CHILD DEVELOPMENT THEORISTS

Mrs. Beryl ThorntonColleton County High School

2012

Physical

Emotional

Social

Intellectual

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

• Series of Stages• Emotional Experiences of

Childhood affect Adult Life• http://allpsych.com/psychology101/ego.html

Maria Montessori (1870-1952)

• Learn by using their senses• Learn best when pursuing

their interests• Give children objects to

Manipulate to exercise senses. http://www.michaelolaf.net/1CW312MI.html

• http://www.bgmontessori.com/montessori/101

Arnold Gesell (1880-1961)

• Developed a Typical Order of Mastery• Typical Rate of Development• http://www.education.com/reference/article/arnold-gesell-child-learning-development

-theory/

Jean Piaget (1896-1980)• First Scientific Study of Children• Four Stages of Thinking that Shape how they

see and learn about the world.– Sensorimotor (0-2 years)–Preoperational (2-7 years)–Concrete Operations (7-11)– Formal Operations (11-adult)

• Provide activities and materials suitable to each stage. http://psychohawks.wordpress.com/2010/09/05/theories-of-cognitive-development-jean-piaget/

Lev Vygotsky (1898-1934)

• Biological & Cultural experiences influence ability to think & learn.• Social contact is essential for

intellectual development.• Provide many opportunities for

social interaction to develop intellectually. http://www.learning-theories.com/vygotskys-social-learning-theory.html

Erik Erikson (1902-1994)

• Each Stage includes a Unique Psychological Crisis which affects future development.• Needs should be met with positive care at

each stage.• Examples: Trust vs. mistrust

Autonomy vs. Shame, Separation anxiety

http://psychology.about.com/od/psychosocialtheories/a/psychosocial.htm

B. F. Skinner (1904-1990)

• Child’s actions bring positive effects--action will be repeated.• Negative results occur, child will

eventually stop the action.• Rewards and punishments can

influence a child’s behavior.• http://www.kidsdevelopment.co.uk/bfskinnersbehaviouraltheory.html

Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)• Pyramid of needs:• Self Actualization• Self Esteem• Belonging• Love• Safety• Physical Needs

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow's_hierarchy_of_needs

Albert Bandura (1925-

• Learn by Modeling• Behavior also affects

environment• Children need good examples

of behavior.• http://www.learning-theories.com/social-learning-theory-bandura.html

Robert Coles (1929-

• Moral Development is learned.• Adult Moral Behavior Examples

are important.

• http://www.pbs.org/newshour/gergen/february97/coles_2-21.html

Howard Gardner (1943- )Multiple Intelligences Theory of Learning• Linguistic• Logical-mathematical• Spatial• Bodily-kinesthetic• Musical• Interpersonal• Intrapersonal• http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/gardner.shtml

WORKS CITEDBrisbane, Holly. “Understanding Childhood.” The Developing Child. Glencoe, New York: 2004.

“Sigmund Freud,” All about Psychology. http://allpsych.com/psychology101/ego.html September 23, 2012.

“Arnold Gesell” Education. www.education.com/reference/article/arnold-gesell-child-learning-development- theory . September 23, 2012.

“Abraham Maslow.” Wikipedia in England. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow's_hierarchy_of_needs . Sept. 23, 2012.

“Howard Gardner.” Indiana University. http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/gardner.shtml ,Sept. 23, 2012.

“Albert Bandura.” Learning Theories. http://www.learning-theories.com/social-learning-theory-bandura.html

“Maria Montessori.” Michael OLAF http://www.michaelolaf.net/1CW312MI.html Sept. 23, 2012.

“Montessori 101.” Montessori Children’s House. www.montessori.com/montessori/101 September 29,2012.

“Robert Coles.” Public Broadcasting Station. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/gergen/february97/coles_2- 21.html Sept. 23, 2012.

“Jean Piaget.” Psychology Hawks. http://psychohawks.wordpress.com/2010/09/05/theorieof-cognitive-development-jean-piaget/ September 23, 2012.