Chief Caretaker - Mr. E. Heinrichs

To successfully visit the Virtual Zoo just

click on the location you wish to explore.

Learn all you can then visit the quiz house

to test your knowledge.

Think you know

more than me?

Coelenterates

Aviary

Commissary

Amphibians

Reptiles

Fish

Sponge

Echinoderm

Flatworms

Annelids

Arthropods

Round Worms

Mammals

Quiz House

Included: Hydra, Jellyfish, Coral, Sea Anemones

Check this out !

Coelenterates have a simple digestive system called the gastrovascular

cavity.

They are made up of three main body layers

1. epidermis: outer body

2. gastroderm: inner surface of the gastrovascular cavity

3. mesoglea: jelly-like material found between layers

Coelenterates feed on small animals captured with their nemotocysts,

(Stinging Cells) which are located on the tentacle.

Coelenterates lack muscles to help them move about.

Most Coelenterates expand and contract the epidermis cells in the

tentacles in order to help them move about.

Coelenterates can reproduce both sexually and asexually. .

Coelenterates have radial symmetry.

Coelenterates - Eating

Nematocysts are poison filled sacs on a spring. When

they are touched, it darts off, explodes and buries itself

into the skin of the animal. The dart paralyzes the prey

so the cnidarian can attack. It uses it's tentacles to shove

the prey into it's mouth. Most of the food is digested, but

some waste is released back out the mouth. Coelenterates

contain a very simple nervous system called a nerve net

that is concentrated around the mouth.

Back to the Map!

General Characteristics:

•Feathers - Modified Scales?

•Spindle shaped body

•Two pair of limbs (Wings & Legs)

•Strong and lightweight bone structure

•Four chambered Heart

More

Back to the Map!

•Horn covered bill or beak

•Excretory system does not contain a urinary bladder

•Internal fertilization / external development

•Warm blooded

Welcome

to the

LHS Virtual Zoo

Commissary

Back to the Map

Tension Breaker

Had to be done!

Amphibians Include: Frogs, Toads, Salamanders and Newts.

General Characteristics:

• Ectothermic – Cold-Blooded

• Reproduction and development must take place in water

• Thin skin that contains mucus-secreting glands

• Two pair of limbs for walking, jumping and swimming

• One pair nostrils connected to the Oral cavity

• Three chambered heart (Two Atria – One Ventricle)

• Metamorphosis during development from juvenile to

adult form

Click on the photo to go there!

Map

Salamanders and Newts • Have Tails even as adults

• Long bodies and tails with four short limbs

• Feed on fish, snails, insects, worms and

other salamanders

• Some are entirely aquatic which never lose

their juvenile gills

• Others live on land in moist regions breathing

with lungs

Salamanders and Newts • Have Tails even as adults

• Long bodies and tails with four short limbs

• Feed on fish, snails, insects, worms and

other salamanders

• Some are entirely aquatic which never lose

their juvenile gills

• Others live on land in moist regions breathing

with lungs

We are really

the same thing

as a salamander!

• No tails

• Adults have short squat bodies

• Strong hind legs well suited for jumping

• Dry, rough, warty skin

• Can survive away from water

• Burrow in daytime to avoid sun

• Hibernate during the winter underground

• Feed on insects and worms

Toads

Frogs

• No tails

• Adults have short squat bodies

• Strong hind legs well suited for jumping

• Thin, moist skin that is loosely attached to their body

• Live near water

• Hibernate during the winter in mud at the bottom of

water body

• Feed on insects and worms

• Larval form called a tadpole

Click for more

about Frogs

Sounds

Frogs and toads protect themselves by;

1. Camouflage

2. Jumping ability

3. Diving underwater or out onto land

4. Unpleasant taste or poison

produced by glands in the skin

What about

Reproduction!

Reproduction of the frog

Frogs mate externally releasing millions of eggs and

sperm into the water. The male will grasp the female with

its front legs helping her squeeze her eggs out and ensuring

his sperm have a better chance of fertilization. After 6 – 9

days eggs hatch into tadpoles. Tadpoles have no legs or

lungs. They breathe with gills and swim with tails. Tadpoles

have a two-chambered heart. Metamorphosis ranges

between three months to several years. During this time the

tadpole reabsorbs the tail, grows legs and develops lungs.

