.Wemustalsoencourage,strengthenandbuildthecapacityofcommunitymemberstoassumetheseroles.

TheRoleofParentsGod’sWordisclearthatparentsandguardiansaretotakeanactiveroleincaringfortheirchildren.TheBiblecommandsparentsandguardiansto“train”theirchildren,to“direct”theirhouseholdsandto“bringup”theirchildren.Allofthesewordsareactivewords,suggestinganactiveratherthanapassiveroleinparenting.1Timothy5:8clearlysaysthatfamiliesaretoprovidefortheirownfamilymembersandespeciallythosefamilymembersthatliveintheirownhouseholds(children).Fromtheseverses,weseethatparentsandguardiansaretotakeanactiveroleintheeducationoftheirchildren(spiritual,socialandformal)andprovisionfortheirneeds.OurworkmustalwaysstrengthenandencouragetheBiblicalrolesoffamilies,andwalkalongsideofthemandsupportthem–notsupplanttheirrole–tohelpthemincreasinglymeettheirGodgivenpotential.

TheRoleoftheChurchTheChurchisthebodyofJesusChrist,Hisvisiblepresenceintheworld.AsanorganizationFHrecognizesthat,“TheroleofthechurchistoactivelysharetheloveofJesuswithallmembersofthecommunity,revealingGod’sintentions,teachingGod’struthasitisappliedinallareasoflifeandreachingouttomeettheneedsofothersinthecommunity.”InMicah6:8,weseethatbelieversarecommandedbyGod,“todojustice,lovekindnessandwalkhumblywithGod.”AllbelieversaregiventheinstructionsinMark12:28-31tofollowthetwogreatestcommandmentsto,“LovetheLordGodwithall

5FHasaChristianorganizationreceivesfundsfromdonorswhorestricttheuseofthosefunds.FHstaffmembershavearight,however,togatherforprayerandparticipateinreligiouslife,aslongasbeneficiariesarenotpresent.FHstaffwhoworkforprojectsfundedbydonorsthatrestricttheuseoftheirfundswithbeneficiariesmustbesensitivetotheserules,andensurethattheyarefollowedexactly.See(section5below)thataddressesthisissue.

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theirheart,soul,mindandstrengthandlovetheirneighborsasthemselves.”InMatthew5:13-16,weseeJesusreferringtothechurch(hisbodyofbelievers)as“thesaltoftheearth”and“thelightoftheworld.”Finally,JesusgivesseveralchargestohisfollowersinMatthew28andActs1:7-8.Hetellsthemto,“gointoalltheworldandpreachthegospel”andto“behiswitnesses,totheendoftheearth.”OneofFH’sresponsibilitiesistostrengthenchurchesandtohelpthemassumetherolethatGodhasplannedforthem.Godintendsthatthechurch’sroleistopreachthegospel,toadvocateforpeaceandthejusttreatmentforallmembersofthecommunity,tocommitkindactsforthecommunity(service),toloveGodandneighborsandtobesaltandlightbyshowingGod’slovetoeveryoneinthecommunity.ABiblicalworldviewrecognizesthatallrelationshipswerebrokeninthefall.God’sintentionisthatthechurchbeginsGod’sworkofrestorationofbrokenrelationshipsbyreachingouttothecommunity.ThechurchhasaclearlydefinedrolebyGodandaveryspecificjobtodo.OurjobasFHistosupportthechurchintheirrole(andnottosupplantit).Anyprogramweengageinwithchurchesorabodyofbelieversshouldseektostrengthentheirrole.ChurchesandbodiesofbelieversareaninstitutionformedbyGodtobeavisiblepresenceinthecommunity.Theywillbepresentinthecommunitylongafterourworkhasfinished.Inmanycommunitiesandnations,asmanyNGOscomeandgo,theoldestandmostlonglivedinstitutionsarechurchesandotherpara-churchorganizations.Ourprogramsshouldseektostrengthenthechurch’sabilitytoreachoutintotheircommunitysharingtheloveofGodinwordanddeed.IntheCFCTmodel,strengtheningthechurch’srolewillinvolveregulartrainingsusingthesuiteoftoolsdesignedforleaders,withonemanual(theChurchLeadersTrainingManual)specificallygearedtowardchurches.Thegoalistoinformandencouragepastorsandchurchleaderstoreachouttotheircommunitiesandservethem.ThemodulesweuseintheCascadeGroupswillalsohelpstrengthenchurchmembers’understandingoftheirroleinthecommunity,church,andfamily.InadditiontoourstandardCFCTtrainingthereareexcellentorganizationspartneringwithFHwhoprovidetrainingstopastorsandchurchleaders.Anotherwaythatwecanstrengthentheroleofchurchesistoinvitethemtotakepartintheactivitiesthatweundertakeandtopromotethattheyhaveaseatatthetableincommunityleadershipgroups.

