Child Development Quick Review Tables

Dpt. Aamir Memon

8/21/2013

DEVELOPMENT OF TOUCH, TASTE, SMELL, BALANCE, AND HEARING Age Touch Taste and Smell Balance Hearing Birth →Is responsive to touch and

pain

→Can distinguish objects placed

in palm

→Distinguishes sweet, sour, and bitter tastes;

prefers sweetness

→Distinguishes odors; prefers those of sweet-

tasting foods

→Prefers smell of own mother’s amniotic fluid

and the lactating breast

→Adapts head movements to

optical flow

→Prefers complex sounds to pure tones

→Can distinguish some sound patterns

→Recognizes differences between almost all speech sounds

→Turns in the general direction of a sound

1–6 months →Frequently engages in

exploratory mouthing of objects

→Prefers salt solution to plain water

→Taste preferences are easily changed through

experience

→As motor control improves,

postural adjustments to optical flow

become more precise

→Organizes sounds into more complex patterns, such as musical

phrases

→Can identify the location of a sound more precisely

→By the end of this period, is sensitive to syllable stress patterns in

own language

7–12 months →Makes anticipatory postural

adjustments to avoid loss of

balance

→ “Screens out” sounds not used in own language

→Perceives larger speech units crucial to understanding meaning

VISUAL DEVELOPMENT IN INFANCY Age Acuity, Color Perception,

Age Focusing, and Exploration Depth Perception Pattern Perception Object Perception

Birth–1 month

→Visual acuity is 20/600

→Scans the visual field and tracks

moving objects

→Responds to kinetic depth

cues

→Prefers large, bold patterns

→Scans the edges of a static pattern and focuses on

single features

→Prefers simple, face-like stimuli

→Prefers attractive faces to less attractive ones

→Displays size and shape constancy

2–3

months

→Has adult like focusing ability

→Perceives colors across entire

spectrum

→Scans more thoroughly and

systematically

→Responds to binocular

depth cues

→Prefers patterns with finer details

→Thoroughly scans internal pattern features

→Begins to perceive overall pattern structure

→Prefers complex, static image of a face

→Recognizes mother’s face and distinguishes

features of different faces

→Uses motion and spatial arrangement to identify

objects

4–5 months

→Sensitivity to binocular

depth cues improves

→Detects subjective boundaries in patterns →Uses shape, color, and texture to identify objects

→Perceives an object’s path of movement without

seeing the entire path

4–5 months

→Visual acuity improves to near

20/20

→Scans visual field and tracks

moving objects more efficiently

→Responds to pictorial

depth cues

→Avoids crawling over deep

side of visual cliff

→Perceives patterns (such as human walking

movements and facial expressions of emotion) as meaningful wholes

10-12 months

→Can extract pattern information in the absence of a

full image (from a moving light or partial picture)

GROSS AND FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIRST TWO YEARS Motor Skill Average Age Achieved Age Range in Which 90% of Infants Achieve

the Skill When held upright, holds head erect and steady 6 weeks 3 weeks–4 months

When prone, lifts self by arms 2 months 3 weeks–4 months

Rolls from side to back 2 months 3 weeks–5 months

Grasps cube 3 months, 3 weeks 2–7 months

Rolls from back to side 41⁄2 months 2–7 months

Sits alone 7 months 5–9 months

Crawls 7 months 5–11 months

Pulls to stand 8 months 5–12 months

Plays pat-a-cake 9 months, 3 weeks 7–15 months

Stands alone 11 months 9–16 months

Walks alone 11 months, 3 weeks 9–17 months

Builds tower of two cubes 11 months, 3 weeks 10–19 months

Scribbles vigorously 14 months 10–21 months

Walks up stairs with help 16 months 12–23 months

Jumps in place 23 months, 2 weeks 17–30 months

Walks on tiptoe 25 months 16–30 months