Reptiles Include:

Lizards

Snakes

Turtles

Alligators Crocodiles

General Characteristics:

Ectothermic – Cold-Blooded

Live on land (some aquatic)

Internal Fertilization & external development - Lay eggs

Thick leathery eggshell protects egg

No metamorphosis during lifecycle

Dry scaly skin – protects against desiccation

Two pair of legs (*except snakes)

Five clawed toes per foot*

Circulation – three chambered heart

(two Atria – one partially separated Ventricle)

Partial separation restricts mixing of oxygenated &

deoxygenated blood to body cells. Crocodiles and

alligators have four chambered hearts.

Excretion – Nitrogenous waste is excreted as Uric Acid making

the urine a semisolid paste. This adaptation helps

conserve water.

Snakes

• No legs, or ear openings

• Immovable eyelids

• Different size scales

• Found in all biomes

• Feed on many small animals

• Forked tongue contains odor-sensing organs

that pick up scents and deliver them to the

Jacobson’s organs in the roof of the mouth

• Deaf to airborne sounds but feel ground vibrations

• Pit Vipers have heat-detecting organs between

nostrils and eyes

Eating – Some snakes swallow their prey alive while others kill it before

swallowing. Large snakes such as pythons and Boas crush their prey or

suffocate it using their body coils before swallowing. Poisonous snakes

have specialized teeth called fangs that are connected to their salivary

glands where poison or venom is made. Venom is pumped into bite

through hollow or grooved fang.

Neurotoxin – attacks nervous system, paralyzing victim

Hemotoxin – attack RBC and other blood vessels

Snakes can swallow prey many times larger than their mouth by

dislocating their jaw. Teeth are angled backwards to prevent food from

escaping. Ribs expand because they are only attached on one side.

Windpipe is projected forward so the snake can breathe throughout the

long swallowing process. After a large meal a snake can go weeks or even

months without feeding.

Click on

photo for

fullscreen

Always

during

Dinner!

That’s a Gazelle this African Rock

Python is eating!

Crocodiles & Alligators Largest living reptiles

Located in Tropical wetlands

Alligator – Fresh Water only

Crocodile – Both Salt & Fresh

Strong muscular tails used for swimming

Long snout with powerful jaws

Teeth are arranged differently

Alligator – Teeth enclosed

Broad snout

Less aggressive

Crocodile –Teeth exposed

Pointed snout

More aggressive

Feed on animals captured by ambush Website may

take time to

load.

Turtles • Found on land, marine and fresh water

• Body enclosed in protective shell

Carapace

(top)

Plastron

(bottom)

• Feed on plants and small animals

• No teeth – tear food with a hard, sharp beak

• Internal Fertilization & External Development

(Lay eggs on land)

Lizards

• Four legs with claws

• Uniform Scales

• Movable eyelids

• External ear openings

• Live in all biomes

• Feed on varied food

(Insects, small animals, eggs, plants, etc…)

• Defenses vary but include;

removable tails, coloration, poison

Jawless Fish make up

two individual classes

that are the most

primitive vertebrates.

Cartilage Fish -

Sharks and Rays

Bony Fish - Bluefish,

Flounder

Fish – There are Four Classes of fish

Lampreys

•No true jaw.

•Long snake-like bodies with smooth scales on skin.

•Two single dorsal fins and one tailfin.

•Skeleton composed of cartilage.

•External fertilization and development.

•Found in fresh and salt water.

•Most are parasites, attaching to the side of larger

fish with suction cup mouth and gnawing a hole

into the side to drink blood and body fluids.

•Mate in fresh water streams where they remain for

3 to 7 years.

•Adults only live one or two years. See Lamprey’s

feed

Lamprey

Hagfish •Long snake-like bodies with smooth scales on skin.

•Two single dorsal fins and one tail fin.

•No true jaw.

•Skeleton composed of cartilage.

•External fertilization and development.

•Found only in salt water.

•Feed on dead animals at the bottom of the ocean.

• Skin gland produce large quantities of

slime when threatened.

Cartilaginous Fish Include: sharks, rays and skates

•Skeleton completely made of

cartilage.

•Movable upper and lower jaws

with sharp teeth.

•Two chambered hearts.