WherethereisnochurchFoodfortheHungryhastheprivilegeofwalkingwithcommunitieswherenochurchexists(orthechurchispersecuted).ItisaprivilegeandahighcallingofFHtoshowChrist’slovetothesecommunities.Thereareseveralstepsthatcanbetaken.

• First,wherethereisnochurchwemustbuildrelationships.ThethirdCoreComponentofFH’sVMVstates,“Ourworkisrelational.”Ourmostimportantjobwillbetobuildrelationshipsandtrustinthecommunity.

• Second,aswebuildrelationshipsandtrust,itwillbecomepossibletoshareBiblicalvaluesandtruth.WeknowfromPsalm19:1-4(“TheheavensdeclarethegloryofGod…”)thatGod’sWordextendstothosecountrieswherenochurchexists.Anaturalentrypoint–andoftenourprimaryrole–willbetointroduceBiblicalvaluesintocommunitiesthroughourwork.Forexample,whenwearepromotingeducationofgirls,weshouldpromotetheBiblicalvaluethatallchildrenhaveequalvaluebecausetheyarecreatedintheimageofGod.Thispromotionof

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Biblicalvalueshelpspreparepeoplefortheproclamationofthefullgospeloncethechurchbeginsworkinacommunity,andhelpstoalignpeopletoGod’swillpriortothattime.

• Third,God’splanisthatchurchesbesaltandlightandreachouttotheircommunities.Therefore,whereitisappropriate,weneedtopartnerwithappropriatelocal,nationalorinternationalchurchplantingorganizationsthatcanbeginestablishingthechurchinthecommunitieswherewework.Ourprimaryroleisnotthatofachurchplantingorganization.Ifthechurchisweakornonexistentinyourcountry,itwillbeveryimportanttoyourministryandthetransformationofthecommunitythatyoubuildstrongrelationshipswithchurchplantingorganizationsthatoperateinyourcountry.Ifyouarenotawareofoperationalchurchplantingorganizations,contactanAffiliateOffice.Theymaybeawareoforganizationsbasedintheircountrythatareoperatinginyourfieldcountry.

TheRoleofLeadersLeadersareallthosewhohavearoleofinfluenceinthecommunity.Theymaybeformallyrecognizedandelectedleaders,ortheymaybetheequallyinfluentialinformalleaderswhocommunitymembersgotoforadviceandguidance.Godintendsthatallleadersinthecommunityleadtheirmemberstowardshisintentions,bothindividuallyandcollectively,andhelpthemfulfilltheirGodgivenroles.Leadersshouldbeencouragedtohelpparentsmeettheneedsoftheirchildrenandtoencourageandallowchurchestomeettheneedsoftheircommunity.Inaddition,leadersmustpracticeservantleadershipandbegoodstewardsoftheresourcesintheircommunity.Godintendsthatleadersexhibitthecharacteristicsofservantleaders,andworkforthecare,protectionandjusttreatmentofallthoseinthecommunity,especiallythemostvulnerable,thechildrenofthatcommunity.God’sBiblicalroleofleadersisthattheyincreasinglyseektomeettheneedsofthoseinthecommunityabovetheirown.WeseethisprincipleinPhilippians2:3-4,“Donothingfromselfishnessoremptyconceit,butwithhumilityofmindregardoneanotherasmoreimportantthanyourselves;donotmerelylookoutforyourownpersonalinterests,butalsofortheinterestsofothers.”Asanorganization,wemustencourageleaderstopracticeservantleadership,servingandmeetingtheneedsofthemostvulnerable.Godalsocallsleaderstobegoodstewardsoftheresourcesandopportunitiesoftheircommunities.Theymuststewardresourceswellsothattheybenefitothersandarenotusedforpersonalgain.1Peter4:10itsays,“Aseachonehasreceivedaspecialgift,employitinservingoneanotherasgoodstewardsofthemanifoldgraceofGod.”FH’sprimaryroleindevelopingleadersistoencouragethemtoembracetheirrole,asGodintends.

