child – adult development summary

8/2/2019 Child Adult Development summary

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A summary

CHILD

ADULT DEVELOPMENT


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1. Germinal (Fertilization2 weeks)

- rapid cell division

- increasing complexity and differentiation

- implantation in the wall of the uterus

2. Embryonic (28 weeks)

- rapid growth and development of major body

systems and organs (1st : central nervous system, 2nd : heart)

3. Fetal (8 weeksbirth)

- increased detail of body parts

- greatly enlarge body size

STAGES OF PRENATAL

DEVELOPMENT


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a. Nutrition (300500 additional calories; >= 11.8 kgs)

b. Physical Activity (moderate exercises)

c. Drug Intake

- medical drugs

- alcohol

- nicotine (miscarriages, infant death, low birth weight, long term cognitive &

behavioral problems)

- illegal drugs (premature, less alert, slow psychomotor, cancer risk, etc)

ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES

MATERNAL FACTORS


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d. AIDS

e. Maternal Illnesses (thyroid deficiencies, sexually transmitted diseases,

rubella, toxoplasmosis, diabetes)

f. Maternal Age (>= 35, and = adolescence)

g. Outside Environmental Hazards (Chemical, radiation, extremes heat and

humidity)


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1. Illegal drugs

2. Tobacco (genetic abnormalities, low birth weight, cancer risks)

3. Lead (premature, low birth weight)

4. Large amount of alcohol

5. Radiation (slow fetal growth, low birth weight)

6. Certain pesticides (abnomal sperms)

7. Low in Vitamin C (birth defects, certain cancer)

8. Paternal age (down syndrome, deformities of the head and limbs,dwarfism)

ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES:

PATERNAL FACTORS


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1. Size and appearance- weight : 2.54.5 kgs

- length : 45.5 cm56 cm

2. Body System

- anoxia (lack of oxygen, >= 5 minutes without O2)

- meconium (fetal waste matter during first few days after birth)- neonatal jaundice (skin, eyeballs look yellow immaturity of liver)

3. State of Arousal (cycle of wakefulness, sleep, and activity)

- newborn babies sleep about 16 hours

- wake up 2 or 3 hours feeding

4.Apgar scale (0 , 1, 2)

- Appearance (color)

- Pulse

- Grimace (reflex irritability) coughing, sneezing, crying

- Activity (muscle tone)

- Respiration crying

03 YEARS

(INFANT TODDLERHOOD)


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- Grow faster during the first 3 years

- By 1 year old = 3 x birth weight and 25 cms/

- By 2 nd year + 2.3 kgs and 12.5 cms

- By 3 rd year + 1.6 kgs/girls0.45 kg and 7.62 cms/girls2.5 cm

- Brain and Reflex Behavior

- Early Sensory capacities (Touch & pain, smell & taste, hearing, sight)

- Motor Development Denver Developmental Screening Test)

PHYSICAL GROWTH


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- Testing infant and toddlers

(Bayley Scales of Infant Development)

(Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment)

(SES, Parenting Practices & IQ)

- Piagetian Approach (6 sub stages of Sensory Motor)

- Language Development

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT


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- Emotion (facial expression, body movement, motor activity)

- Temperament (style of approaching & reacting to situations)

- Familys Role in Social Experiences

- Impact on parental employment

- Developmental issue in Infancy

- developing trust

- developing attachment

- stranger and separation anxiety

- Social Referencing (understanding ambiguous situation by seeking out

another persons perception of it)

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT


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Developmental Issue in Toddlerhood:

- Emerging sense of self self concept

- Development of Autonomy

- Socialization (habits, skills, values, motives) and Internalization

- Contact with other children (siblings, non siblings)

child – adult development summary

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