•Feed on a variety of food.

Cartilaginous Fish - Skates and Rays

• Flattened wing like bodies with whip-like tails

• Live on ocean floor

• Feed on worms, mollusks and crustaceans

• Defense includes; poison stingers,

electric charges

Sharks

•Streamlined fish that move with their tails

•Swimming forces water over gills and out five

or seven pairs of gill slits. If a shark

stops moving it will die due to lack of

oxygen.

•Internal Fertilization and both internal and

external development

•Well-developed sense of smell and vibration

•Most Feed on fish and some feed on Plankton

•Skin covered with placoid scales (tough, tooth-

like scales)

Bony Fish

•Largest class of vertebrates.

•Skeleton made of bone.

•Paired fins.

•Protective, overlapping scales.

•Body form varies from the eel to the Seahorse with

most following the streamlined body construction as

in the Perch.

•Fins made of bone and cartilage connected with skin

webbing.

•Fins aid maintaining balance and movement.

Bony Fish (Cont.)

Gills provide oxygen but unlike sharks fish can draw water

over gills.

Two Chambered heart (One Atria & One Ventricle)

Swim Bladder helps fish maintain buoyancy

Fertilization and development are external

Defense includes; sharp spines, inflation, flying,

strong electric charge, poison, etc

Sponge

•Simplest of all animals

•Contain many pores through which

water flows continuously

•All sponges are aquatic

•Adults are sessile (don’t move)

•Larvae are free swimming

•Size and shape vary widely

•Many different colors

Click me

You’re a

good Sport

and

Hopefully

your

learning a

thing or

two!

•Three layer body composition

Outer layer composed of thin epidermal cells

Middle layer filled with gel and amebocytes

(Wandering cells)

Amebocytes secrete spicules which

provide support

Inner layer contains collar cells and have a

flagellum for food gathering

•The beating of the collar cells and their flagellum

create a current drawing water through sponge

and out the Osculum (top)

•Respiration is by diffusion

•Reproduction either asexual (budding) or sexual

(gametes)

Echinoderms (Spiny Skinned Animals)

Includes;

Starfish, Sea Cucumbers and Sand Dollars

I am NOT a Fish!

More

•All Marine living on the ocean floor

•Larva have Bilateral Symmetry

•Adults have Radial Symmetry (demonstration)

•Internal skeleton which provides support and

protection

•Skeleton composed of hard calcified plates

embedded in the body wall

•Spiny projections stick out the body wall

Sea Star

•Most have five arms radiating from a central disk

(can have as many as 20)

•Respiration is conducted by diffusion across the skin gills

•Fertilization and development are external

•Sea Stars can regenerate lost body parts

OUCH !! That’s Better

Regeneration Click

Feed on clams and oysters, prying the prey open using its tube

feet. It then inserts stomach through opening. Enzymes are

secreted partially digesting the prey which is reabsorbed by the

stomach and fully digested in the arms of the sea star.

Move utilizing a water-vascular system

Dorsal surface has a Sieve plate into which sea water

enters traveling through a series of canals to the tube feet on

each radial arm. If water is pumped out of the tube feet the

sea star creates a suction within the cup and can grasp the

object. If water is pumped into the tube feet the sea star

releases its suction and therefore lets go.

Flat Worms

Include;

Free living flatworms (planarian),

Parasitic flukes,

Parasitic tapeworms

General Characteristics

Bilateral symmetry

Flattened bodies

Three body layers

Ectoderm – outside

Mesoderm – middle

Endoderm – inside

Planarian

Flukes

Tapeworm

Planarian •Live in fresh water

•Gray, brown or black in color

•Triangular head with eyespots

(detect light intensity)

•When eating pharynx is projected out the

mouth and sucks small bits of food in

•Excretion occurs through the oral cavity

•No skeletal, respiratory or circulatory

systems (Diffusion)

•Hermaphroditic with no self-fertilization

•Internal fertilization and external

development

Flukes

•Parasitic

•Body covered with thick cuticle, which protects it from host’s

Immune System.