Trainleadersonbiblicalpeacemaking,healthyrelationships,andconflictresolution TheNewTestamentexplainswhywefeelthatitisimportantforleaderstopracticepeacemaking,healthyrelationshipsandconflictresolution.James3:17-18says,“Butthewisdomthatcomesfromheavenisfirstofallpure;thenpeace-loving,considerate,submissive,fullofmercyandgoodfruit,impartialandsincere.Peacemakerswhosowinpeaceraiseaharvestofrighteousness.”John17:23remindsusthatJesus’desireforusistobe“broughttocompleteunitytolettheworldknowthatyousentmeandhavelovedthem….”WedesiretoshareBiblicaltruthonpeacemaking,healthyrelationshipsandconflictresolutionbecauseitisthewisdomthatcomesfromheaven.Interpersonal

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conflictisalsoakeybarriertodevelopmentinmanycommunities.FHservesinmanypostconflictcommunitieswherewisdomfromheavenonBiblicallysolvingconflictiscriticallyneeded.Wealsoknowthatintimatepartnerviolence(includingdomesticabuse)isamajorprobleminmostofthecountrieswherewework.Whenweraiseuppeacemakersincommunitiesandfamilies,wewillbeharvestingrighteousnessinthesesamecommunitiesandfamilies.Thustrainingandmodelinginpeacemaking,healthyrelationshipsandconflictresolutioniscriticaltoourgoals.IntheCFCTmodel,thistrainingwillhappenwithbothformalandinformalleaders,householdsandthroughformaltrainingandinformalmodelingbyFHstaff.Firstly,wewillprovideformaltrainingtotherecognizedleadersofacommunitythroughourCommunityLeadersTraining.Thistrainingwillfocusonmanytopics,butconflictresolutionisthefocusofatleastoneoftheselessons,andtheexpectationistoaddmoreovertime.OurdesireistoseeformalleadersinthecommunitypracticingBiblicalconflictresolutionsothattheywillmodelthisbehaviorforthosethattheylead.Bytrainingformalleadersonconflictresolution,Biblicalpeacemakingandhealthyrelationships–andsharingthisinformationwitheveryhouseholdwithachildthroughtheCascadeGroups6–wedesiretoreapaharvestofrighteousnessinthecommunityandseeentirecommunitiesstrengthenedastheirrelationshipsbecomestrongerandstronger.Weknowthatshocksinpeople’slives(e.g.,lostlivelihoods,disasters,conflicts,insecurity)sometimesresultininappropriateandungodlyorunhealthyresponsestothoseshocks(e.g.,increasesinalcoholanddruguse,sexualabuse,depressionandanxiety).Wehopethatourworkinstrengtheningpersonalresiliencewillalsoleadtodevelopmentofresilienceinparentsandotherswhocanbetterwithstandshocksintheirliveswithoutresortingtoviolence,discord,andunhealthyresponses.Studieshaveshownthatbuildingsocialcapital(aswewillbedoingthroughtheCascadeGroupsandotherformedgroups)–buildingrelationshipsamongpeoplewithinneighborhoods,betweenneighborhoods,andbeyondneighborhoods–isalsousefultoaidpeopleinrecoveringfromtheseshocksmorequicklyandcompletely.

