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Chhayavaad

Chhayavaad(Hindi: ) (approximated in English

as Romanticism) refers to the era of Neo-romanticism

in Hindi literature, particularly Hindi poetry, 1922

1938,[1] and was marked by an upsurge of romantic and

humanist content.Chhayavadwas marked by a renewed

sense of the self and personal expression, visible in the

writings of time. It is known for its leaning towards

themes of love and nature, as well as an individualistic

reappropriation of the Indian tradition in a new form of

mysticism, expressed through a subjective voice.

1 Period

In, Chhayavad Yug is 1918 to 1937, and is preceded by

Bharatendu Yug (18681900), and DwivediYug (1900

1918), and is in turn, followed by the Contemporary Pe-

riod, 1937 onwards.[1][2]

Chhayavad continued till later half of the 1930s, when

the golden era of modern Hindi poetry was gradually re-

placed by social didacticism inspired by the uprising na-

tionalist fervour, when some of the later poets of this era,like Dinkar, Mahadevi and Bachchan took nationalist and

social critiquing within their poetry.

2 Notable authors

Jaishankar Prasad, Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala',

Sumitranandan Pant and Mahadevi Varma[3] are

considered as the four pillars of Chhayavaadischool of

Hindi literature. Other important figures of this literary

movement wereRamdhari Singh 'Dinkar',Harivansh Rai

Bachchan, Makhanlal Chaturvedi andPandit NarendraSharma.

Though Harivansh Rai Bachchan became excessively

critical of Chhayavaad later in his career and was asso-

ciated with other genres likeRahasyavaad, Pragativaad

andHaalaavaad.

3 Notable works

Jaishankar Prasad's Kamayani (1936) is considered an

important magnum opus of this school, followed byMahadevi Varma's, Nihar (Mist, 1930), Harivansh Rai

Bachchan's,Madhushala(1935).

4 Criticism of Chhayavaad

When it arrived, Chhayavaad was very well received by

readers and critics alike. However, subsequent scholars

have criticized Chhayavaad for excessive use of decora-

tive language, romanticism aloof from contemporary so-

cial and economic malaise and setting stricter rules on

meter, rhyme etc.

5 Notes

[1] Hindi Language

[2] Historical Development of Hindi University of Illinois at

Urbana-Champaign

[3] Chhayavaadi Movement

6 References

Romantic Poetry in the Era of Convention

Chhayavad study in The Journal of the American

Oriental Society, Jul 1, 2001

1 Now available in Vani Prakashan, New Delhi

1

http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-27150229_ITMhttp://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-27150229_ITMhttp://sar.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/25/1/13http://www.hindilanguage.org/hindi/literature.asphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana-Champaignhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana-Champaignhttp://charm.cs.uiuc.edu/~bhatele/hindi/devel.htmhttp://languages.iloveindia.com/hindi.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhushalahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harivansh_Rai_Bachchanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harivansh_Rai_Bachchanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahadevi_Varmahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamayanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaishankar_Prasadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haalaavaadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragativaadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahasyavaadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandit_Narendra_Sharmahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandit_Narendra_Sharmahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhanlal_Chaturvedihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harivansh_Rai_Bachchanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harivansh_Rai_Bachchanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramdhari_Singh_%2527Dinkar%2527https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahadevi_Varmahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumitranandan_Panthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suryakant_Tripathi_%2527Nirala%2527https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaishankar_Prasadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahavir_Prasad_Dwivedihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatendu_Harishchandrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi_literaturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-romanticismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi_language

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