•Suckers help it attach to host intestinal blood vessels

•Eat pre-digested food

•Reproduction

1. Eggs laid in and removed by host excretory system

2. Eggs hatch into free swimming larvae in water

3. Larvae enter snails and reproduce asexually

4. New organisms leave snail and infect water sources

5. Flukes bore into host through skin

Cause; loss of blood, diarrhea, severe pain

Tapeworm

•Parasitic

•Long ribbon-like body form

•Four to nine meters in length

•Contain excretory, nervous and highly developed reproductive

systems

•Lack mouths and digestive systems

•Scolex (head) contain hooks and/or suckers to hold themselves

in the intestinal tract of host

•Digested food diffuse into tapeworm’s body

Reproduction

•Reproduction

1. Beneath head is a region of reproduction which makes

more segments

2. Hermaphroditic and can self fertilize

3. End sections filled with 100,000 fertilized eggs break off

and are removed through host excretory system

4. If contaminated food is eaten by cattle or pigs, larvae

embed themselves in the muscle fibers forming a

dormant capsule

5. Humans eat undercooked, contaminated meat releasing

the tapeworm

Causes; nutrient deprivation, blockage of intestinal tract

Annelida – Segmented Worms

Include;

Clam Worm Leech Earthworm

Segmented Worms

Body composed of a series of segments

•Found in marine, fresh water or land

•Nervous system – concentrated at anterior end

Cerebral ganglia (primitive brain)

Turns into ventral nerve cord passing

posteriorly

•Digestive system – straight, tubular, muscular canal

which can function independently from body wall.

Coelom (Fluid filled cavity) separate alimentary

canal from body wall.

Think you remember the

internal structures? Try Me

Clam Worm (Sand Worm)–

Live in intertidal zone

Feeds at night - burrows during the day

Eats by extending pharynx out mouth exposing jaws that grasp food

Fertilization and development external

Leech Freshwater parasite

Segmentation difficult to see

Attach to host using anterior and posterior suckers

Anterior sucker contains mouth and jaws which cut host skin

Enzymes prevent blood clotting as leech sucks up blood

Fertilization is internal in hermaphroditic leeches

Development is external

Earthworm Quiz

Word Bank

Crop

Gizzard

Pharynx

Esophagus

Seminal Vesicles

Seminal Receptacles

Intestine

Dorsal Blood vessel

Aortic Arch

Nephridia

Nerve Cord

Answers

Earthworm Quiz

Word Bank

Crop………………... F

Gizzard……………... G

Pharynx……………..A

Esophagus…………. B

Seminal Vesicles….. C

Seminal Receptacles.. D

Intestine…….……… H

Dorsal Blood vessel... I

Aortic Arch………….E

Nephridia…………... K

Nerve Cord………….J

Answers

* Click on class names *

Arthropods

•Most Biologically successful group of animals

•There are more species of Arthropods than all

other organisms put together!

•All have bilateral symmetry

•All have jointed legs

•All have exoskeleton (made of protein and Chitin)

Must molt to grow

•Segmented into Head, Thorax and Abdomen

•Well-developed nervous system including; sense organs

(eyes, antennae, hearing)

•Open circulatory system

•Divided into Five Classes –

•Crustaceans, Centipedes, Millipedes, Arachnids and Insects

Crustaceans

Include; Lobsters, Crabs, Crayfish,

Shrimp, Barnacles, Water fleas and others

•Two pair antennae on their head

•Exoskeleton – hardened with lime

•Head and Thorax fused into a cephalothorax

(Carapace – upper portion)

•Paired appendages have specific function

Antennae – taste, smell, touch, balance

Mandibles – Crush, taste, handle food

Chelipeds – grasping, catching food, defense

Walking legs – four pair

Swimmerets – Swimming, Carry eggs(female)

Telson/Uropods – backwards movement

More

•Regeneration of lost or damaged parts

•Open circulatory system

•Gills provide oxygen to body cells

•Complex nervous system

Brain connected to eyes, antennules and antennae

Sensory organs include compound eyes on moveable

stalks

Sensory hair detect touch and chemicals

Statocysts – manage equilibrium utilizing sand grains

obtained during molt

•Reproduction – Sperm transferred to female using

swimmerets, where it remains until spring. Female lays

hundreds of eggs which are held by her through several molts

and released.