EngagingwithchurchandotherleaderstoparticipateinlocalmeetingsFHstaffshouldengagewithchurchandgovernmentleaders(e.g.,encouragingcommunitymemberstoparticipateinallmeetingswithlocal,district,andmunicipalgovernment).AstrengthoftheCFCTmodelisitsconcentratedfocusonwalkingwithleadersthroughcapacitybuildingandleadershiptraining.FHstaffwillberegularlyengagingwithleadersthroughthecommunityandchurchleaderstrainingmanuals.However,communitymembersmustalsobeencouragedtoregularlyengagewiththeseleaders,andtoengagewithleadersoutsideofthecommunity(e.g.,governmentministryleaders,politicalleaders).Engagementwithchurchandgovernmentleadersbycommunitymemberswilllookdifferentforeveryfield.Insomefields,communitymembersmayhaveregularandopenaccesstochurchandgovernmentleaders.Inotherplaces,civilsocietyinvolvementingovernmentsismorerestrictedorevendangerous.Persistenceandsensitivityiskeyinhelpingmoretraditional,authoritarianculturestoseethatitisappropriateandacceptabletoapproachleadersandengagewiththeminaculturallyrespectfulmanner.6IntheCascadeGroupmodel,agroupof10-16volunteerpeereducators–chosenbytheirpeerswithguidancefromFH–istrainedonaparticulartopicbythePromoterandequippedtosharethisinformationwithasetnumber(6-15)ofhouseholdsinthecommunity.EachCascadeGroupVolunteeristhenresponsibleforvisitingandsharingthisinformationwiththe10-16householdsintheirchargeintheirneighborhoodeverytwoweeks.AsweusetheCascadeGroupmodelforteachingBiblicalconflictresolution,peacemakingandhealthyrelationships,thisinformationandrelatedskillswillcascade,justlikeawaterfall,toeveryfamilywithchildreninthecommunity,oftenreaching90%ofallhouseholds.

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Themorethatwecanencouragecommunitymemberstobeinvolvedwiththeleadersintheircommunity(andbeyond)andbeactiveandinvolvedcitizens,themoresustainabletheirtransformationwillbe.Ourdesireistoseeactiveandinvolvedcommunitymembersbeingledbyleaderswhoareresponsivetocommunityneedsandapproachableinhearingcommunityconcerns.

UseofCentrallyCreatedandLocallyAdaptedTrainingCurriculaStandardizingourministrybyusingthetools–includingtrainingmanuals–intheCFCTmodelhasseveraladvantages.First,usingstandardizedtrainingmanualsandindicatorsincreasesoureffectivenessandmakesiteasiertomeasure.Thestandardizedcurriculahelptoimprovecapacityandcreatemoreopportunitiesforsuccess,becausethecurriculauseprovenbestpracticesandteaching(pedagogical)methods.Thecommonglobalprogrammodelenablesustospeakthesameprogrammatic“language”acrossRegionsandFields.Finally,throughsharingbestpracticesthroughacommonlanguage,wewillbemorelikelytocreateavirtuouscycleofimprovingtheefficacyandefficiencyofthemodelcollectively(itsquality).ItshouldberememberedthatthestandardCFCTmodelwasmeanttobeadaptedtolocalconditions,therefore,FHstaffarepermittedtomodifyCFCT’strainingmanualsbasedonbaselines,followupassessmentsandculturalissues.

IntegrationofFundingSourcesTheCFCTmodelservestointegrateallFHresourcesatthecommunitylevel–includingfunding.AnyresourcethatispursuedbyFHstaffisexpectedtobeviewedthroughthelensofCFCT.SponsorshipfundingisonlyoneofthepossibleFHresourcesthatfundtheCFCTmodel.Itisnotarequiredresource.OtherfundingtypescanfullyfundtheimplementationoftheCFCTmodel.AllfundingresourcesthatFHpursuesshouldbeusedtosupportthegoalsofCFCT.ItisassumedthatfundsraisedthroughsponsorshipwillbeasubstantialportionoftheresourcesneededtoimplementCFCT.Insomecases,suchasgovernmentfundedprograms,sponsorshipandotherresourceswillbeneededtosupporteffortsthatthosedonorsareunwillingtofund.

MonitoringandEvaluationOverviewAnimportantpartoftheCFCTmodelisimprovedmeasurementofallFHprograms.ThereareseveralkeyreasonswewanttohavebettermeasurementofFHprograms:• SothatGodcanbeglorified• Toshowchangesinourprogramstodonors• Tolearnwhatworksanddoesn’tworkintransformationaldevelopment• SothatwecancommunicatewellaboutFHasawholetostakeholders

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AllprojectsarerequiredtomeasurealimitedsetofProgramKeyPerformanceIndicators(KPIs)everytwoyears.ThereareProgramKPIsforeachsector,aswellasafewcross-sectorialones(e.g.,CommunityandChurchLeaderstraining,worldview).Programstaffshouldreviewchangesinindicatorseverytwoyears,andpayparticularimportancetothoseforwhichtherehasbeenastatisticallysignificantchange.Forsomeindicatorsthatmovemoreslowly,staffmaychoosetowaituntilthefouryearmarktoseeifchangesareseenatthattime.WhileitmaybeachallengeforsomesmallerfieldstomeasureProgramKPIseverytwoyears,pleasekeepinmindthatwehavesuggestedsmallsamplesizes(usingLotQualityAssuranceSampling,LQAS)asawaytominimizethetimerequiredtomeasureindicators.Also,measurementofindicatorsmorefrequentlycanhelpfieldstoreadjusttheirapproachwhenresultsarenotbeingseen.Sometimesaprogramwillfindthattheirmonitoringsystemshowsthatallactivitiesarebeingcompletedasplanned,butwhenresultsandimpactindicatorsaremeasured,fewifanychangesareseen.Goodmonitoringofinputs,activities,andoutputsisnotasubstituteforfairlyregular(e.g.,everytwoyears)measurementofoutcomes,results,andimpactlevelindicators.Staffmembersareencouragedtouseresultsfromthequantitativetools(e.g.,KBPCsurveys,BarrierAnalysisStudies,LocalDeterminantsofMalnutritionStudies)andqualitativetools(e.g.,FocusGroupDiscussionguides,PRAtoolsusedaspartoftheWholisticCommunityAppraisal)togethertomakedecisionsonwhatinterventions,activitiesandbehaviorchangemessagesareneededinagivenprojectarea.Moreopenendedqualitativetools(e.g.,FocusGroupDiscussions)areusuallyusedfirstinordertoidentifypossibleproblemsorsituationsthatthencanbemeasuredandquantifiedusingquantitativetools.Qualitativemethodscanbeusefulinanswering“why”and“how”questions,andsensingemotionandstrengthofattitudes.Quantitativemethodsaremoreusefulforanswering“howmany,”“whatpercent”,and“who”questions.Bothshouldbeusedtogetagoodfeelforthecommunitiesinwhichwework.

ProgramKeyPerformanceIndicators(KPIs)TheGlobalKeyPerformanceIndicators(KPIs)aretheminimumprogrammeasurementrequirementssetforthinEnvision2020.TheseindicatorswereselectedwithinputfromtheMinistryServicesTeams(MST)foreachsector.EachMinistryServicesTeamismadeupofrepresentativesfromeachregionthatpossessesextensiveexperienceinthesectorthattheyrepresent.Foreachsector,theMSTconsideredpossibleindicatorsfocusingonwellbeingimpact,discussedselectionofpossibleindicatorsandvotedonthebestProgramKPI(s)fortheirsector.

CFCTManualsandToolsFHhasproducedasignificantnumberofmanualsandtoolsdesignedtohelpandguideFH’sstaffimplementCFCT.AllofthesematerialscanbefoundontheCFCTResourcepageinFHConnect,FH’sintranetforinformingandinspiringFHStaffworldwide.GeneralinformationaboutCFCTcanalsobefoundthere.Thefollowinglisthighlightsthemostimportantmanualsandtoolsdevelopedtodate:

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Manual/Tool Purpose/contentModelImplementationManual DetailedexplanationsaboutwhatCFCTisandhow

everythingfitstogetherProgramQualityStandards ModelandprogramsectorstandardsM&EToolkit ProgramIndicators,M&Etools,andhowtousethemVulnerability&CommunityClusterSelectionManual

Howtoselectaclusterofcommunities

HolisiticCommunityAssessment,StakeholderMeetingsandMOU

Howtoenteracommunity

CommunityLeadersTrainingManual TrainingcontentforcommunityleadersChurchLeadersTrainingManual TrainingcontentforchurchleadersCascadeGroupManual HowtoimplementcascadegroupsHealthManual ListofhealthessentialtopicsCommunityManagementofDRR HowtoconductaDRRcommunityassessmentandplanSavingsGroupManual HowtoimplementsavinggroupsNote:MoretoolsonLivelihoodsandEducationareforthcoming.TheywillbeuploadedtoFHConnectuponcompletion.