Centipedes

•Typically have 30 to 35 pair of legs

•Segmented body

•All segments have legs

•Feed on insects caught with poison claws

Millipedes

•Typically more than 300 pair of legs

•Segmented body

•Two pair of legs per segment

•No poison claws

•Slower than centipedes

•Feed on decaying plant material

Arachnids

Include; Spiders, Scorpions, Ticks, Mites

•Body composed of cephalothorax and abdomen

•No antennae

•Cheliceras – fangs deliver toxins which paralyze

victim as “Sucking Stomach” ingests body fluids

•Pedipalps – Sensitive to chemicals and touch and

are used for holding food. Male delivers sperm to

female with the palipalps. More

•Six walking legs

•Breathe with book lungs located on the

lower abdomen (leaf-like plates)

•Internal fertilization & external

development

•Female lays eggs and wraps them in a

cocoon, which is carried, deposited in the

ground or laid into other animals.

•Spinnerets – spin silk (fluid protein) from

silk glands in abdomen

•Web used to; construct webs, line nests,

make cocoons for eggs, elevating

themselves, and escape danger

Insects

Include; More than 900,000 known species.

WHY?

- Only invertebrate capable of flight

( food search, mating, predator escape)

- Short life cycle & high reproductive rate

( increases adaptation)

- Small size ( require small habitats)

M

O

R

E

General Characteristics

•Three body sections (Head, Thorax, Abdomen)

•One pair antennae

•Compound eyes

•Three pair walking legs

•Some have wings

•Variation of mouthparts to their food source

Chewing – grasshopper

Sucking – Bee

Needle-like – Mosquito

Coiled Siphon – Butterfly

Sponging & Lapping – Fly

More

Reproduce sexually, most undergoing a metamorphosis

Incomplete Metamorphosis – Egg, Nymph, Adult

ex. Grasshopper

Complete Metamorphosis – Eggs, Larvae(caterpillar),

Pupa, Adult ex. Butterfly

Round Worms

Include; Trichina, Filaria, Pinworms, and hookworm

•Bilateral symmetry

•Two opening digestive tract

•Elongated, cylindrical bodies tapered at each end

•Covered with a tough cuticle

•Free-living or parasitic

•Live in all regions (aquatic or terrestrial)

•No circulatory or respiratory systems

•Move in a whip-like fashion

•Internal fertilization and external development

Click

for

diseases

•Most are parasites causing diseases

•Can be controlled with good hygiene, proper sanitation,

proper cooking and drugs

Diseases;

Trichina - Trichinosis

Filaria - Elephantiasis

Pinworms – itching

Hookworm – suck blood from intestine after trip

through lung

Elephantiasis

What is the

LARGEST phylum

of animals?

a. Birds b. Arthropods c. Mammals

Try Again

Which of the following is

NOT an Annelid?

A. Clamworm B. Earthworm

C. Ringworm D. Leech

Next Question

Try Again

Next

How many different types

of Mammals are there?

A. 1 B. 3 C. 15 D. 26

Try Again

Next Question

What is an Echinoderm?

A. A spiny skinned animal.

B. A type of mammal.

C. A marine creature similar to an Octopus.

D. A Skin Disease.

Next Question

Try Again

Which of the following is not a Cartilage Fish?

Shark Ray Bluefish

Next Question

Try Again

Is this an Alligator or a Crocodile?

Alligator

Crocodile

Next Question

Try Again

Return

Which of the following is Ectothermic?

a. Amphibian

b. Bird

c. Mammal

d. All of the above

Go Back

Next Question

What is the difference between a spider

and an insect?

A. Spiders have six legs. B. Spiders have eight legs.

C. Insects don’t have antennae. D. Spiders are Icky!

Next Question

Go Back

Go Back

What is the Simplest of all animals?

Human Jellyfish Sponge

Moving on…

Defrost

Which of the following is a true statement

concerning Birds?

A. They don’t have a Urinary Bladder.

B. They have a 4 chambered heart.

C. They are spindle shaped.

D. All of the above.

Answer

Answer

Answer

Answer

Guess Away

Next Question

General Characteristics:

•Most are terrestrial

•All have Hair (Amount varies)

•Warm Blooded

•Four chambered heart

•Highly developed Cerebrum (part of the brain)

•Highly differentiated teeth

•Give birth to live young (except Monotremes)

•Nourish their young with milk produced in mammary glands

Onward !

Monotremes – “Egg laying mammals”

Platypus Spiny Anteater

•Only live in Australia.

•Most primitive of the mammals.

Marsupials – “Pouched Animals”

Give birth to very young, immature offspring which

must climb into mothers pouch without assistance.

Kangaroo Koala Bear Opossum

Placental Mammals – Young remain in the

uterus of the mother until development is complete. Types of…

•Even Number of toes

•Herbivores

•Feeds in herds

•Flat teeth for grinding plants

•Examples;

Pigs, Deer, Antelope,

Sheep, Cattle, Giraffe and Camels (pictured)

Next >

Next

Enlarged claw that forms hoof.

Walk on their toes.

Most live in Grasslands or Savannahs.

Lg. grooved molars to grind grasses.

Examples;

Horse, Tapir,

Rhinoceros

Odd

Number

of Toes

Nex

t Include: feline, canine, ursidae (bear)

Predatory

Flesh eating.

Dental arrangements determine

families.

Next Mammal

See an

Elephant Skull

Only Two Species left alive!

African Elephant and Indian Elephant INFO

Thick Skin.

Matriarchal Social Structure.

Babies cared for several years.

Males live solitary lives.

Trunk extremely flexible, muscular organ.

Trunk Uses:

~ Exploration ~ Friendly wrestling matches

~ Feeding ~ Grab & throw objects

~ Drinking ~ Smell

Elephant Skull Elephant Foot

Order – Edentata “Mammals without teeth”

Include; Anteaters

Armadillos (Pictured)

Sloth (pictured below)

These mammals have either very

small teeth or no teeth at all.

Next

Examples - Shrew, Hedgehog, Moles

There’s More?

•Eat insects

•Long Narrow snout

•Small eyes and external ear openings

•Hibernate during winter

•5 clawed digits

Next

Herbivore

Short Tails

Incisors (Front teeth) grow throughout life.

Want to

see a

Rabbit skull?

Elongated ears and hind limbs

Back

- Highly Adaptable - Single pair of razor sharp incisors grow continuously.

- Opportunists - High reproductive rate

Next

MORE? Closest biological relative.

Highly organized cerebral cortex

200 Known species

MORE?

Opposable Thumbs.

Fingernails not claws.

Sensitive pads on underside of fingers.

Teeth vary considerably.

Increased Brain size.

Upright posture.

Social grouping.

Stereoscopic vision (allows depth perception).

Pictures

What are

you

Looking

At?

More Still!

•Only Flying Mammal.

•Pollinate Plants

•Disperse Seed

•Feed on Insect pests

(Up to 600per hour)

•Nocturnal – Roost in

colonies

Vampires!!!

Vampire bats usually feed on livestock, although humans

may occasionally be unwilling blood donors. They make

a small, painless incision in the skin and lap up the blood

with their tongues while anti-coagulant chemicals in

their saliva ensure that the blood meal continues

flowing.

Moving on…

Two types

Mysticeti

(Baleen

Whales)

Odontoceti

(Toothed

Whales)

oLargest Animals on Planet

oBaleen Plates instead of teeth

oBaleen made of Keratin (Same

thing as fingernails and hair)

oEat Krill, Plankton & Sm. Fish

o2 Blowholes

oSymmetrical Skull

oNo Echolocation

Types: Blue, Gray,

Humpback, Fin, Right,

Minke, Bowhead

Photos of Narwhals

oTeeth (2- 250 depends on species)

oEat fish, squid, marine mammals

oSmaller than mysticeti

o1 Blowhole

oEcholocation

oAsymmetrical Skull

Types: Sperm, Killer,

Beaked, Pilot, Beluga,

Dolphins, Porpoise,

Narwhal

That Horn is

really a tooth!

Keep them coming

o Aquatic Carnivores

o Evolutionary split from Ursidae (Bears)

o Fore flippers and Tusks

o Skillful divers & Swimmers

o Eat Krill, crustaceans, mollusks

and fish.

That’s a lot of

Mammals!

Manatee Skull

•Slow, passive animals

•Tropical waters

•Herbivores

•Eat 30 Lbs. food

daily

•Forelimbs modified

into flippers

•Vestigial pelvis

•Flattened tail

•Mammary gland

under front flipper

“The

Mermaids”

Back